10.14 Inundation, Fire, Etc. - People v. Malngan

7/25/2019 10.14 Inundation, Fire, Etc. - People v. Malngan

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294SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATEDPeople vs. MalnganG.R. No. 170470. Septe!e" 2#$ 200#.%PEOP&E O' T(E P()&)PP)NES$ appellee$ vs. EDNA MA&NGAN * MA+O$

appellant.C",,nal &a- A"son (o,/,e Te"e ,s no /ople /",e o3 a"son-,t 5lt,ple6 o,/,eA"t. 820 o3 te Rev,se Penal Coe RPC6$as aene$ -,t "espe/t to est"5/t,ve a"son$ an te p"ov,s,ons o3PD No. 1#18 "espe/t,ng ote" /ases o3 a"son p"ov,e onl* onepenalt* 3o" te /o,ss,on o3 a"son$ -ete" /ons,e"e est"5/t,veo" ote"-,se$ -e"e eat "es5lts te"e3"o.Te )n3o"at,on ,nt,s /ase e""oneo5sl* /a"ge a//5seappellant -,t a /ople/",e$ ,.e.$ A"son -,t M5lt,ple (o,/,e. P"esentl*$ te"e a"e t-o 26la-s tat gove"n te /",e o3 a"son -e"e eat "es5lts te"e3"oA"t,/le 820 o3 te Rev,se Penal Coe RPC6$ as aene !*Rep5!l,/ A/t RA6 No. 7#:9$ an Se/t,on : o3 P"es,ent,al De/"eePD6 No. 1#18$ ;5ote e"e5ne"$ to -,t< Rev,se Penal Coe< ART.820. Dest"5/t,ve A"son. )3 as a /onse;5en/e o3 te/o,ss,on o3 an* o3 te a/ts penal,=e 5ne" t,s A"t,/le$ eat"es5lts$ te anato"* penalt* o3 eat sall !e ,pose.>Epas,s s5ppl,e.? P"es,ent,al De/"ee No. 1#18< SEC. :. @e"eDeat Res5lts 3"o A"son.)3 !* "eason o3 o" on te o//as,on o3 tea"son eat "es5lts$ te penalt* o3 "e/l5s,on pe"pet5a to eat sall!e ,pose. >Epas,s s5ppl,e.? A"t. 820 o3 te RPC$ as aene$-,t "espe/t to est"5/t,ve a"son$ an te p"ov,s,ons o3 PD No. 1#18

"espe/t,ng ote" /ases o3 a"son p"ov,e onl* one penalt* 3o" te/o,ss,on o3 a"son$ -ete" /ons,e"e est"5/t,ve o" ote"-,se$-e"e eat "es5lts te"e3"o. Te "a,son Bt"e ,s tat a"son ,s,tsel3 te en an eat ,s s,pl* te /onse;5en/e.Sae Sae Sae )n /ases -e"e !ot !5"n,ng an eat o//5"$,n o"e" to ete",ne -at /",e/",es -as-e"e pe"pet"ate-ete" a"son$ 5"e"$ o" a"son an o,/,e5"e"$ ,t ,s e",g5e5" to as/e"ta,n te a,n

% EN ANC.

29:

FO&. :08$ SEPTEMER 2#$ 200#29:People vs. Malngano!e/t,ve o3 te ale3a/to".)n /ases -e"e !ot !5"n,ng an eato//5"$ ,n o"e" to ete",ne -at /",e/",es -as-e"epe"pet"ate-ete" a"son$ 5"e" o" a"son an o,/,e5"e"$,t ,s e ",g5e5" to as/e"ta,n te a,n o!e/t,ve o3 te ale3a/to"< a6,3 te a,n o!e/t,ve ,s te !5"n,ng o3 te !5,l,ng o" e,H/e$ !5t

eat "es5lts !* "eason o" on te o//as,on o3 a"son$ te /",e ,ss,pl* a"son$ an te "es5lt,ng o,/,e ,s a!so"!e !6 ,3$ on te


