100 Inequalities for the Women of the EU

7/28/2019 100 Inequalities for the Women of the EU

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Here are just 100 o them

1. In 2009, the rate o employment or women in the EUwas 12.1 % lower than the same rate or men inemployment.

2. 31% o employed women in the EU only worked parttime in comparison to a mere 7.4% o men in 2009.

3. The rate or women at risk o poverty in 2007 stoodat 17% compared to 15% or men. When it came to theelderly, the same rate stood at 22% or womencompared to 17% or men (and 34% or single parents).

4. In 2008, the rate or womens unemployment was 0.9%greater than mens.

5. The unemployment rate o migrant women (14%) ishigher than that o migrant men (11.3 %).

6. There are consistently ewer employed women withdisabilities than employed men with disabilities.

7. With more women working in the public sector, theimpact o job losses as a result o the economic crisisand budget cuts is elt more with them than with men.

8. Experiences rom past crises show that mensemployment generally recovers aster than womens.

9. The risk o not being re-employed is higher or

women.

10. Having children aects the employment rates owomen and men dierently. Womens participationin the labour market drops by an average o 12%whereas men participate 9.1% more.

11. In 2008, women with children under 12 had asignicantly lower employment rate than thosewithout, 67% and 78.5% respectively, a negativedierence o 11.5 %.

12. In 2008, men with children under 12 had a signicantlyhigher employment rate than those without, 91.6% vs.84.8%, a positive dierence o 6.8 %.

13. Around 30% o working-age women with careresponsibilities are either economically inactive orwork part-time due to the lack o care services orchildren and other dependent persons.

14. Gender pay and work gaps in ull and part-timeemployment tend to arise between the ages o 25 and35, showing the high impact o amily responsibilitieson emale employment.

15. 84% o men who either have one or more children,or their wie/partner is expecting a child - have neitherconsidered nor taken parental leave. Almost all eligiblemothers make use o their right to parental leave

urther aggravating the gap.

Numerous inequalities exist today

for the women of the European

Union

EIGEEuropean Institute or Gender Equality

vitrigailos 11M I LT-03228 vilnius I Lithuania ITel.: +370 5 239 4140 I www.eige.europa.eu


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16. Employed women spend 39 hours a week on averageon home care activities compared to mens 26 hours.

17. Care responsibilities or adult dependent persons in2005 amounted to almost double in women(12.8 million) than in men (7.6 million).

18. In 2008, the womens employment between the ageso 55-64 was 18.2 % lower than mens, partly becauseo their care responsibilities or adult dependentpersons.

19. Despite spending ewer hours on average in paidemployment, women work more hours than menwhen combining unpaid work (e.g. household chores,childcare, care o elderly and sick amily members,voluntary work) with paid work.

20. Women aged 25 to 44 spend practically three timeslonger than men do on childcare per day (60 minutesor women to 22 minutes or men).

21. Women aged 15-24 work an hour longer every daythan men when preparing ood, washing dishes, andcleaning the house are taken into account.

22. In 2008, women on average were paid 17.5% less thanmen in the EU.

23. Women are over-represented in health care,education and public administration which aregenerally sectors receiving lower salaries than typicalmale proessions.

24. Within the same sector or company, the jobs done bywomen tend to be valued and paid less or.

25. Female entrepreneurs account or only 33.2 per cent osel-employed women.

26. More men than women openly state that they preerselemployment: around 50% o men state this,compared to around 40% o women .

27. Women account or only 36 % o graduates in science,

maths, inormatics and engineering.28. The proportion o emale students (55%) and

graduates (59%) exceeds that o male students, butis lower among PhD students (48%) and PhDgraduates (45%) .

29. The elds o science, mathematics and computing andparticularly engineering, manuacturing andconstruction is characterised by higher numbers omale PhD holders with women representing less than25%.

30. Only 19 % o grade A academic proessors in publicuniversities are women.

31. The proportion o women ull proessors is highest in

humanities and in the social sciences (27% and 18.6%)and lowest in engineering and technology (7.2%).

32. Women represent 39% o researchers in thegovernment sector, 37% o all researchers in highereducation and a mere 19% in the business sector.

33. Female researchers eature in higher proportions insocial sciences, agricultural sciences, medical sciences,and humanities than in engineering and technology, akey research area.

34. On average 32% o scientists and engineers arewomen in the EU-27.35. 59% o university graduates are women, whereas 82%

o ull proessors are men36. Only 13% o institutions in higher education are

headed by women and just 9% o universities are ledby a woman.

37. On average in the EU-27, only 22% o board memberso universities and research institutes are women.

38. In 2004, in primary and secondary schools, over 68%o teachers were women. In contrast to this, inuniversities and in other tertiary-level education,women only made-up less than 40% o teachers.

39. O a total o 543 Nobel prizes and prizes in EconomicSciences awarded since 1901, only 41 have beenawarded to women.

40. On average women have lower pension incomes inthe EU.

41. In 2008, the risk o poverty among elderly womenstood at 22% compared to 16% or elderly men.

42. In 2008, 35% o single parents (mostly single mothers)were exposed to a high poverty risk.

43. Women with disabilities and rom minority ethnicgroups experience higher poverty risks than men,have worse access to employment, education, health

and social services.44. In the majority o EU countries, migrant women in

employment lag behind non-migrant women by asmuch as 30%.

45. Almost two thirds o emale immigrants are activein low-skilled jobs which contribute to restricted rightsand instability as well as creating ewer opportunitiesor upward mobility.

46. Highly skilled migrant women are on average twice aslikely to be employed in low-skilled jobs whencompared to EU nationals with the same level oeducation.

