1001 Week 4 Agenda

1001 Week 4 Agenda

• Clarification of Oct 11 session with Amanda Brooks

• Grading stuff… • From Media Literacy to Digital Literacy• Some highlights in Canada re digital literacy• Access Rainbow• SSRC report by Dailey et al• Digital policy literacy

From Media Literacy to Digital Literacy

• “Media literacy is the ability to access, analyze, evaluate, and produce communication in a variety of forms” (Aufderheide, 1993, U.S. National Leadership Conference on Media Literacy)

• 8 key concepts of media literacy (John Pungente, Jesuit Communication Project for the Ontario Ministry of Education)

John Pungente of the Jesuit Communication Project for the Ontario Ministry of Education

• 1—All media are constructions. Media literacy works to deconstruct these constructions.

• 2—The media construct reality. Many of our personal understandings of the world emanate from pre-constructed media messages.

• 3—Audiences negotiate meaning in the media. Our individual context determines our responses to media messages.

• 4—Media have commercial implications. Understanding the political economics of ownership and control is essential to understanding how media is constructed.5—Media contain ideological and value messages. Social, cultural, and political values are embedded in the media we consume.

• 6—Media have social and political implications. The media can influence social and political change.

• 7—Form and content are closely related to the media. Different platforms for media delivery can deliver diverse interpretations of media events.

• 8—Each medium has a unique aesthetic form. These forms can inform, educate or misinform or annoy us. (Pungente 1989)

Sora Parks (2012) Device Literacy Content Literacy

Access Device Ownership, access to service

Ability to search, find, filter, relevant content

Understand Understand basic nature of technology & how to operate at functional level

Ability to understand & critically analyze content

Create Ability to produce, reproduce, & create content using digital technology

Ability to form opinions, ideas & convert into digital content. Knowledge of social impact, cyber-etiquette & ethics

The Digital Turn

• …reconsideration and attention to media literacy by regulators & groups in US, Canada

• digital literacy = to address internet risks and media harms

• to encourage individual responsibility • to promote industry cooperation; self or co-

regulation • teach young people how to be good online

consumers…

Digital Citizenship

• read/write/create culture • active participation • rights and responsibilities • ethical behavior • often deterministic re the ‘digital native’,

‘digital generation’

LAYER DESCRIPTION ESSENTIAL ASPECTS

GAPS KEY POLICY QUESTIONS

1. Carriage

The facilities that store, serve, or carry information

The internet is most prominent of digital information infrastructures, with previous analogue devices being converted to digital. Mobiles and WiFi devices are increasingly pervasive.

Telephone (affordable, single-party service, digital dial tone, ADSL, ISDN, phone number portability) Cable with modem

Internet connection locally Mobile phones.

Low income Rural/remote (e.g, “high cost areas”)

New support mechanisms to supplement/ replace internal cross subsidization?--Are penetration rates a suitable measure of access?--How can one ensure inter-operability of networks?--What is minimal ‘essential bandwidth’? --Availability public spectrum?



2. Devices

The actual physical devices that people operate.

Contrary to the general trend of ‘convergence’ seen in carriage media, digital and wireless convergence create a widening mix of capabilities, prices, and sizes.

Workstations

Net PCs

Public kiosks Universal design features

Low-income

Disabled Handicapped Rural

Are the devices affordable?

Are the devices interoperable with other devices and do they avoid rapid obsolescence?

Are they easy to use, especially for people with disabilities?

Are the ICTs close at hand to where people need them?



3. Software Tools

The programs that operate the devices and make connections to services.

Software is the critical ingredient that extends ICTs. These tools, undergoing rapid development and convergence, are increasingly embedded in a growing range of devices.

Web browser E-mailerAuthoring tool Encryption and other privacy enablers

Disabled Non-English speakersLow income

Are major software tools easy for everyone to learn and use?

Are they affordable and interoperable? Privacy enabling?

Available in languages other than English?



4. Content/Services

The actual information and communication services citizens find useful.

