100 Years of Quality, Service, Innovation and Value · 100 Years of Quality, Service, Innovation and Value Presented by ... Data Center Considerations •TIA-942 • BICSI new DC

100 Years of Quality, Service, Innovation and Value

Presented byDarren McSorley

Education and Technical Services – ASIA PACIFIC

Data Center Considerations

• TIA-942• BICSI new DC Design Manual• Blades affect designs

– Higher Cooling requirements• Under floor systems• Ceiling Plenum Air • Above Ceiling Ducted system• Water Cooling

• Layouts and equipment placement is more critical than ever

Standards and life spans

• ISO – generally 10 years – amended as needed• TIA – 5 years, every 5 years they are reaffirmed,

revised or rescinded• IEEE – until a new standard replaces it or it is revised• ALWAYS CHECK REVISIONS!

TIA-942

• Published in April 2005• Titled “Telecommunications Infrastructure Standard for

Data Centers”– Covers design and installation practices– All data center systems are addressed either specifically or by

reference

• AS2834 – Computer Accommodation 1995

Main Standards/Codes for your use

• TIA 942, TIA 568-B.1, 568-B.2, 568-B.3, 569-B, 606-A, J-STD 607, 758-A

• NESC (IEEE C2) Safety Code• Life Safety Code (NFPA 101)• BCA (Building Code of Australia)• ANSI T1.336 (Universal Telecommunications Frame)• Telcordia (Gr-63-CORE and GR-139 Core) physical protection

( Europe)• BICSI• Various others

Other Sources of Information

• Vendors – beware of false or misleading statements– Active Equipment– Infrastructure

• Equipment manufacturers – better source– Specifically the Techs Support Divisions

• Standards• TechTarget www.searchdatacenters.com• ASHRAE (HVAC Guidelines and Standards)• www.uptimeinstitute.com ( Source of the Tier Levels

principal

The ‘942’ Standard

“intended for use by designers who need a comprehensive understanding of data center designincluding facility planning, cabling system and network

design”

Main Components – 942 Document

• Data Center Design Overview• Cabling system Infrastructure Considerations• Telecommunications spaces and topologies

– Architectural– Environmentals– HVAC– Fire Protection

• Cabling systems• Pathways• Redundancy

Main Elements – DC System

• Entrance Facilities• Office Space• Support Staff Offices• Operations Center• Computer Room• Telco and Equipment Rooms• Electrical and Mechanical Rooms

– UPS, Battery Room, Main Switch Boards and HVAC

• Storage Rooms/Loading Docks

Main Computer Room

Main Elements - DC System

Telecom Room

Other

SecondaryEF

PrimaryEF

CarrierCarrier

Computer Room Back Bone

Horizontal Distribution

AREA 1DA1 LAN

ZONE AREAS

EQUIPMENT AREAS


AREA 2DA2 LAN

EQUIPMENT AREAS


AREA 3DA3 LAN

EQUIPMENT AREAS


AREA 4DA4 LAN

EQUIPMENT AREAS

Main Dist Area

Planning• Estimate equipment telcom needs, space, power,

cooling at full capacity• Plan for growth over lifecycle of data center• Coordinate preliminary designs with architectural,

HVAC, structural engineers, etc.• Create floor plan and Logical link Diagram• Design telecommunications cabling system

– Fiber Channel– Telco Demarcation Point– Infrastructure redundancy

• Data Centre Audit

Integrated Sub Systems to Consider• Security Monitoring• Access control systems• LAN/SAN Computer systems• Telecommunication and Network systems• CREMS (Computer Room Environmental

Monitoring)– Environmental Monitoring Systems– Power Systems– Cooling Systems

• Smart UPS Systems

Major Elements

• Main Distribution Area (MDA)– Core Equipment and MCC

• Horizontal Distribution Area (HDA)– Typically SAN’S, Switches

• Zone Distribution Area (ZDA)• Equipment Distribution Area (EDA)

