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Institute of Advanced Studies Australian National University

REPORT TO COUNCIL

Friday 12 June 1998

Chancellor, Vice-Chancellor, Members of Council, thank you for this opportunity to present the 1997 Annual Report of the Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering. The School research, which is administered through eight departments, centres and/or laboratories, is organized into pursuits, many of which cross departmental boundaries and our core research themes in RSPhysSE address frontier issues over a broad range of subfields. The 1997 Annual Report before you records the research and achievements during that year. Now to briefly mention some of the highlights:

1997 was a very turbulent year for the School as well as for the University. I would like to place on record my regret regarding the unfortunate resignation of the Director of the Institute of Advanced Studies and Deputy Vice Chancellor, Professor Sue Serjeantson and to express how much her leadership will be sorely missed. Unfunded salary increases, Government budget cutbacks and the Industrial Relations Commission decision to grant non-tenured staff very significant severance pay at the end of their contracts, meant that the normal functioning of the School became increasingly difficult during the year.

Restructuring is a euphemism for making redundancies, and at the close of 1996 and the opening of 1997 the School went through an intense restructure process. Despite this we finished the year for the first time with a considerable, but manageable debt. This is largely due to the cost of pay increases (including back pay) and of the redundancy schemes that were necessarily implemented. Most redundancies have occurred through the University Retirement and Restructure Scheme (URRS) or by other voluntary redundancies. The overall retirement numbers were 17 general staff, representing 13% of the total, and 5 "tenured" academics, representing 15% of the total. There was also a reduction in non-continuing staff on "recurrent" funding, and the cost of those redundancies stands at -$1M.

The "restructuring" is now essentially complete and the School has been reduced to a sustainable personnel size. With no replacements at more junior · levels for the redundancies, promotions and reclassifications lead to increased average salary costs, thus continuing the pressure on the budget.

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Additionally, the IAS after initially being eligible for ARC Fellows and •. Senior Fellows positions, is currently ineligible and those holding such A fellowships have had to revert to their School posts without other well- W deserving researchers being able to assume such fellowships.

Unfortunately we are not alone in having to severely curtail our research and research training activities. Physics departments across the country are all under severe stress and many are being savagely cut. A survey, which Professor Jaan Oitmaa (President of the Australian Institute of Physics) and I conducted in the middle of the year, found that in the past few years there has been a 16.5% loss in academic staff and an 18.7% loss in general staff across physics departments in Australian universities. Even so, the overall student numbers have remained essentially constant. Since the time of the survey further cuts have occurred and more are anticipated. Several physics departments have lost their identity. To make matters worse these cuts have been unco-ordinated, with no overall strategic planning in place. Each university seems to be downsizing what it considers to be relatively expensive areas of teaching, with lit~le or no thought for the future of the country.

Physics is the basis for much of modern technology and future advanced technology. A country without a strong commitment to physics at the highest international levels will not be in a position to be a "clever country". Australia's support for the physical sciences is abysmal compared with that of other advanced nations and it is imperative that Universities find a means of reversing this trend. The Australian National University in the IAS in particular, with our unique and impressive Major National Research Facilities, is in a strong position to take a leadership role in this regard.

The School now has to focus on increasing its resource base both from within and without the University. The importance we place on this is evident from the fact that I instituted on a trial basis, from 1st September, a new position of Associate Director (Resources), to which Professor Jim Williams, formerly Head of the Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, has been appointed. The aim of his appointment is to enhance the resource base of our core basic research and research training activities. We plan to further improve our interactions with government, business and industry in order to maximise our research resources and to ensure that the nation derives the maximum benefit from our basic and strategic research. A formal 'capability statement' is currently being prepared which will succinctly define the excellent resources which the School has to offer other organisations requiring specialised laboratory facilities and/or training.

A second new position, that of Associate Director (Student Affairs) has also been instituted and has been taken up by Dr Manson early in 1998. This position has been created to encompass the wide range of activities currently undertaken by the Convenor of the Graduate Program in Physical Sciences, but which will go well beyond that program. For example, the new position will include the coordination of the Summer Research Scholarship Program. In conjunction with my decision to re-establish honours scholarships, I also appointed Dr C. Jagadish as the School's Honours Coordinator.

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In February the new Head of Plasma Research Laboratory, Professor Jeffrey iilw'ris, took up his appointment. He is from the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, •A although he was on assignment to the Centre d'Etudes de Cadarache, Departement de Recherche sur la Fusion Controlee in France. In May the $8.7M Major National Research Facility contract was signed. This grant allows for the upgrade of the H-1 plasma device in the Plasma Research Laboratory to H-lNF, a national facility which forms the basis for collaborations, both within Australia and internationally, on research into the physics of fusion-relevant plasmas. The facility is overseen by a nationally and internationally representative board under the chairmanship of Dr Joe Baker who is currently President of the Federation of Australian Scientific & Technological Societies, and ACT Commissioner for the Environment.

