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Table of Content I

How to use this doc

GMAT.............................................................................................................................1

LSAT..........................................................................................................................208

TEST 1.........................................................................................................................................208TEST 2.........................................................................................................................................22

TEST !.........................................................................................................................................2"

TEST ".........................................................................................................................................2#8

TEST $.........................................................................................................................................2%1

TEST #.........................................................................................................................................!1!

TEST .........................................................................................................................................!!$

TEST 8.........................................................................................................................................!$

TEST %.........................................................................................................................................!%TEST 10......................................................................................................................................."02

TEST 11......................................................................................................................................."2$

TEST 12.......................................................................................................................................""

TEST 1!......................................................................................................................................."#%

TEST 1"......................................................................................................................................."%2

TEST 1$.......................................................................................................................................$1"

TEST 1#.......................................................................................................................................$!

TEST 1.......................................................................................................................................$$%TEST 18.......................................................................................................................................$%

TEST 1%.......................................................................................................................................#00

TEST 20.......................................................................................................................................#22

TEST 21.......................................................................................................................................#""

TEST 22.......................................................................................................................................###

TEST 2!.......................................................................................................................................#88

TEST 2".......................................................................................................................................0%

TEST 2$.......................................................................................................................................!1TEST 2#.......................................................................................................................................$!

TEST 2......................................................................................................................................."

TEST 28.......................................................................................................................................%

TEST 2001.# ...............................................................................................................................818

TEST &ct 2001............................................................................................................................8"0

SECTI&' I..................................................................................................................................8"0

TEST &ct 2002............................................................................................................................8#2

A'S(E)S.................................................................................................................88"

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II Table of Content

GMAT.........................................................................................................................88"

LSAT..........................................................................................................................88

TEST 1.........................................................................................................................................88

TEST 2.........................................................................................................................................88

TEST !.........................................................................................................................................888

TEST ".........................................................................................................................................888

TEST $.........................................................................................................................................888

TEST #.........................................................................................................................................88%

TEST .........................................................................................................................................88%

TEST 8.........................................................................................................................................88%

TEST %.........................................................................................................................................8%0

TEST 10.......................................................................................................................................8%0

TEST 11.......................................................................................................................................8%0

TEST 12.......................................................................................................................................8%1

TEST 1!.......................................................................................................................................8%1

TEST 1".......................................................................................................................................8%1

TEST 1$.......................................................................................................................................8%2

TEST 1#.......................................................................................................................................8%2

TEST 1.......................................................................................................................................8%!

TEST 18.......................................................................................................................................8%!

TEST 1%.......................................................................................................................................8%!

TEST 20.......................................................................................................................................8%"

TEST 21.......................................................................................................................................8%"

TEST 22.......................................................................................................................................8%"

TEST 2!.......................................................................................................................................8%$

TEST 2".......................................................................................................................................8%$

TEST 2$.......................................................................................................................................8%$

TEST 2#.......................................................................................................................................8%#

TEST 2.......................................................................................................................................8%#

TEST 28.......................................................................................................................................8%#

TEST 2001.# ...............................................................................................................................8%

TEST 2001.10 .............................................................................................................................8%

TEST 2002.10 .............................................................................................................................8%

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GMAT * LSAT C) 1

How to find out answers for each question? Please see image

below:

GMAT

TEST A

Time ! minutes "! #uestions

1. M+. ,anec- I don/t beliee Steenson will win the election fo+ oe+no+. ew

ote+s a+e willin to elect a business3an with no 4olitical e54e+ience to such a

+es4onsible 4ublic office.

Ms. Siu6da- 7ou/+e w+on. The e54e+ience of +unnin a 3ao+ co+4o+ation is a

aluable 4+e4a+ation fo+ the tas- of +unnin a state oe+n3ent.

M. Siu6da-/s +es4onse shows that she has inte+4+eted M+. ,anec-/s +e3a+- to

i34l9 which of the followin:;A< M+. ,anec- conside+s Steenson un=ualified fo+ the office of oe+no+.

;>< 'o candidate without 4olitical e54e+ience has ee+ been elected oe+no+ of a

state.

;C< M+. ,anec- beliees that 4olitical leade+shi4 and business leade+shi4 a+e

closel9 analoous.

;?< A ca+ee+ s4ent in the 4u+suit of 4+ofit can be an i34edi3ent to one/s abilit9 to

+un a state oe+n3ent fai+l9.

;E< @ote+s ene+all9 oe+esti3ate the alue of 4olitical e54e+ience when selectin

a candidate.

2. (hich of the followin best co34letes the 4assae below:

&ne ta5+efo+3 4+o4osal that has ained inc+easin su44o+t in +ecent 9ea+s is the

flat ta5B which would i34ose a unifo+3 ta5 +ate on inco3es at ee+9 leel.

&44onents of the flat ta5 sa9 that a 4+o+essie ta5 s9ste3B which leies a hihe+

+ate of ta5es on hihe+inco3e ta54a9e+sB is fai+e+B 4lacin the +eate+ bu+den on

those bette+ able to bea+ it. Howee+B the 4+esent c+a69 =uilt of ta5 deductionsB

e5e34tionsB c+editsB and loo4holes benefits 4+i3a+il9 the hihinco3e ta54a9e+B

who is conse=uentl9 able to +educe his o+ he+ effectie ta5 +ateB often to a leelbelow that 4aid b9 the lowe+inco3e ta54a9e+. The+efo+eB


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;A< hihe+inco3e ta54a9e+s a+e li-el9 to lend thei+ su44o+t to the flatta5

4+o4osal now bein conside+ed b9 Con+ess

;>< a flatta5 s9ste3 that allowed no deductions o+ e5e34tions would

substantiall9 inc+ease actual oe+n3ent +eenues

;C< the lowe+inco3e ta54a9e+ 3iht well be 4enali6ed b9 the institution of a flat

ta5 s9ste3 in this count+9

;?< the 4+o+essie natu+e of ou+ 4+esent ta5 s9ste3 is 3o+e illuso+9 than +eal

;E< the flat ta5 would actuall9 be fai+e+ to the lowe+inco3e ta54a9e+ than an9

4+o+essie ta5 s9ste3 could be

!. As 4a+t of ou+ 4+o+a3 to halt the influ5 of illeal i33i+antsB the ad3inist+ation

is 4+o4osin the c+eation of a national identit9 ca+d. The ca+d would be aailable

onl9 to D.S. citi6ens and to +eiste+ed aliensB and all 4e+sons would be +e=ui+ed to

4+oduce the ca+d befo+e the9 could be ien a ob. &f cou+seB such a s9ste3 holdsthe 4otentialB howee+ slihtB fo+ the abuse of ciil libe+ties. The+efo+eB all

4e+sonal info+3ation athe+ed th+ouh this s9ste3 would be held st+ictl9

confidentialB to be +eleased onl9 b9 autho+i6ed 4e+sonnel unde+ a44+o4+iate

ci+cu3stances. Those who a+e in co34liance with D.S. laws would hae nothin

to fea+ f+o3 the identit9 ca+d s9ste3.

In ealuatin the aboe 4+o4osalB a 4e+son conce+ned about the 3isuse of

confidential info+3ation would be 3ost inte+ested in hain the autho+ cla+if9 the

3eanin of which of the followin 4h+ases:

;A< all 4e+sonsF ;line $< howee+ slihtF ;line .

If >B then C.

If CB then ?.

If all of the state3ents aboe a+e t+ueB which of the followin 3ust also be t+ue:

;A< If ?B then A.

;>< If not >B then not C.

;C< If not ?B then not A.

;?< If ?B then E.

;E< If not AB then not ?.

8. ?ea+ A44licant

Than- 9ou fo+ 9ou+ a44lication. Dnfo+tunatel9B we a+e unable to offe+ 9ou a

4osition in ou+ local oe+n3ent office fo+ the su33e+. As 9ou -nowB fundin fo+su33e+ obs is li3itedB and it is i34ossible fo+ us to offe+ obs to all those who

want the3. Conse=uentl9B we a+e fo+ced to +eect 3an9 hihl9 =ualified

a44licants.

(hich of the followin can be infe++ed f+o3 the lette+:

;A< The nu3be+ of a44licants fo+ su33e+ obs in the oe+n3ent office e5ceeded

the nu3be+ of su33e+ obs aailable.

;>< The a44licant who +eceied the lette+ was conside+ed hihl9 =ualified.

;C< @e+9 little fundin was aailable fo+ su33e+ obs in the oe+n3ent office.

;?< The a44lication of the 4e+son who +eceied the lette+ was conside+ed

ca+efull9 befo+e bein +eected.

;E< Most of those who a44lied fo+ su33e+ obs we+e conside+ed =ualified fo+ the

aailable 4ositions.

%. Studies of fatal auto3obile accidents +eeal thatB in the 3ao+it9 of cases in which

one occu4ant of an auto3obile is -illed while anothe+ su+iesB it is the

4assene+B not the d+ie+B who is -illed. It is i+onic that the innocent 4assene+

should suffe+ fo+ the d+ie+/s ca+elessnessB while the d+ie+ often suffe+s onl9

3ino+ inu+ies o+ none at all.

(hich of the followin is an assu34tion unde+l9in the +easonin in the 4assae

aboe:

;A< In 3ost fatal auto3obile accidentsB the d+ie+ of a ca+ in which an occu4ant is

-illed is at fault.

;>< ?+ie+s of auto3obiles a+e +a+el9 -illed in auto accidents.

;C< Most deaths in fatal auto3obile accidents a+e suffe+ed b9 occu4ants of ca+s

+athe+ than b9 4edest+ians.

;?< Auto safet9 e54e+ts should inc+ease thei+ effo+ts to 4+oide 4+otection fo+

those in the 4assene+ seats of auto3obiles.


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;E< Auto3obile 4assene+s so3eti3es 4la9 a cont+ibutin +ole in causin auto

accidents.

Questions 10-11 are based on the following

As one who has alwa9s belieed that t+uth is ou+ nation/s su+est wea4on in the4+o4aanda wa+ aainst ou+ foesB I a3 dist+essed b9 +e4o+ts of disinfo+3ationF

ca34ains b9 A3e+ican intellience aents in (este+n Eu+o4e. In a disinfo+3ation

ca34ainB unt+uths a+e disse3inated th+ouh ullible local ou+nalists in o+de+ to

da3ae the inte+ests of ou+ ene3ies and 4+otect ou+ own. Those who defend this

4+actice sa9 that l9in is necessa+9 to counte+ Soiet disinfo+3ation ca34ains ai3ed

at da3ain A3e+ica/s 4olitical inte+ests. These a4oloists contend that one 3ust

fiht fi+e with fi+e. I would 4oint out to the a4oloists that the fi+e de4a+t3ent finds

wate+ 3o+e effectie.

10. The autho+ of the 4assae aboe bases his conclusion on which of the followin:;A< A ci+cula+ definition of disinfo+3ationF

;>< An e5a34le of the ineffectieness of l9in as a wea4on in the 4+o4aanda wa+

;C< An analo9 between t+uth and wate+

;?< An a44eal to the autho+it9 of the fi+e de4a+t3ent

;E< An attac- on the cha+acte+ of A3e+ican intellience aents in (este+n Eu+o4e

11. The autho+/s 3ain 4oint is that

;A< althouh disinfo+3ation ca34ains 3a9 be effectieB the9 a+e unacce4table

on ethical +ounds

;>< A3e+ica/s 3o+al standin in the wo+ld de4ends on its adhe+ence to the t+uth

;C< the te34o+a+9 4olitical ains 4+oduced b9 disinfo+3ation ca34ains

ene+all9 ie wa9 to lonte+3 losses

;?< Soiet disinfo+3ation ca34ains hae done little to da3ae A3e+ica/s

standin in Eu+o4e

;E< disinfo+3ation ca34ains do not effectiel9 se+e the 4olitical inte+ests of the

Dnited States

12. A+e 9ou still +eadin the othe+ news4a4e+ in town: ?id 9ou -now that theDailyBugleis owned b9 an outoftown business s9ndicate that couldn/t ca+e less about

the 4eo4le of Gotha3 Cit9: )ead theDaily ClarionB the onl9 realoice of the

4eo4le of Gotha3 Cit9J

(hich of the followin 3ost di+ectl9 +efutes the a+u3ent +aised in the

ade+tise3ent aboe:

;A< &e+ half of the ade+tisin +eenues of theDaily Clarionco3e f+o3 fi+3s

whose head=ua+te+s a+e located outside of Gotha3 Cit9.

