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    B R O O K L Y N

    S T R E E T C A R

    F E A S I B I L I T Y S T U D Y

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    EXISTING CONDITIONS REPORT

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    BROOKLYNSTREETCAR

    FEASIBILITYSTUDY

    i

    TABLEOFCONTENTS

    1.0 INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................................1 11.1 PURPOSEOFTHESTUDY ....................................................................................................1 11.2 IDENTIFICATIONOFFOCUSAREAANDSTUDYAREA.........................................................111.3 METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................................. 11

    2.0LANDUSEANDCOMMUNITYCHARACTER...................................................................................212.1 DEVELOPMENTHISTORY....................................................................................................2 1

    FocusArea...................................................................................................................................21StudyArea...................................................................................................................................24

    2.2 LANDUSE ...........................................................................................................................2 5FocusArea...................................................................................................................................25StudyArea...................................................................................................................................28

    2.3 FUTUREDEVELOPMENTPLANS .......................................................................................210FocusArea.................................................................................................................................210StudyArea.................................................................................................................................214

    2.4 ZONING ............................................................................................................................215FocusArea.................................................................................................................................215StudyArea.................................................................................................................................217

    2.5 PUBLICPOLICY..................................................................................................................2 17RedHook197aPlan.................................................................................................................2 17SouthwestBrooklynEconomicDevelopmentZoneandNYCIndustrialBusinessZone.............218Local

    Waterfront

    Revitalization

    Program .................................................................................2

    18

    BrooklynWaterfrontGreenwayMasterPlan ...........................................................................219TransitOrientedDevelopment .................................................................................................219NewYorkCityBicycleMasterPlan............................................................................................2 19PlaNYC.......................................................................................................................................2 20

    2.6 HISTORICRESOURCES ......................................................................................................2202.7 CONCLUSION....................................................................................................................2 26

    3.0SOCIALANDECONOMICCHARACTERISTICS ...............................................................................3273.1 DEMOGRAPHICS...............................................................................................................3 27

    Population.................................................................................................................................327

    Density ......................................................................................................................................327Age ............................................................................................................................................329Ethnicity ....................................................................................................................................329EducationalAttainment............................................................................................................331Income ......................................................................................................................................332

    3.2 HOUSING..........................................................................................................................3 33

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    3.3 EMPLOYMENT.................................................................................................................. 3343.4 ENVIRONMENTALJUSTICECOMMUNITIES ..................................................................... 3353.5 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................... 338

    4.0TRANSPORTATION...................................................................................................................... 4394.1 ACCESSANDCIRCULATION.............................................................................................. 439

    VehicularAccessandCirculation.............................................................................................. 439TransitAccessandCirculation.................................................................................................. 440ParkingRegulations.................................................................................................................. 443

    4.2 TRAVELCHARACTERISTICS............................................................................................... 446Residents(Journeytowork) ..................................................................................................... 446Employees(ReverseJourneytoWork)..................................................................................... 449

    4.3 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................... 4525.0PRINCIPALCONCLUSIONS .......................................................................................................... 554FIGURES

    FIGURE11:STUDYAREAANDFOCUSAREA ...................................................................................... 12FIGURE21:LANDUSE ........................................................................................................................ 26FIGURE 22: RECENTLY COMPLETED AND PLANNED DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS

    WITHINANDNEARTHEFOCUSAREA ....................................................................................... 211FIGURE 23: HISTORIC DISTRICTS, BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES (NORTHERN HALF

    OFSTUDYAREA)........................................................................................................................ 224FIGURE 24: HISTORIC DISTRICTS, BUILDINGS, AND STRUCTURES (SOUTHERN HALF

    OFSTUDYAREA/FOCUSAREA)................................................................................................ 225FIGURE31:POPULATIONANDEMPLOYMENTDENSITY.................................................................. 328FIGURE32:RACIALCOMPOSITIONOFTHEFOCUSAREA................................................................ 330FIGURE33:RACIALCOMPOSITIONOFTHESTUDYAREA ................................................................ 330FIGURE34:LEVELOFEDUCATIONINTHEFOCUSAREA.................................................................. 331FIGURE35:LEVELOFEDUCATIONINTHESTUDYAREA .................................................................. 332FIGURE36:ENVIRONMENTALJUSTICECOMMUNITIES .................................................................. 337FIGURE41:EXISTINGTRANSITSERVICE........................................................................................... 441FIGURE42: BICYCLEROUTES .......................................................................................................... 444FIGURE43:ONSTREETPARKINGREGULATIONS ............................................................................ 445FIGURE44:PLACEOFWORKFORFOCUSAREARESIDENTS............................................................ 447FIGURE45:MEANSOFTRANSPORTATIONTOWORKFORFOCUSAREARESIDENTS ..................... 448FIGURE46:MEANSOFTRANSPORTATIONTOWORKFORSTUDYAREARESIDENTS...................... 448FIGURE

    47:

    TRAVEL

    TIME

    TO

    WORK

    FOR

    FOCUS

    AREA

    AND

    STUDY

    AREA

    RESIDENTS................... 4

    49

    FIGURE48:PLACEOFRESIDENCEFORFOCUSAREAWORKERS...................................................... 450FIGURE49:MODEOFTRAVELTOWORKFORFOCUSAREAWORKERS .......................................... 451FIGURE410:MODEOFTRAVELTOWORKFORSTUDYAREAWORKERS ........................................ 451FIGURE411:TRAVELTIMETOWORKFORFOCUSAREAANDSTUDYAREAWORKERS .................. 452

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    TABLESTABLE21:RECENTLYCOMPLETEDANDPLANNEDDEVELOPMENTPROJECTSWITHIN

    ANDNEARTHEFOCUSAREA.....................................................................................................2 12TABLE22:FOCUSAREAANDSTUDYAREAZONINGDISTRICTS .......................................................216TABLE

    23:

    HISTORIC

    DISTRICTS ........................................................................................................2

    20

    TABLE24:HISTORIC BUILDINGSANDSTRUCTURES........................................................................2 21TABLE31:RESIDENTIALPOPULATION(19902010).........................................................................3 27TABLE32:POPULATIONDENSITY.....................................................................................................3 29TABLE33:AGEDISTRIBUTION..........................................................................................................3 29TABLE34:INCOMEDISTRIBUTION...................................................................................................3 32TABLE35:MEDIANHOUSEHOLDINCOME.......................................................................................3 33TABLE36:HOUSINGUNITSANDRESIDENTIALVACANCYRATES.....................................................333TABLE37:DISTRIBUTIONOFRENTERANDOWNEROCCUPIEDHOUSINGUNITS ...........................334TABLE38:DISTRIBUTIONOFEMPLOYMENTBYCATEGORY ............................................................334TABLE39:EMPLOYMENTDENSITY...................................................................................................3 35TABLE

    310:

    ENVIRONMENTAL

    JUSTICE

    CHARACTERISTICS

    OF

    THE

    FOCUS

    AREA............................3

    36TABLE41:RIDERSHIPATSUBWAYSTATIONSWITHINTHESTUDYAREA ........................................440

    TABLE42:RIDERSHIPONBUSROUTESTHATSERVETHESTUDYAREA ...........................................442

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    Thispageintentionallyleftblank.

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    1.0 INTRODUCTION1.1 PURPOSEOFTHESTUDYThe New York City Department of Transportation (NYCDOT) is investigating the potential of a

    streetcarto,from,andwithintheRedHookneighborhoodofBrooklyn.TheintentofthestudyistodeterminethecurrentandfuturetransportationneedsoftheRedHookneighborhoodandidentify

    whetherastreetcarcaneffectivelymeettheseneeds. Inaddition,thestudywillanalyzestreetcar

    routings and will provide an initial assessment of potential streetcar alternatives, analyzing

    alignment,constructability,costs,andbenefits.Thisstudy isa firststep indevelopingsolutionsto

    transportationaccessneedsforRedHookandprovidesanopportunitytoevaluatethepotentialfor

    reintroducing the streetcar mode in Brooklyn. It will be followed by more detailed analysis if

    solutionsaredeterminedfeasible.

    This Existing Conditions Report provides a context for assessing the transportation needs of Red

    Hookandevaluatingstreetcarasapotentialtransitsolution.Itdescribesthelanduse,demographic,

    and community characteristics of Red Hook and adjacent areas and provides an overview of the

    existingtransportationoptionsforRedHooksresidents,workers,andvisitors.

    1.2 IDENTIFICATIONOFFOCUSAREAANDSTUDYAREATo evaluate the potential transit needs of Red Hook as well as potential connections to existing

    transit services in the BoroughofBrooklyn,a Focus Areaanda StudyArea wereestablished. The

    FocusArea isdefinedspecificallyastheneighborhoodofRedHook.TheStudyArea ismuch larger

    andencompassesthetransithubsofDowntownBrooklynandadjacentneighborhoods.

    The Focus Area (Red Hook) is located in Community District 6 of the Borough of Brooklyn. It is

    bounded by the Buttermilk Channel to the west, Hamilton Avenue, the BrooklynQueens

    Expressway,andtheBrooklynBatteryTunneltothenorth,theGowanusCanaltotheeast,andthe

    GowanusBay

    to

    the

    south

    (see

    Figure

    11).

    The

    Study

    Area

    borders

    the

    Focus

    Area

    to

    the

    north

    and

    includestheblocksbetweentheButtermilkChannelandEastRiverwaterfronttothewestandnorth

    and Hoyt Street, Ashland Place and 2nd Avenue to the east. The Study Area includes the

    neighborhoods of Carroll Gardens, Cobble Hill, Brooklyn Heights, Downtown Brooklyn, DUMBO,

    VinegarHill,BoerumHill,andGowanus.

    1.3 METHODOLOGYThis report summarizes data from a number of sources, including geographic information system

    data,fieldsurveys,theU.S.Census,andaliteraturereview.TheDowntownBrooklynSurfaceTransit

    Circulation Study was also used to identify land use and demographics for a large portion of the

    StudyArea.

    Demographic,economic,

    and

    travel

    characteristics

    are

    presented

    both

    for

    the

    Focus

    Area

    and

    the

    Study Area. The Focus Area statistics are the composite of data for the U.S. Census block groups

    withinRedHookasdefinedbytheboundaryshown inFigure11.StatisticsfortheStudyAreaare

    comprisedofallof theCensusblockgroupswithin theStudyAreaboundaryshown inFigure11,

    includingtheFocusArea.Therefore,theFocusAreastatisticsareasubsetofthefactorspresented

    fortheStudyArea.