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ote" an$ te a,n o!e/t,ve ,s to I,ll a pa"t,/5la" pe"son -o a*!e ,n a !5,l,ng o" e,H/e$ -en H"e ,s "eso"te to as te eans toa//opl,s s5/ goal te /",e /o,tte ,s 5"e" onl* lastl*$ /6,3 te o!e/t,ve ,s$ l,Ie-,se$ to I,ll a pa"t,/5la" pe"son$ an ,n 3a/t teoJene" as al"ea* one so$ !5t H"e ,s "eso"te to as a eans to

/ove" 5p te I,ll,ng$ ten te"e a"e t-o sepa"ate an ,st,n/t /",es/o,tteo,/,e5"e" an a"son.Sae @,tnesses Te /"e,!,l,t* g,ven !* t",al /o5"ts to p"ose/5t,on-,tnesses ,s an ,po"tant aspe/t o3 ev,en/e -,/ appellate /o5"ts/an "el* on !e/a5se o3 ,ts 5n,;5e oppo"t5n,t* to o!se"ve te$pa"t,/5la"l* te," eeano"$ /on5/t$ an att,t5e$ 5",ng te ,"e/tan /"ossea,nat,on !* /o5nsels.All te -,tnesses a"e ,n a//o"tat a//5seappellantKs ag,tate appea"an/e -as o5t o3 teo",na"*. Rea"Ia!l*$ se as neve" en,e t,s o!se"vat,on. @eg,ve g"eat -e,gt to te Hn,ngs o3 te RTC an so a//o" /"een/eto te test,on,es o3 te p"ose/5t,on -,tnesses as ,t a teoppo"t5n,t* to o!se"ve te ,"e/tl*. Te /"e,!,l,t* g,ven !* t",al/o5"ts to p"ose/5t,on -,tnesses ,s an ,po"tant aspe/t o3 ev,en/e-,/ appellate /o5"ts /an "el* on !e/a5se o3 ,ts 5n,;5e oppo"t5n,t*to o!se"ve te$ pa"t,/5la"l* te," eeano"$ /on5/t$ an att,t5e$5",ng te ,"e/t an /"ossea,nat,on !* /o5nsels. (e"e$ Re,g,oe"na"o$ Rolano G"5ta an Me"/e,ta Meno=a a"e ,s,nte"este-,tnesses an te"e ,s not an ,ota o3 ev,en/e ,n te "e/o"s to,n,/ate tat te* a"e s5!o"ne -,tnesses. Te "e/o"s o3 te RTCeven so- tat Re,g,o e"na"o$ te a"anga* Ca,"an$ Iepta//5seappellant 3"o !e,ng a5le !* te ang"* /"o- o5ts,e o3

te !a"anga* all.Sae Sae @e"e te e3ense 3a,le to so- an* ev,l o" ,p"ope"ot,ve on te pa"t o3 te p"ose/5t,on -,tnesses$ te p"es5pt,on ,stat te," test,on,es a"e t"5e an t5s ent,tle to 35ll 3a,t an/"een/e.A//5seappellant as not so-n an* /opell,ng "eason-* te -,tnesses p"esente -o5l openl*$ p5!l,/l* an el,!e"atel*l,e o" /on/o/t a sto"*$ to sen an ,nno/ent pe"son to a,l all te -,leIno-,ng tat te "eal ale3a/to" "ea,ns at la"ge. S5/ p"opos,t,oneHes log,/. An -e"e te e3ense 3a,le to so- an* ev,l o",p"ope" ot,ve on te pa"t o3 te p"ose/5t,on -,tnesses$ te29#

29#SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATEDPeople vs. Malnganp"es5pt,on ,s tat te," test,on,es a"e t"5e an t5s ent,tle to35ll 3a,t an /"een/e.Sae Sae Sae C,"/5stant,al Ev,en/e Re;5,s,tes @o"s anP"ases C,"/5stant,al ev,en/e ,s tat ev,en/e -,/ p"oves a3a/t o" se",es o3 3a/ts 3"o -,/ te 3a/ts ,n ,ss5e a* !eesta!l,se !* ,n3e"en/e,t ,s 3o5ne on epe",en/e an o!se"ve

