THE FIRST COI NAGE OF HENRY 11.

By NATHAN Hsvwoon.

IIp O N the death of King Stephen, which occur red at

(j; ,,: , Canterbury on th e 25th day of October, I 154, for the firsttim e since th e Conquest a King ascended the throne ofEngland without opp osition. By th e tre aty of W allingford,

the success ion of th e crown had been se ttled in favour of H enryPlantagenet, Duke of Normandy, the g randso n of H enry 1.

Ac cording to th e monastic historian , Roger of Wendover,

When Henry heard of Stephen's death, he ca me to Barbefleure,whe re he wa ite d one mon th for a favourabl e wind to cross theChannel. Mean while th ere was such grea t t ra nquility in E ngland,as rarely hap pens when its kin gs . die, for th e love an d fear whichthe people felt for Duke H enry, their future Sov ereign. On th e7th of D ecember he landed in E ng land, and was received with muchjoy, both by the clergy and th e lai ty, and on the roth of December,being th e Sunday next before Christ mas D ay, he was sa luted kingwith uni versal acclam ati on , and crowned at Westminster by TheobaldA rchbishop of Cante rbury, in th e presence of th e A rchbishops, Bishops,and Ba rons of both E ng land and Normandy . As soon as he wasmad e King, he began to resume possess ion of th e cit ies, cast les, an dtowns which be longed to th e Crown, to des t roy th e rebellious cas tles,to expel th e forei gn ers, and principally Fl em ings, from th e kingd omand to dep ose ' the pseudo-earls, on who m Stephen had lavishlybestowed almos t all the proceeds of his exchequer.-Dr. Giles.

Although H enry on this occasion remained exactly twelve months111 E ngland, he was probably too much engaged in settling the political

J£

Th e F irst Coinag e 0/ Henry I J.

affairs of th e country to turn his attention to such matter s ofconstitutional detail as the curre ncy, and early in January, I 156, hesai led for Norma ndy and stayed abroad until April, 1157. Duringth e whole of thi s period it would appear certa in that Stephen' s moneyremained curre nt in E ng land, for Roger de H oved en tells us th at itwas not until H en ry's return (although he erroneo us ly g ives thi s to theyear I 156) that " he issued a new coinage wh ich was th e only onereceived and curre nt throughout th e realm. " T hat it was his firstcoinage is clear, becaus e in I 180 his g reat recoinage was described assecunda moneta .

Nevertheless, th er e is s OI~1e little un certainty 'as to the exact dat ewhe n his first coinage was ac tually issued, for although I I 56 has beenusually acce pted as the dat e, Roger of Wendover and Matthew ofWestminster record th e fact unde r th e year I I SS. A lso John deT axter , although confusing it with th e second coinage of I I So, refer sto th e dat e of coinage as I 158. The weight of ev ide nce, therefore, isin favour of the latter year, although it is rem arkable tha t H enry shouldhave allowed his predecessor 's money to remain curre nt and un changedfor more than three years afte r his accession. But as to th e durationof th e issue of his coinage th ere is no do ubt, for nearl y all authoritiesagree that it remain ed cur rent until th e year 1 180.

Although it had thus a period of issue of ab out twenty-two years,we have the records of only five discoveries of it in modern times .Fortuna tely one of th ese, nam ely, at T ealby in Li ncolnshire, containedfive thousand seven hundr ed specimens, an d th erefore, although th eg reater portion of th e hoard was remelt ed int o bullion, the moneyis by no means scarce 111 our cabine ts . The type is asfollows :-

Obverse.-King's bust crowned , with a do ub le row of pearls surmountedby th ree fleurs de Iys, and ma nt led . Front faced or slig htlyinclined to the left. Sceptre to left, terminat ing in a crosspa t tee, sloping over the King's righ t shoulder and held inhis right hand. No in ner circle.

Reverse.-W ithin an inn er circle, a large cross, sometimes a small starof four rays saltire-wise in th e cen tre. I n each ang le a sma lIcross pa ttee po inting to the centre.

D escriptions of the 0JjJe. 99

E xeter.Gloucest er.H ereford .

Ches te r.Colches te r.D urha m.