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    FIGURE11:

    STUDYAREAANDFOCUSAREA

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    2.0 LANDUSEANDCOMMUNITYCHARACTER2.1 DEVELOPMENTHISTORYTheCityofBrooklynwasestablishedin1834.Atthistime,itcomprisedindividualsettlementsalong

    its waterfront, including Downtown Brooklyn, Brooklyn Heights, Cobble Hill, Boerum Hill, and theNavyYardarea, includingVinegarHill.TheCityofBrooklynannexedothersectionsofthepresent

    dayboroughatvariouspointsthroughoutthe1800s.

    In 1893, the first electric streetcar ran in

    Brooklyn. The introduction of these streetcars

    andother railmodeswouldchange theborough

    from a collection of small towns into the Citys

    most populous borough. Originally comprised of

    ten independent operating companies, many

    lines were incorporated into the Brooklyn Rapid

    Transit Company (BRT). The BRT was one of the

    largeststreetcaroperatorsintheUnitedStates.In

    itspeak,ithad80linesand3,000streetcars. The

    BRTwouldeventuallytakeovertheelevatedlines

    thathaddevelopedinthe1880sandthevarious

    steamrailroadsthatrantoConeyIsland.TheBRT

    hadthevisiontoimplementfastandfarreaching

    transitserviceinBrooklyn.Thec mbinedBR rail

    andstreetcarsystemallowedthepublictoeasily

    travelbetweenManhattanandthefarreachesof

    Brooklyn.Asservicewas instituted innewareas,

    empty lotsalongthe linesrapidlybecamehomes

    and

    shopping

    areas.

    Consequently,

    the

    populationoftheboroughgrew.

    Several

    STREETCARATSMITHANDSACKETTSTREETS

    o T

    streetcarlinesranthroughRedHook.The

    prominent in the Brooklyn landscape. However, the

    FOCUSAREA

    hasalonghistoryofindustrialandmaritimeuses,takingadvantageofitslocationon

    Furman Street, Erie Basin, and Crosstown Lines

    ranalongColumbiaStreet.TheHamiltonAvenue

    LineranbetweenRedHookandBayRidge.

    Prior to World War II, streetcars were

    STREETCARCROSSINGTHEGOWANUSCANAL

    automobilebecame increasinglymoreavailableandpopular,and inthe1940s,theCitybeganan

    aggressive initiative to replace streetcars with buses. Starting in 1949, Brooklyns streetcar lines

    wereconvertedtonewbuseswith theBoroughs laststreetcar running in1956.Remnantsof the

    former

    system

    remain

    in

    parts

    of

    Brooklyn,

    including

    track

    and

    electrical

    poles.

    TheFocusArea

    theButtermilkChanneland itsproximitytothepopulationcentersofBrooklynandManhattan. In

    the1840s, theAtlanticDockCompanydevelopedpiers in theAtlanticBasinandsoon thereafter,

    William Beard developed the wharves at the Erie Basin. The Red Hook Peninsula then quickly

    becameoneof thebusiestshippingports in theUnitedStates.By thebeginningof theCivilWar,

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    ships from all over the world docked at Red Hook, and through the mid20th century, the

    neighborhoodbustledwithshippingandrelatedindustries,employingover7,000people.

    Originallybuiltforthefamiliesofdockworkers,theRedHookHousesopened in1939andwasthe

    firstpublichousingcomplexintheCity.RedHookHousesisnowthelargestNewYorkCityHousing

    Authority(NYCHA)

    development

    in

    Brooklyn.

    It

    consists

    of

    Red

    Hook

    (East)

    and

    Red

    Hook

    (West).

    The combined39acredevelopment includes33buildings, 30 residentialbuildingsand threenon

    residential buildings. The residential buildings range in height from two to 14 stories and have a

    totalofover2,800apartments.Sincetheircompletion,theRedHookHouseshavecomprised the

    largestportionofRedHooksresidentialpopulationandoccupymuchofitsinteriorblocks.

    ThedevelopmentofRedHookHousesoccurredinconcertwiththeconstructionofRedHookPark.

    des weakened substantially in Red Hook and New

    In1934,theCityassignedformerindustrialsitesthatitownedtotheNewYorkCityDepartmentof

    ParksandRecreation (DPR).Otherparcels thatarenowpartofRedHookParkcameunderDPRs

    jurisdictionbetween1935and1947.GilmoreD.Clarke,aprominentlandscapedesigner,laidoutits

    originaldevelopmentplanduringthetenureofRobertMoses.Today,RedHookParkoccupiesnearly

    59acres,andincludesarecreationcenter,apool,athleticfacilities,ajoggingpath,andpicnicareas.

    Red Hooks population peaked in about 1950. However, changes in the shipping industry, the

    constructionof Interstate278 (also referred toas theBrooklynQueensExpresswayandGowonus

    ExpresswayintheFocusAreaandStudyArea)andBrooklynBatteryTunnel,andtheremovalofits

    streetcarservicewouldquicklydeteriorateandisolatethecommunity,resultinginadrasticdecline

    initsresidentialandemploymentpopulations.

    After 1950, the shipping and manufacturing tra

    YorkCityingeneral.Overlandtransportofgoodsincreasinglyreplacedmaritimeshippingandcargo

    companiesbegantofavoralternativeportsalongtheEastCoast.RedHooksprimary industryand

    populationdeclinedsubstantiallyasaresult.However,inthe1960s,thePortAuthorityofNewYork

    and New Jersey opened a new container portthe Red Hook Marine Terminalto provide a

    moderncargo

    facility

    that

    met

    new

    standards

    in

    marine

    commerce.

    Although

    helping

    to

    foster

    Red

    Hookstraditionaleconomicbase,thefacilityrequiredmuchlesslaborthanpreviousfacilities.

    BROOKLYNMARINETERMINALBROOKLYNBATTERYTUNNELENTRANCE

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    Interstate 278 and Brooklyn Battery Tunnel were built in the Focus Area following World War II.

    Interstate 278 is a major eastwest highway that runs from New Jersey to the Bronx via Staten

    Island,Brooklyn,andQueens.IntheFocusArea,Interstate278runsalongRedHookseasternand

    northern edges. Entrances to the Brooklyn Battery Tunnel, which runs under the East River and

    connectsBrooklyn

    and

    Manhattan,

    are

    situated

    at

    Red

    Hooks

    northern

    edge.

    These

    transportation

    facilitiesquicklyestablisheddefactoneighborhoodborders forRedHookandeffectivelycut itoff

    physicallyandsociallyfromadjacentneighborhoods.

    Red Hooks economic base and population continued to decline through the 1980s. Numerous

    residential,commercial,and industrialbuildingswereabandoned.By1990, thepopulationofRed

    Hookdroppedto10,500,a50percentdeclinefromits1950population.

    In1994,CommunityBoard6andlocalstakeholdersdevelopedacomprehensivestrategicplan(197

    a Plan) to spur the revitalization of Red Hooks population and economy with improvements to

    housing, social services, and business and industrial activities. In that same year, New York State

    Governor Mario Cuomo designated Red Hook and the nearby Sunset Park and Gowanus

    neighborhoods as the Southwest Brooklyn Economic Development Zone (now the Southwest

    Brooklyn

    Empire

    Zone).

    Combined,

    the

    197a

    Plan

    and

    the

    economic

    incentives

    provided

    by

    the

    State have resulted in substantial reinvestment in the area. Projects have included the

    refurbishment and new construction of neighborhood parks, the opening of the Red Hook

    CommunityJusticeCenter,andtherenovationoftheSullivanStreetHotelasaffordablehousing.

    TheNewYorkCityEconomicDevelopmentCorporationhaspursuedeffortstorevitalizetheAtlantic

    Basin.InApril2006,CarnivalCruiseLinesinauguratedtheBrooklynCruiseTerminalwiththearrival

    of the RMS Queen Mary 2. The terminal occupies Pier 12. It consists of a 180,000 square foot

    terminalthatcanhandle4,000passengers.Itincludesarebuiltportbuilding,newslips,a500space

    parkinglot,andtaxiandbusdropoffareas.In2008,theTerminalwascalledonbynearly60vessels

    andservedmorethan282,000passengers.

    BROOKLYNCRUISETERMINAL IKEA,REDHOOKIn

    2006,

    Fairway

    Market

    opened

    a52,000

    square

    foot

    store

    on

    Van

    Brunt

    Street.

    The

    chain

    had

    a

    longestablished and popular location on Manhattans Upper West Side, and its presence in Red

    Hooksymbolizedanupswingintheneighborhoodseconomicvitality.Twoyearslater,IKEAopened

    a 346,000 square foot store on Beard Street between Otsengo and Columbia Streets. The store

    replaceda19thCenturydrydockandisIKEAsonlylocationwithinNewYorkCity.

    Recent and proposed loft conversions and new construction projects in Red Hook will help to

    revitalize its housing stock. Although the pace of this development has been less robust than in

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    DUMBO, Williamsburg, and other historically, industrial areas of Brooklyn, these projects

    demonstratearenewedinterestintheareaanditspotentialforgrowth.

    STUDYAREA

    TheBrooklyn

    Bridge

    opened

    in

    1883,

    bringing

    vehicular,

    trolley,

    and

    pedestrian

    traffic

    to

    Downtown

    Brooklyn and its surrounding neighborhoods. This triggered substantial growth in municipal,

    commercial, and residential land use in the downtown area and its surrounding commuter

    neighborhoods. In 1908, the Interborough Rapid Transit (IRT) subway line was extended from

    Manhattan to Brooklyn, with stations at Borough Hall, Hoyt Street, Nevins Street, and Atlantic

    Avenue.Thisaccelerateddevelopment intheboroughandgeneratedadrivefor largeranddenser

    development in Downtown Brooklyn and surrounding areas. The rapid pace of development

    continueduntiltheGreatDepression.

    Following World War II, the nations industries began moving out of inner cities, with negative

    consequencesformanufacturingcenters likeBrooklyn.Middleclasshouseholdsalsofledthe inner

    cities,affectingmostoftheneighborhoodsintheStudyArea.Asaresult,manyapartmentbuildings

    wereabandoned,

    and

    many

    of

    the

    active

    industrial

    and

    commercial

    uses

    in

    the

    Study

    Area

    became

    low performance commercial uses (autorepair shops, gas stations, parking lots) or vacant lots.

    SeveralpolicieswereenactedbyNewYorkCityagenciesincludingtheNewYorkCityDepartmentof

    HousingPreservationandDevelopment(HPD)andtheNewYorkCityPlanningCommission(CPC)to

    counteract the deterioration of Brooklyns neighborhoods. These initiatives included the Atlantic

    Terminal Urban Renewal Area (ATURA) in 1968, the SchermerhornPacific Urban Renewal Area

    (SPURA)inBoerumHillin1974,andtheBrooklynCenterUrbanRenewalPlan(BCURP).Inthe1970s

    ATURAspurredthedevelopmentoftheAtlanticTerminalHouses,andtheAtlanticCenterMalland

    SPURAsoughttoredevelopanareaofBoerumHillforaffordablehousing.