– Edge Equipment, Server

• Entrance Room– Demarcation Points and Cable Transitions

• May have one, none or multiples of any of these

Telecom Room

Other

SecondaryEF

PrimaryEF

CarrierCarrier

Main Computer Room



AREA 1DA1 LAN

ZONE AREAS

EQUIPMENT AREAS


AREA 2DA2 LAN

EQUIPMENT AREAS


AREA 3DA3 LAN

EQUIPMENT AREAS


AREA 4DA4 LAN

EQUIPMENT AREAS

Main Dist Area

DC Elements in Detail

Main Computer Room



AREA 1DA1 LAN

ZONE AREAS

EQUIPMENT AREAS


AREA 2DA2 LAN

EQUIPMENT AREAS


AREA 3DA3 LAN

EQUIPMENT AREAS


AREA 4DA4 LAN

EQUIPMENT AREAS

Main Dist Area

DC Elements In Detail

Horiz Dist Area 1DA1 LANLAN/SAN

KVM’s


KVMs

Equip Dist AreaRacks / Processors


Main Dist AreaCore Network

DMZ, Backbones LAN/SAN

Zone Dist Area



KVM’s



KVM’s

Main Computer Room


KVM’s




Zone Dist Area

Main Distribution Area …




KVM’s


Zone Dist Area

Main Distribution Area …




KVM’s


Zone Dist Area

• Main Cross-connect facility (MC)• Maybe – Horizontal Cross-connect

(HC)• Core electronics (switches, routers,

SAN, PBX)• May serve multiple HC• Potentially a Room within a Room

for Added Security

Main Distribution Area..Main Distribution Area …




KVM’s


Zone Dist Area

• Includes the HC if used• LAN switches• SAN switches• KVM switches• Generally there are several of these• Minimum of one per floor• If multiple users – secure area

Horizontal Distribution Area…

Zone Distribution Area…

• Should be limited to 288 connections• Shall NOT be a cross-connect• No active equipment in the ZDA

(except DC power)• Must be 15m min from HAD

Equipment Distribution Area

• Contains servers • Contains telecommunication

equipment• May feed an intermediate inter connect

called a “zone distribution area”




KVM’s


Zone Dist Area

Entrance Facilities….

• Interfaces with the MC• May be part of the MC• May have a redundant counterpart

– Should be 20m away – Opposite side of the building– Separate conduits

• Handles carrier demarcations• Should be separately secured/outside

MC if possible– Maybe extended into the Data Centre

PrimaryEF

Support Areas

• Loading docks– Access to Goods Lift

• Operations center• Security Rooms• Personnel• Mechanical Rooms• Electrical Rooms• Etc.

Telecom Room

Other

Points to consider

• Distance limitations due to carrier circuits• Distance limitations due to equipment requirements

– 10GBASE-CX4 (15m)

• Separation of power • Hot and cold aisles ( lots of Co-OP with Vendors)• Density

– 10G Isolation considerations

• Cooling (What are the options)• Power requirements

Locate your Data Center away from Noise such as..

• Electrical power transformers• X-Ray• Generators and motors• Radio or Radar transmitters• Induction sealing devices• Lift Rooms

Sizing Considerations…• Allow 1.5m in front of cabinets (1m min)• Allow 1m in back of cabinets (800mm min)

– Heating may change both of these!

• 250 lb/ft2 recommended - min .150 lb/ft2

• Seismic considerations• HVAC – this is a big one!• Vibration

– Degrades connections over time– Ie Locality of Plant Rooms

• Grounding/Bonding – single reference ( ie Ground Loops )

Cabinet Ventilation

• Beware when adding blades – your cabinet may not be able to cool the units if the cabinet is fully populated

• Forced airflow• Top Hat Fans not recommended• Natural airflow• Combination of both• Liquid Cooling (new! Old! – New and old)

Wire Management

• 250mm Vertical recommended 150mm min• 1:1 on horizontal• Bend radius requirements must be met

Cabling stuff….

