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B R O O K L Y N
S T R E E T C A R
F E A S I B I L I T Y S T U D Y
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EXISTING CONDITIONS REPORT
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FEASIBILITYSTUDY
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TABLEOFCONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................................1 11.1 PURPOSEOFTHESTUDY ....................................................................................................1 11.2 IDENTIFICATIONOFFOCUSAREAANDSTUDYAREA.........................................................111.3 METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................................. 11
2.0LANDUSEANDCOMMUNITYCHARACTER...................................................................................212.1 DEVELOPMENTHISTORY....................................................................................................2 1
FocusArea...................................................................................................................................21StudyArea...................................................................................................................................24
2.2 LANDUSE ...........................................................................................................................2 5FocusArea...................................................................................................................................25StudyArea...................................................................................................................................28
2.3 FUTUREDEVELOPMENTPLANS .......................................................................................210FocusArea.................................................................................................................................210StudyArea.................................................................................................................................214
2.4 ZONING ............................................................................................................................215FocusArea.................................................................................................................................215StudyArea.................................................................................................................................217
2.5 PUBLICPOLICY..................................................................................................................2 17RedHook197aPlan.................................................................................................................2 17SouthwestBrooklynEconomicDevelopmentZoneandNYCIndustrialBusinessZone.............218Local
Waterfront
Revitalization
Program .................................................................................2
18
BrooklynWaterfrontGreenwayMasterPlan ...........................................................................219TransitOrientedDevelopment .................................................................................................219NewYorkCityBicycleMasterPlan............................................................................................2 19PlaNYC.......................................................................................................................................2 20
2.6 HISTORICRESOURCES ......................................................................................................2202.7 CONCLUSION....................................................................................................................2 26
3.0SOCIALANDECONOMICCHARACTERISTICS ...............................................................................3273.1 DEMOGRAPHICS...............................................................................................................3 27
Population.................................................................................................................................327
Density ......................................................................................................................................327Age ............................................................................................................................................329Ethnicity ....................................................................................................................................329EducationalAttainment............................................................................................................331Income ......................................................................................................................................332
3.2 HOUSING..........................................................................................................................3 33
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3.3 EMPLOYMENT.................................................................................................................. 3343.4 ENVIRONMENTALJUSTICECOMMUNITIES ..................................................................... 3353.5 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................... 338
4.0TRANSPORTATION...................................................................................................................... 4394.1 ACCESSANDCIRCULATION.............................................................................................. 439
VehicularAccessandCirculation.............................................................................................. 439TransitAccessandCirculation.................................................................................................. 440ParkingRegulations.................................................................................................................. 443
4.2 TRAVELCHARACTERISTICS............................................................................................... 446Residents(Journeytowork) ..................................................................................................... 446Employees(ReverseJourneytoWork)..................................................................................... 449
4.3 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................... 4525.0PRINCIPALCONCLUSIONS .......................................................................................................... 554FIGURES
FIGURE11:STUDYAREAANDFOCUSAREA ...................................................................................... 12FIGURE21:LANDUSE ........................................................................................................................ 26FIGURE 22: RECENTLY COMPLETED AND PLANNED DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS
WITHINANDNEARTHEFOCUSAREA ....................................................................................... 211FIGURE 23: HISTORIC DISTRICTS, BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES (NORTHERN HALF
OFSTUDYAREA)........................................................................................................................ 224FIGURE 24: HISTORIC DISTRICTS, BUILDINGS, AND STRUCTURES (SOUTHERN HALF
OFSTUDYAREA/FOCUSAREA)................................................................................................ 225FIGURE31:POPULATIONANDEMPLOYMENTDENSITY.................................................................. 328FIGURE32:RACIALCOMPOSITIONOFTHEFOCUSAREA................................................................ 330FIGURE33:RACIALCOMPOSITIONOFTHESTUDYAREA ................................................................ 330FIGURE34:LEVELOFEDUCATIONINTHEFOCUSAREA.................................................................. 331FIGURE35:LEVELOFEDUCATIONINTHESTUDYAREA .................................................................. 332FIGURE36:ENVIRONMENTALJUSTICECOMMUNITIES .................................................................. 337FIGURE41:EXISTINGTRANSITSERVICE........................................................................................... 441FIGURE42: BICYCLEROUTES .......................................................................................................... 444FIGURE43:ONSTREETPARKINGREGULATIONS ............................................................................ 445FIGURE44:PLACEOFWORKFORFOCUSAREARESIDENTS............................................................ 447FIGURE45:MEANSOFTRANSPORTATIONTOWORKFORFOCUSAREARESIDENTS ..................... 448FIGURE46:MEANSOFTRANSPORTATIONTOWORKFORSTUDYAREARESIDENTS...................... 448FIGURE
47:
TRAVEL
TIME
TO
WORK
FOR
FOCUS
AREA
AND
STUDY
AREA
RESIDENTS................... 4
49
FIGURE48:PLACEOFRESIDENCEFORFOCUSAREAWORKERS...................................................... 450FIGURE49:MODEOFTRAVELTOWORKFORFOCUSAREAWORKERS .......................................... 451FIGURE410:MODEOFTRAVELTOWORKFORSTUDYAREAWORKERS ........................................ 451FIGURE411:TRAVELTIMETOWORKFORFOCUSAREAANDSTUDYAREAWORKERS .................. 452
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TABLESTABLE21:RECENTLYCOMPLETEDANDPLANNEDDEVELOPMENTPROJECTSWITHIN
ANDNEARTHEFOCUSAREA.....................................................................................................2 12TABLE22:FOCUSAREAANDSTUDYAREAZONINGDISTRICTS .......................................................216TABLE
23:
HISTORIC
DISTRICTS ........................................................................................................2
20
TABLE24:HISTORIC BUILDINGSANDSTRUCTURES........................................................................2 21TABLE31:RESIDENTIALPOPULATION(19902010).........................................................................3 27TABLE32:POPULATIONDENSITY.....................................................................................................3 29TABLE33:AGEDISTRIBUTION..........................................................................................................3 29TABLE34:INCOMEDISTRIBUTION...................................................................................................3 32TABLE35:MEDIANHOUSEHOLDINCOME.......................................................................................3 33TABLE36:HOUSINGUNITSANDRESIDENTIALVACANCYRATES.....................................................333TABLE37:DISTRIBUTIONOFRENTERANDOWNEROCCUPIEDHOUSINGUNITS ...........................334TABLE38:DISTRIBUTIONOFEMPLOYMENTBYCATEGORY ............................................................334TABLE39:EMPLOYMENTDENSITY...................................................................................................3 35TABLE
310:
ENVIRONMENTAL
JUSTICE
CHARACTERISTICS
OF
THE
FOCUS
AREA............................3
36TABLE41:RIDERSHIPATSUBWAYSTATIONSWITHINTHESTUDYAREA ........................................440
TABLE42:RIDERSHIPONBUSROUTESTHATSERVETHESTUDYAREA ...........................................442
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1.0 INTRODUCTION1.1 PURPOSEOFTHESTUDYThe New York City Department of Transportation (NYCDOT) is investigating the potential of a
streetcarto,from,andwithintheRedHookneighborhoodofBrooklyn.TheintentofthestudyistodeterminethecurrentandfuturetransportationneedsoftheRedHookneighborhoodandidentify
whetherastreetcarcaneffectivelymeettheseneeds. Inaddition,thestudywillanalyzestreetcar
routings and will provide an initial assessment of potential streetcar alternatives, analyzing
alignment,constructability,costs,andbenefits.Thisstudy isa firststep indevelopingsolutionsto
transportationaccessneedsforRedHookandprovidesanopportunitytoevaluatethepotentialfor
reintroducing the streetcar mode in Brooklyn. It will be followed by more detailed analysis if
solutionsaredeterminedfeasible.
This Existing Conditions Report provides a context for assessing the transportation needs of Red
Hookandevaluatingstreetcarasapotentialtransitsolution.Itdescribesthelanduse,demographic,
and community characteristics of Red Hook and adjacent areas and provides an overview of the
existingtransportationoptionsforRedHooksresidents,workers,andvisitors.
1.2 IDENTIFICATIONOFFOCUSAREAANDSTUDYAREATo evaluate the potential transit needs of Red Hook as well as potential connections to existing
transit services in the BoroughofBrooklyn,a Focus Areaanda StudyArea wereestablished. The
FocusArea isdefinedspecificallyastheneighborhoodofRedHook.TheStudyArea ismuch larger
andencompassesthetransithubsofDowntownBrooklynandadjacentneighborhoods.
The Focus Area (Red Hook) is located in Community District 6 of the Borough of Brooklyn. It is
bounded by the Buttermilk Channel to the west, Hamilton Avenue, the BrooklynQueens
Expressway,andtheBrooklynBatteryTunneltothenorth,theGowanusCanaltotheeast,andthe
GowanusBay
to
the
south
(see
Figure
11).
The
Study
Area
borders
the
Focus
Area
to
the
north
and
includestheblocksbetweentheButtermilkChannelandEastRiverwaterfronttothewestandnorth
and Hoyt Street, Ashland Place and 2nd Avenue to the east. The Study Area includes the
neighborhoods of Carroll Gardens, Cobble Hill, Brooklyn Heights, Downtown Brooklyn, DUMBO,
VinegarHill,BoerumHill,andGowanus.
1.3 METHODOLOGYThis report summarizes data from a number of sources, including geographic information system
data,fieldsurveys,theU.S.Census,andaliteraturereview.TheDowntownBrooklynSurfaceTransit
Circulation Study was also used to identify land use and demographics for a large portion of the
StudyArea.
Demographic,economic,
and
travel
characteristics
are
presented
both
for
the
Focus
Area
and
the
Study Area. The Focus Area statistics are the composite of data for the U.S. Census block groups
withinRedHookasdefinedbytheboundaryshown inFigure11.StatisticsfortheStudyAreaare
comprisedofallof theCensusblockgroupswithin theStudyAreaboundaryshown inFigure11,
includingtheFocusArea.Therefore,theFocusAreastatisticsareasubsetofthefactorspresented
fortheStudyArea.
