10/01/14 Session Freshman Composition. What to Expect Today Turn in Response Essays Introduction: How to Effectively Integrate Quotations from Publications

10/01/14 Session

Freshman Composition

What to Expect Today

• Turn in Response Essays

• Introduction: How to Effectively Integrate Quotations from Publications and Electronic Resources, using MLA guidelines• Stephen Colbert demonstration and discussion

• Introducing “The Quote Sandwich”

• Group quotation activity

• Peer review and discussion of Sample Descriptive Essay on Painting

• Peer review of Drafts of Your Rough Drafts of Descriptive Essay with Peer Review Rubrics

Why Do We Cite Sources?

Why Do We Cite?

"So you don't get accused of plagiarizing."

Why Do We Cite?

• To make your arguments more credible. You want to use the very best evidence to support your claims.

• To show you've done your homework. You want to make it clear to your audience that you've researched your subject and know what you are talking about. As you dive deeper into your research, you will probably find certain authors are experts on the topic and are mentioned in most of the articles and books. You should read these experts' works and incorporate them into your paper.

• To build a foundation for your paper. Great breakthroughs in scholarship are accomplished by building on the earlier, groundbreaking work of others. You want to provide references to the works which led to your thesis.

• To allow your readers to find the sources for themselves. Someone interested in your topic may be inspired to read some of the articles and other sources you used to write your paper. The citation within the paper tells them what part of your argument is best addressed by a particular source, and the full citation in the bibliography provides them with the information needed to locate the original work.

Proper Quote Integration

What is an “in-text citation”?

• Referring to the works of others in your text

• Can include using a “signal phrase” or• Placing relevant source information in

parentheses after a quote or a paraphrase

What Do I Need to Include in an In-Text Citation?• Basic information for an in-text citation includes:

• the author's last name

• page number letting the reader know where the information can be located in the original document.

• This information can either be supplied in a signal phrase or at the end of the citation.

What Do I Need to Include in an In-Text Citation?

Basil Maglaris, a spokesman for Kraft, said that the company wanted to portray Wheat Thins as "a brand that embraces being part of the conversation. The brands on MTV and Comedy Central are about edgier types of content” ( Andrews 22).

Citations should be in parenthesis (). It should include the author and the page number. The period goes after the closing parenthesis.

According to Bill Andrews’ article in Newsweek, Basil Maglaris, a spokesman for Kraft, said that the company wanted to portray Wheat Thins as "a brand that embraces being part of the conversation. The brands on MTV and Comedy Central are about edgier types of content” (22).

Two Options when you have an author and printed text with page #

OR

What is a Signal Phrase and How Do I Use It?

• When using direct quotations in a research report or documented essay, use signal phrases to identify the source and type of information

• Effective signal phrases include the author’s name and usually an action verb that characterizes the information.

Signal Phrases

Remember to include a parenthetical reference, usually a page number for print sources, after the direct quotation.

What is a Signal Phrase and How Do I Use It?

In this case, using signal phrase giving the author of the source is sufficient. (Here the author is a government agency.)

What if I use a Signal Phrase?

A student is citing a statistic from the following short work from a Web site: United States. Dept. of Justice. Drug Enforcement Administration. “1990-1994.” US Drug Enforcement Administration. DEA, 12 Oct. 2014. Web. 5 Mar. 2014

According to a report by the United States Justice Department’s Drug Enforcement Administration, heroin in the 1990s was about five times more potent than the heroin of the 1960s.

In-Text Citations When You Don’t Know Author

Citations should be in parenthesis (). It should include the author and the page number. The period goes after the closing parenthesis.

I don’t know the author of a publication– What do I do?

No wild species have become extinct as a result of regulated sport hunting ("MountainLion" 74).

Use an abbreviated form of the title followed by the page number

In-Text Citations When Citing an Online Source

"How to Make Vegetarian Chili." eHow. Demand Media, n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2013

When making vegetarian chili, one chef recommends using red lentils instead of green to increase flavor (“How to Make Vegetarian Chili”).

My resource is from the internet and doesn’t have an author

Cite the title of the article

In-Text Citations When Citing an Online Source

For electronic and Internet sources, follow the following guidelines:

•Include in the text the first item that appears in the Work Cited entry that corresponds to the citation (e.g. author name, article name, website name, film name).