    The Citys urban renewal efforts and a 1980s real estate

    boomfueledaneconomicrevivalformanycommunitiesin

    the Study Area, which continues today. The MetroTechCenterwasdevelopedin1986asaresultoftheMetroTech

    Urban Renewal Plan (MURP). Currently, MetroTech is a

    sixteenacre corporate and academic complex with more

    than fivemillionsquare feetofcommercialandmunicipal

    officespaceintwelvebuildingsranginginheightfromeight

    to thirtytwo stories. Other highrise office buildings have

    followed, and Downtown Brooklyn is now a major

    employmentcenter intheCity.Brownstones inCobbleHill,VinegarHill,andCarrollGardenswere

    refurbished and many new retailers, restaurants, and bars opened on the commercials strips of

    these neighborhoods. The many industrial loft buildings in DUMBO were redeveloped as luxury

    housing.To

    preserve

    the

    historic

    character

    of

    the

    Study

    Area

    amidst

    this

    flurry

    of

    development,

    the

    City designated many areas as landmark districts. Much of Brooklyn Heights was designated as a

    HistoricDistrict(NewYorkCitysfirst)in1965,followedbysectionsofCobbleHill(1969,expanded

    in1988),BoerumHill(1973),CarrollGardens(1973),VinegarHill(1997),andDUMBO(2007).

    METROTECHCENTER

    New development continues to occur in the Study Area guided by new planning initiatives.

    DowntownBrooklynhasbeenthefocusofCityplanningefforts includingtheestablishmentofthe

    Special Downtown Brooklyn District (2001) and the Downtown Brooklyn Development project

    (2004).These initiativesseektofocusdevelopment inDowntownBrooklyntostrengthenbusiness,

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    preservehistoricarchitecturalresources,provideabufferbetweenlargescalebusinessusesofthe

    Downtown core and surrounding low to mediumdensity residential neighborhoods, and to

    improvetransitaccessthroughthearea.

    The area around Long Island Rail Roads (LIRR) Atlantic Terminal is also rapidly redeveloping. In

    2004,the

    Atlantic

    Terminal/Bank

    of

    New

    York

    Tower,

    which

    includes

    retail

    and

    office

    uses,

    opened

    above the LIRR Atlantic Terminal on the northeast corner of Flatbush and Atlantic Avenues. The

    areasacrossFlatbushandAtlanticAvenuefromtheLIRRTerminalandabovetheLIRRAtlanticYards

    are in the process of a major redevelopment, including a basketball arena, highrise residential

    buildings,officeandretailuses,aschool,andopenspace.

    bandonedwaterfrontsitesintheStudyAreahavealsobeenthefocusofrecentpublicinitiatives.

    heCity

    and

    State

    are

    building

    Brooklyn

    Bridge

    Park,

    amulti

    use

    recreational

    facility

    that

    will

    occupy

    iersanduplandparcelsbetweenAtlanticAvenueandtheBrooklynBridge.TheBrooklynNavyYard

    ndadjacentsitesalsocontinuetobedevelopedwithlightindustrialandcommercialuses,including

    oviestudies,workshops,andsmall,nicheindustrialproductioncompanies.

    .2 LANDUSE

    ATLANTICYARDSREDEVELOPMENTPLAN

    A

    Tp

    a

    m

    2

    Figure22showslandusesintheFocusAreaandStudyArea.

    OCUSAREA

    heFocusArea isdefinedprimarilyby industrialandmanufacturingusesalongthewaterfrontand

    sidentialusesinitsinterior(seeFigure22).ItsprimarycommercialcorridorisVanBruntStreet.

    woofthePortofNewYorkandNewJerseysimportantmarinetransportationfacilitiesarelocated

    theFocusAreatheRedHook klynCruiseTerminal.Smallscale

    and manufacturing businesses (warehouses, auto body shops, glass manufacturers, and

    F

    T

    re

    T

    in

    industrial

    ContainerTerminalandtheBroo

    foodprocessors)arefoundinareasnorthofVeronaStreet,southofCoffeyStreet,andwestofVan

    Brunt Street. These smallscale uses are also peppered throughout the neighborhood, including

    streetsthatarepredominatelyresidentialinuse.

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    FIGURE21:

    LANDUSE

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    The most common residential building typ us are smalltomedium sized threetosix

    storyapartmentbuildings,particularlyinthe redbyVanBruntStreettothewest,Verona

    Streettothenorth,RichardsStreettotheeast,andCoffeyStreettothesouth.Highriseresidential

    buildings,notablytheRedHookHouses,predominateeastofRichardsStreet.TheRedHookHouses

    stretchfrom

    Richards

    Street

    to

    Clinton

    Street

    and

    9th

    Street

    to

    Lorraine

    Street.

    Approximately

    8,000

    peopleliveintheRedHookHouses,comprisingalmost80percentoftheFocusAreaspopulation.

    es in the foc

    areaborde

    MIXEDRESIDENTIALANDINDUSTRIALSTREETINREDHOOKRESIDENTIALSTREETINREDHOOK

    REDHOOKHOUSES

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    Commercialretailuses,cateringtothelocalcommunity,arefoundthroughouttheFocusArea.The

    largestconcentrationofsuchusesisalongVanBruntStreetandareprimarilyhousedontheground

    floors of medium sized (threeto sixstory) residential buildings. A handful of restaurants, bars,

    bakeries,checkcashingstores,beautysalons,varietystores,smallgrocerystores,anddeliscanbe

    found

    along

    the

    length

    of

    Van

    Brunt

    Street.

    Large

    retail

    uses

    in

    the

    Focus

    Area

    include

    IKEA

    atRichardsandBeardStreetsandtheFairwaySupermarketatVanBruntandReedStreets.

    TheFocusAreahasanumberof institutionalandpublicfacilities.Educationalfacilities includeP.S.

    5,theSouthBrooklynCommunityHighSchool,andtheAgnesY.HumphreySchoolforLeadership.

    isalsoservedbyFDNYEngineCompany202,LadderCompany101,abranchoftheBrooklynPublic

    ibraryat7WolcottStreet,andaU.S.PostOfficeat615ClintonStreet.TheRedHookCommunity

    sticeCenter,opened in2000and locatedat88VisitationPlace,servesasaneighborhoodcourt

    The Focus Area also has various social service and religious institutions such as the South

    rooklynHealthCenter,theMercyHomeforChildren,andchurchesofvariousdenominations.

    helargestopenspace intheFocusAreaisRedHookPark.Itisa59acrepublicpark,borderedby

    tsego, Bay, Hicks, Lorraine, Court, and Halleck Streets, and includes a pool, running track, and

    recreation

    center.

    Other

    parks

    include

    Coffey

    Park,

    between

    King,

    Verona,

    Richards,

    and

    Dwight

    treets;andLouisValentino,Jr.Park,onthewaterfrontatCoffeyStreet.TheRedHookHousesalso

    rovideopenspace,includingplayareasandotheramenities.

    STUDYAREA

    TheStudyAreaishistoricallycharacterizedbyindustrialusesalongitswaterfront,commercialuses

    inDowntownBrooklynandalongneighborhoodthoroughfares,andresidentialuses inmostother

    locations. Interstate 278, which sweeps through the western and northern portions of the Study

    Area,hasdividedtheindustrialwaterfrontfromtheuplandresidentialandcommercialareassince

    the 1960s. However, recent redevelopment efforts have and will continue to transform the

    waterfront.

    Just north of Red Hook is the Columbia Street Waterfront, located along the East River and

    ButtermilkChannel,westofInterstate278andsouthofAtlanticAvenue.Thisareacontainsamixof

    residentialandlightindustrialuseswithworkingwaterfrontactivitiesalongitswesternedge.Vacant

    lots are scattered throughout this area, some of which are used for surface parking. The area is

    undergoing growth, with new restaurants, art galleries, and residential development. Columbia

    Street, the main thoroughfare in the neighborhood, contains local retail uses that are generally

    foundonthegroundfloorofthree orfourstoryresidentialbuildings.Thesidestreetsarelinedwith

    rowhouses,withsomenewapartmentconversionssuchasthosecenteredalongTiffanyPlace.The

    waterfront includes the Red Hook Marine Terminal and Van Voorhees Park. Long Island College

    HospitaloccupiesacomplexofbuildingsaroundHicksandAmityStreets.

    Eastand

    north

    of

    the

    Columbia

    Street

    Waterfront,

    the

    Carroll

    Gardens,

    Cobble

    Hill,

    Boerum

    Hill,

    and

    Brooklyn Heights neighborhoods are characterized by medium density residential (three to six

    story) apartment buildings on local streets, with commercial activities concentrated along major

    corridors such as Smith Street, Court ontague Street. Along these corridors,

    commercial activities are primarily housed on the ground floors of medium sized residentia

    apartment buildings, and comprise restaurants, delis, small grocery stores, and other businesses

    cateringtothelocalcommunity.Inadditiontothethree andfourstoryrowhouses,therearealso

    modern midrise apartment buildings, including Clark Cadman Tower and Whitman Close

    1

    It

    L

    Ju

    house.

    B

    T

    O

    S

    p

    Street, and M

    l

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    EXISTINGCONDITIONSREPORT

    210

    BrooklynBridgeandBrooklynBridgePark,whichiscurrentlybeingdeveloped.

    2.3 FUTUREDEVELOPMENTPLANSAsshowninTable21,anumberofdevelopmentprojectswererecentlycompletedorareplanned

    inandneartheFocusAreaandStudyArea.Figure22showsthedevelopmentsintheFocusArea.

    FOCUSAREA

    Within theFocusArea, thereareseven recentlycompletedor proposed projects.Three are small

    residential projects, generally resulting in three to five new units per building. One is a small

    industrialproperty,andanother isasynagogue.The largestproposeddevelopment isat160Imlay

    FlatbushAvenue isamajortwowaynorthsoutharterialrunningtheentire lengthofBrooklynand

    leadingtotheManhattanBridgeintheStudyArea.Ithasheavytrafficvolumesandischaracterized

    by largescale institutional and large national chain retail uses. Atlantic Terminal and the Atlantic

    Center Mall are located at Atlantic Avenue and Flatbush Avenue. Atlantic Terminal is a

    transportationhubwithaccesstoseveralNewYorkCityTransitsubwaylinesandtheLIRR.

    The DUMBO neighborhood is characterized by large residential loft buildings converted from

    industrial uses, with groundfloor commercial. Vinegar Hill is a smallerscale residential

    neighborhood

    with

    two

    to

    threestory

    apartment

    buildings

    and

    a

    waterfront

    dominated

    by

    the

    Hudson Avenue Generating Station, a Consolidated Edison power plant along almost the entire

    VinegarHillwaterfront,fromGoldStreettoJayStreet.

