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11/19/18
1
Douglas J. ReinemannAssociate Dean: Extension and OutreachProfessor: Biological Systems Engineering
Director: Milking Research and Instruction Lab
100 Years of Milking:From Buckets to Robots
2
Hand Milking 1880-1920
• 4 cows milked/hr
• 8 cows/farm
• 40 acres with ¼ to feed Horses
• ½ of US population lives on Farms– 12M farm workers in 1915, 1M in 2015
• Life Expectancy 54 yrs
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Make hay while the sun shines
3
Bucket Milking
• 10 cows/hr• 20 cows/ farm• 80 Acres• Tractors! Well-Water Milk Cooling
11/19/18
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What came first?
Pipeline Milking• 30 cows/hour = 60 cows = 240 acres• Classic Red barn and Silos• Milking Ergonomics
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Parlor Milking
• 50 – 150 cows/hour • Hired milking labor• Cows Step up• Milking Ergonomics• Semi-Automated
Count the rings on the tree
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Rotary Milking ParlorsCows move people stand still
100+ cows/person/hour – highly repetitive work
Multiple Barns with Large Parlor(s)
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Growth in Robotic MilkingWorld and US Growth rate has been EXPONENTIAL!!
300+ Farms in US 500+ in Canada
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Robotic Milking: Single Box Systems 50-70 Cows per box“Family Farm” = 4-8 boxes 200 - 500 cows
Robotic Milking
Machine
Robots (and Cows) on Pasture
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DeLaval Automatic Milking Rotary™ (AMR™)24 stalls - 5 arms Cows Rotate, Arms StationaryBatch or voluntary milking
GEA Dairy Pro-Q Rotary Robotic Parlor1 arm per stall Arms rotate with cowsBatch Milking 1 Operator Monitoring Operations
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Manage by Pen or by Cow
The Future?Small Farms with Robotic BoxesLarge Farms with Robotic Boxes
Large farms with Robotic Rotaries
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Future Scenario:Fixed arm rotary
Prep & Attach Zone
Post Dip Zone
What could possibly go wrong?
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Future ScenariosCows / arm
Cows / milking labor
unit
Feed Management
Milking Management
Small Farm - 150 Individual Cow Fixed Interval
Big Farm - 250 Pen Fixed Interval
Robotic Box 60
70
240
480Individual Cow
Variable Interval Unattended
Robotic Rotary Stationary
arms
150
225
250
1000
Individual Cow
Pen
Variable IntervalUnattended
Fixed Interval Attended
Robotic Rotary Moving arms
15
401000 Pen
Fixed Interval Attended
Agricultural Economy in Wisconsin
• 12% of employment• 11% of total income• 16% of industrial sales• Relative importance of agriculture has
diminished as service sector employment has grown
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Market Sector Trends• Strength and Growing – Butter – Dry dairy products – Meat
• Strength & Declining – Cheese
• Weak & Declining– Fluid milk– Ice cream
It’s a World Market
UW Center for Dairy ProfitabilityMark Stephenson, PhDDirector of Dairy Policy Analysis
5/5/17
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Sustained Growth Needs Exports!
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
16%
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016
12MonthRollingAverageTradeasaPercentofSolidsProduced
Exports
Imports
$10
$12
$14
$16
$18
$20
$22
$24
$26
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
16%
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016
Exports&AllMilkPrice
Exports
The Importance of Trade
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0
25,000
50,000
75,000
100,000
125,000
150,000
175,000
200,000
1885
1953
1969
1974
1980
1985
1990
1995
2011
2018
WISCONSIN DAIRY FARMS
1910: 11M US farm workers 2015: 1M US farm workers2008: 14,000 WI hired farm workers
5/5/17
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Shares of cows per size classesDistribution in IFCN standard classes 1996-2014
Herd size change 1996-2014: 2.0 — 1.7 9.0 — 22 72 — 182
Annual %-change in farm number: 2.8% -2.3% -3.4%
Brazil USAIndia
IFCN Projected World milk production growth through 2025Absolute and % change in milk volumes 2025 vs 2014 mill t ECM
ECM- Energy Corrected Milk; 4% fat, 3.3% protein
Africa43%
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5/5/17
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High Impact Trend!
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
18,000
20,000
22,000
24,000
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Pounds ofMilkperCowperYear
Very linear—about 284 pounds per cow per year
Number of Cows
8900
9000
9100
9200
9300
9400
9500
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
U.S.NumberofCows
UW Center for Dairy ProfitabilityMark Stephenson, PhD, Director of Dairy Policy Analysis
A good cow in 1936(8,000 lb/yr, 3600 kg/yr)
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Land Value Pressure on Traditional Dairy Areas
Farms Entering the Information Age
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The Immigrant Labor Situation
Hired Labor Rate $13.30 up 10% in last 5 years
Future ScenariosCows /
armCows /
milking labor unit
Feed Management
Milking Management
Small Farm - 150 Individual Cow Fixed Interval
Big Farm - 250 Pen Fixed Interval
Robotic Box 60
70
240
480Individual Cow
Variable Interval Unattended
Rotary Stationary
arms
150
225
250
1000
Individual Cow
Pen
Variable IntervalUnattended
Fixed Interval Attended
Rotary Moving arms
15
401000 Pen
Fixed Interval
Attended
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17
Cost of Milk Production: Wisconsin • Cost of Production
$27 /cwt• Value of Production
$19 /cwt• COP-VOP
-$8 /cwt
• COP – Operating Cost$3.2 /cwt
• Robotic Milking– Increased Capital cost – Modest decrease in hired labor
• Shift to higher skilled jobs
– Must have increased productivity to be viable
• More milk per cow • Better cow health and longevity• Reduced vet cost, labor turnover
The Cows Appear to Like Them
11/19/18
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Douglas J. ReinemannAssociate Dean: Extension and OutreachProfessor: Biological Systems Engineering
Director: Milking Research and Instruction Lab
100 Years of Milking:From Buckets to Robots