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10/28/97 1
ATM and ADSL for High Speed ATM and ADSL for High Speed Internet AccessInternet Access
Luis Rodrigues ([email protected])
ITU - International Telecommunication Union
IBC Asia Conference on
“High Speed Internet Infrastructure ‘97” Singapore, Sydney
November 1997
10/28/97 2
AgendaAgenda Context:
Critical factors towards GIS: Convergence Internet and the computing paradigm
General trends Access Network Technologies ADSL market entry strategies
ADSL and ATM Scenarios ADSL-based ATM networks Requirements
ITU related
10/28/97 3
Driving SituationDriving Situation
Liberalization, Deregulation, Privatization Competition Internet Digitalization Technological changes Consumerization Globalization Mobility, telecommuting
10/28/97 4
The Converging Information SocietyThe Converging Information Society
TelecommunicationsIndustry
PSTNCable NetworksSatellite NetworksBroadcastingMobile Networks
MultimediaNetwork
Equipment
OnlineMultimedia
InteractiveMultimedia
OfflineMultimedia
IT Industry
ComputersSoftwareInterfaces
Information/ContentIndustry
Data BasesInformation ServicesAudio-Visual ProductsFilmsMusicPhotos
Source: OECD
10/28/97 5
The IT
Path
The MobilePath
The Capaci
tyPath
The Conte
ntPath
TheInforma
tionSociety
TheInforma
tionSociety
Mainframe
PC MmediaPC
Fixed MobileAdvancedMobileServices
NarrowbandVoice
Narrowbanddata
ISDN&
Comp.
BroadBand
Paper ElectronicMessaging
On-line
The TV
Path
The PC
Path
The MobilePath
The Conte
ntPath
TVPayTV
InteractiveTV
PCNarrowbandInternet
BroadbandInternet
FixedLinePhone
MobileAdvancedMobileServices
PublicLibraries
InformationKiosksMessaging
Routes to the Information SocietyRoutes to the Information Society
Source: Spectrum Analysis
10/28/97 6
Internet and the computing paradigmInternet and the computing paradigm
60-70 million Internet users Growth rate more than 100% per annum
• Traffic growth more than 200% Public Telephone Network: compound annual growth
of 5.4% (situation till 1985. Around 6-7% today)
Competitive market High stock capitalizations
Remarkable resilience Common standards, technical efficiency Pricing schemes
10/28/97 7
Total Internet Services Opportunity by Year 2000
60%21%
9%7% 3%
Basic Access
Web hosting
Other value-addedservicesSystems Integration
SecurityBasic = $7.1 Biillion
1996 1998 20000%
50%
100%
1996 1998 2000
Internet Traffic Mix
Other
E-Mail and NewsFTP and Telnet
Static WWWDynamic WWW
Multimedia
Evolution of InternetEvolution of Internet
Source: The Yankee Group, 1996
(From top to bottom)
60%
21%
9%
7%
3%
10/28/97 8
Evolution of Internet TelephonyEvolution of Internet Telephony
Now 1998 2010Source: MCI
Circuit Switched Telephony
Internet Telephony andRelated ServicesCurrent PC-PC
“IP Phone”
Projections by MCI:• From 1998, today’s PC-to-PC phone will be replaced by commercial grade Internet telephony.• By 2010, 50% of all telephony will be via what’s called today Internet telephony.