    There are several small parks scattered throughout the Study Area, and a handful of larger open

    spaces including Cadman Plaza, bordered by Cadman Plaza East and West, Tillary Street, an

    traffic.Thisareacontainsmostly3 to5storycommercialstructureswithgroundfloorretailuses.

    Typical groundfloor uses include clothing, department, and electronic stores as well as fast food

    chains.WhilethegroundfloorusesonFultonStreetareveryactive,theupper floorsofbuildings

    havetraditionallyhadlittleactivity,thoughnewusesarebeginningtoemerge.

    Multiplenew

    mid

    and

    high

    rise

    residential

    buildings

    have

    risen

    throughout

    Downtown

    Brooklyn,

    includingalongSchermerhornStreet,LivingstonStreet,andFlatbushAvenue.Thesedevelopments

    havereplacedsurfaceparkinglotsandolder,lowerdensitybuildings.

    presentlyonhold.Oncecompleted,theprojectwillconverta former industrialwarehouseto153

    residentialunitsand10,000squarefeetofofficespace.

    Street.ThisprojecthasbeenapprovedbytheNewYorkCityBoardofStandardsandAppealsbutis

    LIVINGSTONSTREET STR TIN DUMBODOWNTOWNBROOK NSKYLINE EE LY

    d the

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    211

    FIGURE22:

    LOPMENTPROJERECENTLYCOMPLETEDANDPLANNEDDEVE CTSWITHINANDNEARTHEFOCU

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    TABLE21:

    RECENTLYCOMPLETEDANDPLANNEDDEVELOPMENTPROJECTSWITHINANDNEARTHEFOCUSAREA

    MAP

    NO. NAME/ADDRESS USE UNITS/ROOMS/FLOORAREA

    WITHINFOCUS

    AREA

    69 160ImlayStreetResidential,office,

    parking

    153units,153parkingspaces,9,000sfoffice,1flooroffice

    conformingtoexistingzoning

    70 162166BeardStreet Residential 4dwellingunits

    71 440VanBruntStreet Residential,Office9,149sfmixedusebuildingwithartstudioonfirstfloor,

    officeonsecondfloor,andonedwellingunitonthird

    72 216ConoverStreet Industrial 6,000sf

    73 141DwightStreet Synagogue 4,500sf

    74 96LorraineStreet Residential 11,000sfbuildingwith8dwellingunits

    75 2533CarrollStreet ResidentialRezoneM11toR6BtoConstructan8unitResidential

    Building

    NEARFO AREACUS

    1

    4364th

    Avenue

    Residential

    Informationunknown;constructionactivityobservedno

    recordsavailableatDOB2 264thStreet Residential 11dwellingunits

    3 92ThirdStreet Hotel/Office 33,000sf

    4517CourtStreet Residential/Commu

    nityFacility

    6dwellingunits,groundfloorretail,anddiagnostic&

    treatmentfacility

    5 245HamiltonAvenue Residential 20dwellingunits

    6 671HenryStreet Residential 5dwellingunits

    7 1031133rdStreet Residential 45dwellingunits

    81413rdStreet Residential,office 152dwellingunits(122marketrate,30affordable),

    11,361sfofoffice

    9363365BondStreet Residential,retail,

    communityfacility,

    open

    space

    447dwellingunits(317marketrate,130affordable),

    2,000sfofcommunityfacility,2,000sfofretail,anda

    portion

    of

    the

    total

    0.6

    acres

    of

    open

    space

    10 360SmithStreet Residential 46dwellingunits

    11340346BondStreet(at

    CarrollStreet)

    Residential 24dwellingunits

    12 361CarrollStreet Residential 15dwellingunits

    13313325,327333Bond

    Street;383CarrollStreet

    Residential,retail 297dwellingunits(238marketrate,59affordable),

    14,810sfofretail

    14307BondStreet Residential,retail 87dwellingunits(70marketrate,17affordable),7,125sf

    ofretail

    15 306BondStreet Residential 11dwellingunits

    16290SackettStreet Residential,retail,

    communityfacility

    32dwellingunits

    17 151CarrollStreet Residential 8dwellingunits

    18

    287

    Bond

    Street,

    498

    510

    SackettStreet Residential

    148

    dwelling

    units

    (118

    market

    rate,

    30

    affordable)

    19285BondStreet,495

    SackettStreet

    Residential,retail 186dwellingunits(149market,37affordable),11,875sf

    ofretail

    20 253261BondStreet Residential 90dwellingunits(72market,18affordable)

    21 191DouglassStreet Residential 10dwellingunits

    22 213BondStreet Residential 21dwellingunits

    23 462BalticStreet Office 35,551sf

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    TABLE21(CONTINUED)

    RECENTLYCOMPLETEDANDPLANNEDDEVELOPMENTPROJECTSWITHINANDNEARTHEFOCUSAREA

    MAP

    NO. NAME/ADDRESS USE UNITS/ROOMS/FLOORAREA

    24

    1813rd

    Avenue

    Hotel

    65,785

    sf

    25 1504thAvenue Residential 95dwellingunits

    26 611DeGrawStreet Hotel 10,000sf

    271844thAvenue Residential,retail 30dwellingunits(24marketrate,6affordable),4,786sf

    ofretail

    282044thAvenue Residential,retail 134dwellingunits(107marketrate,27affordable),2,920

    sfofretail

    29643651UnionStreet Residential,retail 54dwellingunits(43marketrate,11affordable),5,582sf

    ofretail

    30 2653rdAvenue Hotel 18,130sf

    31577UnionStreet,586

    SackettStreet

    Residential,retail,

    communityfacility

    139dwellingunits(111marketrate,28affordable),

    13,485sfofretail,1,532sfofcommunityfacility

    32 503PresidentStreet Residential 5dwellingunits

    33 532542UnionStreet,495499PresidentStreet

    Residential,retail

    65

    dwelling

    units

    (52

    market

    rate,

    13

    affordable),

    5,755

    sf

    ofretail

    34469PresidentStreet,305

    NevinsStreet,514Union

    Street

    Residential 185dwellingunits(148market,37affordable)

    35 543PresidentStreet Residential 31dwellingunits

    36 545PresidentStreet Residential 10dwellingunits

    37 561PresidentStreet Residential 50dwellingunits(48market,2affordable)

    38509CarrollStreet,530

    PresidentStreet

    Residential 95dwellingunits

    39 325337NevinsStreet Residential 34dwellingunits

    40341NevinsStreet,431

    CarrollStreet

    Residential 8dwellingunits

    41 420458CarrollStreet,3223rdAvenue

    Residential,

    communityfacility612

    dwelling

    units

    (509

    market

    rate,

    103

    affordable),

    30,000sfofcommunityfacility

    423053rdAvenue Residential,office 31dwellingunits(25marketrate,6affordable),8,592sf

    ofoffice

    439DentonPlace,2724th

    Avenue,538CarrollStreet

    Residential,retail 86dwellingunits(71marketrate,17affordable),2,896sf

    ofretail

    442842904thAvenue,21

    DentonPlace

    Residential,retail 76dwellingunits(62marketrate,14affordable),1,330sf

    ofretail

    4527DentonPlace Residential,office 152dwellingunits(122marketrate,30affordable),

    11,361sfofoffice

    46

    ConEdison/block

    boundedby1stand3rd

    Streets,3rdand4th

    Avenues

    Office 49,552sq.ft.

    47 567WarrenStreet Residential 20dwellingunits

    48 126FourthAvenue Residential 50dwellingunits

    49WholeFoodsMarket/220

    ThirdStreet(at3rd

    Avenue)

    Commercialretail

    (supermarket)

    52,000sq.ft.

    50 3993rdAvenue Office 78,251sf

    51 4104thAvenue Residential 59dwellingunits

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    EXISTINGCONDITIONSREPORT

    214

    TABLE21(CONTINUED)

    RECENTLYCOMPLETEDANDPLANNEDDEVELOPMENTPROJECTSWITHINANDNEARTHEFOCUSAREA

    MAP

    NO. NAME/ADDRESS USE UNITS/ROOMS/FLOORAREA

    52

    2327th

    Street

    Residential

    7dwelling

    units

    534333rdAvenue Residential,

    commercial

    26dwellingunits,4,956sfofretail

    54 1868thStreet Residential 8dwellingunits

    55 2028thStreet Residential 43dwellingunits

    56 5004thAvenue Residential 132dwellingunits

    57 18713thStreet Residential 13dwellingunits

    58 5313rdAvenue Hotel 24,771sf

    59 5744thAvenue Residential 80dwellingunits

    60 56StrongPlace Residential 3dwellingunits(Conversion)

    61 2254thAvenue Residential,Retail 40dwellingunits,3,131sfofretail

    622676thStreet Residential,Retail,

    CommunityFacility

    107dwellingunits,3,938sfofretail,3,938sfof

    communityfacility

    space

    633854thAvenue Residential,

    CommunityFacility

    51dwellingunits,6,513sfambulatorycarefacility

    64 675SackettStreet Residential 38dwellingunits

    65 571CarrollStreet Residential 18dwellingunits

    66 580CarrollStreet Residential 7dwellingunits

    67 15515thStreet Residential 31dwellingunits

    68 18215thStreet Residential 31dwellingunits

    STUDYA

    A

    numbe projects

    in

    M r re men on

    projects The large me ,

    312 BondStreet(297units),and420450Carrol (612units).Severalotherdevelopments

    includem el

    Ve few s w th

    Mostcom velopmentwouldbe localreta ver,threeofficeprojects,the largestof

    whichwo squ eh oject

    wouldbe located 3rdStreet.

    In wn BO, and Vinegar Hill, there has been and continues to be extensive

    growth i andoffice space.These includea mix of building conversions andnew

    co ruc

    the

    st the

    Atla velopment

    is

    taking

    shape.

    This

    projectw sport icetow 5,000residentialunits,andretail

    andcom

    REA

    r

    of

    development

    sidential redevelop

    are

    proposedt is proposed al

    the

    areas

    north

    and

    east

    of

    the

    Focus

    Area.g and surrounding the Gowanus Canal. Theseajo

    range in size. st new develop nts would be 363365 Bond Street (427 units)

    lStreet333

    orethan100newdw lingunits.

    ry commercial project

    mercialde

    ere identified in e Focus Area and surrounding neighborhoods.

    il.Howe

    uldbeabout78,000 arefeet,andfiv otelsareplanned.Thelargestnewretailpr

    aWholeFoods

    town Brooklyn, DUM

    n residentialunits

    at220

    Do

    nst tion.

    Just

    outside udy

    area,

    ntic

    Yards

    redeillresultinanew sarena,off ers,morethan

    munityfacilityspace.