;>< TheDaily Clarionusuall9 deotes 3o+e of its 4aes to outoftown news than

does theDaily Bugle.


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;C< 'ea+l9 "0 4e+cent of the +eade+s of theDaily Clarion+eside outside the li3its

of Gotha3 Cit9.

;?< The edito+inchief and all the othe+ 3e3be+s of the edito+ial staff of the

Daily Buglehae lied and wo+-ed in Gotha3 Cit9 fo+ ten 9ea+s o+ 3o+e.

;E< TheDaily Buglehas been 4ublished in Gotha3 Cit9 fo+ a lone+ ti3e than

has theDaily Clarion.

Questions 13-14 are based on the following.

The ea+th/s +esou+ces a+e bein de4leted 3uch too fast. To co++ect thisB the Dnited

States 3ust -ee4 its +esou+ce consu34tion at 4+esent leels fo+ 3an9 9ea+s to co3e.

1!. The a+u3ent aboe de4ends on which of the followin assu34tions:

;A< e+ ca4ita +esou+ce consu34tion in the Dnited States is at an allti3e hih.

;>< The Dnited States wastes +esou+ces.;C< The Dnited States uses 3o+e +esou+ces than an9 othe+ count+9.

;?< The Dnited States i34o+ts 3ost of the +esou+ces it uses.

;E< Cu+bin D.S. +esou+ce consu34tion will sinificantl9 +eta+d wo+ld +esou+ce

de4letion.

1". (hich of the followinB if t+ueB would 3ost st+enthen the a+u3ent aboe:

;A< 'ew +esou+ce de4osits a+e constantl9 bein discoe+ed.

;>< The Dnited States consu3es onethi+d of all +esou+ces used in the wo+ld.

;C< &the+ count+ies need econo3ic deelo43ent 3o+e than the Dnited Statesdoes.

;?< &the+ count+ies hae a+eed to hold thei+ +esou+ce consu34tion at 4+esent

leels.

;E< The Dnited States has been conse+in +esou+ces fo+ see+al 9ea+s.

1$. Alba I don/t intend to ote fo+ Senato+ +an- in the ne5t election. She is not a

st+on su44o+te+ of the wa+ aainst c+i3e.

Ta3 >ut Senato+ +an- s4onso+ed the latest antic+i3e law 4assed b9 the Senate.

Alba If Senato+ +an- s4onso+ed itB it can/t be a e+9 st+on antic+i3e law.(hich of the followin identifies the 3ost se+ious loical flaw in Alba/s

+easonin:

;A< The facts she 4+esents do not su44o+t he+ conclusion that Senato+ +an- is soft

on c+i3e.

;>< She assu3es without 4+oof that c+i3e is the 3ost i34o+tant issue in the

u4co3in election.

;C< She a+ues in a ci+cleB usin an unsu44o+ted asse+tion to dis3iss conflictin

eidence.

;?< She attac-s Senato+ +an- on 4e+sonal +ounds +athe+ than on he 3e+it as a


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GMAT * LSAT C)

4olitical leade+.

;E< In decidin not to ote fo+ Senato+ +an-B she fails to conside+ issues othe+

than c+i3e.

1#. (hich of the followin best co34letes the 4assae below:the 3ost se+ious flaw in teleision/s coe+ae of election ca34ains is its

tendenc9 to focus on the ho+se+ace side of 4oliticsKthat isB to concent+ate on the

=uestion (ho/s winnin:F at the e54ense of substantie coe+ae of the issues

and the candidates/ 4ositions on the3. The endless inte+iews with ca34ain

3anae+sB discussions of ca34ain st+ateiesB andB es4eciall9B the obsession with

o4inion 4olls hae su++ounded elections with the at3os4he+e of a football a3e

o+ a 4+i6efiht. To +efo+3 this situationB a fi+st ste4 3iht well be

;A< a sho+tenin of the lenth of election ca34ains to a 4e+iod of si5 wee-s

;>< a st+inent li3it on ca34ain s4endin;C< a +eduction in the teleision coe+ae of o4inion 4olls du+in election

ca34ains

;?< the 4ublication and dist+ibution of ote+education lite+atu+e to info+3 the

4ublic about each candidate/s 4osition on the 3ao+ issues

;E< a li3it on the lenth and nu3be+ of 4olitical ade+tise3ents b+oadcast on

teleision

1. (ith +o4osition 1!B if 9ou bouht 9ou+ house 11 9ea+s ao fo+ $B000B 9ou+

4+o4e+t9 ta5 would be a44+o5i3atel9 %1" a 9ea+ ;1 4e+cent of $B000 inc+eased

b9 2 4e+cent each 9ea+ fo+ 11 9ea+s

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co34an9B this new 4lastic can be used fo+B a3on othe+ thinsB the hulls of s3all

sailboats. >ut what does the co34an9 thin- sailboat hulls used to be 3ade of: Su+el9

the 3ania fo+ hih technolo9 can sca+cel9 o fu+the+ than this.

18. The autho+/s o4inion of the 3anufactu+in 4+ocess desc+ibed in the 4assae is

based 4+i3a+il9 on the fact that

;A< 4lastic is unli-el9 to be du+able enouh fo+ hih=ualit9 sailboat hulls

;>< the +esea+ch costs of deelo4in the 4+ocess outweih an9 sains 4ossible

f+o3 the use of the 4lastic

;C< a s3all sailboat is not no+3all9 +ea+ded as a hihtech 4+oduct

;?< hulls fo+ s3all sailboats can be 3ade f+o3 wood without cone+tin it into

4lastic

;E< 3an9 othe+ s4he+es of hu3an actiit9 a+e in fa+ +eate+ need of technoloical

+esea+ch

1%. (hich of the followinB if t+ueB would 3ost se+iousl9 wea-en the autho+/s

conclusion:

;A< The 4lastic 4+oduced b9 the 4+ocess is conside+abl9 lihte+B st+one+B and

3o+e wate+tiht than wood.

;>< The wood used in 4+oducin the 4lastic is itself in inc+easinl9 sho+t su44l9.

;C< The cost of the 3anufactu+in 4+ocess of the 4lastic inc+eases the cost of

4+oducin a sailboat hull b9 10 to 1$ 4e+cent.

;?< Much of the cost of the +esea+ch that deelo4ed the new 4+ocess will bew+itten off fo+ ta5 4u+4oses b9 the che3ical co34an9.

;E< The deelo43ent of the new 4lastic is e54ected to hel4 3a-e the che3ical

co34an9 an i34o+tant su44lie+ of boatbuildin 3ate+ials.

20. A 9oun 3an eae+ to beco3e a 3aste+ swo+ds3an ou+ne9ed to the ho3e of the

+eatest teache+ of swo+ds3anshi4 in the -indo3. He as-ed the teache+B How

=uic-l9 can 9ou teach 3e to be a 3aste+ swo+ds3an:F The old teache+ +e4liedB It

will ta-e ten 9ea+s.F DnsatisfiedB the 9oun 3an as-edB (hat if I a3 willin to

wo+- niht and da9B ee+9 da9 of the 9ea+:F the teache+ +e4liedB In that caseB it

will ta-e twent9 9ea+s.FThe teache+/s 3ain 4oint is that an i34o+tant =ualit9 of a 3aste+ swo+ds3an is

;A< hu3ilit9

;>< willinness to wo+- ha+d

;C< +es4ect fo+ one/s elde+s

;?< 4atience

;E< dete+3ination

TEST >



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GMAT * LSAT C) %

1. >elow is an e5ce+4t f+o3 a lette+ that was sent b9 the chai+3an of a co+4o+ation

to the stoc-holde+s.

A nu3be+ of cha+es hae been +aised aainst 3eB so3e se+iousB so3e t+iial.

Indiiduals see-in to cont+ol the co+4o+ation fo+ thei+ own 4u+4oses hae

de3anded 39 +esination. )e3e3be+ that no cou+t of law in an9 state has found3e uilt9 of an9 c+i3inal offense whatsoee+. In the A3e+ican t+aditionB as 9ou

-nowB an indiidual is conside+ed innocent until 4+oen uilt9. u+the+3o+eB as

the co+4o+ation/s unb+o-en si59ea+ +eco+d of +owth will showB 39 conduct of

39 official duties as chai+3an has onl9 hel4ed enhance the success of the

co+4o+ationB and so benefited ee+9 stoc-holde+.

(hich of the followin can be 4+o4e+l9 infe++ed f+o3 the e5ce+4t:

;A< The chai+3an beliees that all those who hae de3anded his +esination a+e

3otiated b9 desi+e to cont+ol the co+4o+ation fo+ thei+ own 4u+4oses.

;>< An9 3isdeeds that the chai+3an 3a9 hae co33itted we+e 3otiated b9 his

desi+e to enhance the success of the co+4o+ation.

;C< The chai+3an is innocent of an9 c+i3inal offense.

;?< The co+4o+ation has e54anded steadil9 oe+ the 4ast si5 9ea+s.

;E< An9 leal 4+oceedins aainst the chai+3an hae +esulted in his ac=uittal.

2. In the 9ea+s since the cit9 of London i34osed st+ict ai+4ollution +eulations on

local indust+9B the nu3be+ of bi+d s4ecies seen in and a+ound London has

inc+eased d+a3aticall9. Si3ila+ ai+4ollution +ules should be i34osed in othe+

3ao+ cities.Each of the followin is an assu34tion 3ade in the a+u3ent aboe ECET

;A< In 3ost 3ao+ citiesB ai+4ollution 4+oble3s a+e caused al3ost enti+el9 b9

local indust+9.

;>< Ai+4ollution +eulations on indust+9 hae a sinificant i34act on the =ualit9

of the ai+.

;C< The ai+4ollution 4+oble3s of othe+ 3ao+ cities a+e basicall9 si3ila+ to those

once suffe+ed b9 London.

;?< An inc+ease in the nu3be+ of bi+d s4ecies in and a+ound a cit9 is desi+able.

;E< The inc+eased sihtins of bi+d s4ecies in and a+ound London +eflect an actual

inc+ease in the nu3be+ of s4ecies in the a+ea.