Obverse leg elld.-+ hENR RE~

N:NRI+ hENRI R+ hENRI RE+ hENRI RE~

+ hENRI R A+ hENRI R AG"+ hENRI R AN+ hENRI RE~ AN+ hENRI RE~ ADL+ hENRI RE~ AND+ hENRI RE~ ANDL

Often colons separating th e words and at th e end of the legend .R everse legmd.-lVIoneyers' names followed by th e word ON and

th e nam e of the mint where struck. In some instances letters orcon trac ted words follow th e nam e ef th e moneyer as + PIRES :MER: ON : LVNl The legen d is invari ab ly divided by a cross,a nd single pellets or colons usually separate the words and often endth e inscr ip tion.

A lplzabet.- X n -B-I: C-D-E E-F-D G"-h h-I-I-L

-M m-N H-O-P-R-S f/J-T-V-V-W P-~-:-fl-.

Va rieties.-Except in the obverse legend there is remarkableuniform ity of design 111 th e coins as a whole, the only th ree knowndefinite va riet ies, all of which are in Mr. CarIyon-Britton 's cabinet,being :-

1. Obverse.- • • • ENR •• E~ f/J. T ype as usual, but with an inn er circle.R everse.- • • • • • • • • • : ON : • • • • • • • • • Usual type. Fi g. 24.

2 . Obverse.- + hE • RI : RE~: T ype as th e last.R everse. -+ WALTER • • • • • • • •• Usual type. Probably of the

Northa mpton mint. F ig. 23.3. Obverse.-• • ENRI RE~ : AN T y pe as last.

R everse.-+ ING".... •• •• RAm Us ual type. Northa mp tonmint . Fi g. 14.

On non e of th e three coins is th e name of the king quite dis tinct.

l1f illts :­Bristo l.Ca nterbu ry .Ca rlisle.

I In Xlr. CarlyonBri tton's collection.

11 2

1 0 0 The First Coi1lage of Henry 11.

IIchest er.Ipswich.Launceston .Leicest er.Lincoln.London .Lynn.Newcastl e.

Northarn pt on.No rwich.O xford.St. E dmundsbury.Salisbury.Shrewsbury .S tafford.Stamford .

Thetford.Wainfleet .W allingford.Wilton .Winchest er .W orcester (?).York.

The C0111S are all pennies of fine si lver, but halfpennies werestill formed by cutting th e penny into two halves along th e lines ofthe revers e cross .

Fi1lds.-First at Royston, H ertfordshire ; secondly, at Bramham"Moor, Yorkshire; thirdly, at T ealby, Lincolnshire; fourthly, atAmpthill, Bedfordshire; and fifthly , at Awbridge, near Rornsey,Hampshire.

There cannot be any doubt that th ese coins represent th e firstcoinage of H enry I I., for it was dis covered by Sir H enry Ellis,

That whe reas the names of th e moneyers on coin s of thi s typestruck at Wilton are ASCHETIL, LANTIER, and WILL EM . There is arecord [call ed the Chancellor's Roll] in the British Mu seum of th eeleventh year of Henry IL , in which th e two form er, who se names are "both very unc ommon, and occur as of this town on no other type, arementioned as moneyers at Wilton.'

The hoard found at T ealby, as previously mentioned, numberedfive th ousand seven hundred specim ens , all of one type, a nd wasexamined by the lat e Dr. T aylor Combe. H e communicated a paperupon the subject, which was read before th e F ellows of th e So ciety ofA ntiqua ries on the 24th of F ebruary, I8I4, and in it, referring to th ewhole find, he stated :-

The coins were as fresh as when th ey wer e first issued from th emin t, yet th eir execution was so bad that on many of them sca rcelytwo letters could be discerned . The workmanship of th ese coin s can,ind eed, confer no credit on th e sta te of the ar ts in th e tim e of HenryII .; yet it is deserving of attention, th at the weights of th em, th ou ghappa ren tly regul ated by a pair of shears, were adjusted withe xt raord inary acc uracy.

I H awkins' Silver Coins of E ngland, p. 189.