The School was distinguished in the past year by some outstanding awards and achievements. The announcement on the 11 th February that Professor Allan Snyder of the Optical Sciences Centre (and Director of the Centre for the Mind) had been awarded the Australia Prize for 1997 for excellence in the field of telecommunications, came just in time for me to announce it in my previous presentation to you in 1997 . This award is given by the Australian Government and was presented by the Prime Minister at Parliament House.

In March Dr Chennupati Jagadish was awarded an IEEE Distinguished Lectureship of the Electron Devices Society, and in May Professor George Dracoulis, Head of the Department of Nuclear Physics, was elected to the Australian Academy of Science. In June Ms Anita Smith of Laser Physics Centre was awarded a Churchill Fellowship, and also in June Professor Ross Taylor of the Nuclear Physics Department received the unusual award of having a planet named after him - 5670 Rosstaylor = 1985VF2, and later won the prestigeous Leonard Medal of the Meteoritical Society. I have mentioned here only 6 out of the 21 awards which members of my staff were awarded in 1997. I refer you to page 126 of this Annual Report, and as you will see from the impressive list, the School was once again was outstanding in its field.

In September the School celebrated the opening, by Professor Michael Pepper of the Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, UK, of the Photonic Devices Laboratory. This new facility is a major strategic initiative of the School and is closely allied to the School's major research thrusts in photonics and materials. The laboratory will provide a central facility for ANU Photonics and bring together the skills of scientists working in four of our departments: the Department of Electronic Materials Engineering (EME); the Laser Physics Centre (LPC); Optical Sciences Centre (OSC); and the plasma processing group of the Plasma Research Laboratory (PRL). The laboratory houses advanced device fabrication equipment including a lithographic mask aligner, a direct write laser system, an e-beam evaporator, plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition and reactive ion etching facilities, and chemical processing capabilities. Much of the equipment was acquired competitively through the University's Major Equipment Fund with significant help from the School and the experimental departments within ANU Photonics. The mask aligner and e-beam evaporator were donated by Telstra Research Laboratories through the Australian Photonics Cooperative Research Centre and we are very grateful for that support. The facilities will allow advanced applications to be pursued and build a b~idge

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between innovative strategic research and industry, a relationship which must rest on mutual benefits.

The leading nature of our work in optics and photonics was further highlighted in the December issue of "Optics and Photonics News", a journal of the Optical Society of America. In its summary of the most important contributions to optics and photonics during the past year, it lists three Australian contributions, all from the School's Optical Sciences Centre. One was from Professor Allan Snyder and the other two from Dr Yuri Kivshar and his collaborators. The year finished on a very high note with the news that Dr Kivshar had been awarded the 1998 Pawsey Medal by the Australian Academy of Science. This is the Academy's highest award for distinguished research in physics by a scientist not over the age of forty years.

Founders Day was held on lOth October and was attended by Sir Mark Oliphant, the School's first Director. Two 30 year long-service pins were presented to general staff: one to Alan Harding who began his career in ~he main workshop, was ACT Apprentice of the Year in Fitting and Machining in 1970, subsequently joined the Department of Nuclear Physics, where he made many contributions to the development of the accelerator facility and detector instrumentation; and the second pin recipient, also from Nuclear Physics, went to John Kennedy who began his career in the Electronics Unit, joining Nuclear Physics ten years later. John played a central role in developing the multi­parameter data collection systems, designed and built within the School.

A workshop on Two-dimensional Turbulence in Plasmas and Fluids was held in June and was sponsored by the ANU's National Centre for Theoretical Physics (NCTP). This workshop, and the NCTP workshop on Statistical Mechanics and Integrable Systems held from July-August, were funded from monies obtained as a result of the last (and final) DEETY A Quality round. The June workshop was an experiment in interdisciplinary communication made possible by the close physical proximity of the Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering, and the Research School of Earth Sciences.

The standing of the Department of Nuclear Physics in research on fission and fusion was highlighted at the International Workshop on Heavy-Ion Collisions at Near-Barrier Energies (FUSION-97), held at Murramarang Resort in March.

The lOth Annual Summer School was held on the physics of novel materials - a most appropriate subject as the physics of materials is one of our main research pursuits and is carried out to a greater or lesser degree in every one of our eight departments, forming a unifying theme for the whole School. The series is for postgraduate students and staff and is organised by the Department of Theoretical Physics (TP) and more recently by the National Centre for Theoretical Physics. It is an important part of the outreach program of the School and allows leading Australian and overseas experts to present short lecture courses on topics of current interest in physics. The aim is to expose physics PhD students to a broader range of ideas than is possible during the traditional research-only degree.

