10/29/14 Freshman Composition

What to Expect Today

• Pass out Graded Definition Essays and Grading Sheets• Go over common errors (issues)

• Practice Fixing Common Errors• Relative clauses• MLA citation exercise

• Review, discuss, and analyze “The Green Eyed Monster” and “Pride” and complete Response Reading Essays

• Practice brainstorming using Grant versus Lee essay by Bruce Canton

• Peer Review Comparison and Contrast Essays

What to Expect For The Remainder of Course

Date Assignments

November 5 Final Comparison/Contrast EssayQuiz – 75 Readings

November 12 Rough Draft Argument Essay with Peer ReviewQuiz – 75 Readings

November 19 No Class

Email electronic copy of Final Draft of Argument Essay to Instructor by November 19 – no exceptionsLate 10% per day late

November 26 No Class

Work on Outline of Presentation of ArgumentReadings as assigned

December 3 Draft of Script and Visuals for Presentation of ArgumentFinal Quiz – 75 Readings

December 10 Final Exam-Presentations with Visuals Based on Argument Essay

Lessons Learned: Definition Essays

Your Definitions of Courage

• What is courage? Well, courage, to me, is an outstanding act of bravery that goes above and beyond the normal standards of bravery.

• Courage is overcoming hardship. • Courage is the act of overcoming fear when you are

scared.• To have courage I feel you have to succeed in battle and

work through pain the best you can. • Courage is winning, power, determination and, of course,

fearlessness. Courage is more than a word; it is a value.

Your Definitions of Courage

• Courage is standing up for what you believe in even when the majority of society disagrees with your position.

• Courage is the drive within you to continue in spite of difficulty. • Courage is the ability and willingness to confront fear, pain,

danger and uncertainty. • Courage is the willingness to confront fear, danger or

uncertainty. When I think of courage I think of soldiers, fearless, read to defeat, out oon the battlefield fighting for you and me. These soldiers have to display courage and bravery in every battle.

• Courage is strength that people have when they try some of the things that most people are afraid to do.

People You Identified as Exhibiting Courage

•Buddha•Jesus•Nelson Mandela•Ghandi•Martin Luther King Jr.•Helen Keller

•Winston Churchill•Maya Angelou•Rosa Parks•Steve Jobs•Jay-Z

•Muhammad Ali•Sylvester Stallone•Erma Bombeck•Eva Mendez (helped victims of sexual abuse in Sierra Leone)•Lieutenant Kirchtoff (member of the USSR’s Armed Forces)

Good Openings

• Life is a constant fight with ourselves and our surroundings. How far we want to go in life depends on how hard we fight for it. Since the moment we are born, there will be years ahead to struggle with fears: the fear to dare to express love, fear of being alone, the fear to find the unknown. How we deal with fears and how strong we are will lead us to find the real meaning of courage.

• Imagine one day you had to face the biggest competition in your life. What it takes to face that situation is courage.

• Most of the people who leave a mark and make history in this world have a certain amount of courage. From famous leaders to artists; all show some type of bravery that is respected and valued, Without courage you could never know who the best of you is.

Good Openings (cont)

• Courage is an interesting word. Those who have courage are willing to accept change, endure personal sacrifice, and even accept criticism to accomplish a goal. You might want to do something like write a novel. The thing that changes the wanting to do it to actually doing it is courage.

• Have you ever had to face a terrible fear? Or had to deal with pain or grief? Whenever this occurs, one has to reach deep inside them to find this thing called courage.

• What is courage? Are you born with it or do you gain it with age?No one really knows how we come to get our courage. But, personally, I think that you gain courage through overcoming obstacles in life. The more obstacles we overcome, the more we gain courage.

• Have you ever felt afraid of trying something new and then it turned out to be a great experience to have and you were happy you tried it? To me, it has happened multiple times, and those times were some of the best times of my life. This trait is called courage.

Good Transitions

• Through history, public figures and philosophers have dared to share their own interpretations of courage from life experiences. For example, Plato used a few words to describe what he believed courage was. He said “courage is steadfastness in battle.”

• Galileo Galilei transformed the way we view science by challenging the church and its widely accepted viewpoint.

• There is hardly any famous writer who has not spoken about courage.

Good Use of Citations

• According to Dictionary.com, courage is defined as “the quality of mind or spirit that enables a person to face difficulty, danger, or pain.” I personally define courage as overcoming your fears.

Discussion of What is Not Courage

• People often confuse courage with mediocre acts of common decency. If there is a bug in a room and a girl gets afraid and a guy comes along and kills it for her, more often than not she will thank him for his bravery and courage. This is false. He was not brave at all; in fact, he wasn’t even afraid. He squished a bug for a person and that was all.

Common Error 1:

Citing Quote without Giving Sufficient Background on an Individual

Common Error 1: Example

“Courageous people do not fear forgiving, for the sake of peace.” (Mandela) That’s one definition of what courage is. Another person named Maya Angelou said that courage is the most important of all virtues,.