3a/ts an /o,n/,en/es esta!l,s,ng a /onne/t,on !et-een teIno-n an p"oven 3a/ts an te 3a/ts so5gt to !e p"ove.@,le


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te p"ose/5t,on -,tnesses , not see a//5seappellant a/t5all*sta"t,ng te H"e tat !5"ne seve"al o5ses an I,lle te Sepa"a3a,l*$ e" g5,lt a* st,ll !e esta!l,se t"o5g /,"/5stant,alev,en/e p"ov,e tat< 16 te"e ,s o"e tan one /,"/5stan/e 26te 3a/ts 3"o -,/ te ,n3e"en/es a"e e",ve a"e p"oven an$ 86

te /o!,nat,on o3 all te /,"/5stan/es ,s s5/ as to p"o5/e/onv,/t,on !e*on "easona!le o5!t. C,"/5stant,al ev,en/e ,s tatev,en/e -,/ p"oves a 3a/t o" se",es o3 3a/ts 3"o -,/ te 3a/ts,n ,ss5e a* !e esta!l,se !* ,n3e"en/e. )t ,s 3o5ne onepe",en/e an o!se"ve 3a/ts an /o,n/,en/es esta!l,s,ng a/onne/t,on !et-een te Ino-n an p"oven 3a/ts an te 3a/tsso5gt to !e p"ove. )n o"e" to !",ng a!o5t a /onv,/t,on$ te/,"/5stant,al ev,en/e p"esente 5st /onst,t5te an 5n!"oIen/a,n$ -,/ leas to one 3a," an "easona!le /on/l5s,on po,nt,ng tote a//5se$ to te e/l5s,on o3 ote"s$ as te g5,lt* pe"son.Sae R,gts o3 S5spe/ts M,"ana Do/t",ne Et"a5,/,alCon3ess,ons Re;5,s,tes 3o" A,ss,!,l,t*.@e ave el tat tea!ove;5ote p"ov,s,on appl,es to te stage o3 /5sto,al,nvest,gat,on-en te ,nvest,gat,on ,s no longe" a gene"al ,n;5,"*,nto an 5nsolve /",e !5t sta"ts to 3o/5s on a pa"t,/5la" pe"son asa s5spe/t. Sa, /onst,t5t,onal g5a"antee as also !een etene tos,t5at,ons ,n -,/ an ,n,v,5al as not !een 3o"all* a""este !5tas e"el* !een L,nv,te 3o" ;5est,on,ng. To !e a,ss,!le ,nev,en/e aga,nst an a//5se$ te et"a5,/,al /on3ess,ons ae5st sat,s3* te 3ollo-,ng "e;5,"eents< 16 ,t 5st !e vol5nta"* 26,t 5st !e ae -,t te ass,stan/e o3 /opetent an ,nepenent

/o5nsel 86 ,t 5st !e ep"ess an 46 ,t 5st !e ,n -",t,ng.Sae Sae Sae Sae A"g5a!l*$ te !a"anga* tanos$,n/l5,ng te a"anga* Ca,"an$ a* !e eee as la-en3o"/eent o/e"s 3o" p5"poses o3 appl*,ng A"t,/le )))$ Se/t,on1216 an 86$ o3 te Const,t5t,onte /on3ess,on o3 a//5se$ g,vento te a"anga* Ca,"an$ as -ell as te l,gte" 3o5n !* te latte",n e" !ag a"e ,na,ss,!le ,n ev,en/e aga,nst e" as s5/ -e"eo!ta,ne ,n v,olat,on o3 e" /onst,t5t,onal ",gts.A"g5a!l*$ te!a"anga* tanos$ ,n/l5,ng te a"anga* Ca,"an$ ,n t,spa"t,/5la" ,nstan/e$ a* !e eee as la- en3o"/eent o/e" 3o"p5"poses o3 appl*,ng A"t,/le