• Plan accommodating growth so that you don’t have to add cabling

• Copper and fiber addressed• Must be separated from power cabling• Maximum distances for all media apply• New maximums based on 10GBASE-T

– 55m on Category 6 (TSB 155-for existing ONLY)– 100m on 10G 6 or Class F/Cat 7– NO Category 5e

….ed

Recognized Media

• Category 6 minimum recommended• Some coax Security Cameras,• Fiber optic (50 micron fiber recommended)• Limited shared sheath media due to interference

– Hybrid and UTP Solutions

• UTP, S/FTP or FTP• Bus and direct connections only if needed by

manufacturer

Base media selection on…

• Flexibility• Useful Life ( eg 10 Years )• Size/occupant population• Channel capacity• Equipment vendor recommendations or specifications

– Recommendations are only minimum

Data Center Considerations• TIA-942• BICSI new DC Design Manual• Blades affect designs

– Higher Cooling requirements• Under floor systems• Ceiling Plenum Air • Above Ceiling Ducted system• Water Cooling

• Layouts and equipment placement is more critical than ever

Hot and Cold Isles

AC Package Unit AC Package UnitAC Package UnitAC Package Unit

Securit

yServ

ices

Securit

yServ

ices

Future

Data

Storage

Data

Storage

Data

Storage

Data

Storage

Data

Storag

eFutu

re

Data

Storag

eFutu

re

Carrier

Service

s

Carrier

Serv

ices

Future

Carrier

Service

s

PABX &

Rectifi

ersFutu

re

Data

Storage

Data

Storage

Data

Storage

Data

Storage

Data

Storage

Data

Storage

Data

Storag

eFutu

re

Data

Storag

eFutu

re

Data

Storag

eFutu

re

Data

Storag

eFutu

re

PABX Fram

es

PABX Fram

es

PABX Fram

es

Future

PABX &

Rectifi

ers

PABX &

Rectifi

ers

Core Netw

ork

Service

s

Core Netw

ork

Service

s

Core

Network

Futu

re

Optical

Fibre

BackB

one

Core

Network

Futu

re

UPS Batteries UPS B200 kW

UPS A200 kW

Core Netw

ork

Service

s

Core Netw

ork

Service

s

Core

Network

Futu

re

What Does it Really Look Like ?

What does it really look like?

• 2N+1 Design

AC Package Unit AC Package UnitAC Package UnitAC Package Unit

BAT

BAT

BAT

BAT

PDU

UPS

PDU

UPS

PDU

UPS

PDU

UPS

PDU

UPS

BAT

PDU

UPS

PDU

UPS

BAT

Securit

yServi

ces

Securit

yServi

ces

Future

DataSto

rage

DataSto

rage

DataSto

rage

DataSto

rage

DataStor

age

Future

DataStor

age

Future

Carrier

Service

s

Carrier

Service

sFutu

re

Carrier

Service

s

PABX &Rec

tifiers

Future

DataSto

rage

DataSto

rage

DataSto

rage

DataSto

rage

DataSto

rage

DataSto

rage

DataStor

age

Future

DataStor

age

Future

DataStor

age

Future

DataStor

age

Future

PABXFram

es

PABXFram

es

PABXFram

esFutu

re

PABX &Rec

tifiers

PABX &Rec

tifiers

CoreNetw

orkServi

ces

CoreNetw

orkServi

ces

CoreNetw

orkFutu

re

Optical

FibreBac

kBone

CoreNetw

orkFutu

re

PDU

BAT

BAT

BAT

BAT

BAT

PDU

UPS

PDU

UPS

PDU

UPS

PDU

UPS

UPS

Why? – Air Damming

Cooling Strategies

• Install blanks in cabinets to stop air plumes• Install brushes/pillows in cabinets and floor openings• Figure out your actual cooling needs• Scale your cooling with your cabinets• Heated air must dissipate through some means• For every kW of power consumption you need equal

thermal reduction!

