PERPUSTAKAAN UMP

11 fill 1111111111 111111111111 PASSE 0000072604 (PIS) FOR

KUANTAN - TANJUNG LUMPUR BUS ROUTE

INSYIRAH BT. MOHD YUNUS

AA08157

A thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Civil Engineering

Faculty of Civil Engineering & Earth Resources\ University Malaysia Pahang

JUNE 2012

kESTAKMN UMVERST MALAYSIA PAHANG

No. Perokhai 'No. Parggilan

0726Q43tg

Tarc.ii -

MAR 2013

ABSTRACT

The main purpose of this study is to provide information about public

transportation which is public bus to people living around Tanjung Lumpur area. The

dissemination of information about public transportation that is available is very

important in order to inform to public bus users about the existence of public

transportation thereby can increase the awareness of local residents about the benefits

of using public transport. If provided public transportation is not being used and total

of passengers is too little, the bus company had to stop the bus operation and this will

give problems to low-income residents who still want to use public transport. Public

transportation information that need to be considered are bus routes, bus travel time,

and location of bus stops. This study used the concept of geographic information

system in conducting inventory of existing bus facilities. In addition, the

questionnaire surveys and interviews were also conducted to obtain information on

bus operations along Kuantan to Tanjung Lumpur bus route. Next, information about

public transportation services can be disseminated.

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ABSTRAK

Tujuan utama kajian mi adalah untuk memberi informasi atau makiumat

tentang pengangkutan awam iaitu bas awam kepada penduduk setempat yang tinggal

di Tanjung Lumpur dan kawasan berdekatan. Penyebaran makiumat tentang

pengangkutan awam yang disediakan sangat penting untuk memberitahu tentang

kewujudan pengangkutan awam tersebut sekali gus dapat meningkatkan kesedaran di

kalangan penduduk setempat tentang kelebihan menggunakan pengangkutan awam.

Jika pengangkutan awam yang disediakan tidak digunakan dan jumlah penumpang

yang menaiki pengangkutan awam terlampau sedikit, pihak syarikat bas terpaksa

menghentikan operasi bas dan mi akan menyusahkan penduduk yang berpendapatan

rendah yang masih mahu menggunakan pengangkutan awam. Makiumat

pengangkutan awam yang perlu diambil kira adalah laluan bas, masa perjalanan bas,

dan kedudukan perhentian bas. Kajian mi menggunakan konsep sistem makiumat

geografi dalam menjalankan inventori kemudahan bas yang sedia ada. Tambahan

lagi, kajian soal selidik dan wawancara turut dijalankan untuk mendapatkan

makiumat mengenai operasi bas di sepanjang laluan bas darijuantan ke Tanjung

Lumpur. Seterusnya, makiumat tentang perkhidmatan pengangkutan awam dapat

disebarkan.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER TITLE PAGE

TITLE PAGE i DECLARATION DEDICATION iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT v

ABSTRACT vi

ABSTRAK vii

TABLE OF CONTENTS viii

LIST OF FIGURES xi

LIST OF TABLES xii

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study 1

1.2 Problem Statement 2

1.3 Objective 3

1.4 Scope of Study 3

1.5 Significance of Study 4

1.6 Study Area 4

1.7 Thesis Layout 5

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3.

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction 6

2.2 Geographical Information System (GIS) 7

2.3 Fundamental of GIS 8

2.3.1 Mapping Concepts, Features and

Properties 8

2.3.2 Map Characteristics 9

2.3.3 Data Automation 9

2.4 Public Bus Transportation Information 10

2.4.1 Data Integration 10

2.5 Routes S 11

2.6 Operation Information 12

2.7 Association of Bus Routes and Bus Stops 13

2.8 Materials 13

2.8.1 Location of Bus Stops 13

2.9 Conclusion of Literature Review 14

METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction 15

3.2 Pre-field Work Study 16

3.3 Field Work 17

3.3.1 Interview 17

3.3.2 Questionnaire survey 17

3.4 Post-field Work 18

3.4.1 ArcCatalog GIS 19

3.4.2 Map 22

3.4.3 Attribute Table 25

3.5 Product 25

3.6 Conclusion 27

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4. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS

4.1 Introduction 28

4.2 Study Location 28

4.3 Data Analysis 29

4.4 Data Representation of Public Transportation

Management Object 30

4.4.1 Public Transportation Station Data 30

4.4.2 Public Transportation Route Data 31

4.5 Database Organization 31

4.6 Interview 32

4.7 Questionnaire Survey 33

4.8 Design of Bus Schedule for Kuantan to

Tanjung Lumpur Bus Route 36

4.9 Location Map for Bus Stops 37

4.9.1 Identifying Bus Stops Information

in ArcMap 39

5. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 Summary 49

5.2 Achievement of the Study Objectives 50

5.2.1 Objective 1 51

5.2.2 Objective 2 51

5.3 Conclusion 52

5.4 Recommendation 53

REFERENCES 54

APPENDICES 56

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LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE NO. TITLE PAGE

Figure 1 : Location of study (www.google.com) 4

Figure 2.1: Data Integration is the linking of information in different forms

through GIS 11

Figure 2.2: Objects relation of Public Transportation 12

Figure 2.3: Location of Bus Stops (image from Google Earth) 14

Figure 3.1: Methodology of Research Flowchart 16

Figure 3.2: Captured Image from Google Earth 18

Figure 3.3.1: New File Geodatabase 19

Figure 3.3.2: New Feature Class 19

Figure 3.3.3: Types of feature class 20

Figure 3.3.4: WGS84 Coordinate System 20

Figure 3.3.5: File geodatabase Feature Class 21

Figure 3.3.6: Add data from ArcCatalog 21

Figure 3.3.7: Open Attribute Table 22

Figure 3.4: Image from Google Earth 23

Figure 3.5: Line Features (Bus Routes) 23

Figure 3.6: Point Features (location of bus stops) 24

Figure 3.7: Location Map of Bus Stops 24

Figure 3.8: Map in GIS Database 26

Figure 3.8.1: Design Poster for Kuantan to Tanjung Lumpur Bus Route 26

Figure 4.1: Study Area(Jln. Pasar to Cherok Paloh, Kuantan) 29

Figure 4.1.1: Gender of Respondent 33

Figure 4.1.2: Age of Respondent 34

Figure 4.1.3: Income of Respondents 34

Figure 4.1.4: Vehicles Ownership 35

Figure 4.1.5: Running Time of Bus 35

Figure 4.1.6: Punctuality of Bus 36

Figure 4.2: Bus Schedule for Kuantan to Tanjung Lumpur Bus Route 37

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Figure 4.3: Location Map of Bus Stops 38

Figure 4.9.1.1: Point 1 (Cherok Paloh)

Figure 4.9.1.2: Point 2 (Kg. Penor) 40

Figure 4.9.1.3: Point 3 (Kg. Sepat) 40

Figure 4.9.1.4: Point 4 (Kg. Kempadang) 41

Figure 4.9.1.5: Point 5 (Peramu) 41

Figure 4.9.1.6: Point 6 (Perkampungan Tanjung Lumpur) 42

Figure 4.9.1.7: Point 7 (Kg. Hijrah) 42

Figure 4.9.1.8: Point '8 (Cherok Paloh) 43

Figure 4.9.1.9: Point 9 (Kg. Hijrah) 43

Figure 4.9.1.10: Point 10 (Kg. Penor) 44

Figure 4.9.1.11: Point 11 (Kg. Sepat) 44

Figure 4.9.1.12: Point 12 (Kg. Chempaka) 45

Figure 4.9.1.13: Point 13 (Kg. Chempaka) 45

Figure 4.9.1.14: Point 14 (Kg. Chempaka) 46

Figure 4.9.1.15: Point 15 (Kg. Sg. Soi) 46

Figure 4.9.1.16: Point 16 (Peramu) 47

Figure 4.9.1.17: Point 17 (Kg. Kempadang) 47

Figure 4.9.2:Poster for UPTIS 48

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE NO. TITLE PAGE

Table 1: Attribute Table 25

Table 2: GIS Database for Transit Analysis 30

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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of Study

Tanjung Lumpur is just a fishing village with small population but now it has

experiencing rapid development. So, the population and vehicles in the area will be

increasing. From my personal observation, people living in the area do not like to use

public transportation services as they prefer to use their own transport. This has lead

to lack of adequate stage bus service along the route from Kuantan to Tanjung

Lumpur. The issue of lack of stage bus in Kuantan is because the service seems to

"die" several years ago when the bus company claimed that they suffered quite a big

loss ( Berita Harian, Awang Asrol ). The key to solve this problem is improving

Public transportation.