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FIGURE11:
STUDYAREAANDFOCUSAREA
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2.0 LANDUSEANDCOMMUNITYCHARACTER2.1 DEVELOPMENTHISTORYTheCityofBrooklynwasestablishedin1834.Atthistime,itcomprisedindividualsettlementsalong
its waterfront, including Downtown Brooklyn, Brooklyn Heights, Cobble Hill, Boerum Hill, and theNavyYardarea, includingVinegarHill.TheCityofBrooklynannexedothersectionsofthepresent
dayboroughatvariouspointsthroughoutthe1800s.
In 1893, the first electric streetcar ran in
Brooklyn. The introduction of these streetcars
andother railmodeswouldchange theborough
from a collection of small towns into the Citys
most populous borough. Originally comprised of
ten independent operating companies, many
lines were incorporated into the Brooklyn Rapid
Transit Company (BRT). The BRT was one of the
largeststreetcaroperatorsintheUnitedStates.In
itspeak,ithad80linesand3,000streetcars. The
BRTwouldeventuallytakeovertheelevatedlines
thathaddevelopedinthe1880sandthevarious
steamrailroadsthatrantoConeyIsland.TheBRT
hadthevisiontoimplementfastandfarreaching
transitserviceinBrooklyn.Thec mbinedBR rail
andstreetcarsystemallowedthepublictoeasily
travelbetweenManhattanandthefarreachesof
Brooklyn.Asservicewas instituted innewareas,
empty lotsalongthe linesrapidlybecamehomes
and
shopping
areas.
Consequently,
the
populationoftheboroughgrew.
Several
STREETCARATSMITHANDSACKETTSTREETS
o T
streetcarlinesranthroughRedHook.The
prominent in the Brooklyn landscape. However, the
FOCUSAREA
hasalonghistoryofindustrialandmaritimeuses,takingadvantageofitslocationon
Furman Street, Erie Basin, and Crosstown Lines
ranalongColumbiaStreet.TheHamiltonAvenue
LineranbetweenRedHookandBayRidge.
Prior to World War II, streetcars were
STREETCARCROSSINGTHEGOWANUSCANAL
automobilebecame increasinglymoreavailableandpopular,and inthe1940s,theCitybeganan
aggressive initiative to replace streetcars with buses. Starting in 1949, Brooklyns streetcar lines
wereconvertedtonewbuseswith theBoroughs laststreetcar running in1956.Remnantsof the
former
system
remain
in
parts
of
Brooklyn,
including
track
and
electrical
poles.
TheFocusArea
theButtermilkChanneland itsproximitytothepopulationcentersofBrooklynandManhattan. In
the1840s, theAtlanticDockCompanydevelopedpiers in theAtlanticBasinandsoon thereafter,
William Beard developed the wharves at the Erie Basin. The Red Hook Peninsula then quickly
becameoneof thebusiestshippingports in theUnitedStates.By thebeginningof theCivilWar,
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EXISTINGCONDITIONSREPORT
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ships from all over the world docked at Red Hook, and through the mid20th century, the
neighborhoodbustledwithshippingandrelatedindustries,employingover7,000people.
Originallybuiltforthefamiliesofdockworkers,theRedHookHousesopened in1939andwasthe
firstpublichousingcomplexintheCity.RedHookHousesisnowthelargestNewYorkCityHousing
Authority(NYCHA)
development
in
Brooklyn.
It
consists
of
Red
Hook
(East)
and
Red
Hook
(West).
The combined39acredevelopment includes33buildings, 30 residentialbuildingsand threenon
residential buildings. The residential buildings range in height from two to 14 stories and have a
totalofover2,800apartments.Sincetheircompletion,theRedHookHouseshavecomprised the
largestportionofRedHooksresidentialpopulationandoccupymuchofitsinteriorblocks.
ThedevelopmentofRedHookHousesoccurredinconcertwiththeconstructionofRedHookPark.
des weakened substantially in Red Hook and New
In1934,theCityassignedformerindustrialsitesthatitownedtotheNewYorkCityDepartmentof
ParksandRecreation (DPR).Otherparcels thatarenowpartofRedHookParkcameunderDPRs
jurisdictionbetween1935and1947.GilmoreD.Clarke,aprominentlandscapedesigner,laidoutits
originaldevelopmentplanduringthetenureofRobertMoses.Today,RedHookParkoccupiesnearly
59acres,andincludesarecreationcenter,apool,athleticfacilities,ajoggingpath,andpicnicareas.
Red Hooks population peaked in about 1950. However, changes in the shipping industry, the
constructionof Interstate278 (also referred toas theBrooklynQueensExpresswayandGowonus
ExpresswayintheFocusAreaandStudyArea)andBrooklynBatteryTunnel,andtheremovalofits
streetcarservicewouldquicklydeteriorateandisolatethecommunity,resultinginadrasticdecline
initsresidentialandemploymentpopulations.
After 1950, the shipping and manufacturing tra
YorkCityingeneral.Overlandtransportofgoodsincreasinglyreplacedmaritimeshippingandcargo
companiesbegantofavoralternativeportsalongtheEastCoast.RedHooksprimary industryand
populationdeclinedsubstantiallyasaresult.However,inthe1960s,thePortAuthorityofNewYork
and New Jersey opened a new container portthe Red Hook Marine Terminalto provide a
moderncargo
facility
that
met
new
standards
in
marine
commerce.
Although
helping
to
foster
Red
Hookstraditionaleconomicbase,thefacilityrequiredmuchlesslaborthanpreviousfacilities.
BROOKLYNMARINETERMINALBROOKLYNBATTERYTUNNELENTRANCE
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Interstate 278 and Brooklyn Battery Tunnel were built in the Focus Area following World War II.
Interstate 278 is a major eastwest highway that runs from New Jersey to the Bronx via Staten
Island,Brooklyn,andQueens.IntheFocusArea,Interstate278runsalongRedHookseasternand
northern edges. Entrances to the Brooklyn Battery Tunnel, which runs under the East River and
connectsBrooklyn
and
Manhattan,
are
situated
at
Red
Hooks
northern
edge.
These
transportation
facilitiesquicklyestablisheddefactoneighborhoodborders forRedHookandeffectivelycut itoff
physicallyandsociallyfromadjacentneighborhoods.
Red Hooks economic base and population continued to decline through the 1980s. Numerous
residential,commercial,and industrialbuildingswereabandoned.By1990, thepopulationofRed
Hookdroppedto10,500,a50percentdeclinefromits1950population.
In1994,CommunityBoard6andlocalstakeholdersdevelopedacomprehensivestrategicplan(197
a Plan) to spur the revitalization of Red Hooks population and economy with improvements to
housing, social services, and business and industrial activities. In that same year, New York State
Governor Mario Cuomo designated Red Hook and the nearby Sunset Park and Gowanus
neighborhoods as the Southwest Brooklyn Economic Development Zone (now the Southwest
Brooklyn
Empire
Zone).
Combined,
the
197a
Plan
and
the
economic
incentives
provided
by
the
State have resulted in substantial reinvestment in the area. Projects have included the
refurbishment and new construction of neighborhood parks, the opening of the Red Hook
CommunityJusticeCenter,andtherenovationoftheSullivanStreetHotelasaffordablehousing.
TheNewYorkCityEconomicDevelopmentCorporationhaspursuedeffortstorevitalizetheAtlantic
Basin.InApril2006,CarnivalCruiseLinesinauguratedtheBrooklynCruiseTerminalwiththearrival
of the RMS Queen Mary 2. The terminal occupies Pier 12. It consists of a 180,000 square foot
terminalthatcanhandle4,000passengers.Itincludesarebuiltportbuilding,newslips,a500space
parkinglot,andtaxiandbusdropoffareas.In2008,theTerminalwascalledonbynearly60vessels
andservedmorethan282,000passengers.
BROOKLYNCRUISETERMINAL IKEA,REDHOOKIn
2006,
Fairway
Market
opened
a52,000
square
foot
store
on
Van
Brunt
Street.
The
chain
had
a
longestablished and popular location on Manhattans Upper West Side, and its presence in Red
Hooksymbolizedanupswingintheneighborhoodseconomicvitality.Twoyearslater,IKEAopened
a 346,000 square foot store on Beard Street between Otsengo and Columbia Streets. The store
replaceda19thCenturydrydockandisIKEAsonlylocationwithinNewYorkCity.
Recent and proposed loft conversions and new construction projects in Red Hook will help to
revitalize its housing stock. Although the pace of this development has been less robust than in
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EXISTINGCONDITIONSREPORT
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DUMBO, Williamsburg, and other historically, industrial areas of Brooklyn, these projects
demonstratearenewedinterestintheareaanditspotentialforgrowth.
STUDYAREA
TheBrooklyn
Bridge
opened
in
1883,
bringing
vehicular,
trolley,
and
pedestrian
traffic
to
Downtown
Brooklyn and its surrounding neighborhoods. This triggered substantial growth in municipal,
commercial, and residential land use in the downtown area and its surrounding commuter
neighborhoods. In 1908, the Interborough Rapid Transit (IRT) subway line was extended from
Manhattan to Brooklyn, with stations at Borough Hall, Hoyt Street, Nevins Street, and Atlantic
Avenue.Thisaccelerateddevelopment intheboroughandgeneratedadrivefor largeranddenser
development in Downtown Brooklyn and surrounding areas. The rapid pace of development
continueduntiltheGreatDepression.
Following World War II, the nations industries began moving out of inner cities, with negative
consequencesformanufacturingcenters likeBrooklyn.Middleclasshouseholdsalsofledthe inner
cities,affectingmostoftheneighborhoodsintheStudyArea.Asaresult,manyapartmentbuildings
wereabandoned,
and
many
of
the
active
industrial
and
commercial
uses
in
the
Study
Area
became
low performance commercial uses (autorepair shops, gas stations, parking lots) or vacant lots.