!. (hich of the followin best co34letes the 4assae below:

In o44osin oe+n3ent +eulation of businessB conse+aties often a44eal to the

,effe+sonian ideal of li3ited oe+n3entB e54+essin the wish that oe+n3ent

would et off the bac-s of the A3e+ican 4eo4le.F 7etB 4a+ado5icall9B 3an9 of

these sa3e conse+aties add+ess =uestions of 4+iate 3o+alit9B such as those

dealin with se5ual behaio+B b9 callin fo+

;A< a +etu+n to the +est+ictie se5ual 3o+alit9 of the @icto+ian e+a


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;>< a st+enthenin of the +ole of the fa3il9 in settin 3o+al no+3s fo+ societ9

;C< a li3itation on the a3ount of se5uall9 4+oocatie 3ate+ial a44ea+in in

boo-sB 3otiesB and teleision shows

;?< +eate+ f+eedo3 fo+ indiiduals to choose thei+ own wa9 of handlin se5ual

issues

;E< an inc+eased oe+n3ental +ole in the +eulation and cont+ol of 4+iate se5ual

behaio+

Questions 4-5 are based on the following

In an e54e+i3entB two diffe+ent t94es of +eco+ded 3usic we+e 4la9ed fo+ neonates in

adacent nu+se+ies in a hos4ital. In nu+se+9 AB classical 3usic was 4la9ed in nu+se+9

>B +oc- 3usic was 4la9ed. Afte+ two wee-sB it was found that the babies in nu+se+9 A

c+ied lessB suffe+ed fewe+ 3ino+ ail3entsB and ained 3o+e weiht than did the babies

in nu+se+9 >.

". In ealuatin the alidit9 of the conclusion suested b9 the e54e+i3ent aboeB it

would be 3ost i34o+tant to -now which of the followin:

;A< The 3usical 4+efe+ences of the 4a+ents of the two +ou4s of newbo+ns

;>< (hethe+ the newbo+ns in both nu+se+ies we+e e=uall9 health9 and ha449 at

the sta+t of the e54e+i3ent

;C< (hethe+ loud +oc- 3usic can da3ae the hea+in of newbo+ns

;?< (hat the ae+ae weiht of the neonates was befo+e and afte+ the e54e+i3ent

;E< (hethe+ the 3usic was 4la9ed in the nu+se+ies at all ti3es o+ onl9 at ce+tainti3es

$. (hich of the followin additional e54e+i3ental data would su44o+t the

h94othesis that classical 3usic is beneficial to the deelo43ent of newbo+n:

;A< The neonates in a nu+se+9 whe+e no 3usic was 4la9ed fa+ed bette+ than those

in nu+se+9 >.

;>< 'u+se+9 A contained 1$ 4e+cent 3o+e 4+e3atu+e babies than nu+se+9 >.

;C< The newbo+ns in nu+se+9 A c+ied lessB suffe+ed fewe+ 3ino+ ail3entsB and

ained 3o+e weiht than did newbo+ns in a nu+se+9 with no 3usic.

;?< The 3usic 4la9ed in nu+se+9 A was loude+ than that 4la9ed in nu+se+9 >.

;E< The +atio of nu+ses to newbo+ns in nu+se+9 > was 1 to " in nu+se+9 AB it was 1

to #.

#. The ancient cit9 of Ce4hesa was not bu+ied b9 an e+u4tion of Mt. A3nos in A.?.

!10B as so3e beliee. The e+u4tion in the 9ea+ !10 da3aed the cit9B but it did not

dest+o9 it. Ce4hesa su+ied fo+ anothe+ centu+9 befo+e it finall9 3et its

dest+uction in anothe+ e+u4tion a+ound A.?. "1$.

(hich of the followinB if t+ueB would 3ost st+enthen the autho+/s clai3 that the

cit9 of Ce4hesa was not bu+ied b9 the e+u4tion of Mt. A3nos in A.?. !10:


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;A< The cit9 of Ce4hesa is 3entioned in a histo+ical wo+- -nown to hae been

w+itten in A.?. "00.

;>< Coins bea+in the i3ae of an e34e+o+ who lied a+ound A.?. "10 hae been

discoe+ed in the +uins of Ce4hesaB which we+e 4+ese+ed b9 the cinde+s and

ashes that bu+ied the cit9.

;C< Geoloical eidence shows that the e+u4tion of Mt. A3nos in A.?. "1$

de4osited a 10footthic- la9e+ of laa on the cit9 of Ce4hesa.

;?< A+two+-s f+o3 the cit9 of Ce4hesa hae been found in the +uins of anothe+

cit9 -nown to hae been dest+o9ed in A.?. "20.

;E< A histo+ical wo+- w+itten in A.?. "!0 +efe+s to the e+u4tion of Mt. A3nos in

A.?. "1$.

. ,une is talle+ than +istin.

Lett9 is talle+ than Ma+ia.Ma+ia is sho+te+ than 'anc9.

+istin and 'anc9 a+e e5actl9 the sa3e heiht.

If the info+3ation aboe is t+ueB which of the followin 3ust also be t+ue:

;A< Lett9 is talle+ than 'anc9.

;>< Lett9 is talle+ than ,une.

;C< +istin is sho+te+ than Lett9.

;?< ,une is talle+ than Ma+ia.

;E< +istin is sho+te+ than Ma+ia.

8. Cu++ent fa+3 4olic9 is institutionali6ed 4enali6ation of consu3e+s. It inc+eases

food 4+ices fo+ 3iddle and lowinco3e fa3ilies and costs the ta54a9e+ billions

of dolla+s a 9ea+.

(hich of the followin state3entsB if t+ueB would 4+oide su44o+t fo+ the autho+/s

clai3s aboe:

I. a+3 subsidies a3ount to +ouhl9 20 billion a 9ea+ in fede+al 4a9outs and

12 billion 3o+e in hihe+ food 4+ices.

II. Acco+din to a stud9 b9 the ?e4a+t3ent of A+icultu+eB each 1 of benefits

4+oided to fa+3e+s fo+ ethanol 4+oduction costs consu3e+s and ta54a9e+s

".

III. The ae+ae fullti3e fa+3e+s hae an ae+ae net wo+th of oe+ !00B000.

;A< I onl9

;>< II onl9

;C< III onl9

;?< I and II onl9

;E< IB IIB and III

%. )ea Dsin e5t+aneous incenties to et teenae+s to chane thei+ attitude towa+d


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school and schoolwo+- won/t wo+-. Ta-e the 4+o+a3 in (est @i+iniaB fo+

instanceB whe+e the9 t+ied to +educe thei+ d+o4out +ate b9 +eo-in the d+iin

licenses of -ids who left school. The 4+o+a3 failed 3ise+abl9.

Anne It/s t+ue that the (est @i+inia 4+o+a3 failedB but 3an9 schools hae

deised incentie 4+o+a3s that hae been e+9 successful in i34+oinattendance and +educin disci4line 4+oble3s.

Acco+din to AnneB the wea- 4oint in )ea/s clai3 is that it

;A< fails to conside+ the 4ossibilit9 that the 3ao+it9 of 4otential d+o4outs in (est

@i+inia do not hae d+iin licenses

;>< doesn/t 4+oide an9 e5act fiu+es fo+ the d+o4out +ate in (est @i+inia befo+e

and du+in the 4+o+a3

;C< ino+es a substantial bod9 of eidence showin that 4a+ents and e34lo9e+s

hae been usin e5t+insic incenties with 4ositie +esults fo+ 9ea+s

;?< assu3es that a 4ositie incentieKa 4+i6e o+ a +ewa+dKwill be no 3o+e

effectie than a neatie incentieB li-e the +eo-in of a d+iin license

;E< is based on a sinle e5a34leB the incentie 4+o+a3 in (est @i+iniaB which

3a9 not be t94ical

10. In 3an9 su+e9sB A3e+ican consu3e+s hae e54+essed a willinness to s4end u4

to 10 4e+cent 3o+e fo+ 4+oducts that a+e ecoloicall9 sound. Encou+aed b9 such

su+e9sB >leach& Co+4o+ation 4+o3oted a new laund+9 dete+entB >leach&

G+eenB as safe+ fo+ the eni+on3ent. >leach& G+een cost $ 4e+cent 3o+e than

t94ical dete+ents. Afte+ one 9ea+B >leach& G+een had failed to ca4tu+e asinificant sha+e of the dete+ent 3a+-et and was withd+awn f+o3 sale.

(hich of the followin =uestions is LEAST li-el9 to be +eleant in dete+3inin

the +easons fo+ the failu+e of >leach& G+een:

;A< How effectie as a dete+ent was >leach& G+een:

;>< How 3an9 othe+ dete+ents on the 3a+-et we+e 4+o3oted as safe fo+ the

eni+on3ent:

;C< How 3uch 3o+e did >leach& G+een cost to 3anufactu+e than o+dina+9

dete+ents:

;?< To what e5tent did consu3e+s acce4t the alidit9 of >leach& G+een

ade+tised and 4+o3oted to consu3e+s:

;E< How effectiel9 was >leach& G+een ade+tised and 4+o3oted to consu3e+s:

11. The bu+den of 3aintainin the D.S. hihwa9 s9ste3 falls dis4+o4o+tionatel9 on

the t+uc-in indust+9. T+uc-s +e4+esent onl9 about 10 4e+cent of the ehicles on

D.S. +oads. 7et +oad use ta5es assessed on t+uc-s a3ount to al3ost half the ta5es

4aid fo+ hihwa9 u4-ee4 and +e4ai+.

(hich of the followinB if t+ueB would 3ost wea-en the a+u3ent aboe:

;A< The t+uc-in indust+9 has eno9ed +eco+d afte+ta5 4+ofits in th+ee of the 4astfou+ 9ea+s.


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;>< >ecause of thei+ weihtB t+uc-s cause oe+ $0 4e+cent of the da3ae sustained

b9 hihwa9 su+faces each 9ea+.

;C< (ithout an econo3icall9 iable t+uc-in indust+9B the cost of oods in the

Dnited States would +ise sinificantl9.

;?< )oad use ta5es 4aid b9 t+uc-in co34anies hae dec+eased b9 ! 4e+cent oe+

the 4ast fie 9ea+s.

;E< ?ue to 9ea+s of nelectB D.S. hihwa9s toda9 a+e badl9 in need of 3ao+

+e4ai+s and +ebuildin.

12. The u4co3in 4+esidential election in the (est Af+ican +e4ublic of Ganelon is of

+ae conce+n to the D.S. State ?e4a+t3ent. Ganelon 4+esentl9 has st+on

4olitical and 3ilita+9 ties to the Dnited States. Howee+B the Socialist 4a+t9 is

widel9 e54ected to win the electionB leadin to fea+s that Ganelon will soon b+ea-

awa9 f+o3 the 4+oA3e+ican bloc and ado4t a nonalined o+ o4enl9 anti

A3e+ican stance.

(hich of the followin is an assu34tion 3ade in the 4assae aboe:

;A< A Socialist 4a+t9 oe+n3ent in Ganelon is 3o+e li-el9 to o44ose the Dnited

States than is a nonSocialist 4a+t9 oe+n3ent.

;>< The 4eo4le of the Dnited States +econi6e thei+ nation/s inte+est in the

4olitical stabilit9 of (est Af+ica.

;C< A wea-enin of D.S. 4olitical ties with Ganelon could hae se+ious

conse=uences fo+ D.S. +elations with othe+ Af+ican nations.

;?< The Socialist 4a+t9 leade+s in Ganelon beliee that thei+ nation/s inte+estswould best be se+ed b9 an alliance with antiA3e+ican fo+ces.

;E< The Socialist 4a+t9 will win the u4co3in election in Ganelon.

1!. 'o nation can lon su+ie unless its 4eo4le a+e united b9 a co33on tonue. o+

4+oofB we need onl9 conside+ CanadaB which is bein to+n asunde+ b9 conflicts

between +enchs4ea-in Nuebec and the othe+ 4+oincesB which a+e do3inated

b9 Enlish s4ea-e+s.

(hich of the followinB if t+ueB 3ost effectiel9 challenes the autho+/s

conclusion:

;A< Conflicts oe+ lanuae hae led to iolent clashes between the >as=ue

s4ea-in 3ino+it9 in S4ain and the S4anishs4ea-in 3ao+it9.

;>< +o4osals to decla+e Enlish the official lanuae of the Dnited States hae

3et with +esistance f+o3 3e3be+s of His4anic and othe+ 3ino+it9 +ou4s.