Public transport system plays a vital role by providing cost effective and

energy saving means of transport. The public bus transport system provides a better

and safer environment by reducing congestion, pollution and creating more efficient

Solution to transport problems. Therefore, it is urgent to promote public

transportation informationization to improve service quality and efficiency of bus,

subway and other public transportation ( Z. Wen, C. Xiaojie, L. Jianjun, 2010). From

the national application trend, Geographic Information System (GIS) has been the

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most effective method to foster public transportation informationization development

(WZ. Xiao, W Wang, XG. Li, 1999).

This system will be specifically developed for bus transport. In this system,

passenger can get information about all buses, routes, timings of buses and all stops

along Kuantan to Tanjung Lumpur bus route. This project includes two phases. One

is for user and the other for administrator. For the users, they can request for

information about all buses, routes, timings of buses and all stops along the route

using Wi-Fi or GPRS technology. On the other hand, for the administrator, they can

update, delete and insert information about all buses, routes, and helpline numbers

for users (N. Uma, 2011).

1.2 Problem Statement

Tanjung Lumpur is experiencing poor public transport system, the existing

public transport system lacks among other \characteristics; passenger trip guidance,

bus routes, timings of buses and all stops along Kuantan to Tanjung Lumpur bus

route. Passengers do not know the available services provided for them and the

advantageof using public transportation and this has lead to low demand for the

service. Therefore, there is a need for implementing a geographic database for public

transportation information within the area. This will greatly enhance efficiency and

facilitate transportation information of the public transportation within the area.

2

1.3 Objectives of the Study

The objectives of the study are:

i. To conduct inventory the existing bus facilities from Kuantan

to Tanjung Lumpur using GIS.

ii. To produce User Publis Transportation Information System

(UPTIS) for the study area.

1.4 Scope of Study

Scopes of this study include the following procedures:

i. Collection of information from various sources.

- Meeting with stakeholders (especially passengers, drivers,

bus operators or other commercial operators) and

questionnaire surveys to know the needs and priorities of the

stakeholders.

ii. Obtain road network map.

- Capture from Google Earth and geo-referenced to the

WGS84 coordinate system

iii. Promotion.

- The promotion of transport information system helps to raise

awareness among the public about the benefit of using

public transportation.

3

1.5 Significance of Study

The study is conducted in order to give information to all users about public

bus along Kuantan to Tanjung Lumpur bus route like bus routes, timings of buses,

and all stops along the route. Then, the bus operators or public bus companies can

distribute information about public transportation to users. The public transportation

information system can be given to Majlis Perbandaran Kuantan (MPK) so that they

can plan better public transport facilities.

1.6 Study Area

Study area was along Kuantan - Tanjung Lumpur bus route which is from

stage bus station at Jalan Stadium to the bus stop at Cherok Paloh. The length of the

road is 32 kilometers.

Figure 1: Location of study•

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1.7 Thesis Layout

The contents of each chapter are summarized below:

1. Introduction: this chapter includes background, problem statement, objectives

of the study, scope of study and study area.

2. Literature review: includes analysis background, definition, methods and

summary of literature review.

3. Methodology: includes methods from start to end of this project run and

methods of using the GIS software.

4. Analysis and Result: presentation of results as database public transportation

maps and discussion.

5. Conclusions and recommendations: includes summary of the conclusions and

recommendations.

6. References

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CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction

In order to successfully conduct this project, it is necessary to have a better

understanding and knowledge regarding public transportation inventory and

transportation studies. To this, the studies and research in various types of books,

articles, case studies, journals and related websites need to carry out.

The process of survey of existing facilities and current behavior or collect the

information and resources regarding public transportation is called public

transportation inventory. The result of this process can be used in various types of

Purpose. For example for this project, the data or result will be used as information to

the users in the living area.

rel

2.2 Geographical Information System (GIS)

An effective system management is required in planning development in

order to achieve the desired goals and objectives, evaluate alternative as well as

control development programs that are in line with the current and future prospects.