Va rious F inds. 101

The following is th e an alysis 'of Dr. T aylor Combe'sprecis e tests of the weights of th e coins in this hoard :-

gra In

each.5 0 pieces were weighed separately and ' found to be 2 2 gra ins100 were weighed against 100, the difference was 6 gra ins.IOO wer e weighed against 10 0, th e difference was 14 g ra ins.200 were weighed again st 200, the differen ce was I I grains.300 were weigh ed against 300, th e differen ce was 13 grains.400 were weighed agains t 400, the difference was 2 2 g rains.50J were weighed agains t 50 0 , th e difference was 19 g rains.600 were weighed agains t 600, th e difference was 6 grains.7 0 0 were , weighed against 700 ; ther e was no difference, ! a

turned the sca le.800 were weighed agains t 800, the difference was 14 grains.9 00 were weighed again st 900, the difference was 2 grains.IO OO were weighed against IO OO, the difference was 14 g rains.IO O weighed 4 oz. I I dwt. 17 grains.IOO weighed 4 oz. I I dwt,IOO 'weighed 4 oz. I I dwt.10 0 weigh ed 4 oz. I I dwt.IOO weighed 4 oz. I I dwt.IOO weighed 4 oz. I I dwt.IOO weighed 4 oz. I I dwt.IOO weighed 4 oz. I I dwt .10 0 weighed 4 oz. I I dwt .IO O weighed 4 oz. I I dwt.

14 grains.6 g rains.3 g rains.

16 gra ins.23 grains.18 gra ins.18 grains.

8 g rains.51 2 7 weighed 19 lb. 6 oz. 5 dwt,

They sho uld have weigh ed 19 lb. 6 oz. 19 dwt. 18 g rains. T hedifference is 14 dwt. 18 gr., which, divided a mongs t th e wholenumber, makes eac h coin to have weighed nearly within lID of agra in of its proper weigh t.

The T ealby coins were handed over to the Crown as treasuretrove, and, aft er a n ex amina tion, during which selections were madefor the British Mu seum a nd for a few favoured individuals, theremaining five thousand one hundred and twenty-seven spec imens, thetotal g iven ab ove, wer e melt ed at the T ower of London.

The law of tr easure tr ove has never been app reciated by thep ublic, who have always considered that unclaim ed property sho uldbelong to th e find er as agains t all the world, save the tr ue owner.

102 The F irst Coillag'e of H eJZl')' 11.

Such, however, is not th e case, th e ownership of hidden tr easure beingvested in th e Crown.'

H ad th e T ealby find passed into privat e hands, probably overfive thousand coins, perfect as when th ey left th e mint, would havebeen preserved for our inspection.

O f th e Ro yston and Bramham Moor finds little reliable informationhas been preserved. But the hoard found at Ampthill numbered onehundred and forty-two specimens, of which, however, only forty-eightwere leg ible. All the coins were, again, of one typ e, and were examinedby the late Archdeacon Pownall, who communicated particulars of thefind in a paper read before the members of th e Numismatic Society ofLondon on th e t 5th of May, 1 862 . In reference to th e irregularshape of th e money, he sta ted :

T her e are not mo re than tw elve of th e one hu ndred and forty-two[coins] be fore me which ca n with justi ce be described as round; ofsix ty-seven mo re, it might be said they are cert ain ly not rou nd ;thi rty-six of the rem ainder approach more nearly still to a rude sq ua re,or five and six -sided figu re[s] ; and four are positively qua drangula r.

In reference to th e analysis the same gentleman remarks:

I foun d the whole num ber, bein g one hundred and forty-t wocoins, weighed 6 oz. IQ dwts, st grains; a nd that, taken in lot s oftwenty-five at a t ime , the sum was thus made up:

First lot weighed 23 dw ts . ot g rai n.Second lot weighed 23 dwts.T hird lot weighed 2 2 dw ts, 20 g ra ins .F ourth lot weighed 22 dwts . 2 0 g ra ins.F ifth lot weighed 23 dw ts, t g rain.S ix th lot (seventeen coins) IS dwts, I 5~ g ra ins.T he mean weight of eac h co in will therefore be a fraction over

22 grains, and the loss in weight on each so me th ing less th an half ag rain, a fact which th e eviden ce of the eye will a lm ost susta in.