Data Center Redundancy

• Redundancy– ‘N’ is the operational base requirement– N+1 Redundancy– N+2 Redundancy– 2N– 2N+1

• Tiers (uptime Institute –Annex)– Tier 1 Basic Data Center– Tier 2 Redundant Components– Tier 3 Concurrently Maintainable– Tier 4 Fault Tolerant

Tiers – What do they Mean?

AllSystems and Power some others

SystemsMaybe NoneRedundant Components

2 Active1 Active/1 Passive

11Delivery Paths

2(N+1) or S+SN+1N+1NRedundant Components

100%80-90%30%20%Support space to floor ratio

150+100-15040-5020-30Ultimate Watts/ft2 - ****

1995198519701965First year deployed

0.4 hrs1.6 hrs22.0 hrs28.8 hrsAnnual IT Downtime due to Site

99.995%99.982%99.749%99.671%Site availability

Based on information from the Uptime Institute

$1,100+$900$600$450Cost per square foot

AutoAutoShutdownShutdown Critical Path Support Requires

UPS + GenUPS + GenUPS + GenUPSPower Support

TIER IVTIER IIITIER IITIER 1

TIA 942 – Data Center Standard

• Sets up “hot zones” for equipment• All horizontal cables should be run and terminated

accommodating growth so that it does not have to be revisited• Fire, Life, Safety, Power and Lighting considerations• Distribution areas and Telecommunications Rooms• Equipment Placement• Cabling Systems, Cabling Pathways and spaces• Security and other included systems

Data Center Design Considerations

• Biometrics and other Security Access Systems• Intelligent Patching Solutions – MapIT

– May be compliance driven

• Business Continuity Considerations• Fire Suppression/Detection Systems• Supported Bandwidth over the LIFE of the data center• Density and Power requirements• Don’t forget Blades!• Standards based infrastructures

100 200 300 600

FREQUENCY MHz

Dec

ibel

s (d

b)

Cat 5 Cat 6 (250) Cat 7

Margin

SiemonMargin

Attenutaion - SIGNAL

NEXT - NOISE

Technology Grey Areas

• Standards as they are today• Where to tomorrow

16 MHz16 MHz 100 MHz100 MHz 250 MHz250 MHz 600 MHz600 MHz 1.2 GHz1.2 GHz

Cat 3Cat 3 Cat 5ECat 5E Cat 6Cat 6 Cat 7Cat 7


• Influences of 10 Gigabit 500 Mhz (PDAM 16)• What happens to Category 7

16 MHz16 MHz 100 MHz100 MHz 250 MHz250 MHz 600 MHz600 MHz 1.2 GHz1.2 GHz

Cat 3Cat 3 Cat 5ECat 5ECat 7Cat 7

Cat 6ACat 6A

500 MHz500 MHz


• Moves out to 1.0 GHz• In Alignment with TERA

16 MHz16 MHz 100 MHz100 MHz 250 MHz250 MHz 600 MHz600 MHz

Cat 3Cat 3 Cat 5ECat 5E Cat 6ACat 6A

500 MHz500 MHz1200 MHz1200 MHz

1.0 GHz1.0 GHz

Cat 7Cat 7

TERATERA

Data Center Manager Poll

Category 5e 6.3%Category 6 9.4%Augmented Category 6 31.3%Class F/Category 7 50.0%Fiber only 3.1%

If you were to build a data center today, what �cabling system would you use?

Data Center Decisions Conference 2005 – 300+ Data Center Managers and CIO’s Globally.

Architecture Specific Design

10GBASE-T • Initially designed for data centers• 10x the performance at 3x the price

– Note: fiber is 10x the performance at 10x the price

• Today’s server is tomorrows desktop• Mass production of chips will make this viable for

desktop solutions within the next 5 years• Heavy demand from Government and Research

Facilities• 10GBASE-CX4 is expected to dwindle after

10GBASE-T

What is ANEXT

• Alien Near End X Talk• Out of channel noise• Very difficult to test• Pair to Pair noise In different

cables• Noise coupling has identical

characteristics

Mitigation Techniques

• Improve Insertion Loss: 1dB insertion loss improvement provides the same effect as 1dB ANEXT mitigation