GIS technology has long been applied in planning activities which essentially

include plans formulation as well as development control (Johar et al., 2003). The

design of public transportation system operation and networks is complex and can

include conflicting objectives. The design may not fulfill the passengers' satisfaction.

GIS can combine pieces of data for every object, put it through the model

process, and get back a new piece of information. This allows spatial data to be

processed in mass quantities using powerful, complex formulas. GIS not only for

mapping, but, it also can analyses, process data and unique. Besides of that, the

costing is much cheaper by using GIS (Chang K. T., 2008).

By using GIS in managing the information, the department can provide data

that is current and accurate, which can be retrieved at anytime and anywhere.

Effective management is very important to eliminate data duplication. The adoption

of GIS will lead to a more organized management. Passengers need effective public

transport services and to be well regarded, public transport services must follow

regular schedules, be safe and rapid, guarantee high service quality, and utilize

resources efficiently (Dridi et al., 2005). Public transportation services vitalize

economies of nations. These services improve the life of communities by providing

safe, efficient, and economic transport and they benefit society by easing traffic

congestion, saving money, and creating and sustaining jobs (Tran and Kleiner, 2005).

Public transport managed objects, includes physical entities and data entities.

Physical entities refer to the road network, public transport facilities, routes, vehicles,

Passenger traffic distribution and other objective object. Data entities are mainly Public transport daily operation and management data, such as travel schedule, traffic

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statistics, sales data, and personal management data. Data entities are generally in the

form of database table and every table are correlated by keyword. this project, the

data or result will be used as information to the users in the living area.

2.3 Fundamentals of GIS

Fundamentals of GIS are dividing into four parts, which are mapping

concepts, features and properties, map characteristics, data automation and the last

one is information of digital map.

2.3.1 Mapping Concepts, Features and Properties

A map represents geographic features or others spatial phenomena by

graphically conveying information about locations and attributes. Location is

described as the position of particular geographic features on the Earth's surface

whether the attributes is described as characteristics of the geographic features

represented such as name or numbers. The basic objective of mapping is to provide:-

a. Descriptions of geographic phenomenon.

b. Spatial and non spatial data. C. Map features like point, polygon and line.

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2.3.2 Map Characteristics

There are technical characteristics that define map in addition to feature

locations or their attributes. Elangovan, 2006, specified the map characterististic

includes:-

a. Map scale.

b. Map accuracy.

C. Map extent.

d. Data base extent.

2.3.3 Data Automation

Map features are logically organizes into a set of layers. Map data, regardless

of how spatial database will be applied, is collected, automated and updated in a

series of adjacent map sheets or aerial photograph. Each sheet is mounted on the

digitizer and digitized, one sheet at a time. In order to be able to combine, the

coordinates must be transforming into a single common coordinate system. Hence,

the attributes will associate with the features (Elangovan, 2006).

2.4 Public Bus Transportation Information

Public bus transportation information include the bus route, bus stops

location, and bus operations. All these information are important in order to increase

the public awareness about public bus transportation services provided in the study

area. Information of public bus transport can be produced by conducting inventory of

existing bus facilities along the route using GIS. GIS can be used to emphasize the

spatial relationship among the objects being mapped. Data capture putting the public

bus information into the system involves identifying the objects on the map, the

absolute location of bus stop on the Earth's surface, and their spatial relationships.

Software tools that automatically extract features from satellite images are gradually

replacing what has traditionally been a time-consuming capture process. Objects are

identified in a series of attribute tables the "information" part of GIS. Spatial

relationships, such as whether features intersect or whether they are adjacent, are the

key to all GIS-based analysis (Elangovan, 2006).

2.4.1 Data Integration

GIS makes it possible to link, or integrate, information that is difficult to

associate through any other means. Thus, GIS can use combinations of mapped

variables to build and analyze new variables (Elangovan, 2006).

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Figure 2.1 Data integration is the linking of information in different forms through

GIS

2.5 Routes

Public bus route is the most important part of transportation which refers to

the directed physical path ( J. T. Li and J. F. Yang, 2004) of every bus route. In data

model, one line is alternatively connected by site and road section.