•You do not need to give paragraph numbers or page numbers based on your Web browser’s print preview function.

•Unless you must list the Web site name in the signal phrase in order to get the reader to the appropriate entry, do not include URLs in-text. Only provide partial URLs such as when the name of the site includes, for example, a domain name, like CNN.com or Forbes.com as opposed to writing out http://www.cnn.com or http://www.forbes.com.

In-Text Citations that are QuestionsI have a quotation with a question mark – where do I put the question mark?

Because the question mark is in the original source, it appears inside the quotation marks and before the parenthetical citation. A period follows the parentheses.

Jimmy Olson sums up the debate over the medical use of marijuana in three questions: “(1) Is the drug safe? (2) Does it work? and (3) How does it compare with other available drugs?” (8).

Integrating Quotations Effectively

Quotes are only effective when they are effectively introduced and explained in your paper.

Using a “quote sandwich” will help make sure the quote supports your point and is integrated into your writing.

The Quote "Sandwich"

1. Lead-In Sentence(s)a. Provides context

b. Signals quote is coming

c. "Evidential" transition words help: "for instance," "for example," or "in fact"

2. Quotea. Succinct

b. Directly relevant to point

3. Analysis/connecting Sentence(s)a. Makes connection to significance FOR the reader

b. Moves reader from quote to your own point

Quote Sandwich

Quote Sandwich

Quote Sandwich

How Do I Integrate Quotes Properly?

Let’s see how Stephen Colbert uses quotes.

Colbert Clip on Wheat Thins

Listen to clip

http://vimeo.com/46314038

Notice how Stephen Colbert •Leads into a quote•How much of the quote he uses•How he continues after the quote

How does Colbert lead into, integrate, and continue after quote?

Let’s Take A Look

Colbert Quotations on Wheat Thins

The team at Nabisco has broken down the Wheat Thins’ core message into two distinct categories:


According to the team at Nabisco, Wheat Thins are:


I would love to pour this whole box of Wheat Thins in my mouth right now, but the memo clearly states that

Colbert Clip

So remember everyone, even though Wheat Thins are

Colbert Clip

Sixteen is the perfect number of Wheat Thins to

Colbert uses the “Quote Sandwich” Technique

According to the team at Nabisco, Wheat Thins are (LEAD IN)

“the perfect snacking sidekick whenever, wherever and for whatever.” (THE QUOTE)

Cheese? Yes! Hummus? Sure! A discarded strip of truck tire? It can handle it! (EXPLANATION FOLLOWING QUOTE)

Now, I would love to pour this whole box of Wheat Thins in my mouth right now, but the memo clearly states that

“we can’t show overconsumption”

You see the “serving size for Wheat Thins is 16 crackers” So, as delicious as they are I “shouldn’t eat more than 16 crackers.” (EXPLANATION FOLLOWING QUOTE)

Colbert ClipColbert devoted the entire middle third of The Colbert Report to making fun of the brand-related memo he'd received from Nabisco about the various ways in which Wheat Thins should be portrayed. "Wheat Thins are the perfect snacking sidekick whenever, wherever and for whatever," Colbert read. "Cheese? Yes! Hummus? Sure! A discarded strip of truck tire? It can handle it!"

Basil Maglaris, a spokesman for Kraft, said that the company wanted to portray Wheat Thins as "a brand that embraces being part of the conversation. The brands on MTV and Comedy Central are about edgier types of content."

Notice how quotes are integrated in this news article.

Another Quote Sandwich ExampleLead in:

For instance Dr. Willy Weather, a weather specialist at Standford University, was quoted saying,

Quote:

"Sandy has claimed more lives than any of us expected, and seems to be continuing to do so" (72).

Analysis/connection:

In fact, not only has it surpassed their expectations, but it has caused more deaths than both Hurricane Irene and Katrina.

How should we punctuate in-text Citations?

Let’s Take A Look

Punctuating Quote

There are at least four ways to integrate quotations.

1. Introduce the quotation with a complete sentence and a colon.

Example: Colbert ends his piece on Wheat Thins with a warning: “We can’t show overconsumption.”

This is an easy rule to remember: if you use a complete sentence to introduce a quotation by the author (in this case Colbert), you need a colon after the sentence.