The A wbridge find, as described by If r. Grueber, was discovered ayear or two ago, and is said to hav e originally consisted of abo ut onehundred and eighty coins. O f th ese one hundred and thirty- eight weresent to the British Museum, where fifty eight were selected for th e

I See Mr. Carlyon-Britton's paper on T reasure Trove, p. 333, post.

Value of M one)'. 1°3

N atio rial Collect ion. The remaining eighty were subse quently purchasedby Messrs. Spink & Son. O f th e one hundred and thirty-eight coinsexamined at the British Museum thirty-four were of th e reign ofKing Stephen. Of th ese thirty-one were of his last typ e (Hks. 268).The remaining one hundred and four coins were of the coina ge nowund er considerati on.

I t may prove interesting to kn ow th e value of the coins of theN orman period ; that is what th ey would purchase when they wereissued. The pric e of wheat, of course, vari ed with the seasons, therebeing no importing of corn in tho se days. The country was entirelydependent on its own resources, and, owing to the difficult communi­cati on between the different parts of the kingdom, corn varied greatlyin price. Thus in A. D. 1043 whe at was sold at five shillings th equarter, whilst in A.D. I 125, owing to a scarcity, it realized twentyshillings the quarter. About A.D. I [4S forty sheep were valued attwenty shillings; an ox a t three shillings ; and four hens sold for

. twopence; a ram being of th e va lue of eightpence. If we consid er anox to-day wor th £20, and th at it was worth three shillings in A.D. 1145,we must necessarily conclude that th e purchasing power of a silverpenn y at that time was equiva lent in value to eleve n or twelve shillingsof our current money.

The following is a list of the moneyers' names and places ofmintage of th e first coinage of H enry 11. Colons , which sometimesoccur at th e ends of th e legends, and othe r minor details, are omitted,as to g ive all vari ati ons would treble th e length of the list withoutserving any useful purpose. The letter ing is reproduced as closely ascircumstances will admit, but it must be rememb ered that man y of th elegends are taken from records of th e finds in which ordinary typehas been used, and th erefore the distinctions between c and r; (;> andn, M and m, S and ~ and wand P, &c., cannot always be drawn.

1° 4 The First Coinage of H enry 11.

R EVERSE L EGE NDS OF TH E COINS.

T he figures (r), (2), etc., refer to the numbers upon the Plate.

BRISTOL.

ELAF • ON • BRISTOl

ELAF • ON • BRES

RI:CARD • ON • BRIS

RI:CARD • ON • BRES

RI:CARD • ON • BRISTO

T •••• D • ON • BRI

CANTERBURY.

~OLDbAV:C : ON : :CAl

~OLDbAVOC : ON : :CAN (2).

~OLDbAVOCE: ON : lA

RI:cn.RD : ON : :cnl (1) .RI:CARD : ON : :CANl

RI:CARD : ON : :CANT

RI:CARD : ON : :CANTO

RI:CARD : M : ON : :CA1

RI:CARD : M : ON : :CANl

RI:CARD : 'ON : M : :CAN

RI:CARD : M:C : ON : AN

RI:CARD : MI : ON : :CAN

RO~IER : ON : :cnl

RO~IER : ON : :CAN

RO~IER : ON : :CANT

RO~IER : ON : :CANTOl

WIVLF: ON : :CANl

WIVLF: ON : :CANTOl

WIVLF: ON : :CANTORl

WIVLF: ON : :CATO

CARLISLE.

W • • • M : ON : :CAERl

WILAm : ON : • • • .1

WILLEM : ON : :cnRl

WILLEM : ON : :CARD (3).

W ILLEM : ON : :CARDV

WILLELM : ON : :CAR

WILLELM : ON : :CARDV

CHESTER.

ANDREV •••••••1

ANDR • • : ON : :CEST

W • • M : ON : :CEST

W • • • • M : ON : :CESTE (4) .

• ••• : ON : :CES

COLC HESTER.

ALWIN : ON : :COLE

ALWIN : ON : :COLE:C

RI:C • • • : ON : :COLEl

P ••• •• : ON : :COL

PI •••••••• :COLE

D UR H AM.

IObAN : ON : DVNbE

WALTIER : ON : DVN1 ( 5).WALTIER: ON : DVN •

WILLAM : ON : DV2

EXETER.