1) Site: Site is the location for passengers getting on and off the bus.

Actually, site is the "projection" of platform of one specific line and its location is

according to the corresponding site. In other words, the platform and site has one-to-

many relation

2) Road sections: Section is a line segment between adjacent sites which is

the basic building blocks unit of bus routes. Specifically, section is the connection of

two adjacent sites along the road centerline.

The following diagram visually reflects the relationship between buses

related objects:

11

D

o - Legend o Legend network C

- Route

Road sectia

L2ikd Hub platformi Parkiiig

L (first and

Maintenance site

Figure 2.2 : Objects relation of public transportation

2.6 Operation information

Public transport information is bus GIS information which is closely

connected with the application business data including the frequency plan, passenger

traffic and passenger revenue and other data. It organizes public transportation

information. The actual performance of public transport operations is reflected in

many aspects, such as vehicle storage and organization, each line transceiver classes,

schedules, operating interval, operation mileage management, etc. Related

information and route will change accordingly.

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2.7 Association of Bus Routes and Bus Stops

Bus routes do not necessarily service all the bus stops that lie on their paths,

and many bus stops are serviced by more than one route. Therefore, it is necessary to

devise an efficient way and give information by which stops can be specified and

associated with their respective (C. S. Papacostas, 1995).

2.8 Materials

In this part, all materials used in this study are presented. The specific

material got from MPK and two bus companies that operates along the route which

are Rahmat Alam and Bee Huat.

2.8.1 Location of bus stops

In this study, we get location and pictures of bus stops from MPK and

transfer to the GIS software to conduct the inventory of existing bus facilities.

Example data that could be used is the distance of bus stop from bus terminal at Jalan

Pasar, Kuantan.

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Figure 2.3 : Location of bus stops (image from Google Earth)

2.9 Conclusion of Literature Review

From the literature review, previous researcher already state about how to use

GIS, the advantages, functions and also guideline on using GIS software. However,

not many people know how to use this intelligent software. The following are some

of advantages by using GIS software such as save time and cut cost, high technology,

easy to understand, easy to do analysis and GIS can save lots of data. This literature

review also played as example for its application in conducting inventory,

establishing map, and giving information. The use of GIS can encourage

Cooperation and communication among the organizations involved in environmental

protection, planning, and resource management.

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CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction

A key component in emerging methods and techniques for better

understanding transportation processes is geographical information system (GIS).

Researchers have used GIS technology to measure 'accessibility of public transport,

creating public transport routes, identifying optimum routes, optimizing bus stops

and spatial analysis of service level, measuring spatial equity and public transport

management. Recently, the application of GIS in public transport planning and

management has increased. It is an attractive tool for this research because of its

query, spatial analysis, and network analysis. Hence, GIS has been used to conduct

inventory of existing bus facilities for this study area.

This research has three stages which are the pre-field work stage, field-work

stage, and post-field work stage. All methodology and materials used in this research

will be discussed in this chapter. In order to achieve the objectives of this research,

the general methods followed were literature review, interviews with public bus

Companies, which are Ralmrnt Alain and Bee Huat, questionnaire survey for 50

public bus users, data collection from Majlis Perbandaran Kuantan (MPK). In this

research, software ArcGIS 9.3 is used.

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Capture image fromInterviews and questionnaireGoogle Earth survey to publit bus users. bu companies, and WK

Geo-referenèing to WGS84 coordinate system

Attributes of bus stops

Bus route network map

Establish map location of bus stops

Prepare poster for UPTItS

Figure 3.1 : Methodology of research flowchart

3.2 Pre-field Work Study

Firstly, literature review is done to identify the parameters and data required

and relevant stakeholders were identified. The required data that have been identified

during the pre-field study are road network, bus route, location of bus stops, and bus

Operations. Then, interview questions and questionnaires were prepared. Interview

sessions are done with both Rahmat Alam and Bee Huat bus companies. The questionnaire survey for public bus users was prepared to conduct at bus stops along

the bus route. The questionnaires was made as simple as possible so that the required inFormation can be obtained in the waiting time. It has three parts involving

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