Colbert - Punctuating Quotes

According to the team at Nabisco, Wheat Thins are: “The perfect snacking sidekick whenever, wherever and for whatever.”

Rule: if you use a complete sentence to introduce a quotation, you need a colon after the sentence.

Punctuating Quote2. Use an introductory or explanatory phrase, but not a complete sentence, separated from the quotation with a comma.

According to Colbert, the cracker was “the perfect snacking sidekick.”

You should use a comma when you introduce a quotation with a phrase such as “According to XXX”

Punctuating Quote

Colbert asks, “Why should I only eat 16 crackers when I want to eat 17?”

You should use a comma to separate your own words from the quotation when your introductory or explanatory phrase ends with a verb such as :•says•said•thinks•believes•pondered•recalls•questions•asks

Punctuating Quote3. Make the quotation a part of your own sentence without any punctuation between your own words and the words you are quoting.

Colbert argues that “17 crackers are better than 16.”

OR

Colbert argues, “17 crackers are better than 16.”

“that” replaces the comma which would be necessary without “that” in the sentence.

Citing a Quote

• All citations should always be done in MLA format

• The citations should be in parenthesis (). It should include the author (if writing about more than one work) and the page number. The period goes after the closing parenthesis.

Brian said, “Stewie type faster” (87). NOTBrian said, “Stewie type faster.” (87)

Let’s Give It a Try

Group Activity

Task:•You will receive a packet with parts of a sentence, including quotation marks, punctuation, a lead in, and a resource.

•Your task: • Read the tasking sheet, including the complete citation of the quote.

• Select and perform roles on assignment sheet.

• Work together to put the parts together correctly.

• Your group will stand and present the parts in the correct order to class by holding up each part and standing in order of how the sentence should be documented.

• Presenter will explain why you put your sentence in the order and the resources you used to confirm it.

Resources• Quotation Handout• Little Seagull Handbook – MLA section

Works Cited Page

MLA Works Cited Page: Basic Format

• Purpose –to give readers a complete bibliographical entry for each source used in an essay. This complete bibliographical entry will allow the readers to go and find the exact source (s) used in the paper.

Connection between Parenthetical citations and Works Cited Page

• There is a direct connection between parenthetical citations and Works Cited Page entries exists. To find this connection, look at what piece of information is listed in the parenthetical citation and the same piece of information in the bibliographical entry on the Works Cited page.

Example of connectionA direct quote in an essay may appear as follows: “I love English” (Williams 25). Then, the entry for this source looks like this on the Works Cited page: Williams, Topeka. English. West Memphis: MSCC Publishing, 2004.


• Begin your Works Cited page on a separate page at the end of your research paper.

• Label the page Works Cited and center the words Works Cited at the top of the page.

• Double space all citations, but do not skip spaces between entries.

• Indent the second and subsequent lines of citations by 0.5 inches to create a hanging indent.


• Capitalize each word in the titles of articles, books, etc, but do not capitalize articles (the, an), prepositions, or conjunctions unless one is the first word of the title or subtitle: Gone with the Wind, The Art of War, There Is Nothing Left to Lose.

• Entries are listed alphabetically by the author's last name (or, for entire edited collections, editor names). Author names are written last name first; middle names or middle initials follow the first name:

Burke, Kenneth

Levy, David M.

Wallace, David Foster

How Do I Document Online Sources?

n.d. = no date

N.p. = no publisher

Example

How About Documenting the Source?

My source is from the internet– What do I do?

How About Documenting Internet Sources?

My source is from the internet– What do I do?

“Johnny Depp.” The Internet Movie Database. IMDb.com, Inc, 2014. Web. 01 Oct. 2014. http://www.imdb.com/.

No author so start with name of article

Resources

Little Seagull Handout – MLA section Has rules and guidelines to followHas sample internal -citations

http://www.citationmachine.net/Citation Machine

Resources – Online Citation Generators

http://www.easybib.com/mla-format/website-citationEasy Bib

http://www.biography.com/#!/people/winston-churchill-9248164

Resources – Online Citation Generators


Resources

• Little Seagull Handout – MLA section • Has rules and guidelines to follow

• Has a sample Works Cited Page you can use as a model

Descriptive Essay – Peer Review of a Sample

Pass out Sample Descriptive Essay

Joseph Cusimano

• Born in Italy (1935)• Took the Advanced Painting course at the Ontario

College of Arts in the years 1961-62• motivated by the multiplicity of reality as perceived

by different people from different points in space• Considered a metaphysical surrealist artist