SeveralpolicieswereenactedbyNewYorkCityagenciesincludingtheNewYorkCityDepartmentof
HousingPreservationandDevelopment(HPD)andtheNewYorkCityPlanningCommission(CPC)to
counteract the deterioration of Brooklyns neighborhoods. These initiatives included the Atlantic
Terminal Urban Renewal Area (ATURA) in 1968, the SchermerhornPacific Urban Renewal Area
(SPURA)inBoerumHillin1974,andtheBrooklynCenterUrbanRenewalPlan(BCURP).Inthe1970s
ATURAspurredthedevelopmentoftheAtlanticTerminalHouses,andtheAtlanticCenterMalland
SPURAsoughttoredevelopanareaofBoerumHillforaffordablehousing.
The Citys urban renewal efforts and a 1980s real estate
boomfueledaneconomicrevivalformanycommunitiesin
the Study Area, which continues today. The MetroTechCenterwasdevelopedin1986asaresultoftheMetroTech
Urban Renewal Plan (MURP). Currently, MetroTech is a
sixteenacre corporate and academic complex with more
than fivemillionsquare feetofcommercialandmunicipal
officespaceintwelvebuildingsranginginheightfromeight
to thirtytwo stories. Other highrise office buildings have
followed, and Downtown Brooklyn is now a major
employmentcenter intheCity.Brownstones inCobbleHill,VinegarHill,andCarrollGardenswere
refurbished and many new retailers, restaurants, and bars opened on the commercials strips of
these neighborhoods. The many industrial loft buildings in DUMBO were redeveloped as luxury
housing.To
preserve
the
historic
character
of
the
Study
Area
amidst
this
flurry
of
development,
the
City designated many areas as landmark districts. Much of Brooklyn Heights was designated as a
HistoricDistrict(NewYorkCitysfirst)in1965,followedbysectionsofCobbleHill(1969,expanded
in1988),BoerumHill(1973),CarrollGardens(1973),VinegarHill(1997),andDUMBO(2007).
METROTECHCENTER
New development continues to occur in the Study Area guided by new planning initiatives.
DowntownBrooklynhasbeenthefocusofCityplanningefforts includingtheestablishmentofthe
Special Downtown Brooklyn District (2001) and the Downtown Brooklyn Development project
(2004).These initiativesseektofocusdevelopment inDowntownBrooklyntostrengthenbusiness,
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preservehistoricarchitecturalresources,provideabufferbetweenlargescalebusinessusesofthe
Downtown core and surrounding low to mediumdensity residential neighborhoods, and to
improvetransitaccessthroughthearea.
The area around Long Island Rail Roads (LIRR) Atlantic Terminal is also rapidly redeveloping. In
2004,the
Atlantic
Terminal/Bank
of
New
York
Tower,
which
includes
retail
and
office
uses,
opened
above the LIRR Atlantic Terminal on the northeast corner of Flatbush and Atlantic Avenues. The
areasacrossFlatbushandAtlanticAvenuefromtheLIRRTerminalandabovetheLIRRAtlanticYards
are in the process of a major redevelopment, including a basketball arena, highrise residential
buildings,officeandretailuses,aschool,andopenspace.
bandonedwaterfrontsitesintheStudyAreahavealsobeenthefocusofrecentpublicinitiatives.
heCity
and
State
are
building
Brooklyn
Bridge
Park,
amulti
use
recreational
facility
that
will
occupy
iersanduplandparcelsbetweenAtlanticAvenueandtheBrooklynBridge.TheBrooklynNavyYard
ndadjacentsitesalsocontinuetobedevelopedwithlightindustrialandcommercialuses,including
oviestudies,workshops,andsmall,nicheindustrialproductioncompanies.
.2 LANDUSE
ATLANTICYARDSREDEVELOPMENTPLAN
A
Tp
a
m
2
Figure22showslandusesintheFocusAreaandStudyArea.
OCUSAREA
heFocusArea isdefinedprimarilyby industrialandmanufacturingusesalongthewaterfrontand
sidentialusesinitsinterior(seeFigure22).ItsprimarycommercialcorridorisVanBruntStreet.
woofthePortofNewYorkandNewJerseysimportantmarinetransportationfacilitiesarelocated
theFocusAreatheRedHook klynCruiseTerminal.Smallscale
and manufacturing businesses (warehouses, auto body shops, glass manufacturers, and
F
T
re
T
in
industrial
ContainerTerminalandtheBroo
foodprocessors)arefoundinareasnorthofVeronaStreet,southofCoffeyStreet,andwestofVan
Brunt Street. These smallscale uses are also peppered throughout the neighborhood, including
streetsthatarepredominatelyresidentialinuse.
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FIGURE21:
LANDUSE
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The most common residential building typ us are smalltomedium sized threetosix
storyapartmentbuildings,particularlyinthe redbyVanBruntStreettothewest,Verona
Streettothenorth,RichardsStreettotheeast,andCoffeyStreettothesouth.Highriseresidential
buildings,notablytheRedHookHouses,predominateeastofRichardsStreet.TheRedHookHouses
stretchfrom
Richards
Street
to
Clinton
Street
and
9th
Street
to
Lorraine
Street.
Approximately
8,000
peopleliveintheRedHookHouses,comprisingalmost80percentoftheFocusAreaspopulation.
es in the foc
areaborde
MIXEDRESIDENTIALANDINDUSTRIALSTREETINREDHOOKRESIDENTIALSTREETINREDHOOK
REDHOOKHOUSES
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Commercialretailuses,cateringtothelocalcommunity,arefoundthroughouttheFocusArea.The
largestconcentrationofsuchusesisalongVanBruntStreetandareprimarilyhousedontheground
floors of medium sized (threeto sixstory) residential buildings. A handful of restaurants, bars,
bakeries,checkcashingstores,beautysalons,varietystores,smallgrocerystores,anddeliscanbe
found
along
the
length
of
Van
Brunt
Street.
Large
retail
uses
in
the
Focus
Area
include
IKEA
atRichardsandBeardStreetsandtheFairwaySupermarketatVanBruntandReedStreets.
TheFocusAreahasanumberof institutionalandpublicfacilities.Educationalfacilities includeP.S.
5,theSouthBrooklynCommunityHighSchool,andtheAgnesY.HumphreySchoolforLeadership.
isalsoservedbyFDNYEngineCompany202,LadderCompany101,abranchoftheBrooklynPublic
ibraryat7WolcottStreet,andaU.S.PostOfficeat615ClintonStreet.TheRedHookCommunity
sticeCenter,opened in2000and locatedat88VisitationPlace,servesasaneighborhoodcourt
The Focus Area also has various social service and religious institutions such as the South
rooklynHealthCenter,theMercyHomeforChildren,andchurchesofvariousdenominations.
helargestopenspace intheFocusAreaisRedHookPark.Itisa59acrepublicpark,borderedby
tsego, Bay, Hicks, Lorraine, Court, and Halleck Streets, and includes a pool, running track, and
recreation
center.
Other
parks
include
Coffey
Park,
between
King,
Verona,
Richards,
and
Dwight
treets;andLouisValentino,Jr.Park,onthewaterfrontatCoffeyStreet.TheRedHookHousesalso
rovideopenspace,includingplayareasandotheramenities.
STUDYAREA
TheStudyAreaishistoricallycharacterizedbyindustrialusesalongitswaterfront,commercialuses
inDowntownBrooklynandalongneighborhoodthoroughfares,andresidentialuses inmostother
locations. Interstate 278, which sweeps through the western and northern portions of the Study
Area,hasdividedtheindustrialwaterfrontfromtheuplandresidentialandcommercialareassince
the 1960s. However, recent redevelopment efforts have and will continue to transform the
waterfront.
Just north of Red Hook is the Columbia Street Waterfront, located along the East River and
ButtermilkChannel,westofInterstate278andsouthofAtlanticAvenue.Thisareacontainsamixof
residentialandlightindustrialuseswithworkingwaterfrontactivitiesalongitswesternedge.Vacant
lots are scattered throughout this area, some of which are used for surface parking. The area is
undergoing growth, with new restaurants, art galleries, and residential development. Columbia
Street, the main thoroughfare in the neighborhood, contains local retail uses that are generally
foundonthegroundfloorofthree orfourstoryresidentialbuildings.Thesidestreetsarelinedwith
rowhouses,withsomenewapartmentconversionssuchasthosecenteredalongTiffanyPlace.The
waterfront includes the Red Hook Marine Terminal and Van Voorhees Park. Long Island College
HospitaloccupiesacomplexofbuildingsaroundHicksandAmityStreets.
Eastand
north
of
the
Columbia
Street
Waterfront,
the
Carroll
Gardens,
Cobble
Hill,
Boerum
Hill,
and
Brooklyn Heights neighborhoods are characterized by medium density residential (three to six
story) apartment buildings on local streets, with commercial activities concentrated along major
corridors such as Smith Street, Court ontague Street. Along these corridors,
commercial activities are primarily housed on the ground floors of medium sized residentia
apartment buildings, and comprise restaurants, delis, small grocery stores, and other businesses
cateringtothelocalcommunity.Inadditiontothethree andfourstoryrowhouses,therearealso
modern midrise apartment buildings, including Clark Cadman Tower and Whitman Close
1
It
L
Ju
house.
B
T
O
S
p
Street, and M
l
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BrooklynBridgeandBrooklynBridgePark,whichiscurrentlybeingdeveloped.
2.3 FUTUREDEVELOPMENTPLANSAsshowninTable21,anumberofdevelopmentprojectswererecentlycompletedorareplanned
inandneartheFocusAreaandStudyArea.Figure22showsthedevelopmentsintheFocusArea.
FOCUSAREA
Within theFocusArea, thereareseven recentlycompletedor proposed projects.Three are small
residential projects, generally resulting in three to five new units per building. One is a small
industrialproperty,andanother isasynagogue.The largestproposeddevelopment isat160Imlay
FlatbushAvenue isamajortwowaynorthsoutharterialrunningtheentire lengthofBrooklynand
leadingtotheManhattanBridgeintheStudyArea.Ithasheavytrafficvolumesandischaracterized
by largescale institutional and large national chain retail uses. Atlantic Terminal and the Atlantic
Center Mall are located at Atlantic Avenue and Flatbush Avenue. Atlantic Terminal is a
transportationhubwithaccesstoseveralNewYorkCityTransitsubwaylinesandtheLIRR.