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    2.4 ZONINGGenerally,

    transit acce al areas outside Downtow dium density,

    exce

    for

    near

    Avenue ts

    at

    other

    locations mdensity realsow usArea,however,

    is arilyzonedformanufactu erdensityresidentialuses.Muchof itszoningreflects

    th isto charactero sArea.T nofthiszoningpolicyandlackof

    ea acce pacitytran has likel comparatively lowergrowth in

    Re oo entifiesth aandtheStudyArea.TheNew

    Yo theFoc dStudy edinAppendixA.

    FOCUSA

    The dHook isgenerally andM31districts.

    Thenort ofRedHo m acturing

    districts

    with

    high

    performanc t

    buffer

    between

    lower

    pe rma uringdist jacent ance

    standards are minimum require um allowable limits on noise, vibration, smoke,

    od and f indust 11dist cludewarehouses,woodworking

    shops, a repair wholes storage facilities. M21 districts

    al ma sthatfa lightan rialareas.Performancestandards

    fo ese lower th in M1 d districts are intended for heavy

    in trie enoise,t ollutants powerplants,solidwaste

    ansferfacilities,recyclingplants,andfuelsupplydepots.

    ocksoftheFocusAreaareR5andR6zoningdistricts.R5districtsaremediumdensity

    districtstypifiedby three to fourstoryapartmentbuildingsand rowhouses.R6

    along portions of Hamilton Avenue. C1 districts are

    d in 2002 in the area south of Coffey Street

    lusesarenotpermittedinmanufacturingdistrictsandviceversa.

    Downtown Brooklyn is zoned high density as it is a commercial center and has ample

    ss. The residenti n Brooklyn are generally me

    housing

    developmenpt

    new

    construction

    Atlantic

    and

    public.Thesemediu districtsa

    ringand low

    ellservedbytransit.TheFoc

    prim

    eh ricindustrial ftheFocu hecombinatio

    sy sstohighca sitservice ycontributedto

    dH k.Table22 id ezoningdistricts intheFocusAre

    rkCityzoningmapsfor usAreaan Areaareprovid

    REA

    Re waterfront zonedasmanufacturingwithM11,M21,

    heastportion ok isalsozoned

    e

    standards

    tha

    anufacturing.M11districtsaremanuf

    typically

    serve

    as

    arfo ncemanufact rictsandad

    ments or maxim

    commercialorresidentialdistricts.Perform

    or, othereffectso rialuses.M rictstypicallyin

    uto storage and shops, and ale service and

    low nufacturinguse llbetween dheavyindust

    r th districts are an those istricts. M31

    dus sthatgenerat raffic,orp .Typicaluses include

    tr

    Theinteriorbl

    general residence

    districtsare

    also

    medium

    density

    general

    residence

    districts.

    Apartment

    houses

    in

    R6

    districts

    can

    rangefromlowrisethreestorybuildingstomidrise,eight to10storybuildings.

    Commercialzoningdistricts in theFocusArea includeaC11overlayalongVanBruntStreet,C13

    districtsalongtwoblocksofLorraineStreet,andaC12districtonthesouthsideof9thStreet.There

    are also small commercial zoning districts

    generally local retail districts in residential neighborhoods and are often overlaid on residential

    zones to allow groundlevel retail. Typical uses in C1 districts include grocery stores, small dry

    cleaningestablishments,restaurants,andbarbershops.

    An MX5 special use district (M11/R5) was mappe

    between Conover and Van Brunt Streets. Targeted for industrial areas, this district allows for the

    developmentofresidential,commercial,communityfacilities,andlightmanufacturing/industrialby

    combiningmanufacturing

    zoning

    (M1)

    with

    residential

    zoning

    (R3

    R10).

    Commercial,

    residential,

    and

    light manufacturing uses can occupy the same lot side by side or use the same building. Under

    conventionalzoning,residentia

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    EXISTINGCONDITIONSREPORT

    216

    TABLE22:

    FOCUS AREAANDSTUDYAREAZONINGDISTRICTS

    DISTRICT

    MAXIMUMFLOORAREARATIO

    (FAR) USES/ZONETYPE

    R5

    1.25RES;

    2.0

    CF

    General

    residence

    district

    R6 2.43RES;4.8CF Generalresidencedistrict

    R6A 3.0RESandCF Generalresidencedistrict;contextual

    R6B 2.0RESandCF Generalresidencedistrict;contextual

    R7A 4.0RESandCF Generalresidencedistrict;contextual

    R71 3.44RES;4.8CF Generalresidencedistrict

    R8 6.02RES;6.5CF Generalresidencedistrict

    R8A 6.02RES;6.5CF Generalresidencedistrict;contextual

    R8B 4.0RES;4.0CF Generalresidencedistrict;contextual

    R91 7.52RES;10.0CF Generalresidencedistrict

    C11 2.0COM;2.43RES Commercialoverlaywithinaresidentialdistrict

    C21 2.0COM;2.43RES Commercialoverlaywithinaresidentialdistrict

    C24 2.0COM;2.43RES Commercialoverlaywithinaresidentialdistrict

    C43 3.4COM;2.43RES;4.8CF Regionalcommercialcenteroutsidethecentralbusinessdistrict

    C52A 10.0COM;10.0(12.0w/bonus)RES;

    10.0CF

    RestrictedCentralCommercialDistrictintendedprimarilyforretail

    usesservingmetropolitanregion;highdensityresidential

    C54 10.0(12.0w/bonus)COM,RES,andCF Centralcommercialdistrictservingwidermetropolitanregion

    C61 6.0(7.2w/bonus)COM;3.44RES;6.5

    (7.8w/bonus)CF

    Highbulkcommercialdistrict

    C61A 6.0COM;2.43(2.2onnarrowstreets)

    RES;6.0(7.2w/bonus)CF

    Highbulkcommercialdistrict

    C62 6.0(7.2w/bonus)COM;6.02(7.2on

    widestreets)RES;6.5(7.8w/bonus)CF

    Highbulkcommercialdistrict

    C62A 6.0COM;6.02RES;6.5CF Highbulkcommercialdistrict

    C6

    4

    10.0

    (12.0

    w/

    bonus)

    COM;

    10.0

    (12.0

    w/bonus)RES;10.0(12.0w/bonus)CF High

    bulk

    commercial

    district

    C64.5 12.0(14.4w/bonus)COM;10.0(12.0w/

    bonus)RES;10.0(12.0w/bonus)CF

    Highbulkcommercialdistrict

    M11 1.0MANorCOM;2.4CF Lightindustrialdistrictborderingresidentialorcommercialdistrict

    M12 2.0MANorCOM;4.8CF Lightindustrialdistrictborderingresidentialorcommercialdistrict

    M14 2.0MANorCOM;6.5CF Lightindustrialdistrictborderingresidentialorcommercialdistrict

    M15 5.0MANorCOM;6.5CF Lightindustrialdistrictborderingresidentialorcommercialdistrict

    M16 10MAN,COMorCF Lightindustrialdistrictborderingresidentialorcommercialdistrict

    M21 2.0MANorCOM Highperformancemediumscaleindustrialdistrict

    M31 2.0MANorCOM Lowperformanceheavymanufacturing

    MX2 2.0MANorCOM;6.5CF;6.02RES Mixeduselightindustrialandmediumdensityresidential

    MX5 1.25RES;1.0MANorCOM;2.0CF Mixeduselightindustrialandmediumdensityresidential

    DB Varies DowntownBrooklynSpecialZoningDistrict

    LH1 NotApplicable LimitedHeightoverlaydistrict

    SV1 NotApplicable BrooklynHeightsScenicViewdistrict

    Notes: RES=Residential;COM=Commercial;MAN=Manufacturing;CF=CommunityFacility

    NYCZoningResolution;ZoningHandbook,DCPJanuary,2006.Sources:

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    STUDYAREA

    Zoning districts in the Study Area include: R6, R6A

    C4 2,C62A, C64, and districts;C11,

    C24 comm overlay districts; M11, M12, M21, and M31

    ma actu MX2 mixeduse ited height overlay districts. Inaddition, wntownBrooklyn f BrooklynDistrict (DB),

    an not umberofareasared

    Th ter on Hill and Carroll G (M11) and residential

    (R 6B terior blocks have ntial zoning (R6, R6A, and R6B).

    Co erc ricts(C11,C14,C2 mbia,Smith,andCourtStreetsas

    we At Therearealsoasm gSmithStreetnearthe

    boundary ollGardensandRed

    Al w klynHeightsiszon tisdesignatedtheSV1Brooklyn

    HeightsSc t,whichregulates oklynHeightsto

    th ter rof

    Brooklyn

    He

    residential

    R6 R7 rcialoverlaydist reetandaC15

    overlayisprovided the

    DUMBOa garHillcontainamixofr cluding

    m m ,

    wa on o dges.Otherareasaregenerally

    residential e and commercial overlay zones

    peppered borhoods.

    M f D nsity commercial districts. The

    a als n rict.Developmentswithin this

    di ar gulations, ground floor retail

    requireme weencommercialandresidentialareas.

    2.5 PUB

    , R6B, R7A, R71, R8A, and R91 residential

    districts;

    C21, and

    3, C52A, C54,C61, C61A,C6

    ercial

    C64.5commercial

    M14, M15,

    nuf ring districts; district; and LH1 lim

    portionsofDo allwithin theSpecialDowntown

    das edbelow,an esignatedhistoricdistricts.

    e wa front of Clint ardens is zoned manufacturing

    6A, R , and R7A). In medium density reside

    mm ialoverlaydist 1,andC24)lineColu

    llas lanticAvenue. allnumberofM31zonesalon

    betweenCarr Hook.

    ongits aterfront,Broo edM21.Itswaterfron

    enicViewDistric developmentinaviewplanefromBro

    ewa front.

    The

    interio ights

    west

    of

    Court

    Street

    is

    primarily

    zoned

    and .AC13comme rict lines severalblocksofMontagueSt

    alongHenryStreetnear

    ndVine

    ClarkStreetSubwayStation.

    esidentialandmanufacturingzoningdistricts, in

    ultiple ixedusedesignations.Generally themanufacturingdesignationsarealongtheEastRiver

    terfr tandintheareabetweentheBr oklynandManhattanBri

    districts (R6 and R7). There ar

    throughouttheseneigh

    also commercial zones

    ost o owntown Brooklyn is mapped w

    pecialDow

    ith medium and highde

    rea is odesignatedas theS townBrooklyn (DB)Dist

    strict e required to conform to specia

    nts,andzonesoftransitionbet

    l height and setback re

    LICPOLICYTh re initiativ .

    So oli arecitywide .

