10/28/1510/28/15Do Now:Do Now:- Take out your logical

fallacies homework and pass to the left.

Homework:Homework:- Chill

Content ObjectiveContent Objective: : Students will gain an understanding of The Crucible and logical Students will gain an understanding of The Crucible and logical fallacies.fallacies.

Language ObjectiveLanguage Objective: : Students will review the quiz and homework as a means to gain understanding of The Crucible and logical fallacies.

Name the fallacy!!!

Monday: McCarthyism and Allegory

Tuesday: Intro Logical Fallacies

Wednesday: Review Quiz/Start Act III

Thursday: Continue ACT III

Friday: ?something scary?

Look Ahead:

Complete one of the following assignments. Your written response will be evaluated based on the overall insight and quality of the response you produce. Keep in mind that this assignment is not required though all are invited to participate in this assignment that is designed to extend your knowledge and understanding of the texts we are studying. See Mr. Brill or Mrs. Cetinski before beginning your work. (100 points) Due Date: on or before Friday, November 13th on Turnitin.comNote: Any assignment submitted past the deadline will not be accepted, so do not wait until the last moment to upload or to set up a TurnItIn account. Literary Analysis Essay:Based on our reading of The Crucible, write a literary analysis paper of at least two pages (Times New Roman, double spaced, 12 point) about of the following topics.Possible Topics for your Literary Analysis • SOCIAL DRAMA • PERSONAL TRAGEDY • HYSTERIA • SUPERSTITION • GREED AND VENGEANCE • AUTHORITY • THEOCRACY • JUSTICE   EXAMINING THE HISTORICAL CONTEXT OF A WORK OF LITERATURE: The Crucible was written by Arthur Miller at a time of political unrest in America. A then little-known senator, Joe McCarthy, from Wisconsin claimed that there were large numbers of Communists, spies, and sympathizers inside the United States federal government and elsewhere. Miller believed that the public outcry that soon ensued paralleled the witch hunts that took place in Salem Massachusetts in 1692. The publication of this play ultimately led to Miller himself being blacklisted in his own artistic community. Research the events that took place at the time of this “Red Scare” and write a paper of at least two pages (Times New Roman, double spaced, 12 point) that shows how the events of the McCarthy Era parallels the conflict and plot of Miller’s play.

Multiple Choice:

Compare your answers to the Scantron

- Do you understand why you got the question wrong and which answer is correct?

Short Answer:

Check your scores for each answer- Do you understand why you lost points?

- How could/should you have answered?

Review Your Quiz:

is an occurrence of bad or incorrect reasoning. Logical fallacies are the foundation of flawed arguments.

Logical Fallacy:

Logical Fallacies…

• Flaws in an argument

• Often subtle

• Learning to recognize these will:– Strengthen your own arguments

– Help you critique other’s arguments

Emotional Fallacies: (Pathos) unfairly appeal to the audience’s emotions.

Ethical Fallacies: (Ethos) unfairly advances the writer’s/speaker’s authority or character

Logical Fallacies: (Logos) depend upon faulty logic.

Types of Fallacies:

1) Nine months after George W. Bush took office January 2001, the economy took a nosedive. Thousands of jobs were lost and the stock market dropped by more than 30%. This demonstrates that Bush was a poor economic leader. 

 Faulty Cause-Effect 2) All people have a right to freedom of speech because people should be able to say what they want to say.

 Begging the Question 3) In 2007, carbon emissions grew globally by approximately 8.8%. The following year, cancer diagnoses increased at approximately the same rate. This indicates that carbon emissions cause cancer.

 Faulty Cause-Effect

 

 4) If we allow homosexuals to get married, who knows what will come next? Soon, people will say they should be allowed to marry multiple people, or even marry animals. It would cause a total societal catastrophe.

Slippery Slope5) People in upper management think only of profits and do not care about the well-being of employees and the environment.

