1.1 Birth of Modernity

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Context of studying History Architecture is generally conceived-designed-andrealized-built-in response to an existing set of

conditions. These conditions may be purelyfunctional in Nature, or they may also reect in

varying degree of social, political and economicalclimate. In any case, it is assumed that the

existing set of conditions-the problem-is less thansatisfactory and that a ne set of conditions-asolution-ould be desirable. The act of creatingarchitecture, then, is a problem-solving or design

process. - Franscis D.K. Ching

ramids of Giza, Egypt Milan Cathedral, Rome CCTV Bldg., Beiji


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Chennai

IndustrialCorridor

IT Corridor

!ities are an immenselaboratory of trial and

error, failure andsuccess, in city buildingand city design. This isthe laboratory in hich

city planning shouldhave been learning andforming and testingtheories.

- Jane Jacobs(The Death and Life of Great American Cities )!ity of !hennai hich as planned to gro along the" mentioned axis, has created linear development

totally aligned toards the #outh. This aspect ill bea part of $istory some decades from no hen the


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History of

Architecture andCulture V U!T ! " Beginning of Modernity


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%hich of this is this is #tyle&&&&&&

#tyle is something that shifts over time andrepeats itself in various expressions but on thesame functional core'


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# Gothi$

% Renaissan$e

& Romanes'(e

)

Baro'(e

Beauty Utility

& Cathedral of +ison. # ReimsCathedral,

-ran$e

% Basili$a of antaMaria o/ella,

-ran$e

) Cathedral ofantiago deCompostela, pain


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What is Modern?

Modern

• (eaning) *f hat is momentary+ of the Transientith its opposite notion no longer being a clearlydened past but rather an indeterminateeternity.

• Time is regarded as being linear, irreversible,and progressive opposed to the !lassical ideas of!yclic nature of time

Result

eplacement of !!/I! model of history and lifeith the 0*12##I32 model addressing everyage as uni4ue and unrepeatable and as anadvance on proceeding periods.


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re- s or c erspec ve oTime

Time

HumanCivilizati

on

Percepti

on ofuture

Time till the time of (iddle ages as considered tobe a !yclic here history repeats itself over and over

again. *ing to this reason no importance as given,for it is repetitive in nature and bound to happen in


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Modern Time

#012 BC 122 BC )%# BC

32 45 %12 45

&22 BC " 322 45

&10% 45

(odernism on the contrary to !lassical era, is basedon a notion that Time is /inear and not cyclic. Thisstressed on the importance of documenting the past to

learn and preserve it for the future.


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#it i


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#itruvian$rchitecture• Architectural construction during the classical

time had been based on a the or9s of (arcus 3itruvius 0ollio a person from the oman era.

• $is boo9 The Ten books on Architecture the onlyexisting complete documentation of construction

during the !lassical Anti4uity :oman era; asconsidered as the bible for all constructionthrough out $istory till the beginning of (odernera.

•(odernism has it roots in re


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#itruvian$rchitecture

5. (arcus 3itruvius 0ollio :=>

6! ? 5@ 6!;) omanarchitect, 2ngineer and%riter.

2. The Ten books on

Architecture (Dearchitectura)

8. 2xtensive documentation ofoman building methods as

ell as the planning anddesign of structures.

. The famous story of Archimedes and his bath-

time discovery is from thisB D


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%e $rchitectura5. 0rimary source of

construction from!lassical Anti4uity

". 1uideline forconstruction folloed

for centuries8. Attributes of design

a; Etility

b; #olidity, and

c; 6eauty


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Palladio Classicism• Andrea 0alladio :5@>= ?

5@=>;+ Italianenaissance architect

• 0alladio dre inspirationfrom surviving oman

buildings, omanauthors :especially thearchitect 3itruvius; andItalian enaissance

architects.

Villa -os$ari, &002 " 12


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Villa +a Rotonda


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Villa Bararo


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Birth of Modernism

5. Guestioned the Eniversal validity of 3itruvianproportions&

esult)

0hysical excavation of prehistoric to ancientbuildings and structures to document andunderstand them afresh

". Increased manHs ability to control nature

8. #plit beteen Architecture and 2ngineering as

to dierent elds. 7iscussion began on a 4uestion hether the

(*72N# could not rival or even surpass the AN!I2NT# to achieve the highest ideal of Art.

esult) eplacement of !!/I! model of historyand life ith the 0*12##I32 model

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1.1 Birth of Modernity