    Th ow someofthe l

    ci in lytoboththeFo

    R O

    In ,th roved :APlan

    fo m unit eareas

    fut dev ent.The197aPlanpropo tialcommunityand

    promote residential develop ic development, including

    op ni nts;preserveandex improveservices

    ess and internal

    erfront access; promote Red Hooks

    ulturalandhistoricresources;andrezoneareastopromotedevelopmentandmaintaincontext.

    erea anumberofpublicpolicy esthatapplytotheFocusAreaand/ortheStudyArea

    mep cies,suchasPlaNYC, initiativeswhileothersaremorelocalizedundertakings

    efoll ingsectionsdescribe policiesthatarespecifictothefocusareaandgenera

    tywide itiativesthatapp cusAreaandtheStudyArea.

    EDHO K197APLAN

    1996 eNewYorkCityCouncilapp a197aPlanforRedHook,Brooklyn.RedHook

    rCom unity

    Regeneration

    is

    acomm y

    based

    plan

    that

    serves

    as

    aframework

    for

    th

    ure elopm sedto: improvetheexistingresiden

    affordable ment; promote econom

    portu tiesforreside pand industrialandmaritimeactivity;

    to residents, including education and healthcare; improve transportation acc

    circulation for businesses and residents; improve public wat

    c

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    WhilemanyplaninitiativeswouldimprovetheabilitytoliveandworkinRedHookandwerewidely

    esscommunityfeltthatthe

    residential rezoning of industrial sites and the

    RedHooks first full

    MENTZONEANDNYCINDUSTRIALBUSINESSZONE

    ministeredbythe

    dustrial Development Corporation, agroupof businessowners, community

    leaders,andelectedofficialsformedin1978tobolsterthelocaleconomy.

    tmentbytheCityto

    manufacturinguseto

    is also committed to providing technical and financial assistance to

    IBZsandmakingtaxcreditsavailabletofirmsthatrelocatetoIBZs.

    d

    coastalzone.NewYorkCityandStatehaveadoptedpoliciesaimedatprotecting resources inthe

    supported, there were conflicting views on the introduction of new housing to the area. In

    particular,thebusinesscommunityobjected toawidescale,mixeduserezoningof theRedHook

    andtheintroductionofresidentialusesatcertainlocations.

    The197

    aPlan

    recommended

    achange

    from

    industrial

    to

    mixed

    use

    zoning

    for

    many

    interior

    blocks

    oftheFocusArea.Whilesuchzoningwouldallowforthecontinuedoperationof industrialuses, it

    wouldalsoprovidefortheasofrightdevelopmentofhousing.Thebusin

    introductionofhousingintheseareaswouldnotbeappropriateandcouldimpedetheiroperations.

    TheCityPlanningCommissionagreedandnarrowedthescopeoftheproposedmixedusezoningto

    asmallernumberofblocks.

    The 197a Plan reflected a commitment to increase the areas population by providing for new

    affordable housing. The plan recommended the

    conversion of underused buildings. Although the 197a Plan acknowledged the retention of Red

    Hooks maritime uses as one of its primary goals, the rezoning of industrial sites or publicly

    sponsored reoccupation of industrial buildings was considered by the business community to

    underminethe

    long

    time

    operation

    of

    industries

    in

    the

    area.

    Some initiativesofthe197aPlanhavebeenrealizedsuchastheopeningof

    servicebankbranch in1997, the refurbishmentandnewconstructionofneighborhoodparks, the

    openingoftheRedHookCommunityJusticeCenter,andtherenovationoftheSullivanStreetHotel

    asanaffordablehousingproject.In2006,theFairwayMarketopenedat480500VanBruntStreet

    inaformerindustrialbuildingthatwasidentifiedfornewmixedusedevelopmentinthe197aPlan.

    SOUTHWESTBROOKLYNECONOMICDEVELOP

    In1994,NewYorkStateGovernorMarioCuomodesignatedRedHookandthenearbySunsetPark

    and Gowanus neighborhoods as the Southwest Brooklyn Economic Development Zone (now the

    SouthwestBrooklyn

    Empire

    Zone).

    This

    initiative

    was

    launched

    to

    provide

    tax

    credit

    incentives

    to

    spurbusinessexpansionandthecreationofjobs.ItisfundedbytheStateandad

    SouthwestBrooklyn In

    MostofthewaterfrontintheFocusAreaalsofallswithintheSouthwestBrooklynIndustrialBusiness

    Zone (IBZ), which also includes the waterfronts of the adjacent neighborhoods of Gowanus and

    SunsetPark.AnIBZisdefinedasamanufacturingareathatreflectsthecommi

    not implementzoningchangesorvariancesthatwouldallowachange from

    residential use. The City

    industrialbusinesseswithin

    Following implementation of the IBZ, a number of vacant waterfront sites were reoccupied. The

    Brooklyn

    Cruise

    Terminal

    and

    a

    large

    beverage

    distributor

    (Phoenix

    Beverage)

    are

    maritime

    and

    industrialusesthatrecentlybeganoperationswithintheEmpireZoneandtheIBZ.

    LOCALWATERFRONTREVITALIZATIONPROGRAM

    AlloftheFocusAreaaswellasDUMBO,VinegarHill,theBrooklynHeights,CobbleHill,andCarroll

    Gardenswaterfront,andareasalongtheGowanusCanalarewithintheCityandStatesdesignate

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    coastalzone.TheCitysWaterfrontRevitalizationProgram(WRP)contains10majorpoliciesfocused

    on improving public access to the waterfront; reducing damage from flooding and other water

    related disasters; protecting water quality, sensitive habitats (such as wetlands), and the aquatic

    ecosystem;reusingabandonedwaterfrontstructures;andpromotingdevelopmentwithappropriate

    tion advantages that make portions of the coastal zone especially

    waterfront greenway have opened in the Study Area: between Old Fulton Street and Atlantic

    ic

    terminal) designed to

    relax, and shop. In TOD

    Bicycle Network

    Project ND), a joint of City Planning, Department of Parks and

    The BND goals are to implement and

    land

    uses.

    The

    principles

    of

    the

    WRP

    formed

    the

    basis

    for

    a

    New

    York

    City

    Department

    of

    CityPlanning study and the resulting adoption of new waterfront zoning. The New York City Planning

    CommissioncertifieswhetheraproposedactionisincompliancewiththecitysWRP.TheNewYork

    StateDepartmentofStatehasthisresponsibilityonthestatelevel.

    The Red Hook waterfront is designated a Significant Maritime and Industrial Area. These working

    waterfront areas have loca

    valuableasindustrialareas.PublicinvestmentwithintheSignificantMaritimeandIndustrialAreais

    intendedtoimprovetransportationaccessandmaritimeandindustrialoperations.Thedesignation

    ofRedHookasaSignificantMaritimeandIndustrialAreareflectstheCityscommitmenttomaintain

    its maritime history and discourage the replacement of waterdependent industry with highrise

    housing,officespace,andothersuchuses.

    BROOKLYNWATERFRONTGREENWAYMASTERPLAN

    NYCDOT is developing a master plan to focus the implementation of the Brooklyn Waterfront

    Greenway, a 14mile, waterfront bicycle and pedestrian path, stretching from Sunset Park to

    Greenpoint.ThegoaloftheprojectistoopenunderutilizedstretchesoftheBrooklynwaterfrontto

    recreation, and to provide a safe and attractive space for walking and cycling. Portions of the

    AvenuewithinthenewlyconstructedBrooklynBridgePark,andalongColumbiaStreetfromAtlant

    AvenuetoDeGrawStreet,justoutsideoftheFocusArea.NYCDOTiscurrentlyevaluatingoptionsfor

    theGreenwaysalignmentthroughtheFocusArea.

    TRANSITORIENTEDDEVELOPMENT

    Transitoriented development (TOD) is characterized by a highdensity mix of residential and

    commercial uses anchored by a transit center (typically a rail station or

    increase mass transit use and provide places for people to live, work,

    communities,concentrateddevelopment isgenerally locatedwithintomileswalkingdistance

    ofatransitstation,withthedensityofdevelopmentdecreasingoutwards fromthetransitcenter.

    The New York City Zoning Resolution reflects the Citys policy of encouraging high density

    development in areas with significant mass transit access, with the goal of promoting the

    opportunityforpeopletoworkinthevicinityoftheirresidences. WithintheStudyArea,the2009

    DUMBOrezoningfurtherstheCitysTODgoal.

    NEWYORKCITYBICYCLEMASTERPLAN

    The New York City Bicycle Master Plan was produced in the first phase of the

    Development (B Department

    Recreation, and Department of Transportation project.

    maintainthecityson andoffstreetbicyclenetwork,toimprovecyclingsafety,toimprovebicycle

    accessonbridgesandmasstransit,andtoencouragecyclinginpublicandprivateorganizations.The

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    BicycleMasterPlanidentifiesportionsofClinton,Henry,Bergen,andDeanStreetsintheStudyArea

    aspriorityroutesforimprovingandexpandingthecitysonstreetnetworkofcyclingamenities.

    PLANYC

    In2007,

    the

    Mayors

    Office

    of

    Long

    Term

    Planning

    and

    Sustainability

    released

    PlaNYC:

    A

    Greener,

    Greater New York. PlaNYC represents a comprehensive and integrated approach to planning for

    NewYorkCitysfuture. It includespoliciestoaddressthreekeychallengesthattheCityfacesover

    the next 20 years: (1) population growth; (2) aging infrastructure; and (3) global climate change.

    reidentifiedfortheFocusAreaintheMayorsOfficeof

    StrategicPlanning

    2010

    PlaNYC

    progress

    report.

    ficeofLongTermPlanningandSustainability,

    Elements of the plan are organized into six categoriesland, water, transportation, energy, air

    quality,andclimatechangewithcorrespondinggoalsand initiatives.SomeofthegeneralPlaNYC

    policy initiatives have been or are in the process of being implemented throughout the city,

    includingboththeFocusAreaandtheStudyArea.PlaNYCdevelopmentsspecifictothestudyarea

    include:anewpublicplazaopenedinDUMBOin2007;andtheimplementationorenhancementof

    bicycle lanes in Cobble Hill, Boerum Hill, Downtown Brooklyn, and along the Columbia Street

    waterfront.NospecificPlaNYCinitiativeswe

    LocalLaw17of2008establishedtheNewYorkCityOf

    and the requirement for this office to develop and implement a comprehensive longterm

    sustainabilityplan.LocalLaw17of2008requiresthesustainabilityplantobeupdatedbyApril2011

    andeveryfouryearsthereafter.PlaNYCistheCityslongtermsustainabilityplanuntilsuchtimeas

    itisupdatedbytheOfficeofLongTermPlanningandSustainability.

    2.6 HISTORICRESOURCESTheStudyAreacontainsanumberofhistoricdistricts(seeTable23)andlandmarkedbuildingsand

    structures(seeTable24andFigures24and25).