10/28/97 9
The value chainThe value chain
ContentCreation
Content andservice
packaging
Presentationgateway
EndUser
Equipment and service supply
Content Providers, Advertisement Brokers , Merchants Telephone Companies Service Providers (ISPs, Value-added) Cable operators Satellite operators New entrants Vendors
10/28/97 10
Possible market entry strategiesPossible market entry strategies Telecom Operator (telephone, satellite, cable)
Increase end-user offer and relations Capitalize on the access network Provide infrastructure Ammeliorate end-to-end scope (global connectivity) Move to ISP role Collaborate with vendors and content providers
Service Providers (ISPs, value-added) Prepare and adapt to market shifts (consolidation) Flexible packaging: users, services, information
New entrants Vendors
Mix, migrate and extend the Telecom and Internet bridge
10/28/97 11
Pricing: TPricing: Telephone network vs the Internetelephone network vs the Internet
Public telephone Network More than 100 years Mix analog and digial
technologies Optimised for voice
(cicuit switched) Pricing: distance and
duration dependent Uses accounting rates at
international levels (settlements)
The Internet More than 10 years Digital, computer-to-
computer technology Optimised for data
(packet switched) Pricing: Flat-rate based
on circuit capacity No formal mechanisms
for revenue sharing (sender-keeps all)
10/28/97 12
Pricing: Pricing: usage-based vs flat-rateusage-based vs flat-rate
Usage-based pricing works best for/when:
Scarce capacity Short transactions Want to minimize traffic Users are familiar with the
service Cope with traffic priorities Store-and-forward
communications
Flat-rate tariffs works best for/when:
Abundant capacity Long sessions Want to maximize usage Users are unfamiliar with
the service No priorities Real time
communications
10/28/97 13
AlternativesAlternatives Internet collapse ?
Growing usage, investments, commitments Web functionality Electronic-commerce prospects
Internet fragmentation Intranets and extranets Parallel infrastructure with its own tariffs
Internet/Public telephone convergence Telco pricing moves towards flat-rate Internet moves towards usage-based Which becomes dominant ? Telcos ?
Internet/broadcasting convergence The advertising model is adopted to fund Internet
10/28/97 14
The convergence requirementsThe convergence requirements
Corporations, businesses, consumers, residential
PC / ServerNetwork
Computer
PC / NetworkComputer/ TV orconsumer device
Set-top boxor similar
Open Architecture(e.g. Internet)
Proprietary networks(e.g. CATV)
Broadcast systems(e.g. digital TV)
PSTN
ISDN
xDSL
WirelessCable
Cable Modem
Satellite
Digital TV
Usersandservices
User interfacesandterminals
Backboneinfrastructure
AccessNetwork
10/28/97 15
Scenarios for the access networkScenarios for the access network
S e r v e r s
S e r v e r s
S w i t c h e dD ig i t a l A c c e s s
N e t w o r k
H y b r idF ib e r - C o a x
A c c e s s N e t w o r k
N a r r o w b a n dA c c e s s N e t w o r k
( e .g . d i a l - in )
N a r r o w b a n dA c c e s s N e t w o r k
( e .g . c e l l u l a r )
W ir e le s sA c c e s s N e t w o r k
( e .g . D B S )
S e r v e r s
S e r v e r s
S e r v e r s
S e r v e r s
S e r v e r s
S e r v e r s
T V D H T V T VD H T VO N U
P C x D S Lx D S L A c c e s s
A d a p t e r
In t e r n a t io n a l A T M B a c k b o n e s
N a t io n a l A T M B a c k b o n e s
M A N s a n d r e g io n a lA T M N e t w o r k s
M o d e mP o o l s
M o d e m
P C
D ia lu p
F ib e r -c o a xP la n t
F ib e r -c o a xP la n t
F ib e r
C o p p e r
P D CD H T V = D ig i t a l H o m e V id e o T e r m in a lO N U = O p t i c a l N e tw o r k U n i t
P D C = P e r s o n a l D ig i t a lC o m m u n ic a to r
L A N sP r iv a t e a n d C o r p o r a t e N e t w o r k s
P u b l i c D a t a N e t w o r k s( e .g . F r a m e R e l a y )
V D S L
V D S L
IS D N
T A
P C
W o r l d W i d e W e b
I n tern et / I n tran ets
10/28/97 16
Connectivity requirementsConnectivity requirements Large organizations
Very high speed 24 hours connectivity Small business (PMEs)
High speed, 8-24 hours/day, affordable cost “High bandwidth” residential users
High speed, 3-24 hours/day, low cost “Low bandwidth” residential users
Good speed, 1-3 hours/day, low cost
USER ACCESS SERVICES and NETWORKS
copper
fiber
coaxial (CATV)
satellite (wireless)
• Higher speeds• Minimum expenses• Increasing IT dependency
INTERNET
Public Networks (e.g. DATA, ATM, MANs, etc.)
