1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

What do you know?

1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 3

• What is the process of bone formation?• What are the structures of the long

bones?• What are the structures of the skeletal

system?

1.02 Remember the structures

of the skeletal system

Essential Standards:

Bone formation

1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 4

Microscopic mature bone cells

Identify the osteocytes.

Osteo = boneCyte = cell

Bone formation

� Ossification – new minerals deposit to form bone

� Discuss the process of ossification?

� How do we know ossification occurs?

� Example1.02 Remember the structures of

the skeletal system 5

Bone formation

� Ossification –

� Minerals replace previously formed cartilage.

� Infants bones are soft and pliable because of incomplete ossification.

� As bones ossify, they become hard.

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Bone formation

� How do we know ossification occurs?

� Long bones grow in length and ossify from the center to the ends.

� Give examples of ossification.

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Bone formation

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Bone formation

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Types of Bones

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Discuss their possible function based on

appearance.

Types of Bones

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Long bones

• Found in the arms and legs

Types of Bones

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Flat bones

• Bones of the skull• Ribs

Types of Bones

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Irregular bones

• Spinal column

Types of Bones

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Short bones

• Wrist

Structures of long bones

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Identify structures

of the long

bones.

Compare spongy bone to compact

bone.

Structure of the long bones

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Compare structures of the long

bones.

Discuss the importance of having both types

of bone tissue.

Axial Skeleton

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The axial skeleton is blue.

Axial Skeleton

� Skull frontal view

� See Page 89

� Identify the structures of the frontal view of the skull.

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Axial Skeleton

� Skull lateral view

� Identify the structures of the lateral view of the skull.

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Axial Skeleton

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� Skull superior

view

Axial Skeleton

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� Skull lateral

view

Axial Skelton

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� Hyoid Bone

� What is unique about the hyoid bone?

Axial Skeleton

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� Spinal column

� Identify the structures of the spinal vertebra.

Vertebral Structure

Axial Skeleton

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� Spinal column

� Identify the vertebrae in the spinal column.

� (page 90)

Axial Skeleton

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� Spinal column

� Identify the vertebrae in this x-ray.

Appendicular Skeleton

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The appendicular skeleton is beige.

Appendicular Skeleton

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� Shoulder girdle

� Identify the structures of the shoulder girdle and upper extremities.

Appendicular Skeleton

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� Shoulder girdle

� Identify the structures of the shoulder girdle and upper extremities.

� See pages 90-91

Appendicular Skeleton

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� Pelvic girdle� Identify the

structures of the pelvic girdle and lower extremities.

� See page 93

Appendicular Skeleton

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� Identify the structures of the lower extremities.

� See pages 93-94

Appendicular Skeleton

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� Pelvis

� Identify the structures of the pelvis.

Appendicular Skeleton

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� Pelvic girdle

� Identify the structures of the pelvic girdle and lower extremities.

Appendicular Skeleton

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� Pelvic girdle

� Compare the male and female pelvis.

Copyright Pearson Education, Inc.

Joints:

Diarthroses

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Joints

� Diarthroses = moveable joints

� Three main parts: articular cartilage, a bursa (joint capsule), and synovial (joint) cavity

� Four types

� Ball and socket

� Hinge

� Pivot

� Gliding (page 96)

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Joints

� Ball and socket

� One bone has a ball at one end

� The other has a concave socket

� Allows for the greatest range of motion

� Ex: shoulder

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Joints:

Diarthroses

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� Example of a ball and socket joint.

Joints

� Hinge joint

� Move in one direction

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Joints:

Diarthroses

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� Example of a hinge joint.

� Define uniaxial.

Joints

� Pivot joints

� Bones that rotate across each other

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Joints:

Diarthroses

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� Identify the pivot joints in this x-ray.

� Identify other pivot joints.

Joints

� Gliding joint

� Bones with flat surfaces that slide across each other

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Joints

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� Example of gliding joint

� Give examples not pictured here

Joints

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� Amphiarthroses

� Partially movable joints

Joints

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� Synarthroses

� Immovable joints

� Connected by fibrous connective tissue

Bursa and

Synovial Membrane

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� Bursa

� Fluid-filled sac that contains the synovial membrane

� Lined by synovial membrane

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� Synovial membrane

� Capsule that encloses a joint

� Lines the bursa

� Contains synovial fluid

Bursa and

Synovial Membrane

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• What is the process of bone formation?• What are the structures of the long bones?• What are the structures of the skeletal

system?

1.02 Remember the structures ofthe skeletal system

Essential Standards:

1.02 Remember the structures of the

skeletal system

The EndThe EndThe EndThe End

1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 49