1.1 Cells 1.2 Structure and function of body systems Big Picture … · 2020. 7. 13. · Cells are so small that about 100 animal cells would fit across the width of this tiny full

KS3

: B

1.1

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arn

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ture

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lsA

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ail

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och

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mit

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on

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a

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last

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vac

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le a

nd

a ce

ll w

all

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op

lasm

Wh

ere

chem

ical

rea

ctio

ns

take

pla

ce in

a c

ell

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l mem

bra

ne

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arri

er t

hat

co

ntr

ols

wh

at

mo

ves

in a

nd

ou

t o

f a

cell

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cleu

sC

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ls t

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cell

and

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gen

etic

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eria

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ded

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ells

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her

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l

wh

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pla

sts

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ere

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oto

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the

sis

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s p

lace

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pla

nt

cell

Spec

ialis

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cells

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lls t

hat

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e c

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ged

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ctu

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ple

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cells

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ve c

ells

, blo

od

ce

lls, s

pe

rm

cells

, lea

f ce

lls a

nd

ro

ot

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r ce

lls

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or

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and

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cells

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nic

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0 a

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uld

fit

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oss

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idth

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this

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ny

full

sto

p.

Bio

logy

1.1

Cel

ls

1.2

Str

uct

ure

an

d f

un

ctio

n o

f b

od

y sy

stem

s

2.1

Hea

lth

& li

fest

yle

1.3

Rep

rod

uct

ion

2.2

Eco

syst

em p

roce

sses

2.3

Ad

apta

tio

n a

nd

in

her

itan

ce

B1

Ch

ec

kli

st

Ch

ap

ter

1

Lesso

n

Develo

pin

g

Secu

re

Exte

nd

ing

B1 1

.1

Observ

ing c

ells

I can s

tate

what

a c

ell is.

I

can d

escribe w

hat

a c

ell is.

I can e

xpla

in w

hat

all liv

ing

org

anis

ms a

re m

ade o

f.

I can d

escribe h

ow

to u

se a

mic

roscope t

o o

bserv

e a

cell.

I

can e

xpla

in h

ow

to u

se a

mic

roscope t

o o

bserv

e a

cell.

I

can e

xpla

in w

hat

each p

art

of

the m

icro

scope d

oes a

nd h

ow

it is u

sed.

B1 1

.2 P

lant

and a

nim

al

cells

I can identify

one s

imilarity

and

one d

iffe

rence b

etw

een a

pla

nt

and a

n a

nim

al cell.

I

can d

escribe t

he s

imilarities

and d

iffe

rences b

etw

een p

lant

and a

nim

al cells.

I

can e

xpla

in t

he s

imilarities

and d

iffe

rences b

etw

een p

lant

and a

nim

al cells.

I can m

atc

h s

om

e c

om

ponents

of a c

ell t

o t

heir functions.

I

can d

escribe t

he functions o

f th

e c

om

ponents

of a c

ell.

I

can e

xpla

in t

he functions o

f

the c

om

ponents

of a c

ell b

y

linkin

g t

hem

to life p

rocesses.

B1 1

.3

Specia

lised

cells

I can n

am

e s

om

e e

xam

ple

s o

f

specia

lised a

nim

al cells.

I

can d

escribe e

xam

ple

s o

f

specia

lised a

nim

al cells.

I

can d

escribe e

xam

ple

s o

f

specia

lised a

nim

al cells,

linkin

g s

tructu

re a

nd function.

I can n

am

e s

om

e e

xam

ple

s o

f

specia

lised p

lant

cells.

I

can d

escribe e

xam

ple

s o

f

specia

lised p

lant

cells.

I

can d

escribe e

xam

ple

s o

f

specia

lised p

lant

cells,

linkin

g s

tructu

re a

nd function.

B1 1

.4

Movem

ent

of

substa

nces

I can identify

substa

nces t

hat

move into

or

out

of cells.