Common Error 1: Fixes

Nelson Mandela is known throughout the world as a very courageous person. He endured the injustice of apartheid in South Africa. He was ridiculed and harassed, even jailed, but he kept true to his message. He is known as the Father of Democracy for South Africa. Nelson Mandela felt that forgiveness was an important part of being courageous. Mandela proclaimed, “courageous people do not fear forgiving, for the sake of peace.”

Common Error 1: Fixes

Maya Angelou’s life is an example of courage. The way she faced and overcame hardship in her life demonstrates true courage. As an African American, Angelou experienced firsthand racial prejudices and discrimination in Arkansas. She also suffered at the hands of a family member when she was sexually assaulted at the age of 7. In spite of poverty, prejudice, and abuse, Angelou became a nationally recognized author, poet, and civil rights activist. Angelou said that courage is “the most important of all virtues, because without it we can’t practice any other virtue with consistency.”

Common Error 2:

Mixing Up Who, Which, That

Common Error 2: Relative Clauses

Example: There is hardly any famous writer that has not spoken about courage.

Common Error – That, Which, Who, Whose

Relative Clauses

• use 'who' for people • Use ‘which’ for things• use 'that' for people or things

Relative Clauses

• She worked for a man who used to be an athlete• We broke the computer that belonged to my father

Relative Clauses

• We can use relative clauses to join two English sentences, or to give more information about something.

• I bought a new car. It is very fast.→ I bought a new car that is very fast.

• She lives in New York. She likes living in New York.→ She lives in New York, which she likes.

Relative Clauses

Relative Clauses

Let’s Practice Relative Clauses

Common Error 3:

Not Leading into or Analyzing Citations

Common Error 3: Example

Others define courage differently. “Courage is what it takes to stand up and speak; courage is also what it takes to sit down and listen.” (Churchill) “Courage is the most important of all virtues because without courage, you can’t practice any other virtue consistently.” (Angelou)

Common Error 3: Fixes

Others define courage differently. According to Winston “Courage is what it takes to stand up and speak; courage is also what it takes to sit down and listen.”

Maya Angelou, poet and civil war activist,, proclaimed that “Courage is the most important of all virtues because without courage, you can’t practice any other virtue consistently.” Angelou exhibited courage in overcoming hardships in her life, including racism, sexual abuse, and poverty.

Common Error 4 - Citations

Common Error 4 – In-Text Citations

Online Quotation Sources

Rule: Use the originator’s name in the signal phrase. Include the Web site title in parentheses.

EXAMPLE:

As the English author, Joseph Addison, said, “Three grand essentials to happiness in this life are something to do, something to love, and something to hope for” (Creative Quotations).

Common Error 4 – In-Text Citations

Online DictionaryRule: Use the name of the dictionary as a signal phrase and the definition in quotes.

EXAMPLE:The Merriam Webster Dictionary states that courage is “the ability to do something you know is difficult or dangerous.”

Examples of Errors from Your Definition Essays

Let’s Fix These!

Let’s Fix This

The merriam Webster dictionary states that courage is the ability to do something you know is difficult or dangerous.

Let’s Fix This

The merriam Webster dictionary states that courage is the ability to do something you know is difficult or dangerous.

The Merriam Webster Dictionary states that courage is “the ability to do something you know is difficult or dangerous.”

Let’s Fix This

In Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone, J.K. Rowling writes “It takes a great deal of bravery to stand up to our enemies, but just as much to stand up to our friends.”

Let’s Fix This

In Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone, J.K. Rowling writes “It takes a great deal of bravery to stand up to our enemies, but just as much to stand up to our friends.”

In Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone, J.K. Rowling writes “It takes a great deal of bravery to stand up to our enemies, but just as much to stand up to our friends ” (163). If citing from book

Let’s Fix This

In Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone, J.K. Rowling writes “It takes a great deal of bravery to stand up to our enemies, but just as much to stand up to our friends.”

In Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone, J.K. Rowling writes “It takes a great deal of bravery to stand up to our enemies, but just as much to stand up to our friends ” (NotableQuotes). If quote came from a quotation site.

Let’s Fix This

“Courage is the first of human qualities because it is the quality which guarantees the others” Winston Churchill. Based off this quote from BrainyQuote I feel Winston was trying to state that courage will always be in the body of the humans.

Let’s Fix This

“Courage is the first of human qualities because it is the quality which guarantees the others” Winston Churchill. Based off this quote I feel Winston was trying to state that courage will always be in the body of the humans.

According to Winston Churchill, “courage is the first of human qualities because it is the quality which guarantees the others” (BrainyQuote). This quote indicates courage resides within all human beings.

Let’s Fix It

“You will never do anything in this world without courage. It is the greatest quality of the mind next to honor.” Words spoken by the famous Aristotle himself and I found these very words off of brainy quote.

Let’s Fix It

“You will never do anything in this world without courage. It is the greatest quality of the mind next to honor.” Words spoken by the famous Aristotle himself and I found these very words off of brainy quote.

