10.1

Jefferson Takes Office

1801-1809

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www.history.org/History/teaching/enewsletter/volume7/images/oct/election1800

.movColonial Williamsburg Election of 1800 Powerpoint movie hyperlink

radical:Definition:______________________________________________________________________________________

Why Significant?_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Democratic Republican:Definition:______________________________________________________________________________________

Why Significant?_________________________________________________________________________________

Thomas JeffersonWho: ______________________________________________What: (p. 314-5)___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________When: ____________________Where:___________________Why Significant? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Aaron BurrWho: ______________________________________________What:_________________________________________________________________________________________________Why Significant? _______________________________________________________________________________________

  FEDERALISTS DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICAN

CANDIDATE

   

ISSUES   

   

VOTES WON

   

OUTCOME?    

Campaign of 1800

Election of 1800

Essential Questions:Why was the election of 1800 so nasty and so hard to decide? (p.313-4)

http://www.history.org/history/teaching/enewsletter/volume7/oct08/teachstrategy.cfm

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Election of 1800 – Why a tie?

According to the Article II, Section 1 of the Constitution, if two candidates each received a majority of the electoral votes but are tied, the House of Representatives would determine which one would be President. Therefore, the decision rested with the lame duck, Federalist-controlled House of Representatives. Thirty-five ballots were cast over five days but neither candidate received a majority. Many Federalists saw Jefferson as their principal foe, whose election was to be avoided at all costs. But Alexander Hamilton, a well-respected Federalist party leader, hated Burr and advised Federalists in Congress that Jefferson was the safer choice. Finally, on February 17, 1801, on the thirty-sixth ballot, the House elected Thomas Jefferson to be President.

The tie vote between Jefferson and Burr in the 1801 Electoral College pointed out problems with the electoral system. The framers of the Constitution had not anticipated such a tie nor had they considered the possibility of the election of a President or Vice President from opposing factions - which had been the case in the 1796 election. In 1804, the passage of the 12th Amendment corrected these problems by providing for separate Electoral College votes for President and Vice President.

SOURCE: http://www.archives.gov/legislative/features/1800-election/1800-election.html

What were Jefferson’s accomplishments outside of being president?

Essential Questions:What did Jefferson do as president to act on his belief that government ought to be less powerful and play a more modest role? (p.316)

http://www.history.org/history/teaching/enewsletter/volume7/oct08/teachstrategy.cfm

What did President Adams do under the Judiciary Act of 1801?

What conflict/crisis did this create with the new Jefferson Administration?

Judiciary Act of 1801

The Struggle for the Court

Judiciary Act of 1801 = Adams tries to pack the court with Federalist judges

Midnight judges= the Federalist appointees, including John Marshall as Chief Justice

KEY FACT: Appointments were signed but not delivered.

DEBATE: Are the appointments of Adams now binding on Jefferson?

Marbury v. MadisonHISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Establishes the principal ofJUDICIAL REVIEW = the ability of the Court to declare an act of Congress or the President unconstitutional.