47. All over the world, women ace a higher risk o poverty




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than men. 17 % o women in the EU (compared to 15%o men) live below the poverty line.

48. Poverty risk is on the up amongst women in old agethan or men over 65 (22% or women to 17% or men).

49. Women only make up 35% o members o theEuropean Parliament, and 33% o the EuropeanCommission .

50. In 2010, women accounted or an average o 24% omembers o national parliaments in the EU.

51. On average, an election eaturing 50% o womencandidates would result in a parliament with only 39%women members.

52. Only 2% o ministers are women.53. In decision-making, women currently only occupy 35%

o senior positions within government ministries. Atthe very top level positions, there are merely 26%present.

54. Women lead just one in seven regional assembliesin the EU (14%) and account or less than a third otheir members (30%) .

55. Women with disabilities are under-represented indemocratic processes and decision-making overall aswell as in recreational activities, culture and sport.

56. Amongst the largest publicly listed companies in theEU Member States, 38% have no women on theboards and only 28% have more than one.

57. In 2010, there were only 3% o women presidents incompanies and 12% members o the board odirectors.

58. Only 20% o women were in the highest decisionmaking bodies o the employee representatives in thelargest companies.

59. In the private sector across the EU, women account orless than one third (32%) o business leaders.

60. The governors o all central banks across Europe aremen and the key decision-making bodies comprise83% men and just 17% women.

61. 20-25 % o all women have experienced physicalviolence at least once during their adult lives and morethan 10% have suered sexual violence involving theuse o orce.

62. Violence has serious immediate and long-termimplications or health and psychological and socialdevelopment or women and children . Violencecauses physical damage including incapacity,miscarriages, broken limbs, and cuts and bruises.

63. Sexual oences bring the risk o HIV, sexually

transmitted diseases and orced/unwantedpregnancies.

64. Thousands o women in Europe are killed every yearby partners or ex-partners.

65. Between 40 and 50% o women in the EuropeanUnion report some orm o sexual harassment in theworkplace.

66. 500,000 girls and women in the EU are aected byemale genital mutilation or threatened by this

practice.67. Many older women ace neglect or abuse by carers;they are more likely to be mistreated than older men.

68. The estimated total annual cost o domesticviolence against women in the 27 member states othe EU amounted to almost as 16.000.000.000 in2006.

69. Many women-violence survivors have limited accessto support through specialist services or reuges thatcan meet their needs. Services provided by the stateare oten linked to legal status, ofcial reportingchannels and/or the criminal justice system.

70. Sexual violence still carries among the lowestconviction rates or any crime, and high levels oattrition in the course o investigations andprosecutions.

71. Only 26% o news subjects are occupied by women incontrast to 74% o men.

72. There are our men or every woman who receivenews coverage.

73. In Europe, women are central to a news story only 10%o the time.

74. Only 32% o main TV characters are emale.75. Women athletes only secure between 2-9% o

television airtime devoted to sports.

76. Only 10% o European politicians in the news arewomen.

77. Women make up only 16% o experts and 14% ospokespersons.

78. Women are twice as likely to appear as news subjectsin stories on social issues than in stories on politics orgovernment.

79. 31% stories on newspapers, 40% stories on radio and42% stories on TV are reported by women.

80. Women are more than twice as likely as men to beportrayed as victims.

81. Women represent 27% o the employees or

proessionals shown in adverts.




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82. Adverts showing boys place them outside o thehouse 85% o the time. Adverts eaturing girls placethem more than hal o the time in the home.

83. In advertisements, women are more than twice aslikely to be portrayed (semi-) naked than men.

84. The ashion industry is eroticising increasingly youngergirl models, and adopting the visual images ovulnerability common in pornographic media.

85. 38% o the emale characters in video games are

scantily clad, 23% baring breasts or cleavage, 31%exposing thighs, another 31% exposing stomachs ormidris and 15% baring their behinds

86. Women are more oten valued or their looks, beingar more likely to be portrayed at a young age; 79% owomen portrayed in media are up to the age o 34.

87. In 2000, there were 9.3% women in top managementpositions in the telecommunication industry in theEU and European Economic Area and only 3% owomen journalists were in decision making positions.

88. 62% o women compared to 68% o men use theinternet on average at least once a week.

89. A new record or womens participation in the OlympicWinter Games was set in Vancouver in 2010 where 40%o the athletes taking part were women.

90. Reported discrimination by policewomen in the areao promotion is 14% in Eastern Europe and 26% inwestern Europe

91. 84 % o emale has been working part-time in 2006against 16 % o men.

92. Depression is more common in women then in men(lie time prevalence: 9.4%; 12 months prevalence: 2.8%).

93. It is estimated that 6 in 10,000 European womensuer rom anorexia and 8.5 in 10,000 rom bulimiaand this number is rising.

94. Smoking prevalence is lower in women than in men;however, this gap has been closing in resent years dueto decreasing numbers o men smoking andincreasing numbers o women smoking.

95. The use o tranquilisers and sedative substances ismore common in school-age girls than boys.

96. Women (especially very young women) are morevulnerable to sexually transmitted diseases comparedto men and the consequences are more serious orthem.

97. The average hourly earnings in 24 Member States o theEuropean Union are EUR 8,58 or women and EUR

10,43 or men.

98. The gender gap in the armed orces is enormous: thearmed orces o all Member States are almostcompletely dominated by men. In 2009 7.9% womencompared to 92.1% o men were involved in the armedorces

99. In the diplomatic service o the 22 EU Member States,the EU average is 38% o women.

100. The EU average o women ambassadors is 13.5 %.



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100 Inequalities for the Women of the EU