    TABLE23:

    HISTORICDISTRICTS

    NAME NHL LPC S/NR

    S/NR

    ELIGIBLE

    NYCL

    ELIGIBLE

    AdmiralsRowHistoricDistrict X

    BoerumHillHistoricDistrict X X

    BrooklynHeightsHistoricDistrict X X X

    BrooklynNavyYardHistoricDistrict X

    CarrollGardensHistoricDistrict X X

    CarrollGardensHistoricDistrictExtension X X

    CobbleHillHistoricDistrictandExtension X X

    DUMBO

    Historic

    District

    X

    X

    FultonFerryHistoricDistrict X X

    GowanusCanalHistoricDistrict X

    VinegarHillHistoricDistrict X

    Notes: NHL = National Historic Landmark; LPC = New York City Landmark or Historic District; S/NR = State and

    NationalRegisterofHistoricPlaces;NYCL=NewYorkCityLandmark

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    TABLE24:

    HISTORIC BUILDINGSANDSTRUCTURES

    MAP

    NO. NAME ADDRESS NHL LPC S/NR

    S/NR

    ELIGIBLE

    NYCL

    ELIGIBLE

    FOCUSAREA

    58 Pier41 VanDykeStreetandFerris

    Street

    X

    59 RedHookStores 480500VanBrundtStreet X

    60 BeardStores 421573VanBrundtStreet X

    61 99113VanDykeStreet X X

    62 BrooklynClayRetortandFireBrick

    WorksStorehouse

    7686VanDykeStreet X X

    63 106110BeardStreet X X

    64 ErieBasinBulkhead SurroundingRichards

    StreetsouthofBeard

    Street

    X

    65 FormerRevereSugarRefinery RichardsStreetsouthof

    BeardStreet

    X

    66 GravingDockNo.1 ErieBasinsouthwestof

    BeardStreet(Ikeasite)

    X

    67 GantryCrane ErieBasinsouthwestof

    BeardStreet(Ikeasite)

    X

    68 PortAuthorityGrainTerminal HenryStreetBasin,south

    ofHalleckStreet

    X

    69 RedHookPlayCenterandPool 155BayStreet X X

    70 IND9thand10thStreetSubway

    Viaduct

    Along9thand10thStreets

    betweenSmithStreetand

    FifthAvenue

    X

    STUDYAREA

    1 BrooklynBridge X X X

    2

    ManhattanBridge

    X

    3 BrooklynCityRailroadCompany 8CadmanPlazaWest X X

    4 ThomsonMeterCompa gnyBuildin 100110BridgeStreet X X

    5 Commandant'sHouse,Brooklyn

    NavyYard

    EvansStreetatLittleStreet X

    6 PlymouthChurchofthePilgrims 75HicksStreet X X

    7 BrooklynHistoricalSociety 128PierrepontStreet X

    8 St.AnnandtheHolyTrinity

    Church

    157MontagueStreet X X

    9 BrooklynTrustCompanyBuilding 177179MontagueStreet X X

    10 UnitedStatesPostOfficeand

    CourtHouse,BrooklynCentral

    Office

    271301CadmanPlazaEast X X

    11 FormerPublicSchool5 122TillaryStreet X

    12 JosephJ.JacobsBuilding,

    PolytechnicUniversity

    305315JayStreet X

    13 FirstFreeCongregationalChurch 311BridgeStreet X X

    14 LeffertsLaidlawHouse 136ClintonStreet X

    15 IRTBoroughHallSubwayStation JunctionofJoralemon,

    Court,andAdamsStreets

    X X

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    TABLE24(CONTINUED)

    HISTORIC BUILDINGSANDSTRUCTURES

    MAP

    NO. NAME ADDRESS NHL LPC S/NR

    S/NR

    ELIGIBLE

    NYCL

    ELIGIBLE

    16

    BrooklynCity

    Hall

    (aka

    Brooklyn

    BoroughHall)209

    Joralemon

    Street

    X

    X

    17 345AdamsStreet X X

    18 BrooklynFriendsSchool 375PearlStreet X

    19 BrooklynFireHeadquarters 365367JayStreet X X

    20 NewYorkandNewJersey

    TelephoneandTelegraphBuilding

    81WilloughbyStreet X X

    21 DuffieldStreetHouses 182188DuffieldStreet X

    22 LongIslandHeadquartersofthe

    NewYorkTelephoneCompany

    97105WilloughbyStreet X X

    23 St.BonifaceChurch 111WilloughbyStreet X

    24 423FultonStreet X

    25

    AtlanticAvenue

    Tunnel

    Atlantic

    Avenue

    between

    BoerumPlaceand

    ColumbiaStreet

    X

    26 FormerBoardofEducation

    Headquarters

    110LivingstonStreet X X

    27 Gage&TollnerRestaurant 372FultonStreet X X

    28 376FultonStreet X X

    29 BoardofEducationBuilding 131LivingstonStreet X X

    30 FormerAmericaForeBuilding 141LivingstonStreet X X

    31 386388FultonStreet X

    32 FormerAbraham&Strauss

    Buildings

    418430FultonStreetand

    1529GallatinPlace

    X X

    33 495FultonStreet X

    34 233DuffieldStreet X X

    35 OffermanBuilding 503513FultonStreet X X

    36 446FultonStreet X

    37 A.I.Namm&SonDepartment

    Store

    450458FultonStreet X

    38 DimeSavingsBank 9DeKalbAvenue X

    39 FriendsMeetingHouseandSchool 110SchermerhornStreet X X

    40 BrooklynCentralCourthouse 120SchermerhornStreet X X

    41 StateStreetHouses 291299,290324State

    Street

    X X

    42 FormerLoesser'sDepartment

    Store

    25ElmPlace X

    43 565571FultonStreet X

    44 308310LivingstonStreet X X

    45 PioneerWarehouses 3753and7492Rockwell

    Place

    X X

    46 BaptistTemple 360SchermerhornStreet X

    47 FormerPublicSchool15 372SchermerhornStreet X

    48 522550StateStreet X

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    TABLE24(CONTINUED)

    HISTORIC BUILDINGSANDSTRUCTURES

    MAP

    NO. NAME ADDRESS NHL LPC S/NR

    S/NR

    ELIGIBLE

    NYCL

    ELIGIBLE

    49

    IRT/BMTAtlantic

    Avenue

    Subway

    StationIntersection

    of

    Atlantic,

    Flatbush,and4thAvenuesX

    50 AtlanticAvenueControlHouse IntersectionofAtlanticand

    FlatbushAvenues

    X

    51 WyckoffStreetRowblocks 74132and196258

    WyckoffStreet

    X X

    52 CobbleHillHighSchool 347BalticStreet X

    53 BrooklynPublicLibrary,Carroll

    GardensBranch

    396ClintonStreet X

    54 BrooklynUnionGasCompany

    Building

    180UnionStreet X

    55 JohnRankinHouse 440ClintonStreet X X

    56 St.Paul'sProtestantEpiscopal

    Church

    199CarrollStreet X

    57 SouthCongregationalChurch

    Complex

    358366CourtStreet,253

    269PresidentStreet

    X X

    Notes: c Land k City Landmark r Historic Distric S/NR = Sta and

    Pla YorkCityLan mark

    NHL = National Histori

    NationalRe

    mark; LPC = New Yor o t; te

    gisterofHistoric ces;NYCL =New d

    Large Area istric , incl ding m of Brooklyn

    H an The Brooklyn Heights Historic Distric the

    Brooklyn Bridge, Plymouth Church St. and the Holy Trinity Churc are

    N n s, wh est level of protection under Federal

    preser ws.

    S a

    individual

    buildings

    are

    lis r

    listing

    n

    the

    nd

    National

    Register

    of

    H r natedor as ewYorkCit Landmarks.Inthe cus

    Area, ere is a cluster of such st the waterfront betwee Van Brunt and Dwight

    S t ea in Brooklyn,particularly

    along eetandFultonStreet.

    sections of the Study are designated historic d ts u uch

    eights, DUMBO, Vinegar Hill, d Carroll Gardens. t,

    of the Pilgrims, and Ann h

    atio al Historic Landmark

    vationla

    ich receive the high

    ever l ted

    or

    eligible

    fo o

    State a

    isto icPlacesoraredesig eligiblefordesignation N y Fo

    th ructures along n

    tree s. IntheStudyArea,ther

    JayStr

    reseveralhistoricstructures Downtown

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    FIGURE23:

    HISTORICDISTRICTS,BUILDINGSANDSTRUCTURES(NORTHERNHALFOFSTUDYAREA)

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    FIGURE24:

    ICDISTRICTS,BUILDINGS,ANDSTRUCTURES(SOUTHERNHALFOFSTUDYAREA/FOCUSHISTOR AREA)

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    2.7 CONCLUSIONThe

    Depression. Intheearlyportionoftheperiod,developmentwas fueledbymaritimeactivitiesand

    industrial

    uses.

    As

    transportation,

    particularly

    subway

    and

    streetcar

    service,

    improved

    access

    to,

    from,andwithintheseareas,therewasrapidresidentialandcommercialdevelopment.Downtown

    Brooklynbecamea hub ofmunicipaland retail uses in theborough, andmany of its surrounding

    neighborhoodsbecamethebedroomcommunitiesofitsworkers.

    FollowingWorldWarII,economicdeclineintheCitysindustrialsectordevastatedtheemployment

    basesofRedHookandotherwaterfrontdistrictsofBrooklyn.Atthesametime,manymiddleclass

    residents fled inner city neighborhoods, resulting in the deterioration and abandonment of the

    housingstockandsubsequentdeclineinsupportservices.

    Inthe1980s,portionsoftheStudyAreabegantoturnaround.Arealestateboomresulted inthe

    constructionofnewhighrisebuildings inDowntownBrooklyn,and itssurroundingneighborhoods

    were reoccupied by residents. Through the 1990s this trend extended to DUMBO, where former

    warehouseand

    industrial

    buildings

    were

    converted

    to

    residential

    use,

    and

    in

    the

    first

    part

    of

    this

    decadenewinvestmenthasextendedtootherwaterfrontareas.

    In the Focus Area, the pace of new investment has been less robust than elsewhere in the study

    area,buttherecentdevelopmentoftheAtlanticBasinandlargescaleretailusesindicatearenewed

    interest in the area. These large projects have been complemented by smaller residential

    conversionsandagrowingartistcommunity.However,RedHookremainsisolatedfromsurrounding

    areasandsuffersfrompooraccesstotheboroughstransitinfrastructure.

    Focus Area and Study Area developed rapidly between the mid 1800s and the Great

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    3.0 SOCIALANDECONOMICCHARACTERISTICS3.1 DEMOGRAPHICSThissectiondescribesthedemographicprofileofthecombinedFocusAreaandStudyArea.1When

    appropriate,localstatisticsarecomparedtoBrooklynasawhole.