The DUMBO neighborhood is characterized by large residential loft buildings converted from
industrial uses, with groundfloor commercial. Vinegar Hill is a smallerscale residential
neighborhood
with
two
to
threestory
apartment
buildings
and
a
waterfront
dominated
by
the
Hudson Avenue Generating Station, a Consolidated Edison power plant along almost the entire
VinegarHillwaterfront,fromGoldStreettoJayStreet.
There are several small parks scattered throughout the Study Area, and a handful of larger open
spaces including Cadman Plaza, bordered by Cadman Plaza East and West, Tillary Street, an
traffic.Thisareacontainsmostly3 to5storycommercialstructureswithgroundfloorretailuses.
Typical groundfloor uses include clothing, department, and electronic stores as well as fast food
chains.WhilethegroundfloorusesonFultonStreetareveryactive,theupper floorsofbuildings
havetraditionallyhadlittleactivity,thoughnewusesarebeginningtoemerge.
Multiplenew
mid
and
high
rise
residential
buildings
have
risen
throughout
Downtown
Brooklyn,
includingalongSchermerhornStreet,LivingstonStreet,andFlatbushAvenue.Thesedevelopments
havereplacedsurfaceparkinglotsandolder,lowerdensitybuildings.
presentlyonhold.Oncecompleted,theprojectwillconverta former industrialwarehouseto153
residentialunitsand10,000squarefeetofofficespace.
Street.ThisprojecthasbeenapprovedbytheNewYorkCityBoardofStandardsandAppealsbutis
LIVINGSTONSTREET STR TIN DUMBODOWNTOWNBROOK NSKYLINE EE LY
d the
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211
FIGURE22:
LOPMENTPROJERECENTLYCOMPLETEDANDPLANNEDDEVE CTSWITHINANDNEARTHEFOCU
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TABLE21:
RECENTLYCOMPLETEDANDPLANNEDDEVELOPMENTPROJECTSWITHINANDNEARTHEFOCUSAREA
MAP
NO. NAME/ADDRESS USE UNITS/ROOMS/FLOORAREA
WITHINFOCUS
AREA
69 160ImlayStreetResidential,office,
parking
153units,153parkingspaces,9,000sfoffice,1flooroffice
conformingtoexistingzoning
70 162166BeardStreet Residential 4dwellingunits
71 440VanBruntStreet Residential,Office9,149sfmixedusebuildingwithartstudioonfirstfloor,
officeonsecondfloor,andonedwellingunitonthird
72 216ConoverStreet Industrial 6,000sf
73 141DwightStreet Synagogue 4,500sf
74 96LorraineStreet Residential 11,000sfbuildingwith8dwellingunits
75 2533CarrollStreet ResidentialRezoneM11toR6BtoConstructan8unitResidential
Building
NEARFO AREACUS
1
4364th
Avenue
Residential
Informationunknown;constructionactivityobservedno
recordsavailableatDOB2 264thStreet Residential 11dwellingunits
3 92ThirdStreet Hotel/Office 33,000sf
4517CourtStreet Residential/Commu
nityFacility
6dwellingunits,groundfloorretail,anddiagnostic&
treatmentfacility
5 245HamiltonAvenue Residential 20dwellingunits
6 671HenryStreet Residential 5dwellingunits
7 1031133rdStreet Residential 45dwellingunits
81413rdStreet Residential,office 152dwellingunits(122marketrate,30affordable),
11,361sfofoffice
9363365BondStreet Residential,retail,
communityfacility,
open
space
447dwellingunits(317marketrate,130affordable),
2,000sfofcommunityfacility,2,000sfofretail,anda
portion
of
the
total
0.6
acres
of
open
space
10 360SmithStreet Residential 46dwellingunits
11340346BondStreet(at
CarrollStreet)
Residential 24dwellingunits
12 361CarrollStreet Residential 15dwellingunits
13313325,327333Bond
Street;383CarrollStreet
Residential,retail 297dwellingunits(238marketrate,59affordable),
14,810sfofretail
14307BondStreet Residential,retail 87dwellingunits(70marketrate,17affordable),7,125sf
ofretail
15 306BondStreet Residential 11dwellingunits
16290SackettStreet Residential,retail,
communityfacility
32dwellingunits
17 151CarrollStreet Residential 8dwellingunits
18
287
Bond
Street,
498
510
SackettStreet Residential
148
dwelling
units
(118
market
rate,
30
affordable)
19285BondStreet,495
SackettStreet
Residential,retail 186dwellingunits(149market,37affordable),11,875sf
ofretail
20 253261BondStreet Residential 90dwellingunits(72market,18affordable)
21 191DouglassStreet Residential 10dwellingunits
22 213BondStreet Residential 21dwellingunits
23 462BalticStreet Office 35,551sf
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TABLE21(CONTINUED)
RECENTLYCOMPLETEDANDPLANNEDDEVELOPMENTPROJECTSWITHINANDNEARTHEFOCUSAREA
MAP
NO. NAME/ADDRESS USE UNITS/ROOMS/FLOORAREA
24
1813rd
Avenue
Hotel
65,785
sf
25 1504thAvenue Residential 95dwellingunits
26 611DeGrawStreet Hotel 10,000sf
271844thAvenue Residential,retail 30dwellingunits(24marketrate,6affordable),4,786sf
ofretail
282044thAvenue Residential,retail 134dwellingunits(107marketrate,27affordable),2,920
sfofretail
29643651UnionStreet Residential,retail 54dwellingunits(43marketrate,11affordable),5,582sf
ofretail
30 2653rdAvenue Hotel 18,130sf
31577UnionStreet,586
SackettStreet
Residential,retail,
communityfacility
139dwellingunits(111marketrate,28affordable),
13,485sfofretail,1,532sfofcommunityfacility
32 503PresidentStreet Residential 5dwellingunits
33 532542UnionStreet,495499PresidentStreet
Residential,retail
65
dwelling
units
(52
market
rate,
13
affordable),
5,755
sf
ofretail
34469PresidentStreet,305
NevinsStreet,514Union
Street
Residential 185dwellingunits(148market,37affordable)
35 543PresidentStreet Residential 31dwellingunits
36 545PresidentStreet Residential 10dwellingunits
37 561PresidentStreet Residential 50dwellingunits(48market,2affordable)
38509CarrollStreet,530
PresidentStreet
Residential 95dwellingunits
39 325337NevinsStreet Residential 34dwellingunits
40341NevinsStreet,431
CarrollStreet
Residential 8dwellingunits
41 420458CarrollStreet,3223rdAvenue
Residential,
communityfacility612
dwelling
units
(509
market
rate,
103
affordable),
30,000sfofcommunityfacility
423053rdAvenue Residential,office 31dwellingunits(25marketrate,6affordable),8,592sf
ofoffice
439DentonPlace,2724th
Avenue,538CarrollStreet
Residential,retail 86dwellingunits(71marketrate,17affordable),2,896sf
ofretail
442842904thAvenue,21
DentonPlace
Residential,retail 76dwellingunits(62marketrate,14affordable),1,330sf
ofretail
4527DentonPlace Residential,office 152dwellingunits(122marketrate,30affordable),
11,361sfofoffice
46
ConEdison/block
boundedby1stand3rd
Streets,3rdand4th
Avenues
Office 49,552sq.ft.
47 567WarrenStreet Residential 20dwellingunits
48 126FourthAvenue Residential 50dwellingunits
49WholeFoodsMarket/220
ThirdStreet(at3rd
Avenue)
Commercialretail
(supermarket)
52,000sq.ft.
50 3993rdAvenue Office 78,251sf
51 4104thAvenue Residential 59dwellingunits
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TABLE21(CONTINUED)
RECENTLYCOMPLETEDANDPLANNEDDEVELOPMENTPROJECTSWITHINANDNEARTHEFOCUSAREA
MAP
NO. NAME/ADDRESS USE UNITS/ROOMS/FLOORAREA
52
2327th
Street
Residential
7dwelling
units
534333rdAvenue Residential,
commercial
26dwellingunits,4,956sfofretail
54 1868thStreet Residential 8dwellingunits
55 2028thStreet Residential 43dwellingunits
56 5004thAvenue Residential 132dwellingunits
57 18713thStreet Residential 13dwellingunits
58 5313rdAvenue Hotel 24,771sf
59 5744thAvenue Residential 80dwellingunits
60 56StrongPlace Residential 3dwellingunits(Conversion)
61 2254thAvenue Residential,Retail 40dwellingunits,3,131sfofretail
622676thStreet Residential,Retail,
CommunityFacility
107dwellingunits,3,938sfofretail,3,938sfof
communityfacility
space
633854thAvenue Residential,
CommunityFacility
51dwellingunits,6,513sfambulatorycarefacility
64 675SackettStreet Residential 38dwellingunits
65 571CarrollStreet Residential 18dwellingunits
66 580CarrollStreet Residential 7dwellingunits
67 15515thStreet Residential 31dwellingunits
68 18215thStreet Residential 31dwellingunits
STUDYA
A
numbe projects
in
M r re men on
projects The large me ,
312 BondStreet(297units),and420450Carrol (612units).Severalotherdevelopments
includem el
Ve few s w th
Mostcom velopmentwouldbe localreta ver,threeofficeprojects,the largestof
whichwo squ eh oject
wouldbe located 3rdStreet.
In wn BO, and Vinegar Hill, there has been and continues to be extensive
growth i andoffice space.These includea mix of building conversions andnew
co ruc
the
st the
Atla velopment
is
taking
shape.
This
projectw sport icetow 5,000residentialunits,andretail
andcom
REA
r
of
development
sidential redevelop
are
proposedt is proposed al
the
areas
north
and
east
of
the
Focus
Area.g and surrounding the Gowanus Canal. Theseajo
range in size. st new develop nts would be 363365 Bond Street (427 units)
lStreet333
orethan100newdw lingunits.
ry commercial project
mercialde
ere identified in e Focus Area and surrounding neighborhoods.
il.Howe
uldbeabout78,000 arefeet,andfiv otelsareplanned.Thelargestnewretailpr
aWholeFoods
town Brooklyn, DUM
n residentialunits
at220
Do
nst tion.