• Un-Bundle Cables• Separate Pathways and separation at distributors• New DSP technologies• Port Separation in Panels and TO’s• Screen/Shielded cables, cords and outlets

To Shield or Not to Shield• Shielding will protect your conduit fill ratios• ScTP (F/UTP) contains a foil around the cable• Category 7/Class F cable includes a shield around

each pair and an overall braid shield– Heartiest cable on the market– Cable sharing benefits allow 2-10/100 connections in one R45

footprint– New 2 pair gigabit standard ONLY for TERA

• Some companies/countries prefer shielded systems• ANEXT is NOT an issue with shielding

Shannon Capacity of Channels

Shannon Capacity

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

MHz

Band

wid

th in

Gb/

s Cat 6 UTP - 9.39 Gb/s @800MHzCat 6 ScTP - 28.8 Gb/s @800MHzClass F - 49.36 Gb/s@1000MHz

Cable Design Strategies

Aug 6 UTP• Installation

• 40% Fill

6.3mm 9.7mm

Aug 6 UTP• Design

• 60% Fill

6.7mm

Aug 6 F/UTP• Design

• 60% Fill

7.9mm

Cat 7 S/FTP• Design

• 60% Fill

ANEXT Hot SpotsSIEMON SYSTEMcabling

S DTHE SIEMON COMPANY

S D S D SD SD SD


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S D S D SD SD SD


SD SD SD SD SD


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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

HD6

SIEMON

6Series

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

HD6SIEMON

6Series


S D S D SD SD SD

SDTHE SIEMON COMPANY

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Catalyst 3560 SERIES

SYST

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3 2X 34X

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1 X

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17 X

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3 2X 34X

33X 4 7X

4 8X

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 3 0 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 4 4 45 46 47 481 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

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1 X

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3 2X 34X

33X 4 7X

4 8X

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1 X

1 8X

17 X

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3 2X 34X

33X 4 7X

4 8X

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 3 0 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 4 4 45 46 47 481 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1

P oE-48

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SYST

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RPS

1 X

1 8X

17 X

1 6X2X

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3 2X 34X

33X 4 7X

4 8X

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1 X

1 8X

17 X

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3 2X 34X

33X 4 7X

4 8X

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1 X

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33X 4 7X

4 8X

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 3 0 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 4 4 45 46 47 481 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

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1 8X

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3 2X 34X

33X 4 7X

4 8X

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SIEMON

6

Between Patch Panel Ports

SD Between TO Ports

BetweenPatch Cords

Trends for ‘05• Gate’s Law Revisited

• “640k ought to be enough for anybody”– Bill Gates, 1981

• Gate’s Law states that the speed of applications is cut in half every 18 months– Called application bloat

• Let’s look at Windows and Microsoft Office over the last 10 years…

Application Growth - Bloat

1.5 GB Disk space

50-55 MB 245MB disk space +115MB +50 MB

40 MB min disk space128 all features

128 MB RAM+ recommended64MB min

4 MB RAM, 8 recommended

128 MB RAM+ 8MB for each program

8 MB RAM

233MHz min300MHz rec.

486 recommended

PIII recommended133MHz min

386 – 486 recommended

Windows XPWindows 95Office XPOffice 95

Moore’s Law• Number of processors on a chip doubles every 18

months• More importantly….

– The cost to make that chip is cut in half in the same 18 month period!

• 10G chips auto-negotiate between 10/100/1000/10G• The same chip will eventually be mass produced and

used in everything• Less expensive to do one chip than multiple• It may be limited to speed in SOFTWARE• That is why all machines ship with Gig today!