;C< Econo3ic and 4olitical diffe+encesB alon with linuistic onesB hae

cont+ibuted to the 4+oincial conflicts in Canada.

;?< The 4ublic of IndiaB in e5istence sine 1%"8B has a 4o4ulation that s4ea-s

hund+eds of diffe+entB thouh +elatedB lanuaes.

;E< Swit6e+land has su+ied fo+ nea+l9 a thousand 9ea+s as a ho3e fo+ s4ea-e+sof th+ee diffe+ent lanuaes.


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1". As an e54e+ienced labo+ o+ani6e+ and the fo+3e+ head of one of the nation/s

3ost 4owe+ful labo+ unionsB G+a9son is an e5cellent choice to chai+ the new

council on businesslabo+ +elations.

(hich of the followinB if t+ueB would 3ost st+enthen the conclusion aboe:

;A< The new council 3ust hae the su44o+t of the nation/s labo+ leade+s if it is to

succeed.

;>< ?u+in his 9ea+s as a labo+ leade+B G+a9son established a +eco+d of ood

+elations with business leade+s.

;C< The chai+ of the new council 3ust be a 4e+son who can co33unicate di+ectl9

with the leade+s of the nation/s la+est labo+ unions.

;?< Most of the othe+ 3e3be+s of the new council will be +e4+esentaties of

business 3anae3ent inte+ests.

;E< An unde+standin of the needs and 4+oble3s of labo+ is the onl9 =ualificationnecessa+9 fo+ the ob of chai+in the new council.

1$. In the effo+t to fi+e a Ciil Se+ice e34lo9eeB his o+ he+ 3anae+ 3a9 hae to

s4end u4 to 100B000 of ta5 3one9. Since Ciil Se+ice e34lo9ees -now how

ha+d it is to fi+e the3B the9 tend to loaf. This e54lains in la+e 4a+t wh9 the

oe+n3ent is so inefficient.

It can be 4+o4e+l9 infe++ed on the basis of the state3ents aboe that the autho+

beliees which of the followin:

I. Too 3uch ob secu+it9 can hae a neatie influence on wo+-e+s.

II. Mo+e oe+n3ent wo+-e+s should be fi+ed.

III. Most oe+n3ent wo+-e+s a+e Ciil Se+ice e34lo9ees.

;A< I onl9

;>< I and III onl9

;C< II onl9

;?< IB IIB and III

;E< III onl9

1#. So3e co33entato+s co34lain that a litiation e54losionF in the 4ast decade has

led to un+easonabl9 hih costs fo+ D.S. businesses b9 encou+ain 3o+e 4+oduct

liabilit9 suits aainst 3anufactu+e+s. Howee+B these co34laints a+e based 3ainl9

on 39th. Statistics show that the nu3be+ of successful 4+oduct liabilit9 suits has

+e3ained al3ost the sa3eB and the ae+ae su3 awa+ded in da3aes has +own

no faste+ than the inflation +ate.

(hich of the followinB if t+ueB would 3ost wea-en the a+u3ent aboe:

;A< The nu3be+ of unsuccessful suits has s-9+oc-etedB i34osin hue new leal

e54enses on businesses.

;>< See+al of the la+est awa+ds ee+ 3ade in 4+oduct liabilit9 cases occu++ed

within the last two 9ea+s.


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;C< The +ise of the consu3e+ 3oe3ent has encou+aed citi6ens to see- leal

+ed+ess fo+ 4+oduct flaws.

;?< Law9e+s often unde+ta-e 4+oduct liabilit9 cases on a continenc9 basisB so

thei+ 4a93ent is based on the si6e of the da3aes awa+ded.

;E< ,u+ies often awa+d da3aes in 4+oduct liabilit9 suits out of e3otional

s934ath9 fo+ an inu+ed consu3e+.

1. )onald Acco+din to 39 anal9sis of the national econo39B housin 4+ices should

not inc+ease du+in the ne5t si5 3onths unless inte+est +ates d+o4 sinificantl9.

Ma+- I disa+ee. &ne 9ea+ aoB when inte+est +ates last fell sinificantl9B housin

4+ices did not inc+ease at all.

It can be infe++ed f+o3 the cone+sation aboe that Ma+- has inte+4+eted )onald/s

state3ent to 3ean that

;A< housin 4+ices will +ise onl9 if inte+est +ates fall;>< if inte+est +ates fallB housin 4+ices 3ust +ise

;C< inte+est +ates and housin 4+ices tend to +ise and fall toethe+

;?< inte+est +ates a+e the onl9 sinificant econo3ic facto+ affectin housin 4+ices

;E< inte+est +ates a+e li-el9 to fall sinificantl9 in the ne5t si5 3onths

18. It/s ti3e we sto44ed sea+chin fo+ new statistics to suest that we a+e not

s4endin enouh on education. In factB education s4endin inc+eased !0 4e+cent

oe+all du+in the last decade.

(hich of the followinB if t+ueB would 3ost wea-en the a+u3ent aboe:;A< ?es4ite inc+eased s4endin on educationB en+oll3ent in ou+ ele3enta+9 and

seconda+9 schools declined about " 4e+cent du+in the last ten 9ea+s.

;>< &u+ s4endin on asoline inc+eased 3o+e than 100 4e+cent du+in the last

decade.

;C< (hen adusted fo+ inflationB ou+ 4e+4u4il e54enditu+e on education this 9ea+

is less than it was ten 9ea+s ao.

;?< Eleen othe+ econo3icall9 deelo4ed nations s4end 3o+e on education than

we do.

;E< The achiee3ent leels of ou+ students hae been declinin steadil9 since

1%#0B and the last decade 4+oduced no +ee+sal in this t+end.

1%. The D.S. census is not 4e+fect thousands of A3e+icans 4+obabl9 o uncounted.

Howee+B the basic statistical 4o+t+ait of the nation 4ainted b9 the census is

accu+ate. Ce+tainl9 so3e of the 4oo+ o uncountedB 4a+ticula+l9 the ho3eless but

so3e of the +ich o uncounted as wellB because the9 a+e often ab+oad o+ t+aelin

between one +esidence and anothe+.

(hich of the followin is an assu34tion on which the a+u3ent aboe de4ends:

;A< >oth the +ich and the 4oo+ hae 4e+sonal and econo3ic +easons to aoidbein counted b9 the census.


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;>< All A3e+icans 3a9 +easonabl9 be classified as eithe+ 4oo+ o+ +ich.

;C< The 4e+centae of 4oo+ A3e+icans uncounted b9 the census is close to the

4e+centae of +ich A3e+icans uncounted.

;?< The nu3be+ of ho3eless A3e+icans is a44+o5i3atel9 e=ual to the nu3be+ of

+ich A3e+icans.

;E< The 4+i3a+9 4u+4ose of the census is to anal96e the econo3ic status of the

A3e+ican 4o4ulation.


In toda9/s 4lu+alistic societ9B te5tboo- 4ublishe+s find the3seles in an

inc+easinl9 unco3fo+table 4osition. Since the schools a+e +ea+ded as a

+e4osito+9 of societ9/s 3o+al and cultu+al aluesB each +ou4 within societ9

wishes to 4+eent an9 3ate+ial that offends its own alues f+o3 a44ea+in in

te5tboo-s. As a +esultB stance on an issue is ce+tain to +un afoul of one +ou4 o+anothe+. And since te5tboo- 4ublishe+s 3ust +el9 on co33unit9 oodwill to sell

thei+ boo-sB it is ineitable that

;A< fewe+ and fewe+ 4ublishe+s will be willin to ente+ the financiall9 unce+tain

te5tboo- indust+9

;>< the ethical and 3o+al content of te5tboo-s will beco3e inc+easinl9 neut+al

and bland

;C< 3o+e and 3o+e 4+essu+e +ou4s will a+ise that see- to influence the content of

te5tboo-s

;?< the oe+n3ent will be fo+ced to inte+ene in the inc+easinl9 +anco+ousdebate oe+ the content of te5tboo-s

;E< school boa+dsB teache+sB and 4+inci4als will find it nea+l9 i34ossible to choose

a3on the a+iet9 of te5tboo-s bein offe+ed

TEST C


Questions 1-! are based on the following.

(e hae hea+d a ood deal in +ecent 9ea+s about the declinin i34o+tance of the two

3ao+ 4olitical 4a+ties. It is the 3ass 3ediaB we a+e toldB that decide the outco3e ofelectionsB not the 4owe+ of the 4a+ties. >ut it is wo+th notin that no inde4endent o+

thi+d4a+t9 candidate has won an9 i34o+tant election in +ecent 9ea+sB and in the last

nationwide ca34ainB the two 3ao+ 4a+ties +aised and s4ent 3o+e 3one9 than ee+

befo+e in su44o+t of thei+ candidates and 4latfo+3s. It see3s clea+ that +e4o+ts of the

i33inent de3ise of the two4a+t9 s9ste3 a+e 4+e3atu+e at best.

1. (hich of the followin is an assu34tion 3ade in the a+u3ent aboe:

;A< The a3ount of 3one9 +aised and s4ent b9 a 4olitical 4a+t9 is one alid

c+ite+ion fo+ udin the influence of the 4a+t9.

;>< A sinificant inc+ease in the nu3be+ of thi+d4a+t9 candidates would be


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;E< The 4e+centae of child+en -nown to hae disci4line 4+oble3s 4+io+ to the

e54e+i3ent was +eate+ in the fi+st +ou4 than in the second +ou4.

". Mainline Ai+wa9s was bouht b9 its e34lo9ees si5 9ea+s ao. Th+ee 9ea+s aoB

Mainline hi+ed NualiCo Ade+tisin Aenc9 to handle its 4+o3otions and

ade+tisin diision. Toda9 Mainline/s 4+ofits a+e oe+ 20 4e+cent hihe+ than

the9 we+e fie 9ea+s ao and 10 4e+cent hihe+ than the9 we+e th+ee 9ea+s ao.

E34lo9ee owne+shi4 and a ood ade+tisin aenc9 hae co3bined to 3a-e

Mainline 3o+e 4+ofitable.

(hich of the followin best desc+ibes the wea- 4oint in the a+u3ent aboe:

;A< It fails to establish a causal connection between the chane in owne+shi4 at

Mainline Ai+wa9s and the hi+in of NualiCoB on the one handB and the +ise in

Mainline/s 4+ofitsB on the othe+.

;>< It 4+esents no eidence showin that e34lo9eeowned ai+lines a+e an9 3o+e

4+ofitable than othe+ ai+lines.

;C< It assu3es that the 4+ofits of Mainline Ai+wa9s will continue to +ise.

;?< It ies no e5act fiu+es fo+ the cu++ent 4+ofits of Mainline Ai+wa9s.

;E< It fails to e54lain how the 4+ofits of Mainline Ai+wa9s a+e calculated.

$. At 3an9 collees toda9B +eulations hae been i34osed that fo+bid the use in

s4eech o+ 4+int of lanuae that offendsF o+ insultsF the 3e3be+s of an9 +ou4B

es4eciall9 wo3en and +acialB ethnicB and +eliious 3ino+ities. Althouh these

+eulations a+e defended in the na3e of de3oc+ac9BF the9 +est+ict f+eedo3 of

s4eech and the 4+ess in a wa9 that o44oses the t+ue s4i+it of de3oc+ac9.

The a+u3ent aboe atte34ts to 4+oe its case 4+i3a+il9 b9

;A< i34unin the c+edentials of an o44onent

;>< 4+oidin e5a34les that su44o+t a theo+etical 4+inci4le

;C< ta-in adantae of inconsistencies in the definition of de3oc+ac9F

;?< +eealin a cont+adiction in an o44osin 4oint of iew

;E< a44ealin to the 4at+iotic feelins of its audience

#. In 1%80B a ?anish tenO+e coin 3inted in 1" was sold at auction fo+ 8B000.