Just
outside udy
area,
ntic
Yards
redeillresultinanew sarena,off ers,morethan
munityfacilityspace.
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2.4 ZONINGGenerally,
transit acce al areas outside Downtow dium density,
exce
for
near
Avenue ts
at
other
locations mdensity realsow usArea,however,
is arilyzonedformanufactu erdensityresidentialuses.Muchof itszoningreflects
th isto charactero sArea.T nofthiszoningpolicyandlackof
ea acce pacitytran has likel comparatively lowergrowth in
Re oo entifiesth aandtheStudyArea.TheNew
Yo theFoc dStudy edinAppendixA.
FOCUSA
The dHook isgenerally andM31districts.
Thenort ofRedHo m acturing
districts
with
high
performanc t
buffer
between
lower
pe rma uringdist jacent ance
standards are minimum require um allowable limits on noise, vibration, smoke,
od and f indust 11dist cludewarehouses,woodworking
shops, a repair wholes storage facilities. M21 districts
al ma sthatfa lightan rialareas.Performancestandards
fo ese lower th in M1 d districts are intended for heavy
in trie enoise,t ollutants powerplants,solidwaste
ansferfacilities,recyclingplants,andfuelsupplydepots.
ocksoftheFocusAreaareR5andR6zoningdistricts.R5districtsaremediumdensity
districtstypifiedby three to fourstoryapartmentbuildingsand rowhouses.R6
along portions of Hamilton Avenue. C1 districts are
d in 2002 in the area south of Coffey Street
lusesarenotpermittedinmanufacturingdistrictsandviceversa.
Downtown Brooklyn is zoned high density as it is a commercial center and has ample
ss. The residenti n Brooklyn are generally me
housing
developmenpt
new
construction
Atlantic
and
public.Thesemediu districtsa
ringand low
ellservedbytransit.TheFoc
prim
eh ricindustrial ftheFocu hecombinatio
sy sstohighca sitservice ycontributedto
dH k.Table22 id ezoningdistricts intheFocusAre
rkCityzoningmapsfor usAreaan Areaareprovid
REA
Re waterfront zonedasmanufacturingwithM11,M21,
heastportion ok isalsozoned
e
standards
tha
anufacturing.M11districtsaremanuf
typically
serve
as
arfo ncemanufact rictsandad
ments or maxim
commercialorresidentialdistricts.Perform
or, othereffectso rialuses.M rictstypicallyin
uto storage and shops, and ale service and
low nufacturinguse llbetween dheavyindust
r th districts are an those istricts. M31
dus sthatgenerat raffic,orp .Typicaluses include
tr
Theinteriorbl
general residence
districtsare
also
medium
density
general
residence
districts.
Apartment
houses
in
R6
districts
can
rangefromlowrisethreestorybuildingstomidrise,eight to10storybuildings.
Commercialzoningdistricts in theFocusArea includeaC11overlayalongVanBruntStreet,C13
districtsalongtwoblocksofLorraineStreet,andaC12districtonthesouthsideof9thStreet.There
are also small commercial zoning districts
generally local retail districts in residential neighborhoods and are often overlaid on residential
zones to allow groundlevel retail. Typical uses in C1 districts include grocery stores, small dry
cleaningestablishments,restaurants,andbarbershops.
An MX5 special use district (M11/R5) was mappe
between Conover and Van Brunt Streets. Targeted for industrial areas, this district allows for the
developmentofresidential,commercial,communityfacilities,andlightmanufacturing/industrialby
combiningmanufacturing
zoning
(M1)
with
residential
zoning
(R3
R10).
Commercial,
residential,
and
light manufacturing uses can occupy the same lot side by side or use the same building. Under
conventionalzoning,residentia
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216
TABLE22:
FOCUS AREAANDSTUDYAREAZONINGDISTRICTS
DISTRICT
MAXIMUMFLOORAREARATIO
(FAR) USES/ZONETYPE
R5
1.25RES;
2.0
CF
General
residence
district
R6 2.43RES;4.8CF Generalresidencedistrict
R6A 3.0RESandCF Generalresidencedistrict;contextual
R6B 2.0RESandCF Generalresidencedistrict;contextual
R7A 4.0RESandCF Generalresidencedistrict;contextual
R71 3.44RES;4.8CF Generalresidencedistrict
R8 6.02RES;6.5CF Generalresidencedistrict
R8A 6.02RES;6.5CF Generalresidencedistrict;contextual
R8B 4.0RES;4.0CF Generalresidencedistrict;contextual
R91 7.52RES;10.0CF Generalresidencedistrict
C11 2.0COM;2.43RES Commercialoverlaywithinaresidentialdistrict
C21 2.0COM;2.43RES Commercialoverlaywithinaresidentialdistrict
C24 2.0COM;2.43RES Commercialoverlaywithinaresidentialdistrict
C43 3.4COM;2.43RES;4.8CF Regionalcommercialcenteroutsidethecentralbusinessdistrict
C52A 10.0COM;10.0(12.0w/bonus)RES;
10.0CF
RestrictedCentralCommercialDistrictintendedprimarilyforretail
usesservingmetropolitanregion;highdensityresidential
C54 10.0(12.0w/bonus)COM,RES,andCF Centralcommercialdistrictservingwidermetropolitanregion
C61 6.0(7.2w/bonus)COM;3.44RES;6.5
(7.8w/bonus)CF
Highbulkcommercialdistrict
C61A 6.0COM;2.43(2.2onnarrowstreets)
RES;6.0(7.2w/bonus)CF
Highbulkcommercialdistrict
C62 6.0(7.2w/bonus)COM;6.02(7.2on
widestreets)RES;6.5(7.8w/bonus)CF
Highbulkcommercialdistrict
C62A 6.0COM;6.02RES;6.5CF Highbulkcommercialdistrict
C6
4
10.0
(12.0
w/
bonus)
COM;
10.0
(12.0
w/bonus)RES;10.0(12.0w/bonus)CF High
bulk
commercial
district
C64.5 12.0(14.4w/bonus)COM;10.0(12.0w/
bonus)RES;10.0(12.0w/bonus)CF
Highbulkcommercialdistrict
M11 1.0MANorCOM;2.4CF Lightindustrialdistrictborderingresidentialorcommercialdistrict
M12 2.0MANorCOM;4.8CF Lightindustrialdistrictborderingresidentialorcommercialdistrict
M14 2.0MANorCOM;6.5CF Lightindustrialdistrictborderingresidentialorcommercialdistrict
M15 5.0MANorCOM;6.5CF Lightindustrialdistrictborderingresidentialorcommercialdistrict
M16 10MAN,COMorCF Lightindustrialdistrictborderingresidentialorcommercialdistrict
M21 2.0MANorCOM Highperformancemediumscaleindustrialdistrict
M31 2.0MANorCOM Lowperformanceheavymanufacturing
MX2 2.0MANorCOM;6.5CF;6.02RES Mixeduselightindustrialandmediumdensityresidential
MX5 1.25RES;1.0MANorCOM;2.0CF Mixeduselightindustrialandmediumdensityresidential
DB Varies DowntownBrooklynSpecialZoningDistrict
LH1 NotApplicable LimitedHeightoverlaydistrict
SV1 NotApplicable BrooklynHeightsScenicViewdistrict
Notes: RES=Residential;COM=Commercial;MAN=Manufacturing;CF=CommunityFacility
NYCZoningResolution;ZoningHandbook,DCPJanuary,2006.Sources:
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STUDYAREA
Zoning districts in the Study Area include: R6, R6A
C4 2,C62A, C64, and districts;C11,
C24 comm overlay districts; M11, M12, M21, and M31
ma actu MX2 mixeduse ited height overlay districts. Inaddition, wntownBrooklyn f BrooklynDistrict (DB),
an not umberofareasared
Th ter on Hill and Carroll G (M11) and residential
(R 6B terior blocks have ntial zoning (R6, R6A, and R6B).
Co erc ricts(C11,C14,C2 mbia,Smith,andCourtStreetsas
we At Therearealsoasm gSmithStreetnearthe
boundary ollGardensandRed
Al w klynHeightsiszon tisdesignatedtheSV1Brooklyn
HeightsSc t,whichregulates oklynHeightsto
th ter rof
Brooklyn
He
residential
R6 R7 rcialoverlaydist reetandaC15
overlayisprovided the
DUMBOa garHillcontainamixofr cluding
m m ,
wa on o dges.Otherareasaregenerally
residential e and commercial overlay zones
peppered borhoods.
M f D nsity commercial districts. The
a als n rict.Developmentswithin this
di ar gulations, ground floor retail
requireme weencommercialandresidentialareas.
2.5 PUB
, R6B, R7A, R71, R8A, and R91 residential
districts;
C21, and
3, C52A, C54,C61, C61A,C6
ercial
C64.5commercial
M14, M15,
nuf ring districts; district; and LH1 lim
portionsofDo allwithin theSpecialDowntown
das edbelow,an esignatedhistoricdistricts.
e wa front of Clint ardens is zoned manufacturing
6A, R , and R7A). In medium density reside
mm ialoverlaydist 1,andC24)lineColu
llas lanticAvenue. allnumberofM31zonesalon
betweenCarr Hook.
ongits aterfront,Broo edM21.Itswaterfron
enicViewDistric developmentinaviewplanefromBro
ewa front.
The
interio ights
west
of
Court
Street
is
primarily
zoned
and .AC13comme rict lines severalblocksofMontagueSt
alongHenryStreetnear
ndVine
ClarkStreetSubwayStation.
esidentialandmanufacturingzoningdistricts, in
ultiple ixedusedesignations.Generally themanufacturingdesignationsarealongtheEastRiver
terfr tandintheareabetweentheBr oklynandManhattanBri
districts (R6 and R7). There ar
throughouttheseneigh
also commercial zones
ost o owntown Brooklyn is mapped w
pecialDow
ith medium and highde
rea is odesignatedas theS townBrooklyn (DB)Dist
strict e required to conform to specia
nts,andzonesoftransitionbet
l height and setback re
LICPOLICYTh re initiativ .
So oli arecitywide .