I

can n

am

e s

om

e s

ubsta

nces

that

move into

and o

ut

of cells.

I

can e

xpla

in w

hic

h s

ubsta

nces

move into

and o

ut

of cells.

I can s

tate

sim

ply

what

diffu

sio

n is.

I

can d

escribe t

he p

rocess o

f

diffu

sio

n.

I

can e

xpla

in t

he p

rocess

of diffu

sio

n.

B1 1

.5

Unic

ellula

r org

anis

ms

I can n

am

e a

n e

xam

ple

of a

unic

ellula

r org

anis

m.

I

can d

escribe w

hat

a

unic

ellula

r org

anis

m is.

I

can e

xpla

in w

hat

a u

nic

ellula

r

org

anis

m is a

nd g

ive d

eta

iled

exam

ple

s.

I can identify

som

e s

tructu

res

in a

n a

moeba.

I

can d

escribe t

he s

tructu

re

of an a

moeba.

I

can d

escribe t

he s

tructu

re

and function o

f an a

moeba.

I can identify

som

e s

tructu

res

in a

eugle

na.

I

can d

escribe t

he s

tructu

re

of a e

ugle

na.

I

can d

escribe t

he s

tructu

re

and function o

f a e

ugle

na.

© Oxford University Press 2015 www.oxfordsecondary.co.uk/acknowledgements

This resource sheet may have been changed from the original.

Glossary Chapter 1

B1

Key word Definition

amoeba A unicellular organism.

cell wall The plant cell component that surrounds the cell, providing support.

cells The smallest functional units in an organism – the building blocks of life.

chloroplasts The plant cell component where photosynthesis takes place.

concentration A measure of the number of particles of a substance in a given

volume.

diffusion The movement of liquid or gas particles from a place of high

concentration to a place of low concentration.

euglena Unicellular organism that performs photosynthesis.

flagellum A tail-like structure that allows euglenas to move.

leaf cell The plant cells that contain chloroplasts, where photosynthesis

takes place.

microscope An optical instrument used to magnify objects, so small details

can be seen clearly.

nerve cell An animal cell that transmits electrical impulses around the

body.

nucleus The cell component that controls the cell and contains genetic

material.

observation Carefully looking at an object or process.

organisms Living things.

red blood cell An animal cell that transports oxygen around the body.

root hair cell A plant cell that takes in water and minerals from the soil.

specialised cell A cell whose shape and structure enable it to perform a particular function.

sperm cell A cell containing male genetic material.

unicellular Consisting of just one cell.

vacuole The plant cell component that contains cell sap and helps to keep the cell firm.

http://www.oxfordsecondary.co.uk/acknowledgements



Study guide information sheet B

Looking at cells To see a very small object in detail, you need to use a microscope.

This magnifies the image using lenses. Looking carefully and in detail at an

object is called making an observation.

Parts of a microscope

Use the following steps to observe an object using a microscope.

1 Move the stage to its lowest position.

2 Place the object you want to observe on the stage.

3 Select the objective lens with the lowest magnification.

4 Look through the eyepiece and turn the coarse-focus knob slowly until

you see your object.

5 Turn the fine-focus knob until your object comes into focus.

6 Repeat Steps 1 to 5 using an objective lens with a higher magnification

to see the object in greater detail.

List the six parts of a microscope.

Quick question





Magnification

The eyepiece lens and objective lens in a microscope have different

magnifications. Together they magnify the object.

For example,

if you have an eyepiece lens of ×10

and an objective lens of ×20

the object would be magnified 200 times.

eyepiece lens

magnification

× objective lens

magnification

= total

magnification

10 × 20 = 200

If the eyepiece lens magnification is 5 and the objective lens

magnification is 10, what is the total magnification?

Quick question





Animal cells and plant cells All living organisms are made of cells. Cells are the smallest units found in

an organism.

Animal cells

Animal cells have an irregular shape.

They contain four components:

a nucleus

a cell membrane

cytoplasm

lots of mitochondria.