297

FO&. :08$ SEPTEMER 2#$ 200#297People vs. Malngan)))$ Se/t,on 1216 an 86$ o3 te Const,t5t,on. @en a//5seappellant -as !"o5gt to te !a"anga* all ,n te o"n,ng o3 2an5a"* 2001$ se -as al"ea* a s5spe/t$ a/t5all* te onl* one$ ,nte H"e tat est"o*e seve"al o5ses as -ell as I,lle te -ole3a,l* o3 Ro!e"to Sepa"a$ S". Se -as$ te"e3o"e$ al"ea* 5ne"

/5sto,al ,nvest,gat,on an te ",gts g5a"antee !* A"t,/le )))$Se/t,on 1216$ o3 te Const,t5t,on so5l ave al"ea* !een


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o!se"ve o" appl,e to e". A//5seappellantKs /on3ess,on toa"anga* Ca,"an Re,g,o e"na"o -as ae ,n "esponse to teL,nte""ogat,on ae !* te latte"a,ttel* /on5/te -,to5tH"st ,n3o",ng a//5seappellant o3 e" ",gts 5ne" te Const,t5t,ono" one ,n te p"esen/e o3 /o5nsel. 'o" t,s "eason$ te /on3ess,on

o3 a//5seappellant$ g,ven to a"anga* Ca,"an Re,g,oe"na"o$ as -ell as te l,gte" 3o5n !* te latte" ,n e" !ag a"e,na,ss,!le ,n ev,en/e aga,nst e" as s5/ -e"e o!ta,ne ,nv,olat,on o3 e" /onst,t5t,onal ",gts.Sae Sae Sae Sae )t so5l -ell !e "e/alle tat te/onst,t5t,onal sa3eg5a"s 5",ng /5sto,al ,nvest,gat,ons o notappl* to tose not el,/,te t"o5g ;5est,on,ng !* te pol,/e o" te,"agents !5t g,ven ,n an o",na"* anne" -e"e!* te a//5seve"!all* a,ts to av,ng /o,tte te oJense as -at appenete ,ll o3 R,gts solel* gove"ns te "elat,ons,p !et-een te,n,v,5al on one an an te State an ,ts agents6 on te ote"$an ,t oes not /on/e"n ,tsel3 -,t te "elat,on !et-een a p",vate,n,v,5al an anote" p",vate ,n,v,5al.e tat as ,t a*$ te,na,ss,!,l,t* o3 a//5seappellantKs /on3ess,on to a"anga*Ca,"an Re,g,o e"na"o an te l,gte" as ev,en/e o nota5toat,/all* lea to e" a/;5,ttal. )t so5l -ell !e "e/alle tatte /onst,t5t,onal sa3eg5a"s 5",ng /5sto,al ,nvest,gat,ons o notappl* to tose not el,/,te t"o5g ;5est,on,ng !* te pol,/e o" te,"agents !5t g,ven ,n an o",na"* anne" -e"e!* te a//5seve"!all* a,ts to av,ng /o,tte te oJense as -at appene,n te /ase at !a" -en a//5seappellant a,tte to Me"/e,ta

Meno=a$ one o3 te ne,g!o"s o3 Ro!e"to Sepa"a$ S".$ to av,ngsta"te te H"e ,n te Sepa"asK o5se. Te test,on* o3 Me"/e,taMeno=a "e/o5nt,ng sa, a,ss,on ,s$ 5n3o"t5natel* 3o" a//5seappellant$ a,ss,!le ,n ev,en/e aga,nst e" an ,s not /ove"e !*te a3o"esa, /onst,t5t,onal g5a"antee. A"t,/le ))) o3 te Const,t5t,on$o" te ,ll o3 R,gts$ solel* gove"ns te "elat,ons,p !et-een te,n,v,5al on one an an te State an ,ts agents6 on te ote" ,toes not /on/e"n ,tsel3 -,t te "elat,on !et-een a p",vate ,n,v,5alan anote" p",vate ,n,v,5alas !ot a//5seappellant anp"ose/5t,on -,tness Me"/e,ta Meno=a 5no5!tel* a"e. (e"e$te"e ,s no ev,en/e on "e/o" to so- tat sa, -,tness -as a/t,ng