Eleano+ >i5b9 owns anothe+ ?anish tenO+e coin 3inted in 1". (hen she 4uts

it on the 3a+-et ne5t wee-B it will fetch a 4+ice oe+ 18B000.

(hich of the followinB if t+ueB would 3ost wea-en the conclusion d+awn aboe:

;A< Since 1%80B the ae+ae 4+ice fo+ +a+e coins has inc+eased b9 oe+ 1$0

4e+cent.

;>< The+e a+e onl9 fou+ coins li-e the one in =uestion in the enti+e wo+ld.

;C< Since 1%80B the consu3e+ 4+ice inde5 has +isen b9 oe+ 1$0 4e+cent.

;?< In 1%8#B a 4+eiousl9 un-nown cache of one hund+ed coins ust li-e the one

in =uestion was found.


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;E< Thi+t9 4+o3inentB wealth9 coin collecto+s a+e e54ected to bid fo+ >i5b9/s

coin.

. Me+co has been in business lone+ than 'olen. IncB &lean Indust+ies was founded

9ea+s befo+e the otte+ Co34an9B and the otte+ Co34an9 was sta+ted 9ea+s afte+

the Nua+les Co+4o+ation. 'olenB Inc.B and the Nua+les Co+4o+ation we+e founded

in the sa3e 9ea+.


;A< &lean Indust+ies has been in business fo+ 3o+e 9ea+s than Me+co.

;>< &lean Indust+ies has been in business fo+ 3o+e 9ea+s than the Nua+les

Co+4o+ation.

;C< 'olenB Inc.B has not been in business fo+ as 3an9 9ea+s as &lean Indust+ies.

;?< Me+co has been in business fo+ 3o+e 9ea+s than the otte+ Co34an9.

;E< 'olenB Inc.B has not been in business fo+ as 3an9 9ea+s as the otte+Co34an9.


A 4+i3a+9 facto+ in 4e+4etuatin the low sala+ies of wo3en wo+-e+s has been

thei+ se+eation in the socalled 4in-colla+ occu4ationsB such as nu+sinB

teachinB lib+a+9 scienceB and sec+eta+ial wo+-. a+tl9 because these obs hae

t+aditionall9 been held b9 wo3enB thei+ sala+9 leels hae been de4+essedB andB

des4ite inc+eased atte34ts to unioni6e these wo+-e+s in +ecent 9ea+sB thei+ 4a9

continues to la. Mo+eoe+B althouh a la+e 4e+centae of wo3en than ee+

befo+e a+e now ente+in and +e3ainin in the ob 3a+-etB 3ost continue to

+aitate towa+d the 4in-colla+ fieldsB des4ite the lowe+ sala+ies. It see3s clea+B

the+efo+eB that if the ae+ae sala+ies of wo3en wo+-e+s a+e to a44+oach those of

3enB

;A< labo+ unions 3ust +edouble thei+ effo+ts to i34+oe the lot of wo+-in wo3en

;>< societ9/s 4e+ce4tion of 4in-colla+ obs as less i34o+tant and less de3andin

than othe+ obs 3ust be chaned

;C< 3o+e 3en 3ust be encou+aed to ente+ fields t+aditionall9 occu4ied b9

wo3en

;?< the nu3be+ of obs in the 4in-colla+ fields +elatie to the si6e of the wo+-

fo+ce as a whole 3ust be 3a+-edl9 inc+eased

;E< 3o+e wo3en 3ust ente+ occu4ations othe+ than those t+aditionall9 +ese+ed

fo+ the3

%. ?ete+3inin the authenticit9 of 4u+4o+ted 4+eColu3bian a+tifacts is nee+ eas9.

Ca+bon1" datin of these a+tifacts is often i34ossible due to conta3ination b9

+adioactie 4alladiu3 ;which occu+s natu+all9 in the soils of Cent+al and South

A3e+ica

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in a coa+seB +anula+ 3at+i5 that is shifted b9 3ao+ ea+th=ua-esB the9 often

e5hibit the uni=ue sc+atch 4atte+ns -nown asgridding. In additionB t+ue 4+e

Colu3bian a+tifacts show a da+-enin in su+face colo+ that is caused b9 centu+ies

of e54osu+e to the 3inute a3ounts of 3anesiu3 in the soil of the A3e+icas.

The c+ite+ia aboe would be LEAST useful in udin the authenticit9 of whichof the followin:

;A< An a5 head of blac- obsidianB unea+thed f+o3 a -itchen 3idden

;>< A 4otte+9 bowl with a +ed oche+ desinB found in the +uins of a te34le

;C< A set of old ea+ weihtsB o+na3ented with as4e+ 4endants

;?< A blac- feathe+ ca4e f+o3 a -in/s bu+ial ault

;E< A 3ulticolo+ed woen sash found nea+ the +aesite of a slae


+o3 ti3e to ti3eB the 4+ess indules in outbu+sts of indination oe+ the use of false

o+ 3isleadin info+3ation b9 the D.S. oe+n3ent in su44o+t of its 4olicies and

4+o+a3s. 'o one endo+ses needless dece4tion. >ut conside+ this histo+ical analo9. It

is -nown that Ch+isto4he+ Colu3busB on his fi+st o9ae to the 'ew (o+ldB

delibe+atel9 falsified the lo to show a sho+te+ sailin distance fo+ each da9 out than

the shi4s had actuall9 t+aeled. In this wa9B Colu3bus was able to conince his

s-e4tical sailo+s that the9 had not sailed 4ast the 4oint at which the9 e54ected to find

the sho+es of India. (ithout this dece4tionB Colu3bus/s sailo+s 3iht well hae

3utiniedB and the 'ew (o+ld 3iht nee+ hae been discoe+ed.

10. The autho+ of the 4assae aboe assu3es each of the followin ECET

;A< Goe+n3ent dece4tion of the 4+ess is often 3otiated b9 wo+th9 obecties.

;>< (ithout oe+n3ent dece4tionB 4o4ula+ su44o+t fo+ wo+thwhile oe+n3ent

4olicies and 4+o+a3s 3iht well fade.

;C< Attac-s on the oe+n3ent b9 the 4+ess a+e often 4oliticall9 3otiated.

;?< ?ece4tion fo+ dece4tion/s sa-e should not be condoned.

;E< A +eate+ ood 3a9 so3eti3es +e=ui+e acce4tance of a lesse+ eil.

11. (hich of the followin is the 3ain wea-ness of the histo+ical analo9 d+awn in

the 4assae aboe:

;A< The sailo+s in Colu3bus/s c+ew nee+ -new that the9 had been deceiedB

while oe+n3ent dece4tion is ene+all9 uncoe+ed b9 the 4+ess.

;>< A shi4/s lo is a +eco+d intended 3ainl9 fo+ use b9 the ca4tainB while 4+ess

+e4o+ts a+e ene+all9 disse3inated fo+ use b9 the 4ublic at la+e.

;C< The 3e3be+s of a shi4/s c+ew a+e selected b9 the ca4tain of the shi4B while

those who wo+- in the 4+ess a+e selfselected.

;?< The c+ew of a shi4 is +es4onsible fo+ the success of a o9aeB while the 4+ess

is not +es4onsible fo+ the use othe+s 3a-e of the factual info+3ation it4ublishes.


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;E< In a de3oc+ac9B the 4eo4le a+e e54ected to 4a+tici4ate in the nation/s 4olitical

decision 3a-inB while the 3e3be+s of a shi4/s c+ew a+e e54ected si34l9 to

obe9 the o+de+s of the ca4tain.


Mona+ch butte+fliesB whose ae+ae life s4an is nine 3onthsB 3i+ate f+o3 the

3idweste+n Dnited States to selected fo+ests outside Me5ico Cit9. It ta-es at least

th+ee ene+ations of 3ona+chs to 3a-e the ou+ne9B so the +eat+eat

+andchild+en who finall9 a++ie in the Me5ican fo+ests hae nee+ been the+e

befo+e. 7et the9 +etu+n to the sa3e t+ees thei+ fo+ebea+s left. Scientists theo+i6e

that 3ona+chsB li-e ho3in 4ieonsB 3a4 thei+ +outes acco+din to the ea+th/s

elect+o3anetic fields. As a fi+st ste4 in testin this theo+9B le4ido4te+ists 4lan to

install a lowoltae t+ans3itte+ inside one +oe of butte+fl9 t+eesF in the

Me5ican fo+ests. If the butte+flies a+e eithe+ es4eciall9 att+acted to the +oe with

the t+ans3itte+ o+ es4eciall9 +e4elled b9 itB le4ido4te+ists will hae eidencethat

;A< 3ona+ch butte+flies hae b+ainsB howee+ 3inuscule

;>< 3ona+ch butte+flies a+e sensitie to elect+icit9

;C< lowoltae elect+icit9 can affect butte+fliesB whethe+ 4ositiel9 o+ ade+sel9

;?< 3ona+chs 3a4 thei+ +outes acco+din to the ea+th/s elect+o3anetic fields

;E< 3ona+chs co33unicate in inte+ene+ationall9 ia elect+o3anetic fields

1!. In ene+alB a 4+ofessional athlete is offe+ed a 3illiondolla+ cont+act onl9 if he o+

she has ust co34leted an unusuall9 successful season. Howee+B a stud9 showsthat an athlete sinin such a cont+act usuall9 suffe+s a decline in 4e+fo+3ance the

followin season. This stud9 su44o+ts the theo+9 that a 3illiondolla+ cont+act

tends to wea-en an athlete/s desi+e to e5cel b9 di3inishin his o+ he+ econo3ic

incentie.

(hich of the followinB if t+ueB would 3ost st+enthen the conclusion d+awn

aboe:

;A< &n the ae+aeB athletes whose cont+acts call fo+ +elatiel9 s3all sala+ies with

4ossible bonuses fo+ outstandin achiee3ent 4e+fo+3 bette+ than othe+

athletes.;>< Athletes a+e ene+all9 offe+ed 3illiondolla+ cont+acts 3ainl9 because of the

inc+eased tic-et sales and othe+ +eenues the9 ene+ate.

;C< Man9 4+ofessional athletes hae ca+ee+s 3a+-ed b9 9ea+to9ea+ fluctuations

in thei+ oe+all leels of 4e+fo+3ance.

;?< &n the ae+aeB hihe+sala+ied athletes tend to hae lone+ and 3o+e

successful 4+ofessional ca+ee+s than do lowe+sala+ied athletes.

;E< Si5 of the ten leadin batte+s in the 'ational Leaue this season sined

3illiondolla+ cont+acts du+in the offseason.

1". ?+. A The new influen6a accine is useless at best and 4ossibl9 dane+ous. I


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would nee+ use it on a 4atient.

?+. > >ut th+ee studies 4ublished in the"ournal of #edi$al %sso$iateshae +ated

that accine as unusuall9 effectie.

?+. A The studies 3ust hae been fault9 because the accine is wo+thless.

In which of the followin is the +easonin 3ost si3ila+ to that of ?+. A:

;A< Th+ee of 39 4atients hae been ha+3ed b9 that accine du+in the 4ast th+ee

wee-sB so the accine is unsafe.

;>< ,e++old ,e+se9 +eco33ends this 3il-B and I don/t t+ust ,e++old ,e+se9B so I

won/t bu9 this 3il-.

;C< (in66 tennis balls 4e+fo+3 best because the9 a+e fa+ 3o+e effectie than an9

othe+ tennis balls.