Surrealism

• affirmed the supremacy of the unconscious over the conscious

• preferred allegorical composition to the shallow imitation of nature

• avoid presenting or representing reality • put the emphasis on invention, creativity and surprise• presented kaleidoscopic multidimensional images • tapped into the hallucinatory power of the irrational and

every other possible source of metaphysical energy• many artists painted illogical scenes with strange

creatures from everyday objects

Max Ernst, L'Ange du Foyer ou le Triomphe du Surréalisme (1937), private collection.

Yves Tanguy Indefinite Divisibility 1942, Albright Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo, New York

Joseph Cusimano - Works

Artist's Interpretation:We all wear social masks. The magic character of this transformation which allows us to become "something else" often creates ambiguity and equivocation.

The metamorphosis of appearance cannot be sustained infinitely even if one is "what-one-would-like-to-be".

It is in surrendering our masks at a point in the infinite stretch of Time, that we regain our inner humanity and spirituality (bird)

Joseph Cusimano - Works

Artist's Interpretation:Tribute to Ground Zero (New York).The Cypress, symbolizing mortality and eternity, rises above a green valley (hope) where will be staged the rites of Spring (regeneration); separating the material world (solid cubes) from the spiritual one (open cube), it seems to question the integrity of the Western civilization.The juxtaposition of the objects creates the illusion of a Crucifixion (suffering), a metaphysical prelude to Resurrection (salvation - rising Cypress with all his roots). Everywhere mankind stood horrified, frightened and angry (hill on the left).

Those who unwillingly gave up their earthly lives in the midst of contradiction and ambivalences, vanished into the clouds floating between heaven and earth; those who escaped (running figures) will always remember the two airplanes (birds) and the cruel reality of change, decay and death (stone-skull). In the enigma of time, what has fallen will rise again.

Cusimano - Works

Complete Analysis of Peer Review Sample

Objects Symbolism?

Frame

Rose

Stem and leaves

Boat

Sea

Sky

Mountains

Essay Writer’s Interpretation: This message can be interpreted as a happy moment preceding a sad one.Is this supported by objects/colors in painting?

Sample - Introduction

Sample Introduction- Thesis“A concealed message is a message that can be seen behind a painting. This message can be interpreted as a happy moment preceding a sad one….After facing the problems and the bad moments, man can stand up again on his feet and perceive ideas that he couldn’t have done before”

Essay - Analysis

THESIS of essay?

The author feels the message of the painting is a happy moment preceding a sad one. The moral he derives is this: After facing the problems and the bad moments, man can stand up again on his feet and perceive ideas that he couldn’t have done before.Do you see details in painting that support this thesis? If so, which ones?

Essay - Analysis

Sense Identify sentences or phrases where the author used descriptions for the senses. If missing, write “missing”

Touch Taste Sight (colors, objects figures)

Sound Smell

Sample – Sensory Details

Smell

Simile

Sight

Metaphor

Touch/Feel

Personification

Essay - Analysis

Sense Identify sentences or phrases where the author used descriptions for the senses. If missing, write “missing”

Touch

Light - warm rays (of light) touch and stroke soft the body skin.Sea Cold sea water

Taste

?

Sight (colors, objects figures)

Rose = passionate red, Leaves and stem - has two leaves and there don’t seem to be any thorns. The stem and the leaves have a green colorShape and Material of Painting: Acrylic on canvas, rectangular shape, sides of frame have same length color of main frame (dark brown) and inside frame (dark yellow mixed with light brown and highlights of orange) Sea Calm seaMainland consist of iced blue and contours of beige and grey.Background of Painting - successful exchanging of colors and shadings. At first it begins with a sky-blue tone and the color becomes progressively lighter until it ends above the horizontal line as a pale white

Sound

Rose - sound from the rose is a small gentle cry - as if somebody tried to root out its heartAir – full of spring and blossoming scents

Smell

Rose - If somebody could smell its perfume, a special scent will activate every single nerve in his or her nasal area. The scent would be sweet and pleasing

Essay - Analysis

Type of Figurative Language

Find examples of the following in the sample essay. If missing, write “missing”

