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04/19/23 1
Overview of Drugs in Our Society
04/19/23 2
What Role Do Drugs Play in Our Society- what’s the impact?
04/19/23 3
Is there a ‘Drug Problem?’
04/19/23 4
Prevalence of Problem
50% of emergency room admissions 1/3 of psychiatric admissions 25% of completed suicides addicted to
alcohol Prevalent in psychiatric conditions in
adolescents 56% of domestic violence cases 50% of homicides Illicit drug use is major cause of ischemic
strokes Nearly ½ of all traffic fatalities
04/19/23 5
Hinsdale South Assets Survey Sophomore Stats
December 2009 Alcohol
One or more drinks in the last 30 days?
69% NO
04/19/23 6
AlcoholDrunk 1 or more times in the last 2 weeks?79% NO
04/19/23 7
TobaccoSmoke cigarettes 1 or more times in the last 30 days?87% NO
04/19/23 8
Smokeless TobaccoUsed smokeless tobacco 1 or more times in the last 12 months96% NO
04/19/23 9
MarijuanaUsed 1 or more times in the last 12 months?79% NO
04/19/23 10
Other illicit (illegal) drugsUsed 1 or more times in the last 12 months?96% NO
04/19/23 11
Driving and AlcoholDrove after drinking 1 or more times in the last 12 months?96% NO
04/19/23 12
Driving and AlcoholRode 1 or more times with someone who was drinking in the last 12 months?63% NO
04/19/23 13
Why do people use drugs? Curiosity and Availability To Get High Self-medication Confidence Energy Pain Relief Anxiety Control Internal/External Peer Pressure Social Confidence Boredom Relief Deal w/ Isolation Competitive Edge
04/19/23 14
The worst reason…..
How are Depression and Drug Use Related?
04/19/23 15
Why use? VS. Why continue to use?
04/19/23 16
Dependence/Addiction- person continues to use drug despite negative consequences
Psychological- person believes that a drug is needed in order to feel good or function properly
Physiological- user has a chemical need for the drug
04/19/23 17
Withdrawal
When an addictive behavior is
stopped or an addictive substance
is withdrawn from use, withdrawal
symptoms almost always follow.
Depending on the behavior or substance: sweating and fever restless behavior and anxiety abdominal and muscle cramps (even convulsions) nausea and vomiting diarrhea.
04/19/23 18
Tolerance
Tolerance can develop with regular use. This occurs when the person becomes used to taking drugs of abuse and the drug no longer provides the same effect as it did when first taken. Tolerance can occur with regular use of most drugs of abuse.
A person needs more of a drug to get the same initial effects.
04/19/23 19
What is a Psychoactive Drug?
: Any substance that directly alters the normal functioning of the CNS and brain activity
The major classifications of drugs are uppers (stimulants), downers (depressants), pain killers (opiates) “all-arounders” (psychedelics or hallucinogens).
04/19/23 20
Uppers or Stimulants Ex. Cocaine, amphetamines, diet
pills, caffeine, tobacco, ecstasy Short-term effects: ^ energy, ^ HR
& BP Withdrawal and Long-term effects:
Jitteriness, anger, depletion of energy, paranoia, damage to heart, lungs, and BV’s, depression, suicidal thoughts, dependence
04/19/23 21
Downers or Depressants
Ex: Alcohol, barbiturates, GHB, rohypnol. Opiates can have depressant effects, too.
Short-term effects: Depress circulatory, respiratory, & muscular systems. Stronger opiates initially cause euphoria
Long-term effects: nervousness, depression, dependence, liver damage, malnutrition
04/19/23 22
All-Arounders or Hallucinogens Ex: Marijuana, LSD, PCP, DXM,
ecstasy, psilocybin mushrooms, and peyote.
Short-term effects: Illusions, hallucinations, & confused sensations, ^heart rate & b.p., tremors, sweating, sleeplessness
Long-term effects: bad trips, panic, confusion, anxiety, schizophrenia, loss of control, flashbacks
23
Opiates Also known as narcotics and
pain killers Ex: Morphine, opium,
oxycodone, codeine and heroin
Abuse causes: drowsiness, constipation, slow breathing, convulsions, coma, death
Infected needle sharing with the use of heroin can spread HIV and hepatitis B
23
04/19/23 24
Adam Drewnowski at the University of Michigan researched whether chocolate triggers the production of opioids. Opioids are chemicals, such as those found in opium,that produce a feeling of well-being (euphoria). Drewnowski found that eating chocolate causes the brain to produce natural opiates, which dull pain and increase a feeling of well-being. This may be a reason why we like to eat chocolate! And dark chocolate contains more of these compounds than milk chocolate.