EDW • • • • : ON : E~:CES

~VN:CELIN : ON : E~:C

~VN:CELIN : ON : E~:CS

~VN:CELIN : ON : E~:CE

I In Mr. Carlyon-Britton's collection.2 Brum ell catalogue (unreliable).

RII::~RD : ON : E~I::E

RII::ARD1: ON : E~I::ES

RII::ARD : ON : E~SE

• ••••• : ON : ~SE

ROG"IER : ON : E~I::E

ROG"IER : ON : E~I::ES2

GLO UCE ST E R.

ADVLF : ON : G"LOE

ADV • •• ..: G"LOECES

NII::OLE : ON : G"LE2

ROBERT: ON : G"LE2 (6).ROB tTlRT : ON : G"LE

RODBERT : ON : G"LOE

SA • • • : ON : G"LOECE

SA • • • : ON : G"LOECES

The Mints.

IpS\VI CH.

NII::OLE : ON : G"12

NII::OLE : ON : G"IPES2

NII::OL : ON : G"IPE

NII::OL : ON : G"IPEV

NII::OL : ON : G"IPEW

ROBERT : ON : G"IP

ROBERT : ON : G"IPE

RODBERD : ON : G"I

RODBERD : ON : G"IP

RODBERD : ON : G"IPE

TVRSTAIN : ON : G"I

TVRSTAIN : ON : G"lp2 (9).TVRSTAN : ON : G"IP

L -\U NCEST ON. :l

XLF. .:. N : LXN . 2

1° 5

H EREFOR D.

DRIV :ON: bE

RODBERT : ON : bEREFOR

. S • • • • ON : bEREF

STE • • • • : ON : bEREFOR

STE • • • • : ON : bEREFORD

ILCH ESTER.

XDAM : ON : IVELI::E

• •• M : ON : IVELI::E •• q (S).

RII::ARD : ON : IVE

RII::ARD : ON : IVELI::E2 (7).RO • • • • : ON : IVELI::E

• •••••• : ON : IVEL

W • • : ON : LANST

L EICEST ER.

RII::ARD : ON : LERI::2

ROBERT : ON : LERE

RODBERT : ON : LERI::2

RODBERT : ON : LERE

RVDBERT : ON : LERE

LINCOL N.

ANDREV : ON : LINI::

G"ODRII:: : ON : LINI::2

G"OTbA : ON : LINI::O

LAFRAM : ON : LI

1 T he Pipe R oll for the 4th year of H enry n. tells us that Richard Fi tz Estrange,moneyer of Ex eter, owed 1 00 marks of silver for a fine.

2 In Mr. CarIyon-Britton 's collection.3 Then called Lan stefandun,

ro6 Tlte F irst CoillCl;g'e of H em )' .1.1.

LAFRAM : ON : LIN

LAFRAM : ON : LINI:O l

RAVEN2 : ON : LINI:O

RAVEN : ON : LINI:OL

SVEIN : ON : LINI:

L ONDON.

ALWI ••• :ON:LVNDE

ALWIN: ON: LVND

ALPIN : ON : LVND'ALPINE: ON : LV

ALWINE: ON: LVN

ALWINE: ON: LVND

DE ••• : ON : LVNDENE

EDmVND : ON : LVN

EDMVND : ON : LVNI

EDMVND : ON : LVND

G'"EFFREI : ON : LVNDI ( I I).

G'"EFFRI : ON : LVN

G'"ODEFREI : ON : L

G'"ODEFREI : ON : LVN

G'"ODEFEI : ON : LVND

G'"ODEFEI:ON:LVNDEN

bVMFREI : ON : LVN

bVNFREI : ON : LVN

IObAN: ON : LVN

IObAN : ON : LVNDI

lObAN : ON : LVNDEN

LEFWINE : ON : LVN

LIWINE : ON : LVN

MARTIN : ON : LVN 1

MARTIN: ON : LVND

PERES : ON : LVND

P IRES : ON : LVND'PIRES : ON : LVNDE

PIRES : SAL: ON : LVN

• • • • ES : ON : S : LV

PIRES : M : ON : LVN

PIRES : ME : ON : LVN

PIRES : MER: ON : LVNI ( IO).PIERES: M : ON : LVN

PIERES : ON : LVN

PIERES : ON : LVNDE

RII:ARD : ON : LVN

RII:ARD : ON : LVNDE

RODBERT : ON : LVN

SPETMAN : ON : LV

SWETMAN : ON : LVNI

WID : ON : LVNDEN

WIT: ON: LVNDE

WIT: ON : LVNDENI

LYNN.