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The lQth AINSE Nuclear Techniques of Analysis Conference and the 4th

•uum Society of Australia Congress were held concurrently on campus in -.,ember. The conferences were organised by staff from the Department of Electronic Materials Engineering (EME).

As in previous years, a significant number of summer scholarships were awarded to undergraduate students from Australian and New Zealand universities to enable them to participate in a research group for up to ten weeks over the summer non-teaching period. During the year the School again participated actively in the Rio Tinto National Summer School for year 11 secondary school students, with approximately 160 students visiting the School over a two week period during January.

The School introduced a program of Honours Scholarships for 1998 and has published a detailed brochure entitled "Honours Program in Physical Sciences" which offers information on the research activities and topic options. Dr Chennupati Jagadish (RSPhysSE) and Dr Frank Houwing (Physics, The Faculties) are joint coordinators of the program, which comprises course work and a research thesis. This is a joint venture between the Department of Physics and Theoretical Physics in The Faculties and the School, and offers exceptional opportunities for students in physics to increase their research skills and to equip themselves for scientific or technological careers in Australia and overseas. The School also continues to increase its effort in the postgraduate recruitment area in an increasingly tough environment.

It must be emphasised that the increased research and postgraduate training activities were only made possible by the success of the School in attracting external funding. About one third of the funding for the School's activities continues to be derived from outside sources.

An agreement has been entered into with the University of Western Sydney whereby some of its undergraduate students can do part of their laboratory training in the School. In addition, many members of staff participated in the undergraduate and honours teaching program of The Faculties and elsewhere.

Other general outreach activities include contributions to the CSIRO Double Helix "Balloon Aloft" Competition, active involvement by staff in the CSIRO Student Research Scheme for small-scale research projects with year 12 students from the ACT and local region, and the completion of work experience in various areas of the School by ACT Secondary College students.

The School again performed exceptionally well in the Australian Research Council Fellowship program. This is despite the fact that it, as a component of the IAS, is ineligible for ARC Fellow and Senior Fellow awards, although it is eligible for postdoctoral fellowships and Queen Elizabeth Fellowships. Of the total of eighteen awards to the ANU, the School is associated with seven - an outstanding result. Queen Elizabeth Fellowships were awarded to Dr Tikhonenko, LPC and to Dr Dasgupta in Nuclear Physics (NP). Post Doctoral Fellowships were awarded to Dr Gulley, Atomic and Molecular Physics Laboratories (AMPL), Dr Wong Leung, EME and Dr Sellars, LPC. In addition two other academics with associations in the School have been awarded ARC

1099/1998

fellowships elsewhere in the University, Dr Y. Chen, EME- was awarded a Fellowship in The Faculties and Dr V. Mangazeev of Theoretical Physics (TP) was a awarded one in the School of Mathematical Sciences. W

It is well known that women are very poorly represented in physical sciences, and this School is no exception. Hence the effects of action taken now are necessarily long-term. As a further mechanism to advise the Director, a Working Party on the Participation of Women in the School was established in 1993, and this has led to the establishment of the School Women's Group. Its first task has been to set up an appropriate mentoring or support network. Other priorities will be to establish relevant professional development activities and to identify job and career opportunities, including positions outside academia. In addition the Women in Physics Group in the School continues to meet regularly, with invited speakers. It is encouraging that the proportion of the School's enrolled female postgraduate students continued to rise in 1997, and about 32% of the postgraduate students are now female. The School remains opposed to recruiting staff or students on the basis of any criterion except m~rit, but undertakes informal efforts to identify and encourage applications from suitably qualified women. Very few positions have been advertised or filled this year, and there have been almost no applications from women. The proportion of female to male academics is about 5% (compared with 1.7% in 1993).

Late in the year in a major School initiative, the School established a Career Development Group, which is convened by a senior tenured academic, with terms of reference to foster and support junior academic staff with a particular mandate to assist junior academic women.

The Minister of Education, Senator Vanstone, changed the eligibility criteria for the ARC Research Infrastructure (Equipment and Facilities) Program (RIEF) to allow IAS staff to apply for funding from the program. The School was very successful, funding being obtained for the electrostatic separator (NP), for a facility for fabrication of ultra-thin membranes (AMPL and Flinders University) and for a facility for spin-polarized studies (UWA with AMPL). In addition the School is the major user of another facility funded by RIEF - a new transmission electron microscope for the ANU. The School relies heavily on outstanding experimental facilities, and in addition to the above RIEF grants it was again successful in winning considerable funding from the University's Major Equipment Fund.

Most of the School's research work has been concerned with long term studies in basic physics and advanced concepts in engineering and these studies continue to produce exciting breakthroughs.