Th ow someofthe l
ci in lytoboththeFo
R O
In ,th roved :APlan
fo m unit eareas
fut dev ent.The197aPlanpropo tialcommunityand
promote residential develop ic development, including
op ni nts;preserveandex improveservices
ess and internal
erfront access; promote Red Hooks
ulturalandhistoricresources;andrezoneareastopromotedevelopmentandmaintaincontext.
erea anumberofpublicpolicy esthatapplytotheFocusAreaand/ortheStudyArea
mep cies,suchasPlaNYC, initiativeswhileothersaremorelocalizedundertakings
efoll ingsectionsdescribe policiesthatarespecifictothefocusareaandgenera
tywide itiativesthatapp cusAreaandtheStudyArea.
EDHO K197APLAN
1996 eNewYorkCityCouncilapp a197aPlanforRedHook,Brooklyn.RedHook
rCom unity
Regeneration
is
acomm y
based
plan
that
serves
as
aframework
for
th
ure elopm sedto: improvetheexistingresiden
affordable ment; promote econom
portu tiesforreside pand industrialandmaritimeactivity;
to residents, including education and healthcare; improve transportation acc
circulation for businesses and residents; improve public wat
c
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218
WhilemanyplaninitiativeswouldimprovetheabilitytoliveandworkinRedHookandwerewidely
esscommunityfeltthatthe
residential rezoning of industrial sites and the
RedHooks first full
MENTZONEANDNYCINDUSTRIALBUSINESSZONE
ministeredbythe
dustrial Development Corporation, agroupof businessowners, community
leaders,andelectedofficialsformedin1978tobolsterthelocaleconomy.
tmentbytheCityto
manufacturinguseto
is also committed to providing technical and financial assistance to
IBZsandmakingtaxcreditsavailabletofirmsthatrelocatetoIBZs.
d
coastalzone.NewYorkCityandStatehaveadoptedpoliciesaimedatprotecting resources inthe
supported, there were conflicting views on the introduction of new housing to the area. In
particular,thebusinesscommunityobjected toawidescale,mixeduserezoningof theRedHook
andtheintroductionofresidentialusesatcertainlocations.
The197
aPlan
recommended
achange
from
industrial
to
mixed
use
zoning
for
many
interior
blocks
oftheFocusArea.Whilesuchzoningwouldallowforthecontinuedoperationof industrialuses, it
wouldalsoprovidefortheasofrightdevelopmentofhousing.Thebusin
introductionofhousingintheseareaswouldnotbeappropriateandcouldimpedetheiroperations.
TheCityPlanningCommissionagreedandnarrowedthescopeoftheproposedmixedusezoningto
asmallernumberofblocks.
The 197a Plan reflected a commitment to increase the areas population by providing for new
affordable housing. The plan recommended the
conversion of underused buildings. Although the 197a Plan acknowledged the retention of Red
Hooks maritime uses as one of its primary goals, the rezoning of industrial sites or publicly
sponsored reoccupation of industrial buildings was considered by the business community to
underminethe
long
time
operation
of
industries
in
the
area.
Some initiativesofthe197aPlanhavebeenrealizedsuchastheopeningof
servicebankbranch in1997, the refurbishmentandnewconstructionofneighborhoodparks, the
openingoftheRedHookCommunityJusticeCenter,andtherenovationoftheSullivanStreetHotel
asanaffordablehousingproject.In2006,theFairwayMarketopenedat480500VanBruntStreet
inaformerindustrialbuildingthatwasidentifiedfornewmixedusedevelopmentinthe197aPlan.
SOUTHWESTBROOKLYNECONOMICDEVELOP
In1994,NewYorkStateGovernorMarioCuomodesignatedRedHookandthenearbySunsetPark
and Gowanus neighborhoods as the Southwest Brooklyn Economic Development Zone (now the
SouthwestBrooklyn
Empire
Zone).
This
initiative
was
launched
to
provide
tax
credit
incentives
to
spurbusinessexpansionandthecreationofjobs.ItisfundedbytheStateandad
SouthwestBrooklyn In
MostofthewaterfrontintheFocusAreaalsofallswithintheSouthwestBrooklynIndustrialBusiness
Zone (IBZ), which also includes the waterfronts of the adjacent neighborhoods of Gowanus and
SunsetPark.AnIBZisdefinedasamanufacturingareathatreflectsthecommi
not implementzoningchangesorvariancesthatwouldallowachange from
residential use. The City
industrialbusinesseswithin
Following implementation of the IBZ, a number of vacant waterfront sites were reoccupied. The
Brooklyn
Cruise
Terminal
and
a
large
beverage
distributor
(Phoenix
Beverage)
are
maritime
and
industrialusesthatrecentlybeganoperationswithintheEmpireZoneandtheIBZ.
LOCALWATERFRONTREVITALIZATIONPROGRAM
AlloftheFocusAreaaswellasDUMBO,VinegarHill,theBrooklynHeights,CobbleHill,andCarroll
Gardenswaterfront,andareasalongtheGowanusCanalarewithintheCityandStatesdesignate
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219
coastalzone.TheCitysWaterfrontRevitalizationProgram(WRP)contains10majorpoliciesfocused
on improving public access to the waterfront; reducing damage from flooding and other water
related disasters; protecting water quality, sensitive habitats (such as wetlands), and the aquatic
ecosystem;reusingabandonedwaterfrontstructures;andpromotingdevelopmentwithappropriate
tion advantages that make portions of the coastal zone especially
waterfront greenway have opened in the Study Area: between Old Fulton Street and Atlantic
ic
terminal) designed to
relax, and shop. In TOD
Bicycle Network
Project ND), a joint of City Planning, Department of Parks and
The BND goals are to implement and
land
uses.
The
principles
of
the
WRP
formed
the
basis
for
a
New
York
City
Department
of
CityPlanning study and the resulting adoption of new waterfront zoning. The New York City Planning
CommissioncertifieswhetheraproposedactionisincompliancewiththecitysWRP.TheNewYork
StateDepartmentofStatehasthisresponsibilityonthestatelevel.
The Red Hook waterfront is designated a Significant Maritime and Industrial Area. These working
waterfront areas have loca
valuableasindustrialareas.PublicinvestmentwithintheSignificantMaritimeandIndustrialAreais
intendedtoimprovetransportationaccessandmaritimeandindustrialoperations.Thedesignation
ofRedHookasaSignificantMaritimeandIndustrialAreareflectstheCityscommitmenttomaintain
its maritime history and discourage the replacement of waterdependent industry with highrise
housing,officespace,andothersuchuses.
BROOKLYNWATERFRONTGREENWAYMASTERPLAN
NYCDOT is developing a master plan to focus the implementation of the Brooklyn Waterfront
Greenway, a 14mile, waterfront bicycle and pedestrian path, stretching from Sunset Park to
Greenpoint.ThegoaloftheprojectistoopenunderutilizedstretchesoftheBrooklynwaterfrontto
recreation, and to provide a safe and attractive space for walking and cycling. Portions of the
AvenuewithinthenewlyconstructedBrooklynBridgePark,andalongColumbiaStreetfromAtlant
AvenuetoDeGrawStreet,justoutsideoftheFocusArea.NYCDOTiscurrentlyevaluatingoptionsfor
theGreenwaysalignmentthroughtheFocusArea.
TRANSITORIENTEDDEVELOPMENT
Transitoriented development (TOD) is characterized by a highdensity mix of residential and
commercial uses anchored by a transit center (typically a rail station or
increase mass transit use and provide places for people to live, work,
communities,concentrateddevelopment isgenerally locatedwithintomileswalkingdistance
ofatransitstation,withthedensityofdevelopmentdecreasingoutwards fromthetransitcenter.
The New York City Zoning Resolution reflects the Citys policy of encouraging high density
development in areas with significant mass transit access, with the goal of promoting the
opportunityforpeopletoworkinthevicinityoftheirresidences. WithintheStudyArea,the2009
DUMBOrezoningfurtherstheCitysTODgoal.
NEWYORKCITYBICYCLEMASTERPLAN
The New York City Bicycle Master Plan was produced in the first phase of the
Development (B Department
Recreation, and Department of Transportation project.
maintainthecityson andoffstreetbicyclenetwork,toimprovecyclingsafety,toimprovebicycle
accessonbridgesandmasstransit,andtoencouragecyclinginpublicandprivateorganizations.The
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BicycleMasterPlanidentifiesportionsofClinton,Henry,Bergen,andDeanStreetsintheStudyArea
aspriorityroutesforimprovingandexpandingthecitysonstreetnetworkofcyclingamenities.
PLANYC
In2007,
the
Mayors
Office
of
Long
Term
Planning
and
Sustainability
released
PlaNYC:
A
Greener,
Greater New York. PlaNYC represents a comprehensive and integrated approach to planning for
NewYorkCitysfuture. It includespoliciestoaddressthreekeychallengesthattheCityfacesover
the next 20 years: (1) population growth; (2) aging infrastructure; and (3) global climate change.
reidentifiedfortheFocusAreaintheMayorsOfficeof
StrategicPlanning
2010
PlaNYC
progress
report.
ficeofLongTermPlanningandSustainability,
Elements of the plan are organized into six categoriesland, water, transportation, energy, air
quality,andclimatechangewithcorrespondinggoalsand initiatives.SomeofthegeneralPlaNYC
policy initiatives have been or are in the process of being implemented throughout the city,
includingboththeFocusAreaandtheStudyArea.PlaNYCdevelopmentsspecifictothestudyarea
include:anewpublicplazaopenedinDUMBOin2007;andtheimplementationorenhancementof
bicycle lanes in Cobble Hill, Boerum Hill, Downtown Brooklyn, and along the Columbia Street
waterfront.NospecificPlaNYCinitiativeswe
LocalLaw17of2008establishedtheNewYorkCityOf
and the requirement for this office to develop and implement a comprehensive longterm
sustainabilityplan.LocalLaw17of2008requiresthesustainabilityplantobeupdatedbyApril2011
andeveryfouryearsthereafter.PlaNYCistheCityslongtermsustainabilityplanuntilsuchtimeas
itisupdatedbytheOfficeofLongTermPlanningandSustainability.
