10.4 Slavery and Secession

Dred Scott v. Sanford 1857Lived in free state (Illinois & Wisconsin territory)

Taney court ruled:Dred Scott was a slave and therefore not a citizen so he could not sue in federal courtMore: because a slave is property he/she could be taken into any territory and legally held there in slavery

Which means: Compromise of 1820 was never legal and popular sovereignty is false no matter what local territories want

Chief Justice Taney

“A black man has no rights a white man must respect”

Lecompton Constitution

Lincoln Douglas Debates 1858

• Contest for Illinois Senate seat• “A house divided against itself cannot stand”

Lincoln Douglas Debates 1858

• Stephen Douglas - Dem.• Abraham Lincoln - Rep.

Debate over slavery

Stephen Douglas wins the election but Lincoln and his moral stance is

noted....

Lincoln Douglas Debates 1858

Douglas’ Freeport Doctrine

Slavery needs certain laws to exist - don’t pass those laws and there will be no slavery

Slavery cannot exist a day or an hour anywhere, unless it is supported by local police regulations

Harpers Ferry 1859

Lincoln is nominated

18601860PresidentialPresidential

ElectionElection

√ Abraham LincolnRepublican

(why not “Higher Law” Seward?)

Stephen A. DouglasNorthern Democrat

John BellConstitutional

Union (Know Nothings - Whigs)

John C.Breckinridge

Southern Democrat

Republican Party Platformß Non-extension of slavery [for the Free-

Soilers.

ß Protective tariff [for the No. Industrialists].

ß No abridgment of rights for immigrants [adisappointment for the “Know-Nothings”].

ß Government aid to build a Pacific RR [for theNorthwest].

ß Internal improvements [for the West] atfederal expense.

ß Free homesteads for the public domain [forfarmers].

1860 ElectionA Nation Coming

Apart?

Election of 1860

ResultsLincoln as a “rail splitter” of electoral votesSouth still owns the Supreme Court, House, and Senate.

Southern Secession

• Dec. 1860 S.C. votes to secede.Dec. 1860 S.C. votes to secede.• Alabama, Mississippi, Florida, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Florida, Georgia,

Louisiana, and Texas join themLouisiana, and Texas join them

• Feb. 1861 they all meet to formally form the Feb. 1861 they all meet to formally form the Confederate States of North America with Confederate States of North America with Jefferson Davis as the PresidentJefferson Davis as the President

• Time of “lame duck” president Buchanan. Time of “lame duck” president Buchanan. Lincoln won the election Nov 1860 but won’t Lincoln won the election Nov 1860 but won’t take the office ‘til March 1861take the office ‘til March 1861

Crittendon Compromise

Last ditch effort at sanitySenator John J.

Crittenden(Know-Nothing-KY)

constitutional amendmentproposed:

• no slavery in territories N of 36-30 line but S of

that line - federal protection to all territories existingor acquired later (Cuba)

• future states could come in and choose theirstatus

•Southerners guaranteed full rights in southernterritories as long as they were territories,regardless of the wishes of majority under popularsovereignty

•Lincoln rejects the Crittendon Compromise

Secession!

Dec. 201860

Lincoln In Office-Lincoln wins election with no

southern electoral votes

-Southern states secede in fearof gov’t where they have novoice

-S.C. first to secede, 6 othersfollow

- Confederate States ofAmerica formed before Lincolntakes office

-Jefferson Davis electedConfederate President

Fort Sumter April 12, 1861