SimileMetaphorPersonification

Sample – Sensory Details

Smell“a special scent”

Simile“it seems like a sad queen”

Sight

Personification“the rose is bleeding inside”

Essay - Analysis

Type of Figurative Language

Find examples of the following in the sample essay. If missing, write “missing”

Simile lonely rose seems like a sad queenMetaphor The rose is fragile beauty itself.Personification Flower “has a melancholic look”, “its breath is fast and crying” it

“seems like it wants to protect itself from something” “its feelings are pessimistic”; rose seems to be harmless and wounded Boat - doesn’t seem to have any worries or concerns about anything, is not in a hurry

Sample - Conclusion

Reveal – Where did this Sample Come From?

Now, Time To Peer Review Your Own Descriptive Essays

Pass out Peer Review RubricGo over Criteria of Peer Review Rubric

Three Types of Comments

- Vague Comments

- General, but Useful Comments

- Specific, Directive Comments

In order to make effective comments on a peer review, you want to make SPECIFIC, DIRECTIVE comments.

Most Effective

Least Effective

Source: A Presentation by Erin Trauth, Angela Tartaglia, Richard Ellman, Melissa Jones, and Andrea Dennin for the University of South Florida FYC Program

Vague Comments:

Comments that are full of generalities, providing little or no specific direction for revision and/or comments that simply praise or disagree with the writing

Example:“Try to revise the whole second page” or “I liked it” or “I do not

really like this part”

Think about it: what do comments like this really tell a person about their paper that will help them REVISE?

Nothing.


General, but Useful CommentsComments that are too general but may provide some direction for revision

Example: “I don’t like your introduction. Maybe describe the topic of public writing better.”

A general, but useful comment is slightly better than a vague comment because it narrows what works (or does not work) to a specific area of the paper, as well as offering a specific suggestion. We can take this a step further, however, by providing a specific, directive comment.


A Specific, Directive Comment

Comments that not only point out a specific problem area of the paper, but also offer the writer a reason why the change is needed and a specific direction for revision.

Example: “I do not think the introduction fully describes the topic of public writing in a way all readers will understand, which is necessary if you are going to fully analyze the topic in the next few paragraphs . Maybe you could use a quote that really defines public writing from a source, or you could expand on your first two sentences (which I have underlined in your paper).”

Note that this comment points out a specific spot for improvement (the introduction) and states what

exactly is wrong with it

Note that this comment tells the writer why the change is needed


Peer Assignments

Peer Peer

Marquis DelaineAntonio Parkinson

Martin Mejia Piovesan

Julian Scott Angelol Dorcena

Angie Grunskyte Nicholas Ronan

Daniel Herrera Nicole Mackey

Greggory Madaffari Sanquanita Jones

Erica Harold Dia Sheema Shelton

Isabel Torres Ryan Grimes

Devon Unterbrink Andrew Tyler

Lindsie Landrigan Jose Mejia Piovesan

Jaime Williams Donnie Vest

Krystin Watkins Ke Xu

Daniel Boyd Alan Zamudio

Definition Essay

Definition Essay Explained

• The definition essay explains the meaning of a word or a concept or a term. The purpose of the definition essay is to help the reader understand the meaning of an unfamiliar term or clarify the meaning of an abstract or vague term.

Examples: A definition essay may try and define . . . • the meaning of an abstract concept, like love; • the true meaning and importance of honesty; • how the meaning of family goes deeper than just your

blood relatives.

A Definition Essay

A Definition Essay

A definition essay attempts to define a specific term. • tries to pin down the meaning of a specific word, or define an abstract

concept. • goes deeper than a simple dictionary definition

Examples in 75 Readings Plus• “What is Poverty?”

• “The Green-Eyed Monster: Envy is Nothing to Be Jealous Of”

• “The Company Man”

Assignment

• You will be doing an extended definition essay on the meaning of the word “courage”, using examples from your own research on the term, your own life, and the dictionary.

Definition Essay

• Pass out Assignment Sheet• Go over criteria of assignment Sheet• Go over rubric• Pass out sample definition essay

Due Next Week

• Final draft of Essay #2: Descriptive Essay

Documents

10/01/14 Session Freshman Composition. What to Expect Today Turn in Response Essays Introduction: How to Effectively Integrate Quotations from Publications