;?< I/3 bu9in @i3 @ita3ins. ?octo+s +eco33end the3 3o+e often than the9

+eco33end an9 othe+ ita3insB so @i3 @ita3ins 3ust be ood.;E< Since Dnie+sit9 of Muldoon +aduates sco+e about 20 4e+cent hihe+ than

ae+ae on the GMATB Sheila LeeB a Dnie+sit9 of Muldoon +aduateB will

sco+e about 20 4e+cent hihe+ than ae+ae when she ta-es the GMAT.

1$. >ill S3o-edetectin fi+e ala+3s can sae lies. I beliee that ee+9 a4a+t3ent in

this cit9 should be +e=ui+ed b9 law to be e=ui44ed with a s3o-e detecto+.

,oe I disa+ee with 9ou+ 4+o4osal. S3o-e detecto+s a+e ust as i34o+tant fo+

safet9 in 4+iate houses as the9 a+e in a4a+t3ent.

+o3 this e5chaneB it can be infe++ed that ,oe has inte+4+eted >ill/s state3ent to

3ean that

;A< the cit9 should be +es4onsible fo+ 4+oidin s3o-e detecto+s fo+ a4a+t3ents

;>< +esidences outside the cit9 should not be e=ui44ed with s3o-e detecto+s

;C< onl9 a4a+t3ents should be e=ui44ed with s3o-e detecto+s

;?< the +is- of fi+e is not as +eat in 4+iate houses as it is in a4a+t3ents

;E< the +ate of death b9 fi+e is unusuall9 hih in the cit9 in =uestion

1#. In 1%8#B the cit9 of Los ?iablos had 20 da9s on which ai+ 4ollution +eached

unhealthful a3ounts and a s3o ale+t was 4ut into effect. In ea+l9 1%8B new ai+

4ollution cont+ol 3easu+es we+e enactedB but the cit9 had s3o ale+ts on !1 da9s

that 9ea+ and on !% da9s the followin 9ea+. In 1%8%B howee+B the nu3be+ of

s3o ale+ts in Los ?iablos d+o44ed to si5teen. The 3ain ai+ 4ollutants in Los

?iablos a+e o6one and ca+bon 3ono5ideB and since 1%8# the leels of both hae

been 3onito+ed b9 as s4ect+o+a4h9.

(hich of the followin state3entsB assu3in that each is t+ueB would be LEAST

hel4ful in e54lainin the ai+ 4ollution leels in Los ?iablos between 1%8# and

1%8%:

;A< The 1%8 ai+ 4ollution cont+ol 3easu+es enacted in Los ?iablos we+e 4ut into

effect in 'oe3be+ of 1%88.


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;>< In ?ece3be+ of 1%88 a new and fa+ 3o+e accu+ate as s4ect+o3ete+ was

inented.

;C< In eb+ua+9 of 1%8%B the ollution Cont+ol >oa+d of Los ?iablos +eised the

scale used to dete+3ine the a3ount of ai+ 4ollution conside+ed unhealthful.

;?< In 1%88 the 3a9o+ of Los ?iablos was found to hae acce4ted la+e ca34ain

donations f+o3 local indust+ies and to hae e5e34ted those sa3e indust+ies

f+o3 ai+ 4ollution cont+ol 3easu+es.

;E< E5cess o6one and ca+bon 3ono5ide +e=ui+e a 3ini3u3 of two 9ea+s to b+ea-

down natu+all9 in the at3os4he+e aboe a ien a+ea.

1. In a 3a+-etin stud9B consu3e+s we+e ien two unlabeled ca+tons of laund+9

dete+ent. &ne ca+ton was b+iht +een and 9ellow the othe+ was d+ab b+own and

+a9. Afte+ usin the dete+ent in the two ca+tons fo+ one 3onthB 8! 4e+cent of the

consu3e+s in the stud9 +e4o+ted that the dete+ent in the b+iht +een and 9ellow

ca+ton cleaned bette+. This stud9 shows that 4ac-ain has a sinificant i34act on

consu3e+s/ ud3ent of the effectieness of a laund+9 dete+ent.

(hich of the followinB if t+ueB would 3ost st+enthen the conclusion d+awn in

the 3a+-etin stud9:

;A< The dete+ent in the b+iht ca+ton contained bleach c+9stals the dete+ent in

the d+ab ca+ton did not.

;>< The dete+ents in the two ca+tons we+e the sa3e.

;C< The dete+ents in the two ca+tons we+e diffe+entB but the9 had both been

labo+ato+9 tested.;?< The dete+ent in the d+ab ca+ton was a 4o4ula+ na3e b+and the dete+ent in

the b+iht ca+ton was ene+ic.

;E< The dete+ent in the d+ab ca+ton was ene+ic the dete+ent in the b+iht ca+ton

was a 4o4ula+ na3e b+and.

18. ?on/sB a chain of su4e+3a+-etsB has ente+ed into an a+ee3ent in which )ose

Co34ute+s will sell ?on/s an unli3ited nu3be+ of its least e54ensie C/s at one

fou+th the +eula+ wholesale 4+ice. In +etu+nB ?on/s has a+eed to 4u+chase all of

its scanne+s and othe+ elect+onic info+3ation4+ocessin e=ui43ent f+o3 )ose o+

f+o3 &3ic+onB )ose Co34ute+s/ 4a+ent co34an9B fo+ the ne5t ten 9ea+s. ?on/swill offe+ a )ose C f+ee to an9 school that tu+ns in ?on/s +eiste+ +ecei4ts

totalin 100B000 within the ne5t si5 3onths. The ice4+esident in cha+e of

ade+tisin fo+ ?on/s e54ects that the co34ute+ ieawa9 will obiate the need

fo+ a 3assie new ade+tisin ca34ain fo+ the ne5t si5 3onths and that ?on/s

can 3a-e u4 the e54enditu+es fo+ the C/s b9 w+itin the3 off its inco3e ta5es as

cha+itable donations.

The 4lans fo+3ulated b9 ?on/s assu3e each of the followin ECET

;A< The 4+ices that )ose o+ &3ic+on cha+es ?on/s fo+ info+3ation4+ocessin

e=ui43ent oe+ the ne5t ten 9ea+s will be lowe+ than those cha+ed b9 othe+


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co34anies.

;>< The ta5 laws will not be chaned to e5clude o+ lessen the alue of cha+itable

donations as ta5 w+iteoffs.

;C< Schools will be sufficientl9 att+acted b9 ?on/s co34ute+ ieawa9 offe+ that

teache+s will u+e students to sho4 at ?on/s.

;?< )ose will be able to su44l9 ?on/s with a sufficient nu3be+ of C/s to 3eet

the de3and ene+ated b9 schools that collect ?on/s +ecei4ts totalin

100B000.

;E< The effect of the co34ute+ ieawa9 offe+ on ?on/s business will be

co34a+able to that of a 3ao+ ade+tisin ca34ain.

1%. Manufactu+e+s of household a44liances a+e still u+in the 4ublic to 4u+chase

food 4+ocesso+s. The a+ious 3anufactu+e+s/ ade+tise3ents all 4oint out that the

4+ices of these a44liances a+e now lowe+ than ee+ and that each food 4+ocesso+co3es with a lifeti3e se+ice wa++ant9. In additionB 3an9 3anufactu+e+s offe+

si6able +ebates to custo3e+s who 4u+chase food 4+ocesso+s within a ien ti3e

4e+iod. (ith these incentiesB the ade+tise3ents contendB 4eo4le can ha+dl9

affo+d not to 4u+chase food 4+ocesso+s.

(hich answe+ choice is a loicall9 4+io+ issue that the 3anufactu+e+s/

ade+tise3ents fail to add+ess:

;A< (hethe+ the cost of +e4ai+s to the food 4+ocesso+s oe+ the 9ea+s will cancel

out the sains cu++entl9 bein offe+ed

;>< (hethe+ 4otential custo3e+s hae enouh uses fo+ food 4+ocesso+s to ustif94u+chasin the3

;C< (hethe+ the heads of the co34anies 3anufactu+in food 4+ocesso+s own food

4+ocesso+s the3seles

;?< (hethe+ the food 4+ocesso+s cu++entl9 bein ade+tised will be outdated

within the ne5t fie 9ea+s

;E< (hethe+ accesso+ies and +e4lace3ent 4a+ts will be +eadil9 aailable at +etail

outlets

20. Since the inention of diital +eadoutB 3achine desine+s hae +ushed to +e4lace

conentional dials and aues with diital units. 7et the diital aue has

d+awbac-s in so3e situations. Since it 4+esents an e5act nu3e+ic alueB it 3ust be

decoded and anal96ed b9 a hu3an o4e+ato+ its 3eanin cannot be +ead in an

instantaneous scannin. An analo dial o+ aue can be 3a+-ed with +ed to ale+t

the o4e+ato+ when a alue is ente+in a dane+ 6one a diital aue cannot. And

it is difficult to tell whethe+ a diital +eadout is inc+easin o+ dec+easin oe+

ti3eB while the u4 o+ down 3oe3ent of a 4ointe+ on an analo aue can be

=uic-l9 and easil9 obse+ed.

The autho+ of the 4assae aboe would 4+obabl9 +eco33end the use of diital

aue in cases when


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I. wa+nin of a sudden +ise o+ fall in alue is needed

II. an o4e+ato+ 3ust +ead and inte+4+et see+al aues within a few seconds

III. a 4+ecise nu3e+ic alue is essential

;A< I onl9

;>< III onl9

;C< I and III onl9

;?< II and III onl9

;E< IB IIB and III

TEST ?


1. Cont+a+9 to the state3ents of labo+ leade+sB the cent+al econo3ic 4+oble3 facin

A3e+ica toda9 is not the dist+ibution of wealth. It is 4+oductiit9. (ith the4+oductiit9 of D.S. indust+9 stanantB o+ een declinin slihtl9B the econo3ic

4ie is no lone+ +owin. Labo+ leade+sB of cou+seB 4oint to what the9 conside+ an

unfai+ dist+ibution of the slices of 4ie to ustif9 thei+ de3ands fo+ fu+the+ inc+eases

in waes and benefits. And in the 4astB when the 4ie was still +owinB

3anae3ent could affo+d to ac=uiesce. 'o lone+. Dntil 4+oductiit9 +esu3es its

+owthB the+e can be no ustification fo+ fu+the+ inc+eases in the co34ensation of

wo+-e+s.

(hich of the followin state3ents b9 a labo+ leade+ focuses on the loical

wea-ness in the a+u3ent aboe:

;A< Althouh the econo3ic 4ie is no lone+ +owinB the 4o+tion of the 4ie

allocated to A3e+ican wo+-e+s +e3ains unustl9 s3all.

;>< If 3anae3ent fails to acco33odate the de3ands of wo+-e+sB labo+ leade+s

will be fo+ced to call st+i-es that will c+i44le the o4e+ation of indust+9.

;C< Althouh 4+oductiit9 is stanantB the D.S. 4o4ulation is +owinB so that the

absolute si6e of the econo3ic 4ie continues to +ow as well.

;?< As a labo+ leade+B I can be conce+ned onl9 with the needs of wo+-in 4eo4leB

not with the 4+oble3s faced b9 3anae3ent.

;E< The stanation of D.S. indust+9 has been caused la+el9 b9 facto+sKsuch asfo+ein co34etitionKbe9ond the cont+ol of A3e+ican wo+-e+s.

2. +eud/s theo+ies of the wo+-ins of the 3indB while b+illiant fo+ thei+ da9B we+e

fo+3ulated befo+e 3ost of this centu+9/s +eat adances in neu+o4h9siolo9 and

bioche3ist+9. Toda9B we hae a fa+ dee4e+ unde+standin of the bioloical

co34onents of thouhtB e3otionB and behaio+ than was d+ea3ed of eiht9 9ea+s

ao. It would be foolish to continue 4a++otin +eud/s 4s9choloical theo+ies as if

these adances had nee+ occu++ed.