Greek philosopher Aristotle proclaimed “you will never do anything in this world without courage. It is the greatest quality of the mind next to honor” (BrainyQuote).

Let’s Review and Practice

• Pass out Handout and Work with a Partner on MLA Citation Exercises Based on “Courage” Sources

Complete Response Reading Activity

• The Green-Eyed Monster: Envy • Pride - Dagoberto Gilb

Analyze Definition Essay Readings

The Green-Eyed Monster: Envy

This essay • attempts to define envy by distinguishing it from jealousy

quotes dictionaries, philosophers, and writers• provides examples of types of envy and stimuli of envy

The Green-Eyed Monster: Envy

7 Deadly Sins

Why is Envy The

Worst Sin?

The Green-Eyed Monster: Envy

Why is Envy The Worst

Sin?

Envy is the only one that involves a direct wish to harm or take something from another person

Jealous vs. Envy

Jealousy Envy

one yearns for general things (i.e., wealth or youth)

Envy is personal because it focuses on self-gain and because it targets specific people who have what the envious person wants for himself or wishes the other person didn‘t have

Jealousy is not always pejorative; one can after all be jealous of one‘s dignity, civil rights, honor.‖ (Paragraph 6)

A malicious desire to hurt others by taking what they have or resenting them for having their good fortune

“Green with Envy”

“Green with Envy”

• Green is traditionally a color associated with illness, dating back to the Greeks. But it wasn’t until Shakespeare that the notion of being “Green With Envy” really started to take shape.

• In Anthony and Cleopatra,“Lepidus, since Pompey’s feast, as Menas says, is troubled with the green sickness.” [The green sickness, being envy]

• In Merchant of Venice,“How all the other passions fleet to air,As doubtful thoughts, and rash-embraced despair,And shuddering fear, and green-eyed jealousy!”

ENVY OR JEALOUSY?

Othello, Act 3, Scene 3

ENVY OR JEALOUSY?

Who steals my purse steals trashOh, beware, my lord, of jealousy.

ENVY OR JEALOUSY?

Pride - Dagoberto Gilb

• Gilb defines the concept of pride positively by describing various members of the community in El Paso, Texas. In showing the attitude of different generations toward work, family, and civic duty, he not only defines what it is to take pride in one‘s community and role in it but also reveals something about the people of El Paso, who are primarily of Mexican heritage.

Set in El Paso, Texas

Pride - Dagoberto Gilb

• author‘s intention is to portray Mexican Americans as people who take pride in their strong work and family ethic and long-standing service to the country

Examples of Pride

• working hard at a job• scoring high on a video game• wearing pretty clothes• graduating high school• one‘s children‘s accomplishments• the land, one‘s culture and history and heritage,• the sacrifices of one‘s ancestors, contribution to one‘s

nation through military service

Pride - Dagoberto Gilb

Metaphors

• ―Pride is working a job like it‘s as important as art or war….

• ―Pride is the fearless reaction to disrespect and disregard.‖

Personification

• ―Pride hears gritty dirt blowing against an agave whose stiff fertile stalk, so tall, will not bend

• ―Pride smells a sweet, musky drizzle of rain and eats huevos con chile in corn tortillas heated on a cast-iron pan – the love of heritage.‖

• Pass out “Grant Versus Lee” and Brainstorming Process a Try

• In pairs, select Reader to read Grant versus Lee• Recorder will complete the brainstorming chart:

Similarities and Differences

Thesis of The Author

They were two strong men these oddly different generals, and they represented the strengths of two conflicting currents that, through them, had come into final collision.

How Were Lee and Grant Alike?

Similarities• Both were two distinguished generals• Both had passion for what they were fighting for• Both were fearless and fought without reservation• Both could inspire their soldiers to fight• Both fought in the Mexican War• Both went to West Point

How Were Lee and Grant Different?

Lee Grant

Aristocracy – old fashioned ideagrew up with and stood for a noble way of life. He believed in tradition, and ersonified that with English knights and country squires. He believed in hierarchy and inequity

Democracy – hope and future of the nationbelieved that status was not just bestowed upon a person, they had to earn it. Grant was not just handed things early in his life. He relied on no one, and cared not for the traditions of the past. He stood for a more democratic and competitive lifestyle

Supported inequality in social structurebelieved that only wealthy landowners could be leaders because they had a stake in their community.

Supported equality believed any man could become a leader, provided he had the ability, skills, and was able to assume the position

satisfied with the status quo, feared change dissatisfied with the status quo, believed in democracy and competition

was an aristocrat from a family of landowners

was a middle-class man from humble beginnings in the mountains

Peer Review of Comparison/Contrast Essays

Homework

75 Readings Plus and Study Guide• Barbara Dafoe “Where Have All the Parents Gone”• Phillip Meyer “If Hitler Asked You to Electrocute a

Stranger Would You? Probably”