 Hasty Generalization 6) Guns are like hammers because both have metal parts, and both can be used either as a tool or for harming other people. It would be absurd to restrict the sale of hammers, so it’s also absurd to restrict the sale of guns.

 Faulty Analogy 7) We know God exists because the Bible says so, and we know the Bible is right because God wrote it.

 Begging the Question

8) We shouldn’t listen to Donald Trump’s claims about the economy and immigration. After all, he’s a rich American.

 Poisoning the Well9) Teenagers are thoughtless and immature. They do not have any regard for global concerns or think about the future.

 Strawman 10) If you don’t agree with the president, move to another country.

 False Dilemma 11) The senator may have lied about his arrest record, but he is tough on crime now.

 Red Herring  12) I really need the job since my grandmother is sick.

 Appeal to Pity  

13) You must believe that God exists. After all, if you do not accept the existence of God, then you will face the horrors of hell.

 Appeal to Fear 14) I read the other day that most people really like the new gun control laws. I was sort of suspicious of them, but I guess if most people like them, then they must be okay.

Appeal to Popularity

Emotional FallaciesFallacy: Definition/Explanation: Example:

Appeal to Fear Attempts to frighten people into agreeing with the arguer by threatening them or predicting unrealistically dire consequences.

If you support the president’s health care plan, you will lose your health care plan.

Appeal to Pity Attempts to win support for an argument or idea by exploiting his or her opponent's feelings of pity or guilt.

I was so sick last night that I couldn’t do the homework. Can I do it tonight instead?

Appeal to Popularity Encourages the audience to agree with the writer/speaker because everyone else is doing it.

You need an iPhone 6 if you want to fit in and be cool.

Ethical FallaciesFallacy: Definition/

Explanation:Example:

Poisoning the Well Attacks the person directly rather than examining the logic of the argument.

We cannot believe the Secretary of the Treasury’s claims because he was fired from his job.

Strawman Exaggerates a characteristic of a person or group of people and then uses the exaggeration to dismiss an argument.

Students want it all: no work and high grades. We should not take their evaluations seriously.

Logical FallaciesFallacy: Definition/Explanation: Example:

Faulty Cause-Effect Confuses a sequential relationship with a causal one and assumes that event A caused event B because A occurred first.

Throughout the 20th century, women rallied for increased equality and independence, but equality came with a price: increased domestic violence and sexual harassment.

False Dilemma (Either/or reasoning) Offers only two choices when more exist. Very rarely do only two choices exist. When someone limits intellectual possibilities, we should be suspicious and try to imagine alternatives.

You are either with us or against us.

Red Herring Attempts to shift away from the original focus of the argument.

I might have wrecked the car, but you didn’t clean out the garage yesterday.

Begging the Question (Circular reasoning)

Attempts to prove a claim by using an alternate wording of the claim itself.

Reincarnation is possible because I know I had previous lives.

Faulty Analogy Makes a comparison between two things that are ultimately more unlike than alike. The differences between the things make the comparison noneffective or unfair, or the comparison misrepresents one or both of the things involved.

A golf caddie and a football coach are a lot alike. Both are there to give advice to the players.

Slippery Slope Assumes that a certain way of thinking or acting will necessarily continue or extend in that direction (like a domino effect). Such an argument suggests that once we begin down a path, we will inevitably slip all the way down. This exaggerates the effects of a particular action or idea.

If the Supreme Court allows the police to set up road blocks, it will soon grant law enforcement fill license to inspect anyone at any time.

Hasty Generalization Draws a conclusion about a group of people, events, or things based on insufficient examples (this often is the logical flaw behind racist, sexist, or bigoted statements)

The best wine comes from California.

EXAMPLE: In support of her argument that global warming is damaging the environment, Susan cites Al Gore’s movie An Inconvenient Truth. However, Gore was a terrible Vice President and his hair looks greasy.

Poisoning the well. This argument attacks to source of the claim rather than attacking the claim itself. Even if Al Gore lied about something in the past, it doesn’t mean global warming is harmless to the environment.