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10/01 V. R. Francisco 1
RENAISSANCE THEATRE ARCHITECTURE
by Virginia R. Francisco
10/01 V. R. Francisco 2
Italian Practice is Major Influence • productions began 1470• but only on special occasions• in temporary theatres
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Emphasis on Scenery
• even Serlio assumes no permanent building
• a theatre burned in Ferrara 1532• but not known to be permanent
10/01 V. R. Francisco 4
Temporary Theatres in Halls• stadium-like seating around an
orchestra• used to seat royal party• raised stage at ruler's eye level• front stage flat for actors• rear raked for scenery
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Scenery Not Meant to be Changed• Serlio’s 3 scenes were to be
enough for all plays
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Development of Permanent Theatres • after 1550: the Baroque Era• new concern for authority• return to orthodoxy • under growing pressure from
Protestantism
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Teatro Olimpico, Vicenza
• oldest surviving permanent theatre in Europe
• built 1585 by Olympic Academy, founded 1555
• specialized in Greek dramas• formerly produced on temporary
stages
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Teatro Olimpico Designed by Palladio• a member of the Olympic Academy• student of Vetruvius and of Roman
ruins
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Teatro Olimpico
• in existing building• necessarily semi-elliptical seating• around a small orchestra• http://www.vicenzanews
.it/APT_PRO/MUSEI/teatro_olimpico.htm
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Stage and Scenery
• rectangular stage• fixed facade with 5 openings• modified by Scamozzi• street scenes in perspective
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Teatro at Sabbionetta
• designed by Scamozzi, 1588• first purpose-built theatre building• designed as one unit
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The Proscenium Arch
• purpose is masking scene changes• served by downstage angle wings
and border• early proscenium arches were
temporary• oldest extant evidence is drawing• Bartolomeo Neroni, 1560
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Permanent Proscenium Arches• early at Uffizi court theatre,
Florence, 1586• designed by Bartolomeo Neroni• destroyed in c. 18
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Teatro Farnese at Parma
• designed by Giovani Battista Aleotti, 1618• first used 1628• first surviving theatre with permanent
proscenium arch • two more arches upstage• Auditorium Like Other Court Theatres• U-shaped stadium seating• large open orchestra
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Box, Pit, and Gallery Auditoria• used in middle ages in temporary
theatres• used in London (1567), Paris
(1558), Madrid (1579) public theatres
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Corrales in Spain
• Madrid, several temporary, 1570’shttp://www.coh.arizona.edu/spanish/comedia
/graphics/principe1.jpg
• Almagro, n.d., now restoredhttp://www.coh.arizona.edu/spanish/comedia
/graphics/almagro.html
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Standardized by Public Opera Houses• and professional opera troupes• first public theatre, San Cassiano, Venice,
1565• Opera of SS Giovanni e Paolo, Venice, 1639• plan is first extant evidence of bpg
auditorium• five levels of galleries• first two divided into boxes• parterre
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Venice Public Opera House• Box, pit, and gallery auditorium• Proscenium arch stage• Wing, drop, and border scenery• La Fenice, 1789
http://www.teatrolafenice.it/fenice/storia/frindpr.htm
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Surviving Renaissance Theatres• Drottingholms Slottsteater, 1766,
Swedenhttp://www.drottningholmsteatern.dtm.se/engelsk/
eframes_index.htm
• Cesky Krumlov, Czech Republic• 1680, reconstructed and equipped
1765http://www.ckrumlov.cz/uk/zamek/5nadvori/i_bd.htm