Development of

UROGENITAL SYSTEM

Dr mohan angadi

HIGHLIGHTS-functionally divided

• Urinary system

• Genital system

Introduction

2 embryonic structures that play an imp role in dev of UG system

1. Intermediate mesoderm &

2. Primitive Urogenital Sinus(UGS)-a part of cloaca.

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Intermediate mesoderm

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Urogenital ridge

Nephrogenic cord

Gonadal ridge

Cloaca

Development of KIDNEY Three sets of kidneys develop in human embryos-evolution

1. Pronephroi – in cyclostomes & fishes

2. Mesonephroi

3. Metanephroi

ampulla

Development of NEPHRONS

Ascent of kidneys:• Positional changes

• Changes in blood supply

Anomalies of kidneys • Accessory(supernumerary)renal arteries

• Polar renal artery/ aberrant renal artery - hydronephrosis

Accessory renal artery

• Renal agenesis/hypoplasia/ /

hyperplasia

– Unilateral • 1:1000 newborn• Males• Left kidney• Suspected in infants with single

umbilical artery

– Bilateral • 1:3000 newborn• Ass with oligohydromnios • Incompatible with life

• Abnormal rotation/Malrotated kidney :– Nonrotation– Incomplete rotation– Reverse rotation

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• Anomalies of position/ Ectopic kidneys :

– - Pelvic kidney– - Crossed renal ectopia

with or without fusion

• Anomalies of shape– Horseshoe kidney

– Pancake kidney

– Lobulated kidney

• Cystic kidney diseases– Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney

disease

– Multicystic dysplastic kidney disease

Development of ureter

1

• Bifid & duplicate ureter

Anomalies of ureter

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Ectopic ureter-urinary incontinence

• Male • Female

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Development of urinary bladder

Anomalies of urinary bladder • Urachal anomalies

• Congenital megacystis & bladder diverticula

• Exstrophy of bladder/Ectopia vesicae

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Development of urethra

DEVELOPMENT OF MALE URETHRA

1.Prostatic urethra: Above opening of ejaculatory duct

VUC (vesicourethral canal)

Below ejaculatory ducts: DUGS (definitive urogenital sinus.)

2.Membranous urethra: DUGS

3.Penile urethra: DUGS

4.Glandular urethra: Surface ectoderm

It is homologous to upper part of prostatic urethra i. e. above the opening of ejaculatory ducts.

DEVELOPMENT OF FEMALE URETHRA

Anomalies of urethra:

• Urethral diverticula• Duplication• Abnormal commu with rectum• Hypospadiasis • Epispadiasis

Development of suprarenal glands:

Applied aspects

• Ectopic adrenal tissue• Deep to capsule of kidney• Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

– adrenogenital syndrome-in male– Pseudohermaphroditism-in female

Thanku