The central role of ICTs is to facilitate access to a wide range of ICT services that citizens find valuable in their daily lives as producers, consumers, and caregivers.

Electronic mail

World Wide Web Content (search engines, weather, job banks, government information, civic/local events, blogs, video, entertainment). --E-commerce. --Integration with mobile devices. --Social media.

Low-income Non-English speakers Disabled Children/elderly Cultural and visible minorities

Are content & services: reliable, usable, diverse ,secure, privacy-enhancing, individually filterable, censorship –free?Accessible for peoples with physical and cognitive disabilities? IP rights w/ UGC?Adhere to privacy practices, e.g., PIPEDA?



5. ServiceProviders

Organizations that provide network services and access to users. .

Most users gain access through employers, educational institutions that provide access services Individual subscribers need affordable, ongoing relations with network service organizations. WiFi in public spaces.Municipal WiFi ventures.

Local public access points such as, libraries, schools, hospitals, daycares, post offices, and community centres. Affordable.

Unemployed Low-income Rural/remote Ethnic/linguistic minorities New ‘Wi-Fi Divides’ of those that don’t own a laptop.

How to sustain public/nonprofit institution? How do they participate in governance? Are providers responsible for the content that goes over their pipes? Do providers adhere to net neutrality provisions?



6. Literacy/Social Facilitation The skills citizens need to take full advantage of ICTs, together with the learning facilitation and resources to acquire these skills.

ICTs are complex and rapidly changing… requiring skills to use effectively… Acquiring skills --formal and informal methods within the context of supportive learning environments.

Basic literacy, numeracy,media savvy

Computer literacy (keyboarding, web navigation

“Local experts” in workplace, home, or neighbourhood

Unemployed Lower-income Non-English speakers Cultural and visible minorities Women Socially isolated

How to fund training & education? What is the role of local community organizations in providing training & support? How can indigenous and local content be created that is meaningful for communities?



7.GovernanceHow decisions are made concerning the design, development, operation, and policy of ICTs.

A central challenge is to foster democratic processes allowing all stakeholders to become informed of the issues and participate equitably in choosing amongst alternatives.

--Public consultation process--Citizen education--Research & social impact assessment--Creation of new institutions (e.g.,National and Regional Access Councils)--Conception of the electronic commons

Almost everyone is left out except those with a large financial stake in the industry or those entrenched within government.

--How to involve public in decision-making? --How to inform decision-making through research? --What role for regulatory bodies? --What new institutions should be created? --How effective is multi-stakeholder policy?

ACCESS CONTENT PRIVACY IP/COPYRIGHTOwnership(ISPs, mobile phone carriers)

Commercial-ization & advertising in online spaces

Collection & retention of personal information by online sites/ search engines

Terms & conditions on online sites

Net neutrality, ‘traffic shaping’ debates, UBB

Acceptable Use Policies (AUP): online, schools/universities

Third party marketing; data mining, surveillance in SNS

Peer2Peer file-sharing, downloading politics, piracy discourse

Community & public access (libraries, schools)

Data retention Obligations of social media companies

Fair use/fair dealing

Cyber-cafes, other WiFi enabled spaces

Representation & diversity

Behavioral marketing

Digital rights management

Spectrum Management

Freedom of speech vs. censorship

Privacy policies Open source culture, Creative Commons

Gaps/dividesSocial inclusion

Authentication Mobile marketing Plagiarism

A Model of Digital Policy LiteracyPolicy Processes How is policy constituted? What policy issues matter?

Who are the various stakeholders in the policy process? What are structures of participation in policymaking? Activism: what are effectives mode of intervention to shape policy?

Political Economy

What are the socio-political relations surrounding the ownership, production, distribution & consumption of information and communication resources? How do these structures reinforce, challenge or influence social relations of class, gender and race?

Infrastructures How do technological affordances and design activate or inhibit online interactions? What is their impact on ownership of content? What is their impact on protection of personal privacy?

Documents

1001 Week 4 Agenda