    POPULATION

    In1990,theU.S.BureauoftheCensusestimatedthat10,846residentslivedinRedHook.By2000,

    the population decreased by approximately six percent to 10,215 residents. The Focus Area

    populationhas increasedsince2000,andtoday isestimatedat10,695people. Incomparison,the

    overallStudyAreaspopulationhassteadily increased inthepast20years.In1990,approximately

    SIDENTIALPOPULATION(19902010)

    79,973 residents lived within the area. By 2000, the population increased by approximately eight

    percent to 86,602 residents. The Study Area population has continued to increase and today is

    estimatedat93,457people(seeTable31).

    TABLE31:

    RE

    TOTALPOPULATION PERCENTCHANGE

    LOCATION 1990 2000 2010 19902000 20002010

    FocusArea 10,846 10,215 10,695 5.8% 4.7%

    StudyArea 79,973 86,602 93,457 8.3% 7.9%

    Sources: 1990and2000datafromU.S.BureauoftheCensus;2010estimatesfromESRI.

    DENSITY

    Figure

    31

    shows

    the

    geographic

    distribution

    of

    the

    Focus

    Area

    and

    Study

    Area

    residential

    populationdensityandemploymentdensity(discussedindetaillater),basedon2000datafromthe

    U.S. Bureau of the Census. As shown, residents are more closely concentrated on interior blocks

    withfewerpeoplealongthewaterfront.However,recentlycompleteddevelopmentandproposed

    development in DUMBO, Vinegar Hill, and the Columbia Street Waterfront will increase the

    populationdensityofthosewaterfrontneighborhoods.

    1 Thiscensusprofileisbasedonthe10blockgroupsthatcorrespondmostcloselytoRedHooksboundaries,andthe95blockgroups

    thatcorrespondmostcloselytotheStudyAreasboundaries.TheStudyArea iscomprisedofthefollowingBrooklyn(KingsCounty)

    blockgroups:CensusTract1,BlockGroups1,2and3;CensusTract3.01,BlockGroups1,2,3,4and5;CensusTract3.02,BlockGroup

    1;Census

    Tract

    5,

    Block

    Groups

    1,

    2,

    3,

    4and

    5;

    Census

    Tract

    7,

    Block

    Groups

    1,

    2and

    3;

    Census

    Tract

    9,

    Block

    Groups

    1and

    2;

    Census

    Tract11,BlockGroup1;CensusTract13,BlockGroups1and2;CensusTract21,BlockGroups1,2,3and4;CensusTract23,Block

    Group1;CensusTract25,BlockGroups1and2;CensusTract27,BlockGroups1and2;CensusTract31,BlockGroups2and3;Census

    Tract33,BlockGroup2;CensusTract35,BlockGroups1and2;CensusTract37,BlockGroups1and2;CensusTract39,BlockGroups

    1and2;CensusTract41,BlockGroups1and4;CensusTract43,BlockGroups1,2,3and4;CensusTract45,BlockGroups2,3and4;

    CensusTract47,BlockGroups1and2;CensusTract49,BlockGroups1,2and3;CensusTract51,BlockGroups1,2and3;Census

    Tract55,BlockGroups1and2;CensusTract57,BlockGroups1,2,3,and4;CensusTract59,BlockGroups1,2and3;CensusTract

    63,BlockGroups1and2;CensusTract65,BlockGroups1,2,3,4,5,6and7;CensusTract67,BlockGroups1,2,3,4and5;Census

    Tract69,BlockGroups1,2,3and4;CensusTract75,BlockGroups2,3,4,and5;CensusTract77,BlockGroups1,2,3and4;and

    CensusTract85,BlockGroup1.RedHookiscomprisedofthefollowingblockgroups:CensusTract55,BlockGroups1and2;Census

    Tract57,BlockGroups1,2,3,and4;CensusTract59,BlockGroups1,2and3;andCensusTract85,BlockGroup1.

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    FIGURE31:

    POPULATIONANDEMPLOYMENTDENSITY

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    TheFocusAreaisapproximately0.87squar pulationdensityisestimatedat12,323.56

    personspersquaremile.Theo squaremiles.Incomparison

    totheFocusArea,theStudyArea ismoredenseand isestimatedat31,880.37personspersquare

    mile(seeTable32).

    TABLE32:

    POPULATIONDENSITY

    emiles.Itspo

    verallStudyArea isapproximately2.93

    PERSONSPERSQUAREMILE PERCENTCHANGE

    LOCATION 1990 2000 2010 19902000 20002010

    FocusArea 12,497.55 11,770.47 12,323.56 5.8% 4.7%

    StudyArea 27,280.67 29,541.97 31,880.37 8.3% 7.9%

    Sources: 1990and2000datafromU.S.BureauoftheCensus;2010estimatesfromESRI.

    AGE

    Asshown inTable33,themajorityofresidents intheFocusAreaareworkingage(20to64years

    old),

    and

    approximately

    30

    percent

    are

    school

    aged

    (5

    to

    19

    years

    old).

    About

    nine

    percent

    are

    underfiveyearsoldandaboutninepercentareover65yearsold.IntheStudyArea,thepercentage

    ofworkingagedpersonsismuchhigher(nearly71percent)thanintheFocusArea.Thepercentage

    of senior citizens is also higher (nearly 12 percent), but the percentage of children is lower (5.5

    percentunderfiveyearsand12.2percentschoolaged).

    TABLE33:

    AGEDISTRIBUTION

    FOCUSAREA STUDYAREA

    AGECOHORT 1990 2000 2010 1990 2000 2010

    Under5Years 10.4% 8.5% 9.1% 5.7% 5.4% 5.5%

    5Years

    to

    19

    Years

    (School

    Aged)

    28.4%

    29.7%

    25.1%

    14.2%

    13.7%

    12.2%

    20Yearsto64Years(WorkingAged) 53.1% 53.4% 57.0% 68.8% 70.3% 70.7%

    Over65Years 8.1% 8.4% 8.8% 11.3% 10.6% 11.6%

    MedianAge 26.5 28.1 28.5 32.0 34.8 36.3

    Sources: U.SCensus,ESRI

    ETHNICITY

    As shown in Figure 32, Red Hook is a racially diverse community. The Latino population is the

    largest ethnic group within the Focus Area, representing approximately 47 percent of the

    population. African Americans represent 42 percent of the Focus Areas population. Whites

    representeightpercentoftheFocusAreapopulation,andAsiansrepresentonepercent.Abouttwo

    percentofthepopulationidentifiedthemselvesastwoormoreraces.

    IntheStudyArea,thelargestpercentageofthepopulationisWhite(53percent).AfricanAmerican

    and Latino each represent 19 percent of the population. About five percent of the population

    identifiedthemselvesasAsian;threepercent identifiedthemselvesas twoormoreraces,and0.5

    percentidentifiedthemselvesassomeotherrace(seeFigure33).

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    FIGURE32:

    RACIALCOMPOSITIONOFTHEFOCUSAREA

    OSITI THES REA

    FIGURE33:

    RACIALCOMP ONOF TUDYA

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    BROOKLYNSTREETCAR

    FEASIBILITYSTUDY

    331

    EDUCATIONALATTAINMENT

    thehighestl residentsbasedon2000

    . Over half of the Focus Areas adult populations have completed a high school

    educ ion. Approximately 10 percent of residents have completed an undergraduate degree

    rogram, and nearly three percent have completed a masters or professional degree program.49percentofadultresidentshavenotcompletedahighschooleducation.

    theStudyArea,approximately82percentoftheareasadultresidentshaveahighschooldiploma

    ee Figure 35). About 29 percent have completed an undergraduate degree program, and 26

    ercent have a masters or professional degree. Approximately 18 percent of adult residents the

    avenotcompletedahighschooleducation.

    FIGURE34:

    LEVELOFEDUCATIONINTHEFOCUSAREA

    Figure34shows

    Census data

    evelofeducationalattainmentforFocusArea

    at

    p

    About

    In

    (s

    p

    h

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    EXISTINGCONDITIONSREPORT

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    FIGURE35:

    ccording $19,417.As

    inTable34,asubstantialnumberofhouseholds(approximately47.8percent)earnlessthan

    15,000 per year. Only 10.2 percent of the households earn more than $50,000 per year. By

    ontrast, in the Study Area, approximately 27 percent of households earn less than $25,000 per

    year,andthemajority(52percent)earnsmorethan$50,000peryear.

    TABLE34:

    INCOMEDISTRIBUTION

    LEVELOFEDUCATIONINTHESTUDYAREA

    INCOME

    A

    shown

    toCensusforecasts,the2010medianhouseholdincomefortheFocusAreais

    $

    c

    PERCENTOFFOCUS PERCENTOFSTUDY

    ANNUALINCOME AREAHOUSEHOLDS AREAHOUSEHOLDS

    Lessthan$15,000 47.8% 18.0%

    $15,000to$24,999 19.6% 8.6%

    $25,000to$34,999 9.0% 8.7%

    $35,000to$49,999 13.4% 13.6%

    $50,000to

    $74,999

    6.2%

    17.5%

    $75,000to$99,999 2.2% 9.7%

    $100,000to$149,999 0.9% 11.4%

    $150,000to$199,999 0.3% 5.0%

    $200,000andabove 0.6% 7.4%

    Source: 2000Census

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    BROOKLYNSTREETCAR

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    Themedianhousehold income for theFocu asedslightlybetween1989and1999,and

    has continued to increase in r e median household income

    creasedbytwopercentbetween1989and1999andincreasedby22percentfrom1999to2010.

    medianhousehold incomehasalso increasedfortheStudyArea(by34percentbetween1989

    nd1999

    and

    by

    28

    percent

    between

    1999

    and

    2010).

    TABLE35:

    MEDIANHOUSEHOLDINCOME

    sArea incre

    ecent years. As shown in Table 35, th

    in

    The

    a

    LOCATION 1989 1999 2010

    PERCENTCHANGE

    19891999

    PERCENTCHANGE

    19992010

    FocusArea $15,571 $15,928 $19,417 2% 22%

    StudyArea $38,203 $51,164 $65,631 34% 28%

    Sources: 2000 U.S. Census; ESRI. All values in 2010 dollars, based on US Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer

    PriceIndex(CPI)

    3.2 HOUSINGAsshown inTable36,theFocusAreaexperiencedanetgainof134dwellingunitsbetween1990

    nd 2000, an increase of approximately three percent. This is a much lower increase than the 8

    ercentgainfortheStudyAreaasawhole.Between2000and2010,theFocusAreahadanetgain

    279 dwelling units (6.7 percent). Again, this is lower than the Study Areas increase of 11.2

    ercent.I