5ne" pol,/e a5to",t*$ so app"o29

29SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATEDPeople vs. Malnganp",atel*$ a//5seappellantKs 5n/o5nselle et"a5,/,al /on3ess,onto sa, -,tness -as p"ope"l* a,tte !* te RTC.Sae A"son (o,/,e )n te /",e o3 a"son$ te ,ent,t,es o3 tev,/t,s a"e ,ate",al ,n tat ,ntent to I,ll te pa"t,/5la"l* ,s not

one o3 te eleents o3 te /",e.)n te /",e o3 a"son$ te,ent,t,es o3 te v,/t,s a"e ,ate",al ,n tat ,ntent to I,ll te


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pa"t,/5la"l* ,s not one o3 te eleents o3 te /",e. As -e ave/la",He ea"l,e"$ te I,ll,ng o3 a pe"son ,s a!so"!e ,n te /a"ge o3a"son$ s,ple o" est"5/t,ve. Te p"ose/5t,on nee onl* p"ove$ tatte !5"n,ng -as ,ntent,onal an tat -at -as ,ntent,onall* !5"ne,s an ,na!,te o5se o" -ell,ng. Aga,n$ ,n te /ase o3 People v.

So",ano$ -e epla,ne tat< Alto5g ,ntent a* !e an ,ng"e,ent o3te /",e o3 A"son$ ,t a* !e ,n3e""e 3"o te a/ts o3 te a//5se.Te"e ,s a p"es5pt,on tat one ,ntens te nat5"al /onse;5en/eso3 ,s a/t an -en ,t ,s so-n tat one as el,!e"atel* set H"e toa !5,l,ng$ te p"ose/5t,on ,s not !o5n to p"o5/e 35"te" ev,en/eo3 ,s -"ong35l ,ntent.Sae Sae Te"e a"e t-o 26 /atego",es o3 te /",e o3 a"son16est"5/t,ve a"son$ an 26 s,ple a"son$ -,/ /lass,H/at,on ,s !aseon te I,n$ /a"a/te" an lo/at,on o3 te p"ope"t* !5"ne$"ega"less o3 te val5e o3 te aage /a5se.Te"e a"e t-o 26/atego",es o3 te /",e o3 a"son< 16 est"5/t,ve a"son$ 5ne" A"t.820 o3 te Rev,se Penal Coe$ as aene !* Rep5!l,/ A/t No.7#:9 an 26 s,ple a"son$ 5ne" P"es,ent,al De/"ee No. 1#18. Sa,/lass,H/at,on ,s !ase on te I,n$ /a"a/te" an lo/at,on o3 tep"ope"t* !5"ne$ "ega"less o3 te val5e o3 te aage /a5se.Sae Sae Plea,ngs an P"a/t,/e @at ,s /ont"oll,ng ,s not tet,tle o3 te /opla,nt$ no" te es,gnat,on o3 te oJense /a"ge o"te pa"t,/5la" la- o" pa"t te"eo3 allegel* v,olate$ !5t tees/",pt,on o3 te /",e /a"ge an te pa"t,/5la" 3a/ts te"e,n"e/,te.As state ,n te !o* o3 te )n3o"at,on$ a//5seappellant -as /a"ge -,t av,ng ,ntent,onall* !5"ne te t-o