2.6 HISTORICRESOURCESTheStudyAreacontainsanumberofhistoricdistricts(seeTable23)andlandmarkedbuildingsand
structures(seeTable24andFigures24and25).
TABLE23:
HISTORICDISTRICTS
NAME NHL LPC S/NR
S/NR
ELIGIBLE
NYCL
ELIGIBLE
AdmiralsRowHistoricDistrict X
BoerumHillHistoricDistrict X X
BrooklynHeightsHistoricDistrict X X X
BrooklynNavyYardHistoricDistrict X
CarrollGardensHistoricDistrict X X
CarrollGardensHistoricDistrictExtension X X
CobbleHillHistoricDistrictandExtension X X
DUMBO
Historic
District
X
X
FultonFerryHistoricDistrict X X
GowanusCanalHistoricDistrict X
VinegarHillHistoricDistrict X
Notes: NHL = National Historic Landmark; LPC = New York City Landmark or Historic District; S/NR = State and
NationalRegisterofHistoricPlaces;NYCL=NewYorkCityLandmark
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TABLE24:
HISTORIC BUILDINGSANDSTRUCTURES
MAP
NO. NAME ADDRESS NHL LPC S/NR
S/NR
ELIGIBLE
NYCL
ELIGIBLE
FOCUSAREA
58 Pier41 VanDykeStreetandFerris
Street
X
59 RedHookStores 480500VanBrundtStreet X
60 BeardStores 421573VanBrundtStreet X
61 99113VanDykeStreet X X
62 BrooklynClayRetortandFireBrick
WorksStorehouse
7686VanDykeStreet X X
63 106110BeardStreet X X
64 ErieBasinBulkhead SurroundingRichards
StreetsouthofBeard
Street
X
65 FormerRevereSugarRefinery RichardsStreetsouthof
BeardStreet
X
66 GravingDockNo.1 ErieBasinsouthwestof
BeardStreet(Ikeasite)
X
67 GantryCrane ErieBasinsouthwestof
BeardStreet(Ikeasite)
X
68 PortAuthorityGrainTerminal HenryStreetBasin,south
ofHalleckStreet
X
69 RedHookPlayCenterandPool 155BayStreet X X
70 IND9thand10thStreetSubway
Viaduct
Along9thand10thStreets
betweenSmithStreetand
FifthAvenue
X
STUDYAREA
1 BrooklynBridge X X X
2
ManhattanBridge
X
3 BrooklynCityRailroadCompany 8CadmanPlazaWest X X
4 ThomsonMeterCompa gnyBuildin 100110BridgeStreet X X
5 Commandant'sHouse,Brooklyn
NavyYard
EvansStreetatLittleStreet X
6 PlymouthChurchofthePilgrims 75HicksStreet X X
7 BrooklynHistoricalSociety 128PierrepontStreet X
8 St.AnnandtheHolyTrinity
Church
157MontagueStreet X X
9 BrooklynTrustCompanyBuilding 177179MontagueStreet X X
10 UnitedStatesPostOfficeand
CourtHouse,BrooklynCentral
Office
271301CadmanPlazaEast X X
11 FormerPublicSchool5 122TillaryStreet X
12 JosephJ.JacobsBuilding,
PolytechnicUniversity
305315JayStreet X
13 FirstFreeCongregationalChurch 311BridgeStreet X X
14 LeffertsLaidlawHouse 136ClintonStreet X
15 IRTBoroughHallSubwayStation JunctionofJoralemon,
Court,andAdamsStreets
X X
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TABLE24(CONTINUED)
HISTORIC BUILDINGSANDSTRUCTURES
MAP
NO. NAME ADDRESS NHL LPC S/NR
S/NR
ELIGIBLE
NYCL
ELIGIBLE
16
BrooklynCity
Hall
(aka
Brooklyn
BoroughHall)209
Joralemon
Street
X
X
17 345AdamsStreet X X
18 BrooklynFriendsSchool 375PearlStreet X
19 BrooklynFireHeadquarters 365367JayStreet X X
20 NewYorkandNewJersey
TelephoneandTelegraphBuilding
81WilloughbyStreet X X
21 DuffieldStreetHouses 182188DuffieldStreet X
22 LongIslandHeadquartersofthe
NewYorkTelephoneCompany
97105WilloughbyStreet X X
23 St.BonifaceChurch 111WilloughbyStreet X
24 423FultonStreet X
25
AtlanticAvenue
Tunnel
Atlantic
Avenue
between
BoerumPlaceand
ColumbiaStreet
X
26 FormerBoardofEducation
Headquarters
110LivingstonStreet X X
27 Gage&TollnerRestaurant 372FultonStreet X X
28 376FultonStreet X X
29 BoardofEducationBuilding 131LivingstonStreet X X
30 FormerAmericaForeBuilding 141LivingstonStreet X X
31 386388FultonStreet X
32 FormerAbraham&Strauss
Buildings
418430FultonStreetand
1529GallatinPlace
X X
33 495FultonStreet X
34 233DuffieldStreet X X
35 OffermanBuilding 503513FultonStreet X X
36 446FultonStreet X
37 A.I.Namm&SonDepartment
Store
450458FultonStreet X
38 DimeSavingsBank 9DeKalbAvenue X
39 FriendsMeetingHouseandSchool 110SchermerhornStreet X X
40 BrooklynCentralCourthouse 120SchermerhornStreet X X
41 StateStreetHouses 291299,290324State
Street
X X
42 FormerLoesser'sDepartment
Store
25ElmPlace X
43 565571FultonStreet X
44 308310LivingstonStreet X X
45 PioneerWarehouses 3753and7492Rockwell
Place
X X
46 BaptistTemple 360SchermerhornStreet X
47 FormerPublicSchool15 372SchermerhornStreet X
48 522550StateStreet X
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TABLE24(CONTINUED)
HISTORIC BUILDINGSANDSTRUCTURES
MAP
NO. NAME ADDRESS NHL LPC S/NR
S/NR
ELIGIBLE
NYCL
ELIGIBLE
49
IRT/BMTAtlantic
Avenue
Subway
StationIntersection
of
Atlantic,
Flatbush,and4thAvenuesX
50 AtlanticAvenueControlHouse IntersectionofAtlanticand
FlatbushAvenues
X
51 WyckoffStreetRowblocks 74132and196258
WyckoffStreet
X X
52 CobbleHillHighSchool 347BalticStreet X
53 BrooklynPublicLibrary,Carroll
GardensBranch
396ClintonStreet X
54 BrooklynUnionGasCompany
Building
180UnionStreet X
55 JohnRankinHouse 440ClintonStreet X X
56 St.Paul'sProtestantEpiscopal
Church
199CarrollStreet X
57 SouthCongregationalChurch
Complex
358366CourtStreet,253
269PresidentStreet
X X
Notes: c Land k City Landmark r Historic Distric S/NR = Sta and
Pla YorkCityLan mark
NHL = National Histori
NationalRe
mark; LPC = New Yor o t; te
gisterofHistoric ces;NYCL =New d
Large Area istric , incl ding m of Brooklyn
H an The Brooklyn Heights Historic Distric the
Brooklyn Bridge, Plymouth Church St. and the Holy Trinity Churc are
N n s, wh est level of protection under Federal
preser ws.
S a
individual
buildings
are
lis r
listing
n
the
nd
National
Register
of
H r natedor as ewYorkCit Landmarks.Inthe cus
Area, ere is a cluster of such st the waterfront betwee Van Brunt and Dwight
S t ea in Brooklyn,particularly
along eetandFultonStreet.
sections of the Study are designated historic d ts u uch
eights, DUMBO, Vinegar Hill, d Carroll Gardens. t,
of the Pilgrims, and Ann h
atio al Historic Landmark
vationla
ich receive the high
ever l ted
or
eligible
fo o
State a
isto icPlacesoraredesig eligiblefordesignation N y Fo
th ructures along n
tree s. IntheStudyArea,ther
JayStr
reseveralhistoricstructures Downtown
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FIGURE23:
HISTORICDISTRICTS,BUILDINGSANDSTRUCTURES(NORTHERNHALFOFSTUDYAREA)
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FIGURE24:
ICDISTRICTS,BUILDINGS,ANDSTRUCTURES(SOUTHERNHALFOFSTUDYAREA/FOCUSHISTOR AREA)
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2.7 CONCLUSIONThe
Depression. Intheearlyportionoftheperiod,developmentwas fueledbymaritimeactivitiesand
industrial
uses.
As
transportation,
particularly
subway
and
streetcar
service,
improved
access
to,
from,andwithintheseareas,therewasrapidresidentialandcommercialdevelopment.Downtown
Brooklynbecamea hub ofmunicipaland retail uses in theborough, andmany of its surrounding
neighborhoodsbecamethebedroomcommunitiesofitsworkers.
FollowingWorldWarII,economicdeclineintheCitysindustrialsectordevastatedtheemployment
basesofRedHookandotherwaterfrontdistrictsofBrooklyn.Atthesametime,manymiddleclass
residents fled inner city neighborhoods, resulting in the deterioration and abandonment of the
housingstockandsubsequentdeclineinsupportservices.
Inthe1980s,portionsoftheStudyAreabegantoturnaround.Arealestateboomresulted inthe
constructionofnewhighrisebuildings inDowntownBrooklyn,and itssurroundingneighborhoods
were reoccupied by residents. Through the 1990s this trend extended to DUMBO, where former
warehouseand
industrial
buildings
were
converted
to
residential
use,
and
in
the
first
part
of
this
decadenewinvestmenthasextendedtootherwaterfrontareas.
In the Focus Area, the pace of new investment has been less robust than elsewhere in the study
area,buttherecentdevelopmentoftheAtlanticBasinandlargescaleretailusesindicatearenewed
interest in the area. These large projects have been complemented by smaller residential
conversionsandagrowingartistcommunity.However,RedHookremainsisolatedfromsurrounding
areasandsuffersfrompooraccesstotheboroughstransitinfrastructure.