ROG'"IER : ON : LEN

NEWCASTLE. 3

WILLAM : ON : NE4 ( I2).WILLAm : ON : NEI

WLLAm : ON : NE

WILLEM : ON : nnwcns

1 In 1V1r. Car lyon-Britton's collection.2 A William filius Raven in 1 17 0 found ed H ampole Priory, 7 miles from Doncaster.

He is also kn own as William Clarefait filius Godrici, who mad e his escape from Chest erCastl e in 1153, where it was thought he was pr ivy, with William de Peveril, to th epoisonin g of Ranulf, Earl of Chester.

3 The coins reading ON : NE have usually been assigned to Newark, bu t the

coincidence of the mon eyer's name , and the evidence of the coin read ing ON : NEWCXS,are in favour of th eir being given to Newcastle. As to the mint of N ewark, seeMr. An drew's Numismatic H istory of the R eign of H en1'Y I. , pp. 316-18.

1 I n 1V1r. W. Sharp Ogden's collect ion.

The 111iuts. 107

WILLEM : ON : NIVJ:

WILLEM : ON : NIVJ:A

WILLELM : ON : NIVI

WILLELM : ON : NIVJ:AI

W ••••• CD : ON : •• vo : J:: 1 ( 13).

NORT HAMPTO N.

Ell • • • • ND : ON : NORbA

ING"ERAS : ON : NORAM

ING" ••••• : •• : •• RACD~ ( 14).

NIJ:OLE : ON : NORAM"

PIRES : ON : NORbA

REIN • • • : • N : NORb{

RE ••• : ON ..: NORbA{

W ALTIER : ON : NORbN

•••••• : ON : NObA

NORWICH .

AG"ELbAN : ON : NORW

G"ILEBERT : ON : NOR

G"ILEBERT : ON : NORW

G"ILLEBERT : ON : NORW

G"OD • RI : ON : N I ( 15).

bERBERT : ON : NOR

bERBERT : ON : NORVI

bERBERT : ON : NORWI

bEREBERT: R: ON: NORI ( 16).

bYE : ON : NORWIJ: I

bW : ON : NORWI

bWE : ON : NOREWIJ:

NIJ:OL : ON : NORW

NIJ:OL : ON : NORWI

NIJ:OL : ON : NOREPIJ: I

REICDVND: ON : NORI

REINIER: ON : NORI

REINER : ON : NOREPII

RIJ:ARD : ON : NOREV

RIJ:ARD : ON : NOREJ:

PIJ:OT : ON : NOR

PIJ:OT : ON : NORWI

PIJ:OT : ON : NOREVI

WILELM : ON : NO

WILLELM : ON : NORW

OXFORD.

ADAM : ON : O~ENE I

ADAM : ON : O~ENFO

ASJ: • • • : ON : O~EN

ROG"IER : ON : O~ENF

ST. E Di\W NDSBURY.

bENRI : ON : S : EDMI

bENRI : ON : S : EDMV

RAVL:S:ED

RAVL:ON:S:EDM

RAVL: ON: S: EDMV1

ROVLF : ON : S : EDM

PILEM : ON : S : EDM

WILLAM : S : EDMVN

PILLACD : S : EDCD •

PILLACD : S : EDCDVN

"WILLEM : ON : E •••• t

WILLEM : ON : SJ: : ED1 ( 17).

WILLEM : SJ: : ON : EDI ( 18).

WILLELM : ON : S : EDM

PILLELCD : ON : S : EDM

I In Mr. Carlyon-Britton's collection.

" See p. 99.3 Lindsay's sale catalogue, 1867 (unreliable).4 T hese readin gs are upon catalogue au thority only.

108 Th e F£rst Coinag-e of hTellry 11.

S ALISBURY.

DANIEL: ON : SAL

DANIEL: ON : SALE

LEVRII: : ON : SALEB

LIVR •• : • N : SALEB

SH REW SBURY.