sto"e* "es,ent,al o5se o3 Ro!e"t Sepa"a. Sa, /onQag"at,onl,Ie-,se sp"ea an est"o*e seven 76 ao,n,ng o5ses.Conse;5entl*$ ,3 p"ove$ as ,t -as p"ove$ at te t",al$ se a* !e/onv,/te$ an senten/e a//o",ngl*$ o3 te /",e o3 s,ple a"son.S5/ ,s te /ase Lnot-,tstan,ng te e""o" ,n te es,gnat,on o3 teoJense ,n te ,n3o"at,on$ te ,n3o"at,on "ea,ns eJe/t,ve ,nso3a"as ,t states te 3a/ts /onst,t5t,ng te /",e allege te"e,n. L@at,s /ont"oll,ng ,s not te t,tle o3 te /opla,nt$ no" te es,gnat,on o3te oJense /a"ge o" te pa"t,/5la" la- o" pa"t te"eo3 allegel*v,olate$ $ !5t te es/",pt,on o3 te /",e /a"ge an tepa"t,/5la" 3a/ts te"e,n "e/,te.

299

FO&. :08$ SEPTEMER 2#$ 200#299People vs. MalnganSae Sae Daages Mo"al aages /annot !e a-a"e ,n tea!sen/e o3 p"oo3 o3 ental o" p*s,/al s5Je",ng on te pa"t o3 tee,"s o3 te v,/t,s.Ap"opos te /,v,l l,a!,l,t,es o3 a//5seappellant$ /5""ent 5",sp"5en/e ,/tate tat te /,v,l ,nen,t* 5e3"o a//5seappellant ,s P:0$000.00 3o" te eat o3 ea/ o3 te

v,/t,s. (o-eve"$ te oneta"* a-a"s 3o" o"al an eepla"*aages g,ven !* te Co5"t o3 Appeals$ !ot ,n te ao5nt o3


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P:0$000.00$ 5e te e,"s o3 te v,/t,s$ ave to !e elete 3o" la/Io3 ate",al !as,s. S,,la"l*$ te Co5"t o3 Appeals a-a" o3 eepla"*aages to Rool3o Mov,lla ,n te ao5nt o3 P:0$000.00 3o" teest"5/t,on o3 ,s o5se$ also as to !e elete$ !5t ,n t,s ,nstan/e3o" !e,ng ,p"ope". Mo"al aages /annot !e a-a" !* t,s Co5"t ,n

te a!sen/e o3 p"oo3 o3 ental o" p*s,/al s5Je",ng on te pa"t o3te e,"s o3 te v,/t,s. Con/e"n,ng te a-a" o3 eepla"*aages$ te "eason 3o" te elet,on !e,ng tat no agg"avat,ng/,"/5stan/e a !een allege an p"ove !* te p"ose/5t,on ,n te/ase at !a".PET)T)ON 3o" "ev,e- on /e"t,o"a", o3 a e/,s,on o3 te Co5"t o3Appeals.

Te 3a/ts a"e state ,n te op,n,on o3 te Co5"t. Te Sol,/,to" Gene"al 3o" te People. A"t5" . (e"an 3o" appellant.C()CONAAR)O$ .Epas,s s5ppl,e.?

a//5seappellant ,s !e,ng /a"ge -,t te /",e o3 a"son. )t ,s/lea" 3"o te 3o"ego,ng tat e" ,ntent -as e"el* to est"o* e"eplo*e"Ks o5se t"o5g te 5se o3 H"e.@e no- go to te ,ss5es "a,se. Une" te H"st ass,gnent o3 e""o"$,n asse"t,ng te ,ns5/,en/* o3 te p"ose/5t,onKs ev,en/e toesta!l,s e" g5,lt !e*on "easona!le o5!t$ a//5seappellanta"g5es tat te p"ose/5t,on -as onl* a!le to a5/e /,"/5stant,alev,en/ea"l* eno5g to p"ove e" g5,lt !e*on "easona!leo5!t. Se "at,o/,nates tat te 3ollo-,ng /,"/5stan/es:0? Alto5g te p5"pose

v,olat,on o3 la-$ o" 3o" te p5"pose o3 /on/eal,ng !anI"5pt/* o"e3"a5,ng /"e,to"s o" to /olle/t 3"o ,ns5"an/e 36 -en/o,tte !* t-o 26 o" o"e pe"sons$ "ega"less o3 -ete" te,"p5"pose ,s e"el* to !5"n o" est"o* te !5,l,ng o" te !5"n,nge"el* /onst,t5tes an ove"t a/t ,n te /o,ss,on o3 anote"v,olat,on o3 la- g6 an* a"senal$ s,p*a"$ sto"eo5se o" ,l,ta"*