Corporate Networks(e.g. Intranet)
Content, Broadcast, VoD
10/28/97 17
ADSL ProjectionsADSL ProjectionsxDSL Equipment and Revenue Projections
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Nu
mb
er o
f L
ines
(I
n T
hou
san
ds)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Rev
enu
es (
In M
illio
ns
of
Do
llars
)
IDSL Lines
S-HDSLLinesADSL/RADSL LinesTotalRevenues
Source: The Yankee Group (96/97)
10/28/97 18
Copper access (xDSL) technologiesCopper access (xDSL) technologies
DSL - Digital Subscriber Line Duplex: 160K (2B+D+Management)
HDSL - High Data Rate Digital Subscriber Line Duplex: 2 x T.1 (1.544Mbps) / 2 x E.1 (2.048Mbps)
SDSL - Single Line Digital Subscriber Line Duplex:2 x T.1 (1.544Mbps) / 2 x E.1 (2.048Mbps)
ADSL - Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line Asymmetric: Downstream: 1.5Mbps -> 9Mbps
Upstream: 16Kbps -> 640Kbps VDSL - Very High Data Rate Digital Subscriber Line
Asymmetric: Downstream: 13Mbps -> 52Mbps
Upstream: 1.6Mbps -> 2.3Mbps
10/28/97 19
What is ADSL ?What is ADSL ?
Upstream Channelto Network
Downstream ChannelTo Residence
Existing TelephoneService
f(kHz)4 10 f (low) f2 (high)
2 WireTwisted Pair
Frequency Spectrum
f 1(high)
Allows existing phone lines to support POTS (“Plain Old Telephone Service”) and Interactive Services
Services are concurrent and independent POTS has no change - same line Multimedia service applied as an overlay on-top of
existing telephone service
10/28/97 20
ADSL performanceADSL performance
Upstream: 64 to 640 kbit/s Downstream : 1.5 Mbit/s to 9 Mbit/s Speed is a function of the distance and cable
type from the subscriber to the c.e. Typically 50 to 150 times faster (downstream
speed) than traditional analog modems ADSL looks simple but on the inside it uses
state-of-the-art technology DMT (Discrete multitone)
10/28/97 21
ADSL advantages for usersADSL advantages for users
User is connected 24 hours/day User can have WEB site, small LAN Uses telephone line already installed at home
or in the office Telephone and PC can be used at same time Supports multimedia applications Asymmetric speed matches requirements of
WEB access, VOD, teleworking “Per subscriber” line service provides more
security (e.g. for on-line banking, tele-work)
10/28/97 22
ADSL advantages for telcos’ high ADSL advantages for telcos’ high speed services provisionspeed services provision
Uses existing cabling Positions against competing technologies New revenue stream As fiber is deployed, ADSL can be moved
elsewhere Favorable cost of ownership
Can be introduced on a per-user basis Frees central exchange from long dialup
sessions Turns copper into gold
10/28/97 23
ADSL - Principles of useADSL - Principles of use
PSTN(Telephone)
Subscriber at home or in the office Telephone Network Service Provider Exchange
ADSLmodem(NTU)
ADSLAccessAdapter
Internet
Other Networks
ATM orEthernet
card
1-pair of copperwire from existingtelephoneconnection
copper linesfrom
POTS / PSTN
1Mb/s to 8-9Mb/s
64Kb/s - 640Kb/s
Max. dist. : 4.8 Km typ.