Focus Area and Study Area developed rapidly between the mid 1800s and the Great
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3.0 SOCIALANDECONOMICCHARACTERISTICS3.1 DEMOGRAPHICSThissectiondescribesthedemographicprofileofthecombinedFocusAreaandStudyArea.1When
appropriate,localstatisticsarecomparedtoBrooklynasawhole.
POPULATION
In1990,theU.S.BureauoftheCensusestimatedthat10,846residentslivedinRedHook.By2000,
the population decreased by approximately six percent to 10,215 residents. The Focus Area
populationhas increasedsince2000,andtoday isestimatedat10,695people. Incomparison,the
overallStudyAreaspopulationhassteadily increased inthepast20years.In1990,approximately
SIDENTIALPOPULATION(19902010)
79,973 residents lived within the area. By 2000, the population increased by approximately eight
percent to 86,602 residents. The Study Area population has continued to increase and today is
estimatedat93,457people(seeTable31).
TABLE31:
RE
TOTALPOPULATION PERCENTCHANGE
LOCATION 1990 2000 2010 19902000 20002010
FocusArea 10,846 10,215 10,695 5.8% 4.7%
StudyArea 79,973 86,602 93,457 8.3% 7.9%
Sources: 1990and2000datafromU.S.BureauoftheCensus;2010estimatesfromESRI.
DENSITY
Figure
31
shows
the
geographic
distribution
of
the
Focus
Area
and
Study
Area
residential
populationdensityandemploymentdensity(discussedindetaillater),basedon2000datafromthe
U.S. Bureau of the Census. As shown, residents are more closely concentrated on interior blocks
withfewerpeoplealongthewaterfront.However,recentlycompleteddevelopmentandproposed
development in DUMBO, Vinegar Hill, and the Columbia Street Waterfront will increase the
populationdensityofthosewaterfrontneighborhoods.
1 Thiscensusprofileisbasedonthe10blockgroupsthatcorrespondmostcloselytoRedHooksboundaries,andthe95blockgroups
thatcorrespondmostcloselytotheStudyAreasboundaries.TheStudyArea iscomprisedofthefollowingBrooklyn(KingsCounty)
blockgroups:CensusTract1,BlockGroups1,2and3;CensusTract3.01,BlockGroups1,2,3,4and5;CensusTract3.02,BlockGroup
1;Census
Tract
5,
Block
Groups
1,
2,
3,
4and
5;
Census
Tract
7,
Block
Groups
1,
2and
3;
Census
Tract
9,
Block
Groups
1and
2;
Census
Tract11,BlockGroup1;CensusTract13,BlockGroups1and2;CensusTract21,BlockGroups1,2,3and4;CensusTract23,Block
Group1;CensusTract25,BlockGroups1and2;CensusTract27,BlockGroups1and2;CensusTract31,BlockGroups2and3;Census
Tract33,BlockGroup2;CensusTract35,BlockGroups1and2;CensusTract37,BlockGroups1and2;CensusTract39,BlockGroups
1and2;CensusTract41,BlockGroups1and4;CensusTract43,BlockGroups1,2,3and4;CensusTract45,BlockGroups2,3and4;
CensusTract47,BlockGroups1and2;CensusTract49,BlockGroups1,2and3;CensusTract51,BlockGroups1,2and3;Census
Tract55,BlockGroups1and2;CensusTract57,BlockGroups1,2,3,and4;CensusTract59,BlockGroups1,2and3;CensusTract
63,BlockGroups1and2;CensusTract65,BlockGroups1,2,3,4,5,6and7;CensusTract67,BlockGroups1,2,3,4and5;Census
Tract69,BlockGroups1,2,3and4;CensusTract75,BlockGroups2,3,4,and5;CensusTract77,BlockGroups1,2,3and4;and
CensusTract85,BlockGroup1.RedHookiscomprisedofthefollowingblockgroups:CensusTract55,BlockGroups1and2;Census
Tract57,BlockGroups1,2,3,and4;CensusTract59,BlockGroups1,2and3;andCensusTract85,BlockGroup1.
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FIGURE31:
POPULATIONANDEMPLOYMENTDENSITY
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TheFocusAreaisapproximately0.87squar pulationdensityisestimatedat12,323.56
personspersquaremile.Theo squaremiles.Incomparison
totheFocusArea,theStudyArea ismoredenseand isestimatedat31,880.37personspersquare
mile(seeTable32).
TABLE32:
POPULATIONDENSITY
emiles.Itspo
verallStudyArea isapproximately2.93
PERSONSPERSQUAREMILE PERCENTCHANGE
LOCATION 1990 2000 2010 19902000 20002010
FocusArea 12,497.55 11,770.47 12,323.56 5.8% 4.7%
StudyArea 27,280.67 29,541.97 31,880.37 8.3% 7.9%
Sources: 1990and2000datafromU.S.BureauoftheCensus;2010estimatesfromESRI.
AGE
Asshown inTable33,themajorityofresidents intheFocusAreaareworkingage(20to64years
old),
and
approximately
30
percent
are
school
aged
(5
to
19
years
old).
About
nine
percent
are
underfiveyearsoldandaboutninepercentareover65yearsold.IntheStudyArea,thepercentage
ofworkingagedpersonsismuchhigher(nearly71percent)thanintheFocusArea.Thepercentage
of senior citizens is also higher (nearly 12 percent), but the percentage of children is lower (5.5
percentunderfiveyearsand12.2percentschoolaged).
TABLE33:
AGEDISTRIBUTION
FOCUSAREA STUDYAREA
AGECOHORT 1990 2000 2010 1990 2000 2010
Under5Years 10.4% 8.5% 9.1% 5.7% 5.4% 5.5%
5Years
to
19
Years
(School
Aged)
28.4%
29.7%
25.1%
14.2%
13.7%
12.2%
20Yearsto64Years(WorkingAged) 53.1% 53.4% 57.0% 68.8% 70.3% 70.7%
Over65Years 8.1% 8.4% 8.8% 11.3% 10.6% 11.6%
MedianAge 26.5 28.1 28.5 32.0 34.8 36.3
Sources: U.SCensus,ESRI
ETHNICITY
As shown in Figure 32, Red Hook is a racially diverse community. The Latino population is the
largest ethnic group within the Focus Area, representing approximately 47 percent of the
population. African Americans represent 42 percent of the Focus Areas population. Whites
representeightpercentoftheFocusAreapopulation,andAsiansrepresentonepercent.Abouttwo
percentofthepopulationidentifiedthemselvesastwoormoreraces.
IntheStudyArea,thelargestpercentageofthepopulationisWhite(53percent).AfricanAmerican
and Latino each represent 19 percent of the population. About five percent of the population
identifiedthemselvesasAsian;threepercent identifiedthemselvesas twoormoreraces,and0.5
percentidentifiedthemselvesassomeotherrace(seeFigure33).
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FIGURE32:
RACIALCOMPOSITIONOFTHEFOCUSAREA
OSITI THES REA
FIGURE33:
RACIALCOMP ONOF TUDYA
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EDUCATIONALATTAINMENT
thehighestl residentsbasedon2000
. Over half of the Focus Areas adult populations have completed a high school
educ ion. Approximately 10 percent of residents have completed an undergraduate degree
rogram, and nearly three percent have completed a masters or professional degree program.49percentofadultresidentshavenotcompletedahighschooleducation.
theStudyArea,approximately82percentoftheareasadultresidentshaveahighschooldiploma
ee Figure 35). About 29 percent have completed an undergraduate degree program, and 26
ercent have a masters or professional degree. Approximately 18 percent of adult residents the
avenotcompletedahighschooleducation.
FIGURE34:
LEVELOFEDUCATIONINTHEFOCUSAREA
Figure34shows
Census data
evelofeducationalattainmentforFocusArea
at
p
About
In
(s
p
h
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FIGURE35:
ccording $19,417.As
inTable34,asubstantialnumberofhouseholds(approximately47.8percent)earnlessthan
15,000 per year. Only 10.2 percent of the households earn more than $50,000 per year. By
ontrast, in the Study Area, approximately 27 percent of households earn less than $25,000 per
year,andthemajority(52percent)earnsmorethan$50,000peryear.
TABLE34:
INCOMEDISTRIBUTION
LEVELOFEDUCATIONINTHESTUDYAREA
INCOME
A
shown
toCensusforecasts,the2010medianhouseholdincomefortheFocusAreais
$
c
PERCENTOFFOCUS PERCENTOFSTUDY
ANNUALINCOME AREAHOUSEHOLDS AREAHOUSEHOLDS
Lessthan$15,000 47.8% 18.0%
$15,000to$24,999 19.6% 8.6%
$25,000to$34,999 9.0% 8.7%
$35,000to$49,999 13.4% 13.6%
$50,000to
$74,999
6.2%
17.5%
$75,000to$99,999 2.2% 9.7%
$100,000to$149,999 0.9% 11.4%
$150,000to$199,999 0.3% 5.0%
$200,000andabove 0.6% 7.4%
Source: 2000Census
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Themedianhousehold income for theFocu asedslightlybetween1989and1999,and
has continued to increase in r e median household income
creasedbytwopercentbetween1989and1999andincreasedby22percentfrom1999to2010.
medianhousehold incomehasalso increasedfortheStudyArea(by34percentbetween1989
nd1999
and
by
28
percent
between
1999
and
2010).
TABLE35:
MEDIANHOUSEHOLDINCOME
sArea incre
ecent years. As shown in Table 35, th
in
The
a
LOCATION 1989 1999 2010
PERCENTCHANGE
19891999
PERCENTCHANGE
19992010
FocusArea $15,571 $15,928 $19,417 2% 22%
StudyArea $38,203 $51,164 $65,631 34% 28%
Sources: 2000 U.S. Census; ESRI. All values in 2010 dollars, based on US Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer
PriceIndex(CPI)
3.2 HOUSINGAsshown inTable36,theFocusAreaexperiencedanetgainof134dwellingunitsbetween1990
nd 2000, an increase of approximately three percent. This is a much lower increase than the 8
ercentgainfortheStudyAreaasawhole.Between2000and2010,theFocusAreahadanetgain
279 dwelling units (6.7 percent). Again, this is lower than the Study Areas increase of 11.2
ercent.I