po-e" o" H"e-o"Is 3a/to"*$ o",nan/e$ sto"eo5se$ a"/,ves o"gene"al 5se5 o3 te Gove"nent 6 ,n an ,na!,te pla/e$ an*sto"eo5se o" 3a/to"* o3 ,nQaa!le o" eplos,ve ate",al.:0 Se/. 8 o3 P"es,ent,al De/"ee No. 1#18 en5e"ates te Ote"Cases o3 A"son -,/ a"e p5n,sa!le !* te penalt* o3 "e/l5s,ontepo"al to "e/l5s,on pe"pet5a< a6 An* !5,l,ng 5se as o/es o3te gove"nent o" an* o3 ,ts agen/,es !6 An* ,na!,te o5se o"-ell,ng /6 An* ,n5st",al esta!l,sent$ s,p*a"$ o,l -ell o" ,nesa3t$ plat3o" o" t5nnel 6 An* plantat,on$ 3a"$ past5"elan$g"o-,ng /"op$ g"a,n Hel$ o"/a"$ !a!oo g"ove o" 3o"est e6 An*

",/e ,ll$ s5ga" ,ll$ /ane ,ll$ o" ,ll /ent"al an$ 36 an* "a,l-a* o"!5s stat,on$ a,"po"t$ -a"3 o" -a"eo5se.


36/38

829

FO&. :08$ SEPTEMER 2#$ 200#829People vs. Malngan

o3 te la- on S,ple A"son ,s to p"event te ,g ,n/,en/e o3 H"esan ote" /",es ,nvolv,ng est"5/t,on$ p"ote/t te nat,onale/ono* an p"ese"ve te so/,al$ e/ono,/ an pol,t,/al sta!,l,t* o3te nat,on$ PD 1#18 tepe"s te penalt* to !e ete to oJene"s.T,s sepa"ate /lass,H/at,on o3 S,ple A"son "e/ogn,=es te nee tolessen te seve",t* o3 p5n,sent /oens5"ate to te a/t o" a/ts/o,tte$ epen,ng on te pa"t,/5la" 3a/ts an /,"/5stan/es o3ea/ /ase. >Epas,s s5ppl,e.?To epas,=eEpas,s s5ppl,e.?:2P"es/,n,ng 3"o te a!ove /la",H/at,on v,sZv,s te es/",pt,on o3te /",e as state ,n te a//5sato"* po"t,on o3 te )n3o"at,on$ ,t ,s;5,te ev,ent tat a//5seappellant -as /a"ge -,t te /",e o3S,ple A"son3o" av,ng Lel,!e"atel* set H"e 5pon te t-osto"e*"es,ent,al o5se o3 ROERTO SEPARA an 3a,l* Ino-,ng tesae to !e an ,na!,te o5se an s,t5ate ,n a t,/Il* pop5late

pla/e an as a /onse;5en/e te"eo3 a /onQag"at,on ens5e an tesa, !5,l,ng$ togete" -,t soe seven 76 ao,n,ng "es,ent,alo5ses$ -e"e "a=e !* H"e. >Epas,s s5ppl,e.?

:1 See P"ea!le$ Rep5!l,/ A/t No. 7#:9.:2 S5p"a at note 80.880

880

SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATEDPeople vs. Malngan


37/38

Te 3a/ts o3 te /ase at !a" ,s soe-at s,,la" to te 3a/ts o3 te/ase o3 People v. So",ano.:8 Te a//5se ,n te latte" /ase /a5sete !5"n,ng o3 a pa"t,/5la" o5se. Un3o"t5natel*$ te !la=e sp"eaan g5tte o-n Hve :6 ne,g!o",ng o5ses. Te RTC te"e,n 3o5nte a//5se g5,lt* o3 est"5/t,ve a"son 5ne" pa"ag"ap 1:4 o3 A"t.

