AP World

PQ: What impact did the Enlightenment have on political, religious and social aspects of European life?

MS. JEREMIE

Starter

1. What is the time period for the Enlightenment?

2. What is another name for the Enlightenment period?

3. How did the Scientific Revolution inspire the philosophers of the Enlightenment?

The Enlightenment

uWhat was the Enlightenment?uAn intellectual movement where

enlightenment thinkers tried to apply reason and scientific methods to the HUMAN world as well as to the rest of the natural world

uPeople wanted to build a society around the ideas of the Scientific Revolution

Intellectual Movement

u During the 18th century, certain thinkers and writers, primarily in London and Paris, believed that they were more enlightened than their compatriots and set out to enlighten them.

Voltaire

Locke Diderot

Rousseau

Enlightenment Thinkers

u These thinkers believed that human reason could be used to combat ignorance, superstition, and tyranny and to build a better world.

Enlightenment Targets

u Their principal targets were religion (the Catholic Church in France) and the domination of society by a hereditary aristocracy.

Skepticismu René Descartes, in the 17th

century, attempted to use reason to shore up his faith.

u He tried to begin with a blank slate, with the bare minimum of knowledge: the knowledge of his own existence –

uCogito Ego Sum: "I think, therefore I am."

Examples of Enlightenment Ideas

u Freedom of speech

u Separation of powers: government should be divided on different levels so that no one level has all the poweru Example: England has a monarch and a Parliament

u Natural rights: life, liberty, property

u Freedom of religion

How did the movement spread?

u Salons—wealthy women and men would gather to discuss and spread ideas

u Encyclopedias published many Enlightenment ideas

u Pamphlets and newspapers helped to spread the word about new ideas

Results of the Enlightenment

u Stimulated religious tolerance

u Helped to start democratic revolutions around the world

u Rise of individualism—thinking for yourself

u Rise of a more secular or worldly outlook

Social ContractDo We Need Government?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ttu8va9_x1g

u What did Thomas Hobbes think about people and the need for government?

u What did Jean-Jacques Rousseau think about people and the need for government?

u What is the social contract?

u Which philosopher do you agree with? Why?

Enlightenment Philosophers

What is Enlightenment?Emmanuel Kant

1. What is needed for enlightenment?

2. According to Kant, what is enlightenment?

3. What does this reading tell us about Enlightenment philosophers and their discussions?

Enlightenment PhilosophersYour Tasku Form groups of 5 and assign group roles

u Leader, *Representative, Timekeeper, Recorder, Contributor(s)

u Read the documents associated with your philosopher paying attention to the following:u Datesu Books / essays written u What did this philosopher focus on?u Analyze and summarize the excerpts u Explain their beliefs based on the excerpts

u Be prepared to respond to a set of scenarios using your philosophers mindset

Enlightenment Salonu Scenario 1

u Should the government censor obscenity and violence in books, graphic novels, music, movies, and video games?

u Scenario 2u Should the government be able to eavesdrop on phone calls, text

messages, and emails in order to protect their citizens?

u Scenario 3u Views on societal equality concerning

u Education

u Gender

u Religion

u Social class

Role of Women During the Enlightenment

Salons and Their Hostesses

u The salons were cultural institutions dating back to the early 17th century, extending from the institutionalized court where royal women had entertained the city elite.

u Parisian salons were distinguished from all-male literary circles and the society of cabarets and cafes, for they were dominated by women.

u Aristocratic and upper bourgeoisie women, called salonnieres organized and ran the salons from their homes. They set the tone and goals of the gatherings and helped bring writers, artists, philosophers, and other various patrons together.

u Enlightenment salons brought a new element of “seriousness and regularity” to the salon as they formed the social base of the Republic of Letters and thus contributed to the social project of Enlightenment.

Enlightenment Salonu In your groups, prepare for the salon. Your representative will

speak for the group.

u Rules:u You must stay in character…

u How would your philosopher’s beliefs shape their response to the scenarios?

u How would your philosopher react to what another philosopher is saying?

u Be polite! Philosophers were combative intellectually, but always followed strict etiquette

u According to [Philosopher A] …, yet…

u While I appreciate what [Philosopher Y] has said…

u I agree with [Philosopher D] because…

Enlightenment Salonu Scenario 1

u Should the government censor obscenity and violence in books, graphic novels, music, movies, and video games?

u Scenario 2u Should the government be able to eavesdrop on phone calls, text

messages, and emails in order to protect their citizens?

u Scenario 3u Views on societal equality concerning

u Education

u Gender

u Religion

u Social class

Starter - Reflectionu Using your notes and knowledge of world history, answer the

following prompt:

What impact did the Enlightenment have on political, religious and social aspects of European life?

EQ: HOW DID THE ENLIGHTENMENT SHAPE THE REVOLUTIONARY SPIRIT OF THE 18TH CENTURY?

European Enlightenment & the Revolutionary Spirit

Overview

u The eighteenth century marked the beginning of an intense period of revolution and rebellion against existing governments, and the establishment of new nation-states around the world.

u Enlightenment thought and the resistance of colonized peoples to imperial centers shaped this revolutionary activity. These rebellions sometimes resulted in the formation of new states and stimulated the development of new ideologies.

u These new ideas in turn further stimulated the revolutionary and anti-imperial tendencies of this period.

Influence of the Enlightenment

u Political philosophies of the Enlightenment fueled revolution in the Americas and France.

u Thomas Jefferson’s Declaration of Independence incorporated Enlightenment ideas.

u The Constitution of the United States of America and Bill of Rights incorporated Enlightenment ideas

Revolutions Activity Groups

American Revolution

French Revolution

Haitian Revolution

Latin American Revolutions

The Age of Revolutions(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FRGq4megkOQ)

uWhat sparked the revolutionary spirit in the 18th century?

Activity #2: Revolutionary Spirit

u Your Task:u Part I- Listen to the song clip of La Marseillaise. What do you think the

song is about? What is the mood of the song?

u Part II- Read the lyrics for La Marseillaise. Pick one quote and fill in the graphic organizer.

u Part III- Exchange your graphic organizer with a partner for feedback. Write your partner’s initials.

u Feedback could be: a response to the quote, a response to the visualization of the quote, answering the question, etc…