10/28/97 24
ADSL versus CATV cableADSL versus CATV cable Phone lines are ubiquitous, cable is not
(e.g., not available at most business sites) ADSL: full use of line’s bandwidth
Cable: shared use (more users connected to one branch, lower the individual bandwidth)
ADSL is interactiveSome cable solutions are not: upstream through telephone network and downstream through cable
Cable: shared line usage leads to security and network management issues
10/28/97 25
ADSL versus ISDNADSL versus ISDN ISDN is a mature and symmetrical service
ADSL is a state of art asymmetrical service ISDN is an end-to-end switched service
ADSL is a local dedicated access service ISDN is limited to 128 kbit/s
ADSL is available in speeds ranging typically from 64 kbit/s to 8 Mbit/s
ISDN is “metered”ADSL is usually flat rate
ISDN is not distance limited and is a very good solution for specific classes of users
10/28/97 26
ADSL versus baseband modemsADSL versus baseband modems
Baseband modems operate at lower speeds
Baseband modems require 4-wire circuits
Baseband modems are also expensive (but prices are being reduced gradually)
10/28/97 27
ADSL applicationsADSL applications
High speed multimedia Internet access Tele-work (telecommuting) Workgroup videoconferencing Distance learning with live video and interactive
participation High speed file transfers (e.g. multimedia, video
clips) Telemedicine (e.g., transport biomedical
images in seconds) Video-on-demand
10/28/97 28
ADSL Forum system reference diagramADSL Forum system reference diagram
TV
PC
Private Network Public Network Premises Network
ADSL Access Network
PSTN POTS
ATU-C ATU-Rloop
ServiceProviders
Online servicesInternet Access
LAN accessInteractive
VideoVideo
ServicesVideoconf.
USERS
SettopBox
PCIntfc
Broad.Network
Narrow.Network
PacketNetwork
Acc
ess
No
de
PDN
Prem.Dist.Net.
ADSL ADSL
10/28/97 29
Traffic concentration requirementsTraffic concentration requirements
Concentrate users Improve WAN links and resources Ensure QoS Service integration
Customer Premises Network Access Provider (NAP) Network Service Provider
Residential, SOHO(ADSL NTU)
ATU-C (ADSL TerminationUnit - Central)
DSLAM - Trafficaggregation
Local ServersPrivate WANInternet
Backbone
10/28/97 30
Functional requirementsFunctional requirements
Easy migration from current access (e.g. ISP) infrastructure
Simultaneous destinations connectivity Internet and corporate networks (e.g. Intranets) Multiprotocol support Security Multicast Quality of service
10/28/97 31
Why ATM ?Why ATM ? Service transparency Traffic integration Network layer 3 protocol transparency Scalability Efficiency and flexibility
Speed granularity Bursty traffic Efficient traffic and bandwidth handling
Low latency Service categories: QoS Low cost performance (bit/s) ratio Evolution path to broadband: e.g. VDSL
10/28/97 32
Frames versus cells Frames versus cells
Cell based ATM (UNI) Frame based ATM (FUNI)
Pro Supports all AALs Simplifies DSL Termination Units Traffic transparent to the ADSL
system QoS guaranteed Connection oriented
Efficient bandwidth usage forlarger packets
No SAR required at CPE Allows CPE to be a modem
Con Cell header overhead and PDUstuffing
Requires SAR in CPE
Requires framer andtransparency function
Only supports AAL5 Specific ADSL SAR functions QoS not guaranteed
10/28/97 33
ATM: Unifying InfrastructureATM: Unifying Infrastructure
TRANSPORT TRANSPORT ATM & TRANSPORT
FR Service
FR ATM ATM
FRCell Relay
Cell Relay Cell
RelayFRVoice Voice
ATM
ATM to theDesktop
Desktop
Legacy LAN
Desktop
RoutersPABX
Other LAN Backbone
• ATM evolution in the network infrastructure
• ATM evolution in the LAN infrastructure
10/28/97 34
ATM TodayATM Today ATM Forum - “The Anchorage Accord”
Alignment with ITU-T Stability - Completed specifications provide the