It can be infe++ed f+o3 the 4assae aboe that the autho+ would be 3ost li-el9 to

fao+


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;A< the abandon3ent of 3ost of +eud/s theo+ies

;>< a +eate+ +eliance on bioloical +athe+ than 4s9choloical e54lanations of

behaio+

;C< a c+itical +ee5a3ination of +eud/s 4lace in the histo+9 of 4s9cholo9

;?< a +ee5a3ination of +eud/s theo+ies in the liht of conte34o+a+9 biolo9

;E< inc+eased financial su44o+t fo+ studies in neu+o4h9siolo9 and bioche3ist+9

!. To aoid a hostile ta-eoe+ atte34tB the boa+d of di+ecto+s of (ellcoB Inc.B a

4+oide+ of life and health insu+anceB 4lanned to ta-e out la+e loans and use the3

to 4u+chase a 4ublishin co34an9B a chocolate facto+9B and a nationwide chain of

3oie theate+s. The di+ecto+s antici4ated that these 4u+chase initiall9 would

4lune the co+4o+ation dee4 into debtB +ende+in it unatt+actie to those who

wanted to ta-e it oe+B but that steadil9 +isin insu+ance +ates would allow the

co34an9 to 4a9 off the debt within fie 9ea+s. MeanwhileB +eenues f+o3 theth+ee new businesses would enable the co+4o+ation as a whole to continue to 3eet

its inc+eased o4e+atin e54enses. Dlti3atel9B acco+din o the di+ecto+s/ 4lanB the

die+sification would st+enthen the co+4o+ation b9 a+9in the sou+ces and

schedules of its annual +eenues.

(hich of the followinB assu3in that all a+e e=uall9 4ossibleB would 3ost

enhance the chances of the 4lan/s success:

;A< A wides4+ead d+ouht dec+eases the aailabilit9 of cacao beansB f+o3 which

chocolate is 3anufactu+eB diin u4 chocolate 4+ices wo+ldwide.

;>< 'ew oe+n3ent +eulations +e=ui+e a !0 4e+cent ac+osstheboa+d +ate+ollbac- of all insu+ance co34aniesB to bein i33ediatel9 and to be

co34leted within a fie9ea+ 4e+iod.

;C< Con+ess enacts a statuteB effectie afte+ si5 3onthsB 3a-in it illeal fo+ an9

4a+ent not to ca++9 health insu+ance coe+ae fo+ his o+ he+ child.

;?< La+esc+een teleisions d+o4 d+a3aticall9 in 4+ice due to su+4+ise alte+ations

in t+ade ba++ie+s with ,a4an 3oie theate+ attendance dwindles as a

conse=uence.

;E< A newB ine54ensie 4+ocess is discoe+ed fo+ 3a-in 4a4e+ 4ul4B and 4a4e+

4+ices fall to #0 4e+cent of thei+ fo+3e+ leel.

". In 1%81B fo+ the fi+st ti3e in oe+ two decadesB the ae+ae sco+es of hih school

students on standa+di6ed 3ath and Enlish tests did not decline. ?u+in the sa3e

9ea+B 3illions of A3e+ican students eno9ed thei+ fi+st e54osu+e to the new wo+ld

of the 3ic+oco34ute+B whethe+ in schoolsB ideo a+cadesB o+ othe+ settins. The

conclusion is clea+ fa+ f+o3 stultif9in the intellectual ca4acities of studentsB

e54osu+e to co34ute+s can actuall9 enhance the3.

The 3ost se+ious wea-ness of the a+u3ent aboe is its failu+e to

;A< discuss the unde+l9in causes of the twent99ea+ decline in students/ test

sco+es


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;>< cite s4ecific fiu+es docu3entin the inc+eases in test sco+es

;C< distinuish a3on the a+ious t94es of co34ute+ bein used b9 hih school

students

;?< define the intellectual ca4acities tested b9 the standa+di6ed 3ath and Enlish

tests +efe++ed to

;E< e54lain e5actl9 how hih school students/ abilities on 3ath and Enlish tests

could hae been enhanced b9 e54osu+e to co34ute+s

Questions 5-& are based on the following.

Althouh its 4u+4ose is laudableB the e5clusiona+9 +uleB which fo+bids a cou+t to

conside+ eidence sei6ed in iolation of the defendant/s constitutional +ihtsB has

undul9 ha34e+ed lawenfo+ce3ent effo+ts. Een when the +ihts iolation was a

3ino+ o+ 4u+el9 technical oneB tu+nin on a detail of 4+ocedu+e +athe+ than on the

ab+oation of so3e funda3ental libe+t9B and een when it has been clea+ that the4olice office+s we+e actin in ood faithB the eidence obtained has been conside+ed

tainted unde+ this +ule and 3a9 not een b9 int+oduced. In conse=uenceB defendants

who we+e undoubtedl9 uilt9 hae been set f+eeB 4e+ha4s to stealB +a4eB o+ 3u+de+

aain.

$. The autho+ of the 4assae aboe assu3es all of the followin ECET

;A< The constitutional +ihts of c+i3inal defendants should be 4+otected.

;>< Most cases in which the e5clusiona+9 +ule has been ino-ed hae inoled

4u+el9 technical iolations of constitutional 4+inci4les.

;C< The nu3be+ of cases whose outco3e has been affected b9 the e5clusiona+9

+ule is sinificant.

;?< So3e of the defendants set f+ee unde+ the e5clusiona+9 +ule hae been uilt9

of se+ious c+i3inal offenses.

;E< Me+el9 technical iolations of the +ules conce+nin eidence should be t+eated

diffe+entl9 f+o3 delibe+ate assaults u4on hu3an +ihts.

#. It can be infe++ed f+o3 the 4assae that the autho+ would 3ost li-el9 endo+se

which of the followin 4+o4osals:

;A< Chane of the e5clusiona+9 +ule to ad3it eidence obtained b9 4olice office+sactin in ood faith

;>< A constitutional a3end3ent cu+tailin so3e of the 4+otections t+aditionall9

affo+ded those accused of a c+i3e

;C< A statute li3itin the a44lication of the e5clusiona+9 +ule to cases inolin

3ino+ c+i3inal offenses

;?< Chane of the e5clusiona+9 +ule to allow an9 eidenceB no 3atte+ how

obtainedB to be int+oduced in cou+t

;E< A constitutional a3end3ent allowin 4olice office+s to obtain ital eidence

b9 an9 3eans necessa+9 when in 4u+suit of a -nown c+i3inal


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. The 4ostal se+ice is badl9 3is3anaed. o+t9 9ea+s aoB fi+stclass lette+

delie+9 cost onl9 th+ee cents. Since thenB the 4+ice has inc+eased nea+l9 tenfoldB

with an actual dec+ease in the s4eed and +eliabilit9 of se+ice.

Each of the followin state3entsB if t+ueB would tend to wea-en the a+u3ent

aboe ECET

;A< The olu3e of 3ail handled b9 the 4ostal se+ice has inc+eased d+a3aticall9

oe+ the last fo+t9 9ea+s.

;>< Dn4+ecedented inc+eases in the cost of fuel fo+ t+uc-s and 4lanes hae 4ut

see+e u4wa+d 4+essu+es on 4ostal delie+9 costs.

;C< +iate delie+9 se+ices usuall9 cha+e 3o+e than does the 4ostal se+ice fo+

co34a+able delie+9 cha+es.

;?< The ae+ae delie+9 ti3e fo+ a fi+stclass lette+ fou+ decades ao was actuall9

slihtl9 lone+ than it is toda9.

;E< The ae+ae leel of consu3e+ 4+ices oe+all has inc+eased 3o+e than !00

4e+cent oe+ the last fo+t9 9ea+s.

8. (hen the oe+n3ent of a nation announced +ecentl9 that a leade+ of the nation/s

4olitical o44osition had died of a 39ste+ious illness in 4+isonB few seasoned

obse+e+s of the +ei3e we+e su+4+ised. As the 4olice ca4tain in an old 3oie

+e3a+-ed when as-ed about the condition of a 4+isone+B (e/+e t+9in to decide

whethe+ he co33itted suicide o+ died t+9in to esca4e.F

The state3ents aboe inite which of the followin conclusions:

;A< The o44osition leade+ was 4+obabl9 -illed t+9in to esca4e f+o3 4+ison.

;>< The o44osition leade+ 3a9 not be dead at all.

;C< It is unli-el9 that the head of the +ei3e -nows the t+ue cause of the

o44osition leade+/s death.

;?< The o44osition leade+ 4+obabl9 -illed hi3self.

;E< The +ei3e e+9 li-el9 was +es4onsible fo+ the death of the o44osition leade+.


In the indust+iali6ed nationsB the last centu+9 has witnessed a sho+tenin of the ae+ae

wo+-da9 f+o3 twele hou+s o+ lone+ to less than eiht hou+s. Mindful of this

eno+3ous inc+ease in leisu+e ti3e oe+ the 4ast centu+9B 3an9 4eo4le assu3e that the

sa3e t+end has obtained th+ouhout histo+9B and thatB the+efo+eB 4+ehisto+ic hu3ans

3ust hae labo+ed incessantl9 fo+ thei+ e+9 su+ial.

(e cannotB of cou+seB di+ectl9 test this assu34tion. Howee+B a stud9 of 4+i3itie

4eo4les of toda9 suests a diffe+ent conclusion. The Mbuti of cent+al Af+icaB fo+

instanceB s4end onl9 a few hou+s each da9 in huntinB athe+inB and tendin to othe+

econo3ic necessities. The +est of thei+ ti3e is s4ent as the9 choose. The i34lication is

that the sho+t wo+-da9 is not 4eculia+ to indust+iali6ed societies. )athe+B both the

e5tended wo+-da9 of 1880 and the sho+te+ wo+-da9 of toda9 a+e 4+oducts of diffe+ent


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staes of the continuin 4+ocess of indust+iali6ation.

%. (hich of the followin infe+ences about indust+iali6ation is best su44o+ted b9 the

4assae aboe:

;A< eo4le in adanced indust+iali6ed societies hae 3o+e leisu+e ti3e than thosein nonindust+iali6ed societies.

;>< An ae+ae wo+-da9 of twele hou+s o+ 3o+e is 4eculia+ to econo3ies in the

ea+l9 staes of indust+iali6ation.

;C< Indust+iali6ation inoles a t+adeoff between tediousB 3onotonous obs and

the benefits of inc+eased leisu+e.

;?< It is li-el9 that the e5tended wo+-da9 of an indust+iali6in count+9 will

eentuall9 be sho+tened.

;E< As indust+iali6ation 4+o+essesB 4eo4le tend to loo- fo+ selffulfill3ent in

leisu+e +athe+ than wo+-.

10. (hich of the followinB if t+ueB would 3ost +eatl9 st+enthen the a+u3ent 3ade

in the 4assae aboe:

;A< In +ecent decadesB the econo39 of the Mbuti has been 3a+-edl9 affected b9

the enc+oach3ent of 3ode+n ciili6ation.

;>< The lifest9le of the Mbuti is si3ila+ to that of 4+ehisto+ic hu3ans.

;C< The Mbuti hae no wo+ds in thei+ lanuae to e54+ess the distinction between

wo+- actiities and leisu+e actiities.

;?< The wo+-da9 of a Eu+o4ean 4easant in 3edieal ti3es ae+aed betweeneleen and fifteen hou+s.

;E< The 3e3be+s of the Sha-li- t+ibe in cent+al Asia hae an ae+ae wo+-da9 of

ten to twele hou+s.