The components of a cell each have different functions:

Nucleus – this controls the cell and contains genetic material. Genetic

information is needed to make new cells.

Cell membrane – this is a barrier around the cell. It controls what can

come in and out of the cell.

Cytoplasm – this is a ‘jelly-like’ substance where the chemical

reactions in a cell take place.

Mitochondria – this is where respiration happens. Respiration is a

reaction that transfers energy for the organism.

Name the four components of an animal cell.

Quick question

Give the function of the cell nucleus.

Quick question





Plant cells

Plant cells have a more regular structure than animal cells.

They contain seven components. Like animal cells, they contain a nucleus, a

cell membrane, cytoplasm, and many mitochondria.

Plant cells also contain:

a cell wall

a vacuole

chloroplasts.

These components have their own function:

Cell wall – this strengthens the cell and provides support. It is made

of a tough fibre called cellulose, which makes the wall rigid.

Vacuole – this contains a watery liquid called cell sap. It keeps the

cell firm.

Chloroplasts – this is where photosynthesis happens. Chloroplasts

contain a green substance called chlorophyll, which traps energy

transferred from the Sun.

Name the three components of plant cells that are not found in

animal cells.

Quick question

What is found inside a vacuole?

Quick question





Specialised cells Many cells in an organism have different shapes and structures so that they

are suited to carry out a particular job. These cells are called

specialised cells.

Specialised animal cells

Nerve cell

Nerve cells carry electrical impulses around your body.

They are long and thin and have connections at each end where they can

join to other nerve cells. This allows them to transmit messages around the

body.

Red blood cells

Red blood cells transport oxygen around the body. They contain

haemoglobin, a red pigment that joins to oxygen.

Unlike most animal cells they have no nucleus.

They also have a disc-like shape. This increases their surface area for

carrying oxygen.

Sperm cells

Sperm cells carry male genetic material.

They have a streamlined head and a long tail. This allows the cell to move

through a liquid.

They contain lots of mitochondria to transfer energy. This allows the tail to

‘swim’.

Name three specialised animal cells.

Quick question





Specialised plant cells

Leaf cell

The leaf cells found near the top of a leaf carry out photosynthesis.

The cells are long and thin and packed with chloroplasts. This means they

have a large surface area for absorbing energy transferred from the Sun.

Root hair cell

Root hair cells absorb water and nutrients from the soil.

The root hair creates a large surface area for absorbing water and nutrients.

They have no chloroplasts as there is no light underground, so these cells

do not carry out photosynthesis.

Name two specialised plant cells.

Quick question





Unicellular organisms A unicellular organism is an organism that is made up of just one cell. It

is not a plant or an animal, as these are made up of lots of cells.

Amoeba

An amoeba is a unicellular organism that has no fixed shape.

Amoebas look a bit like a blob of jelly. They can be found in fresh water,

salt water, wet soil, and even inside animals.

Just like an animal cell, an amoeba consists of a cell membrane filled with

cytoplasm. Inside the cell there is also a nucleus, which controls growth and

reproduction.

Amoebas move by changing the shape of their body. They can make part of

their body move in the direction they want to travel.

The rest of the cell then slowly follows.

Euglena

A euglena is a microscopic unicellular organism, found in fresh water.

Like amoebas, euglenas contain cytoplasm and a nucleus.





However, they also have chloroplasts, which make them look green. The

chloroplasts trap energy transferred from the Sun so that the euglena can

make food by photosynthesis.

Euglenas also have an eye spot, which detects light, and a flagellum. This

tail-like structure spins like a propeller, causing the euglena to ‘swim’

towards the light. This allows the euglena to maximise the amount of food it

makes.

Name one way in which a euglena is different to an amoeba.

Quick question

Documents

1.1 Cells 1.2 Structure and function of body systems Big Picture … · 2020. 7. 13. · Cells are so small that about 100 animal cells would fit across the width of this tiny full