820 o3 te Rev,se Penal Coe$ as aene !* Rep5!l,/ A/t No.7#:9. T,s Co5"t$ t"o5g M". 5st,/e ellos,llo$ o-eve"$ e/la"etatT?e appl,/a!le p"ov,s,on o3 la- so5l !e Se/. 8$ pa". 2$ o3PD 1#18$ -,/ ,poses a penalt* o3 "e/l5s,on tepo"al to "e/l5s,onpe"pet5a 3o" ote" /ases o3 a"son as te p"ope"t,es !5"ne !*a//5seappellant a"e spe/,H/all* es/",!e as o5ses$/onteplat,ng ,na!,te o5ses o" -ell,ngs 5ne" te a3o"esa,la-. Te es/",pt,ons as allege ,n te se/on Aene )n3o"at,onpa"t,/5la"l* "e3e" to te st"5/t5"es as o5ses "ate" tan as!5,l,ngs o" e,H/es. Te appl,/a!le la- so5l te"e3o"e !e Se/. 8$Pa". 2$ o3 PD 1#18$ an not A"t. 820$ pa". 1 o3 te Penal Coe. )n /aseo3 a!,g5,t* ,n /onst"5/t,on o3 penal la-s$ ,t ,s -ellsettle tat s5/la-s sall !e /onst"5e st",/tl* aga,nst te gove"nent$ anl,!e"all* ,n 3avo" o3 te a//5se.Te eleents o3 a"son 5ne" Se/. 8$ pa". 2$ o3 PD 1#18 a"e< a6 te"e,s ,ntent,onal !5"n,ng an !6 -at ,s ,ntent,onall* !5"ne ,s an,na!,te o5se o" -ell,ng. )n/,entall*$ tese eleents /on/5" ,nte /ase at !a".::As state ,n te !o* o3 te )n3o"at,on$ a//5seappellant -as/a"ge -,t av,ng ,ntent,onall* !5"ne te t-osto"e* "es,ent,al

o5se o3 Ro!e"t Sepa"a. Sa, /onQag"at,on l,Ie-,se sp"ea anest"o*e seven 76 ao,n,ng o5ses. Conse;5entl*$ ,3 p"ove$ as ,t-as p"ove$ at te t",al$ se a* !e /onv,/te$ an senten/ea//o",ngl*$ o3 te /",e o3 s,ple a"son. S5/ ,s te /aseLnot-,tstan,ng te e""o" ,n te es,gnat,on o3 te oJense ,n te,n3o"at,on$ te ,n3o"at,on "ea,ns eJe/t,ve ,nso3a" as ,t stateste 3a/ts /onst,t5t,ng te /",e allege te"e,n.:# L@at ,s/ont"oll,ng ,s not te t,tle o3 te /opla,nt$ no" te es,gnat,on o3te oJense /a"ge o" te pa"

:8 S5p"a.:4 1. One 16 o" o"e !5,l,ng o" e,H/es$ /onse;5ent to one s,nglea/t o3 !5"n,ng$ o" as a "es5lt o3 s,5ltaneo5s !5"n,ngs$ o" /o,tteon seve"al o" ,Je"ent o//as,ons.:: S5p"a at note 80.:# People v. &,!"ao$ G.R. No. 141074$ 1# O/to!e" 2008$ 418 SCRA:8#.881

FO&. :08$ SEPTEMER 2#$ 200#

881People vs. Malngan


38/38

t,/5la" la- o" pa"t te"eo3 allegel* v,olate$ $ !5t te es/",pt,ono3 te /",e /a"ge an te pa"t,/5la" 3a/ts te"e,n "e/,te.:7Te"e ,s$ t5s$ a nee to o,3* te penalt* ,pose !* te RTC asSe/. : o3 PD No. 1#18 /atego",/all* p"ov,es tat te penalt* to !e,pose 3o" s,ple a"son ,s

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