framework for service and product availability Backward compatibiliy or interoperability
Wireless
BICI3.0
M1M2M3
PHYSpecs
BICI2.0
M4
M5
4.0 SIG4.0
TM4.0
ILMI4.0
UNI 3.1
PNNI2.0
PNNI1.0
IISP
AMS1.0
MPOA
LANE2.0
LANE1.0
AIWXTI
Winsock2
SemanticAPI1.0
TestSpecs
SecurityDir. SvcsFUNI 2
RBBVTOA
DXI
FUNI 1
CES
FR/ATM
SMDS/ATM
Foundation Specs Application & Service Specs
10/28/97 35
Connectivity scenarioConnectivity scenario
Network AccessProvider
ISP (POP)
RegionalBroadbandNetwork
Corporate Networks
Internet
ContentProviders
ServiceProviders
CustomerPremise
AccessNetwork
Central Exchange
RegionalExchangeCenter
HighBandwidth User
LowBandwidth User
Small Business (PME)
10/28/97 36
ADSL-based broadband architectureADSL-based broadband architecture
Business
COInternet
PC-basedRemoteAccessServer
PCClients
Localloop
ADSLmodem
Cor
pora
te N
etw
ork
AccessNode/DSLAM
ATMover T1,DS-3, OC-3c
RegionalBroadband
Network(ATM corenetwork)
ATMAccessSwitch*
Home
ISP
ROC
ContentProvider
*This may or maynot be located in
the CO
10/28/97 37
Scenarios for the ATM/ADSL networkScenarios for the ATM/ADSL networkCustomerPremises
Network Access Provider(NAP)
Network ServiceProvider
Residential, SOHO(ADSL NTU)
ATU-C (ADSLTermination Unit -
Central)DSLAM - Traffic
aggregation
ATM orSDH:
backbone celltransport
RAS - RemoteAccessServer:routing,security
LocalServers
Private WANInternet
TCP/IP
Encapsulation
AAL5/ATM
ADSL ADSL STM-1OC-3
IP Routing
ATM ATM
STM-1OC-3
STM-1OC-3
Encapsulation
AAL5/ATM
STM-1OC-3
WAN Media
LAN Media
Applications
SoftwareAn end-to-end compatibledata encapsulation isneeded
10/28/97 38
Encapsulation methodsEncapsulation methods
TCP/ IP
RFC1577
AAL5/ATM
ADSL
TCP/ IP
802.3 Ethernet
AAL5/ATM
ADSL
ApplicationsSoftware
ApplicationsSoftware
TCP/ IP
PPP
AAL5/ATM
ADSL
ApplicationsSoftware
AAL5/ATM
ADSL
ApplicationsSoftware
RFC1483 IETF Draft
Ethernet over ATM IP over ATM PPP over ATM
Native ATM(Winsock2)
10/28/97 39
WinSock 2 ArchitectureWinSock 2 Architecture16 bit
WinSock 1.1
Application
32 bitWinSock
1.1Applicatio
n
32 bitWinSock 2Applicatio
n
WINSOCK..DLL
32bit - WINSOCK.32.DLL
32 bit WinSock 2 DLL - WS2-32.DLL
WinSock 1.1 API
WinSock 2 API
WinSock 2 SPI Transport Service Provider
TransportService Provider
e.g. TCP/IP, IPX
TransportService Providere.g. ATM
Name Space Service Providere.g. DNS
Name Space Service Providere.g. NDS
• QoS - Through ATM, RSVP, other• Multipoint/ Mlticast• Real-time multimedia commnications
10/28/97 40
Challenges for ATM/ADSL combinationChallenges for ATM/ADSL combination
Static and dynamic connections Move away from PVCs to scale up SVCs - Next generation of NTUs
Flexible IP addressing management PPPATM seems to be the right direction
Multiple parallel, independent IP connections, + security Wait for WinSock2 and Native ATM apps for QoS Integrated network management User-friendly approach
Installation, setup, interoperability, service levels Pricing - Defensive, proactive approach
10/28/97 41
ITU’s NTC ADSL trialITU’s NTC ADSL trial(http://www.itu.int/ntc)
ADSL AccessAdapter
copper lines
ATM switch
copper lines
ADSL(NTU)ADSL(NTU)
ADSL(NTU)
Thematic Pavilion Alcatel Stand
Palexpo - Telecom Interactive 97
PTT Central - Grand-Saconnex
ITU HeadquartersrouterInternet & ITU Network
SUNNet. Mgt.
WWWServer(s)
VoD Digital TV
NTC Lab
INTERNET
ADSL AccessAdapter
ATM switch
ITUnet97
INTERNET
Test usersin Geneva
10/28/97 42
Related issues at the ITURelated issues at the ITU(http://www.itu.int)
Study Group 15 - Question #4 - V.adsl• ADSL - ANSI T1.413 (DMT)• HDSL - ETSI ETR 152 Edition 3• Adopted by reference
Focal point for GII Standardization, Regulatory activities
Publications - Electronic Bookshop International Settlements IAHC MoU Telecom Interactive 97 (8-14 September, 1997, Geneva)