In the final analysis and despite increasing difficulties the School has continued to distinguish itself. It has made many outstanding contributions in the physical sciences and engineering fields during a difficult and turbulent year. I am extremely proud to have the opportunity to present a record of that achievement to you today.

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HONOURS PROGRAM IN PHYSICAL SCIENCES

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·1 · .. · i{,·,_·::r. •; ..; ,·1111. • . .-! l 'h' ,1,·.1. :--. .-i.·:i,·,·, :i!i ,1 L1~ :11 ,·,·rn1 ~ at the ANU. has the foremost

physical sciences and engineering development capabilities within the Australian university sector. Major R&D efforts are focused in the areas of: electronic materials and devices. photonics and optical devices. lasers. plasma processing. surface physics ancf!hemistry. atomic and molecular physics. plasma and nuclear physics. accelerator mass spectro111etry.

The School has a staff compliment of around 200. including more that 70 academic research staff and more than 60 PhD students. Experimental and practical projects dominate the Schools R&D. with world-class facilities which are unique in Australia costing in excess of $70M. The Schools workshops. both mechanical and electronic. are some of the best in the country and are capable of fabricating a wide range of sophisticated equipment and instruments. with particular capabilities in precision manufacturing and advanced electronic control. The School has a record of successful collaboration with industry on projects of major national

significance.

Examples of the Schools capabilities include:

• Unique facilities and capabilities for growing. processing. fabricating and testing semiconductor (optical) devices such as solid state lasers. detectors. modulators. etc.

• Complex capabilities for design and fabrication of optical planar devices and circuits for advanced communications networks. _:-.,._

•A world leading R&D effort in surface (and colloid) physical and chemical processes with direct application in a wide industrial sector including chemical processing and

environmentally safe treatment of waste.

• Development of advanced (thin film and bulk) materials with applications in coatings.

electronics. chemical. manufacturing and communications industries.

• Development of advanced instrumentation for inhouse applications as well as domestic and

overseas markets. such as surface force apparatus and ball mill equipment.

• Development of laser technology and state of the art capabilities for advanced optical testing.

•Some of the most sophisticated ion beam processing (of materials) facilities world-wide.

•The most comprehensive facilities and skills for materials analysis and testing in Australia. covering electrical. optical. structural and mechanical properties.

•Ability to analyse and date both synthetic materials and natural resources using advanced accelerator mass spectrometry facilities.

•Expertise in atomic, molecular and plasma processes with wide application~including gas discharge processes and environmental monitoring. ~

•Development of large major national facilities in fusion physics. with corresponding support

of highly skilled engineering teams.

;. (.

... .. ~

Research School of r I

Physical Sciences and EngineEWng ·

Tht• Research School nt Pll\'sic<il Scienct>s and Engineering at the ANU, has the ioremost physical

sciences and engineering development capabilities within the Australian universit\' sector. Ma1or

R&D efforts are focused in the areas of: electronic materials and devices. photonics and optical

devices, lasers, plasma processing, surface physics and chemistry, atomic and molecular physics .

plasma and nuclear physics, accelerator mass spectrometry.

The School has a staff compliment of around 200, including more that 70 academic research staff

and more than 60 PhD students. Experimental and practical project.S dominate the Schools R&.D.

with world-class facilities which are unique in Australia costing in excess of S70M. The School~

workshops, both mechanical and electronic, are some of the best in the countrv and are capable oi

fabricating a wide range of sophisticated equipment and instruments, with particular capabilities in

precision manufacturing and advanced electronic control. The School has a record oi successiul

collaboration with industry on projects of major national significance.

Examples of the Schools capabilities include:

• Unique facilities and capabilities for growing, processing, fabricating and testing semiconductor

(optical) devices such as solid state lasers, detectors, modulators, etc.

• Complex capabilities for design and fabrication of optical planar devices and circuits for advanced

communications networks.

• A world leading R&D effort in surface (and colloid) physical and chemical processes with direct

application in a wide industrial sector including chemical processing and environmentally safe

treatment of waste.

• Development of advanced (thin film and bulk) materials with applications in coatings, electronics,

chemical, manufacturing and communications industries.

• Development of advanced instrumentation for inhouse applications as well as domestic and

overseas markets, such as surface force apparatus and ball mill equipment.

• Development of laser technology and state of the art capabilities for advanced optical testing.

• Some of the most sophisticated ion beam processing (of materials) facilities world-wide.

• The most comprehensive facilities and skills for materials analysis and testing in Australia, covering

electrical, optical, structural and mechanical properties.

• Ability to analyse and date both synthetic materials and natura·1 resources using advanced

accelerator mass spectrometry facilities.

• Expertise in atomic, molecular and plasma processes with wide applications including gas discharge

processes and environmental monitoring.

• Development of large major national facilities in fusion physics, with corresponding support of

highly skilled engineering teams.