10G Growth• $570 million in 2005*• Grow to 3.3 Billion by 2009*• Copper 10G is 1% of current market expected to be 25% of

market by 2009*– Copper 10G ports are expected to be 3 x the cost of a 1G copper

port– Copper 1G ports are 1/3 the price on average of a 1G fiber port

• Copper offers significant savings due to the high cost of optical electronics

• Demand from corporations, governments and research labs• CX4 is expected to be replaced with 10GBASE-T• 10GBASE-T is interoperable with PoE

• *Study 12/10/04 Communications Industry Researchers (CIR)

Conclusions

• 10G over copper is a reality• Cat 5e is not a good investment• Aug. Cat 6 (Siemon 10G 6 UTP) provides much better

TCO/ROI compared to cat 6 UTP• TERA provides the longest lifecycle and can provide

even greater savings by utilizing its ability to share one 4 pair cable/outlet and will support 40G operations in the next speed iteration.

Global Project Services ®

Mission Statement

The Siemon Company’s Global Project Services (GPSSM) team works with our global network of channel partners to provide consistent, highest quality multi-site cabling project and installation coordination for key end users and system integrators.

•

A secure web enabled tool that will allow an instant summary of all details being coordinated through Siemon GPS including downloadable project documentation.

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Siemon Training Program

• BICSI Certified training covering the entire channel for both copper and fiber

• Recertification required every 2 years – either online or 2 day class• CEC’s are a requirement assuring adherence to new standards and

addendums • Levels of Training

– Certified Installer – Trained Designer and Installer– Certified Maintainer – End User certified to maintain system with warranty– Listed Installer – Siemon product warranty– Trained Installer- subcontractor to a CI– Consultant Architect Program – Certified Designer that can hire a CI or TI to

install and provide warranty

Value Added Services

Siemon Technical Design Assistance Program

• Technical Support• Design Assistance• Technical Specifications• RFIs/RFPs/RFQs• DWG & Visio Shapes • Siemon Product BOMs• Quick Quote


ACTACT10M100M

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UPLINK

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112

131415161718192021222324COLCOL

PWR

SWITCH

19 20 21 22 23 2413 14 15 16 17 187 8 9 10 11 121 2 3 4 5 6

43 44 45 46 47 4837 38 39 40 41 4231 32 33 34 35 3625 26 27 28 29 30

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43 44 45 46 47 4837 38 39 40 41 4231 32 33 34 35 3625 26 27 28 29 30

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Fiber PatchPanel Tray

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UNU SCS Diagram - PLAN A Update: 7/May/2003

Server Room

Desktop/Laptop PC

Outlet Box 1 Port Cat6 RJ45-RJ45 Patch Cable Cat6

UTP 4P Cat6RJ45 Patch Panel Cat6

Hub

EPS

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Digital Studio

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Server Room in IAS

Siemon Project Audits

• Installation audits during various phases of installation– 33%– 66%– 99%

• Free on projects of 10,000 drops• Provided upon request for other projects• Catches problems before project is finished• Provided by Siemon trainers and Program Support

Services• Checks and balances for end users


GridWork™– Ability to audit a network infrastructure

• Electronics and Physical Infrastructure– Uses SNMP data, visual inspections and testing– NO packet level snooping– NO password snooping– Recommended or required by all VoIP/IPT vendors prior to rollout– Assists with moving to higher speed technologies– Stops finger pointing between electronics and cabling specialties– Assures solid performance PROactively– Partnerships with various electronics manufacturers

Best Candidates for an Audit

• Legacy environments• Self-mutilated environments• Multi-site companies with central IT• Installations greater than 5 years old• New IPT/VoIP rollouts

GridWork™

GridWork™

• Audit based on customer needs– Physical layer only– Physical plus SNMP data from electronics– Recommend corrective measures– Electronics manufacturers and System integrators

are using this program– Tailored information based on user’s needs– Assists with documentation requirements for

compliance related issues

Siemon Data Center Assistance

• President of the BladeSystems Alliance/Data Center Solutions Alliance

• Data Center design assistance• Codes and Standards update seminars, webinars and

podcasts• Fill in the blank business continuity plan• Data center checklist for day one and day two services

Questions?

[email protected]

Documents

100 Years of Quality, Service, Innovation and Value · 100 Years of Quality, Service, Innovation and Value Presented by ... Data Center Considerations •TIA-942 • BICSI new DC