11. Glo+ia Those who adocate tuition ta5 c+edits fo+ 4a+ents whose child+en attend

4+iate schools 3aintain that 4eo4le 3a-in no use of a oe+n3ent se+ice

should not be fo+ced to 4a9 fo+ it. 7et those who choose to bu9 bottled wate+

+athe+ than d+in- wate+ f+o3 the local su44l9 a+e not the+efo+e e5e34t f+o3

4a9in ta5es to 3aintain the local wate+ su44l9.

)oe+ 7ou+ a+u3ent is illoical. Child+en a+e +e=ui+ed b9 law to attend school.Since school attendance is a 3atte+ not of choiceB but of leal +e=ui+e3entB it is

unfai+ fo+ the oe+n3ent to fo+ce so3e 4a+ents to 4a9 fo+ it twice.

(hich of the followin +es4onses b9 Glo+ia would best +efute )oe+/s cha+e that

he+ a+u3ent is illoical:

;A< Althouh d+in-in wate+ is not +e=ui+ed b9 lawB it is necessa+9 fo+ all 4eo4leB

and the+efo+e 39 analo9 is a44+o4+iate.

;>< Those who can affo+d the tuition at a hih4+iced 4+iate school can well bea+

the sa3e ta5 bu+den as those whose child+en attend 4ublic schools.

;C< If tuition ta5 c+edits a+e +antedB the ta5 bu+den on 4a+ents who choose 4ublic


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schools will +ise to an intole+able leel.

;?< The law does not sa9 that 4a+ents 3ust send thei+ child+en to 4+iate schoolsB

onl9 that the child+en 3ust attend so3e -ind of schoolB whethe+ 4ublic o+

4+iate.

;E< >oth bottled wate+ and 4+iate schools a+e lu5u+9 ite3sB and it is unfai+ that

so3e citi6ens should be able to affo+d the3 while othe+s cannot.

Questions 1!-13 are based on the following.

Since the 4assae of the state/s Clean Ai+ Act ten 9ea+s aoB the leel of indust+ial

4ollutants in the ai+ has fallen b9 an ae+ae of 18 4e+cent. This suests that the

+est+ictions on indust+9 e3bodied in the act hae wo+-ed effectiel9. Howee+B du+in

the sa3e 4e+iod the state has also suffe+ed th+ouh a 4e+iod of econo3ic decline. The

nu3be+ of businesses in the state has fallen b9 10 4e+centB and the nu3be+ of wo+-e+s

e34lo9ed has fallen b9 12 4e+cent. It is 4+obable that the business declineB +athe+ thanthe +eulations in the actB is +es4onsible fo+ at least half of the decline in the 4ollution.

12. (hich of followin is an assu34tion 3ade in the 4assae aboe:

;A< Most businesses in the state hae obe9ed the +eulations e3bodied in the

Clean Ai+ Act.

;>< The econo3ic decline of the state can be att+ibutedB in 4a+tB to the effects of

the Clean Ai+ Act.

;C< The a3ount of ai+ 4ollution in a ien a+ea is li-el9 to be 4+o4o+tional to the

nu3be+ of businesses and wo+-e+s actie in that a+ea.

;?< The +est+ictions on business actiit9 in othe+ states a+e less st+inent than a+e

those e3bodied in the Clean Ai+ Act.

;E< The Clean Ai+ Act has been onl9 e+9 slihtl9 successful in achiein the oal

of +educed ai+ 4ollution.

1!. (hich of the followinB if t+ueB would 3ost se+iousl9 wea-en the conclusion

d+awn in the 4assae aboe:

;A< ?u+in the last ten 9ea+sB econo3ic conditions in the nation as a whole hae

been wo+se than those within the state.

;>< A3end3ents to the Clean Ai+ Act that we+e enacted si5 9ea+s ao haesubstantiall9 st+enthened its +est+ictions on indust+ial ai+ 4ollution.

;C< &f the businesses that ceased o4e+atin in the state du+in the last ten 9ea+sB

onl9 $ 4e+cent we+e enaed in ai+4ollutin indust+ies.

;?< See+al la+e co+4o+ations left the state du+in the last ten 9ea+s 4a+tl9 in

o+de+ to aoid co34liance with the Clean Ai+ Act.

;E< ?ue to its s3all budetB the state office cha+ed with enfo+ce3ent of the

Clean Ai+ Act has 4+osecuted onl9 two iolato+s of the law since its 4assae.

1". A nut+itionist stud9in the effects of 3assie doses of ita3in C found that of a+ou4 of #00 4eo4le who +eula+l9 too- 1B$00 3 of ita3in C dail9 fo+ a 9ea+B


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fewe+ than % 4e+cent suffe+ed se+ious cases of flu of a +ou4 of #00 4eo4le who

too- 2$0 3 of ita3in C ;the standa+d +eco33ended dail9 allowance< dail9 fo+

a 9ea+B !" 4e+cent suffe+ed at least one se+ious case of flu and of a +ou4 of #00

4eo4le who too- no ita3in C fo+ a 9ea+ ;othe+ than that found in the foods in a

balanced diet< @ita3in C is hel4ful in 4+eentin disease.

;C< ?oses of ita3in C that e5ceed the standa+d +eco33ended dail9 allowance

b9 $00 4e+cent will +educe the incidence of se+ious cases of flu b9 2$

4e+cent.

;?< Massie doses of ita3in C can hel4 to 4+eent se+ious case of flu.

;E< A balanced diet contains less than 2$0 3 of ita3in C.

1$. Susan Those who o44ose e54e+i3entation on ani3als do not 4+o4e+l9 alue the

4+ese+ation of hu3an life. Althouh ani3al suffe+in is unfo+tunateB it is

ustifiable if it can lead to cu+es fo+ hu3an ail3ents.

Melin >ut 3uch ani3al e54e+i3entation inoles testin of o+dina+9 consu3e+

4+oducts such as soa4sB d9esB and cos3etics.

Susan These e54e+i3ents a+e ustifiable on the sa3e +oundsB since cleanlinessB

conenienceB and beaut9 a+e wo+thwhile hu3an alues dese+in of su44o+t.

(hich of the followin is the best state3ent of the loical flaw in Susan/s

a+u3ent:

;A< He+ clai3 that ani3al e54e+i3entation is ustifiable if it su44o+ts hu3an

alues cont+adicts he+ clai3 that such e54e+i3entation is ustifiable onl9 if it

leads to cu+es fo+ hu3an ail3ents.

;>< She 4laces a hihe+ alue on hu3an cleanlinessB conenienceB and beaut9

than she does on the 4+ese+ation of ani3al life.

;C< She uses the wo+d alueF in two diffe+ent senses.

;?< She assu3es that all o+dina+9 consu3e+ 4+oducts aid in the 4+ese+ation of

hu3an life.

;E< She fails to show how 3e+e su44o+t fo+ hu3an alues actuall9 4+ese+es

hu3an lies.

1#. (hich of the followin best co34letes the 4assae below:

As lon as sains de4osits a+e insu+ed b9 the oe+n3entB de4osito+s will hae

no incentie to ealuate the financial st+enth of a sains ban-. 7ield alone will

influence thei+ choice of ban-. To att+act de4ositsB ban-s will be fo+ced to offe+

the hihest 4ossible inte+est +ates. And since 4a9in hihe+ +ates ineitabl9 st+ains

the financial st+enth of a ban-B


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;A< the oe+n3ent will be fo+ced o i34ose li3itations on inte+est +ates

;>< de4osit insu+ance will ulti3atel9 lead to the financial wea-enin of 3an9

ban-s

;C< sae+s will be fo+ced to choose between de4osit insu+ance and hihe+ inte+est

+ates

;?< de4osits will tend to o to the ban-s with the +eatest financial st+enth

;E< ban- 4+ofits will tend to +ise to ee+hihe+ leels

1. Ee+9 4aintin hanin in the Houla+ Galle+9 is b9 a +ench 4ainte+. 'o 4aintin

in the Houla+ Galle+9 is b9 a @o+ticist. &nl9 @o+ticists use ac+9lic 3onoch+o3es

in thei+ wo+-s.


;A< 'o +ench 4ainte+s a+e @o+ticists.

;>< All @o+ticists use ac+9lic 3onoch+o3es in thei+ wo+-s.

;C< So3e +ench 4ainte+s do not use ac+9lic 3onoch+o3es in thei+ wo+-s.

;?< 'o +ench 4ainte+s use ac+9lic 3onoch+o3es in thei+ wo+-s.

;E< All +ench 4ainte+s who use ac+9lics use ac+9lic 3onoch+o3es in thei+ wo+-s.

18. (e co33onl9 s4ea- of aesthetic ud3ents as subectieB and in the sho+t te+3

the9 a+eB since c+itics often disa+ee about the alue of a 4a+ticula+ conte34o+a+9

wo+- of a+t. >ut oe+ ti3eB the subectie ele3ent disa44ea+s. (hen wo+-s of a+t

hae continued to deliht audiences fo+ centu+iesB as hae the 4aintins of

MichelaneloB the 3usic of >achB and the 4la9s of Sha-es4ea+eB we canobectiel9 call the3 +eat.

The state3ents aboe best su44o+t which of the followin conclusions:

;A< (hen MichelaneloB >achB and Sha-es4ea+e we+e alieB c+itics disa+eed

about the alue of thei+ wo+-.

;>< The alue of a conte34o+a+9 wo+- of a+t cannot be obectiel9 3easu+ed.

;C< The +e4utation of a wo+- of a+t often fluctuates +eatl9 f+o3 one ene+ation to

the ne5t.

;?< The 3e+e fact that a wo+- of a+t has endu+ed fo+ centu+ies does not establish

its +eatness.

;E< If c+itics a+ee about the alue of a 4a+ticula+ cote34o+a+9 wo+- of a+tB then

the wo+- can obectiel9 be called +eat.

1%. Since the $$3ile4e+hou+ s4eed li3it was 3andated on ou+ hihwa9sB both

3one9 and hu3an lies hae been saed.

All of the followinB if t+ueB would st+enthen the clai3 aboe ECET

;A< Most hihwa9 use+s find that t+ael ti3es a+e not a44+eciabl9 lenthened b9

the $$3ile4e+hou+ s4eed li3it.

;>< Hihwa9 d+iin at $$ 3iles 4e+ hou+ o+ less is 3o+e fuelefficient than hih


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s4eed d+iin.

;C< 'ea+l9 all hihwa9 safet9 e54e+ts a+ee that 3o+e accidents occu+ at s4eeds

oe+ $$ 3iles 4e+ hou+ than at lowe+ s4eeds.

;?< The 4e+centae of fatalities occu++in in hihwa9 accidents at s4eeds +eate+

than $$ 3iles 4e+ hou+ is hihe+ than that fo+ lows4eed accidents.

;E< Auto3obiles last lone+ and +e=ui+e fewe+ +e4ai+s when d+ien at consistentl9

lowe+ s4eeds.

20. The cit9 council will ce+tainl9 ote to a44+oe the new downtown +edeelo43ent

4lanB des4ite the obections of eni+on3entalists. Afte+ allB 3ost of the ca34ain

cont+ibutions +eceied b9 3e3be+s of the cit9 council co3e f+o3 +eal estate

deelo43ent fi+3sB which stand to benefit f+o3 the 4lan.

(hich of the followin state3entsB if t+ueB would 3ost wea-en the a+u3ent

aboe:;A< See+al 3e3be+s of the cit9 council +eceie si6able ca34ain cont+ibutions

f+o3 eni+on3ental lobb9in +ou4s.

;>< Me3be+s of the cit9 council a+e +e=ui+ed to +e4o+t the si6e and sou+ce of each

ca34ain cont+ibution t

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