• • : SALOPESI ( I9).

WILLAM : ON : TE

WILLAM : ON : TEFO

WILLEffi : ON : TETFO

WILLELM : ON : TEF

WILLEffiAN : ON : TEF~

W AI NF L E ET.

WALTIER: ON: WAIN

STAF FORD.

I:OLBRAND : ON : STAF2 (20).'vVALLI NGF OR D.

FVLI:HE : ON : V ALP (2 I).

: ON: WALl

R •• N • R : ON : TAN3

WILLEffi: ON: STA

WILLEffi • ONN ST~·.·

G"O •••

STAi\I FORD.

• N: STA WiLTON•

ASI:bETIL : ON : PILT "

LANTIER : ON : PILTV"

•••• • IER : ON : PIL ••2

W ••••• : ON : 2TA·.· WILLEM : ON : VILT

E •••••

T I-IETFO RD.

• N : TET

. . • : ON : WIL

• : ON : PILTP

SIWATE : ON: TED

SIWATE: ON : TEFFO

SIWAT: ON: TIEF

TVRSTAIN : ON : TI:

TVRSTAIN : ON : TE

TVRSTAN : ON : TE

TVRSTEIN : ON : TE2

TVRSTEIN : ON : TEFF

TVRSTEIN : ON : TETP

TVRST • • IN : ON : TI

TVRS • • • • ON : TI:

WI NCH EST ER.

ANDR • • : • • : • IN2

bERBERT : ON : WF

bERBERT : ON : WIN

bERBERT : ON : WINI:

bERBERT : ON : WINI:S

bEREBERT: ON : PIN2 (22).bEREMAN : ON : PIN

RII:ARD : ON : WIN

RII:ARD : ON : PINI:S2

RII:ARD : ON : WINI:E

I Obv.-. • • • • RE~ ~NG"LJ unique, in Mr. W. Sharp Ogden's collection.2 In NIr. Carlyon-Britton 's collection.3 In the Roya l Mint collection, where it is assigned to Taunton ; but the moneyer

REINER coined at Norwich, and therefore it is more probable that th is is a Stamfordcoin. In the same catalogue a coin is read REIN • • • : • N : NORb, which, ifcorrect, would be of Northampton, a mint still nearer to Stamford.

l I n NIr. W. Sharp Ogden's collection. 5 See p. 100.

L ist of Mou eyers. 1 0 9

RII:ARD : ON : WINI:EST

WILLEM : ON : WINI:ES1

• • • SnERT : ON : WIN

•• : ON : PIN

W ORCEST E R (?)• • • • • ON : VIP

NII:OLE : ON : PIpl

ROBERT : ON : WIW

YOlpC.

G"ODWINE : ON : EVERWl

nERBERT : ON : EVER

nERBERD : ON : EVE

IORDXN : ON : EVERW

IORDAN : ON : EVERWI

LVD •• : ON : EVEWI

PILLEM : ON : E • ER1

WVLFSI : ON : EVERWI

• • • IFFI : ON : EVEWII:

W •••• : ON : EWE2

Unapprop riatedENG"ELRAM : • • • • • . 1

~IL •••• : ON : L

T H E M ON EYE RS AND T H E IR M INTS.

XDAM Oxford.

XDAM Ilchester.

XDV • •• Glouceste r.XG"ELbXN N orwich.XLWIN Colchester.XLWIN Lond on .XLPIN L ondon.XLWINE Londo n.XNDREV Chester.

XNDREV L incoln.XNDR •• Cheste r.XNDR • • W inchest e r.XSI:bETIL W ilt on .XSI: • •• Oxford .I:OLBRXND S tafford.DXNIEL Salisbury.DE • •• L ondon.E • • • •• Thetford.EDMVND L ondon .EDmVND L ond on.EDW • • •• Exeter .

ELXF Bristol.

Ell •••• ND No rtha mpton.

FVLI:bE W alli ngford,G"EFFREI L ondon.

G"EFFRI L ondon.G"ILEBERT No rwich.G"ILLEBERT No rwich.C)"IL • • •• L .... .G"O • •• S ta mford.C)"ODEFREI L ondon.C)"ODEFEI L ond on.C)"ODRII: Lincoln .C)"ODWINE York .C)"OLDbXVI: Ca nte rbury.

G"OLDhXVOC Ca nte rbury.G"OLDhXVOCE Canterbury.G"VNI:ELIN E xeter.bENRI St. Edrnundsbu ry .

bERBERD York.bERBERT Norwich.bERBERT W incheste r,

1 In Mr. Car lyon-Brittori 's collection . 2 I n Mr. Verity' s possession.

I la Th e First Coinage of H enry 11.

hERBERT York.

hEREBERT Norwich.

hEREMXN Winchester.

hVE Norwich.

hVMFREI London.

hVNFREI London.hW Norwich,

hWE Norwich.

IN~ERXS Nort ham pton.

IOhXN Durham.

IOhXN London .

IORDXN York.

LXFRXM Lincoln.

LXNTIER W ilton.

LEFWINE L ondon.

LEVRII: Sa lisbury.

LIWINE L ondon.

LIVR •• Sali sbury.

LVD •• Yor k.

M A RT I N L ondon .

NII:OL I pswich.

NII:OL Norwich.

NII:OLE Glou cester .

NII:OLE I pswich.

NII:OLE Northampton?

NII:OLE W orcest er,

PERES L ondon .

PI • • • •• Colchester .

PII:OT Norwich.

PIERES London.PIERES : M London.

PIRES L on don.PIRES Northampton.

PIRES : MER L ondon.

P IRES : SAL London.

RAVEN Lincoln.

RAVL St. Edmund sbury.

RE • •• Northa mpton ?

REImVND ~orwich.

REIN.. Northampton ?

REINER Norwich.

R • • N • R Sta mford ?

REINIER Norwich.

RII: • • • Colchester.

RII:XRD Bristol.

RII:XRD Canterbury.

RII:XRD Exet er .

R II:XRD Ilchester.

RII:XRD Leices ter .

RII:XRD L ondon .

RII:XRD N onv ich.

RII:XRD W incheste r,

RO • • •• I lch ester .

ROBERT Glouces te r.

ROBERT Ipswich.

ROBERT Leicester.

ROBERT W orcester,

RODBERD I pswich .

RODBERT Gloucester.

RODBERT H ereford.

RODBERT L eic ester.

RODBERT L ondon .

RO~IER Canterbury.

RO~IER E xete r.

RO~IER Lynn.

RO~IER Oxford.

ROVLF St. Edmundsbury.

RVDBERT Leicester.

SA • •• Glouceste r.

SIWXT T he t ford .SIWXTE T he tfor cl .

SVEIN L incoln .

SWETMAN London.

SPETMAN L ondon.

TVRSTXIN Ipswich.

TVRSTXIN Thetford.

TVRSTXN I pswich.

TVRSTXN Thetford.

L ist of 1I!foneye1'S. I I I

TVRSTEIN T het ford.T • • • • D Bristol.W •• Lau nceston.WXLTIER D urham.WXLTIER Northam pton.WXLTIER W ainfleet.PI • • • •• Colchester.WID L ondon .WILxm Ca rlisle.WILELM No rwich.WILEM St. Edmundsbury.WILLXM Durham .WILLXM Newcast le.WILLxm Ne wcastle.WILLXM St. Edmundsbu ry.PILLxm S t. Edmundsbury.WILLXM Thetford.WILLELM Carlisle.W • • • • • M Chester.W ILLELM New castl e.W ILLE L M Norwich.

WILLELM St. Edrnundsbury.PILLELm St. Edmundsbury.WILLELM Thetford.WILLEM Carli sle.WILLEM Newcastle.WILLEM St. Edrnundsbury.WILLEm Stafford .WILLEm T hetford.WILLEM \Vilton.WILLEM Winchester.PILLEM Yo rk.WILLEmXN T hetford.WIT London.WIVLF Cante rbury.WVLFSI York .

Fragmentary .• • • ADVLF Gloucester.• • DRIV H ereford.

IFFI York.. • ShERT Winchester.

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,\ IAP O F OLD CO LC HESTE I~. adap te d fro m th e Ord nance S urvey hv ~I AJo ,'J ' J, E. 13,\ I. E , R.E .

The .;. nuu-ks t he site of th e Treasure Trove of 1902.