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Descent with Modification
The EvolutionOf Populations
The Origin of SPECIES
Phylogeny and Systematics
Molecular Genetics
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The branch of biology that names and classifies organisms, originated
by Linnaeus
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What is taxonomy
Continue
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In a snake, these are the remnants of pelvic and leg bones in a snake (historical remnants of
ancestral structures)
What are vestigial organs
Continue
300
Cuvier is the father of paleontology and proposed that the differences he saw in fossils were the result of local
events like floods and droughts. These ideas laid the groundwork for his
“theory” of________________
What is CatastrophismContinue
400
The earliest forms of life on Earth were recorded from fossil deposits dating
from about 3.5 billion years ago. These deposits likely included these
deposits.
What is bacteria
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Charles Darwin was the first to propose the theory of evolution by ______________and provide evidence
What is natural selection
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This is the smallest unit that can evolve.
What is a population
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__________ Structures are body parts that resemble one another in different species that have evolved independently as adaptations to
their environments, whereas _____________structures are body parts that
resemble each other and have evolved from a common ancestor.
Continue
What is analagous; homologous
800
“The long neck of a giraffe is a result of its ancestors continually trying to
reach to higher branches,” was a statement made by this person.
Who is Lamarck
Continue
900
The 3 different types of fats and how to distinguish them.
What is fatty acids on a saturated fat have no double bonds in their hydrocarbon
chains. Saturated fats tend to be solid at room temperature, while unsaturated fats
are liquid.
Continue
1000
The name of the pink molecule.
What are chaperonins (chaperone proteins)
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What are mutation…sexual recombination
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This is the major source of genetic variation in
bacteria…and in animals.
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This is a measure of an individual’s relative contribution to the gene pool
of the next generation
What is fitness
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300
Genetic drift that occurs when only a few individuals colonize a new area
What is founder effect
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What is “any example with same-sex competition for a mate”
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This is an example of intrasexual selection
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In a Hardy-Weinberg population with two alleles, A and a, that are in
equilibrium, the frequency of the allele a is 0.7. This is the percentage of the population that is homozygous for the
“a” allele.
What is 49%
Continue
600
This chromosomal mutation can increase the mass of DNA present in
an organism’s genome creating superflous DNA that may undergo further changes producing entirely
new genesWhat is duplication
Continue
700A population of birds on the coast
range in size from 9-15cm, with the majority of birds being 12 cm. Another population of birds exist on a distant island off the same coastline, but all the birds are 15cm. What is the most
likely explanation for difference in sizes of members of these populations
What is genetic bottleneck or founder effect Continue
800
These are the allele frequencies for the following scenarios: There are a population of 100 rats…40 are TT for long tail, 25 are
Tt, and 35 are tt (short tail)
What is T=105 and t=95
Continue
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These are the five conditions that must be maintained in order for
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium to be maintained
What are 1)very large population, 2)no gene flow or transfer of alleles, 3)no
mutations, 4)random mating, 5)no natural selection Continue
1000
This characteristic is what places mitochondria and chloroplasts in a
separate category from organelles in the endomembrane system.
What are Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain DNA, which encodes some of their proteins.
Also…they are not connected physically or via transport vesicles to organelles of the
endomembrane system. Continue
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This is the function of the accessory pigments.
What is absorption of energy that chlorophyll a does not absorb.
Continue
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During photosynthesis, the __________________produce NADPH and
ATP, while the ____________Cycle produces sugar
What are light reactions/Calvin
Continue
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The isthmus of Panama separates two species of fish that are more closely
related to each other than they are to the other species of fish in the bodies of water in which they exist…this is an example of _______________speciation.
What is allopatric speciationContinue
400
In C3 plants, “this wasteful process” occurs when plants close their stomata on hot days and CO2
concentrations fall. This process makes Rubisco add O2 to RuBP
What is photorespiraton.
Continue
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These “channels” are found in plant cells and allow water and cytosol to
pass from cell to cell.
What are plasmodesmata
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This is the most abundant protein in chloroplasts and is the is enzyme that catalyzes carbon fixation in phase 1 of
the Calvin Cycle
What is rubisco
Continue
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In noncyclic electron flow, the electron “hole” of p700 is filled by _______, and the electron “hole” of p680 is filled by
___________.
What is an electron from p680; an electron from water photolysis
Continue
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This is how ATP synthase gets is energy to generate ADP and inorganic
phosphate from ATP in respiration
What is chemiosmosis of H+
Continue
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Respiration : oxidative phosphorylation and Photosynthesis:
_________________
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What is photophosphorylation
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The function of the third phase of the Calvin Cycle.
What is What is regeneration of CO2 acceptor (RuBP)
Continue
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A yellow pea plant is heterozygous for color is crossed with the recessive
phenotype (green). ________of the 800 offspring could be expected to be
green.
What is 400
Continue
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The assumption that genetic mutations occur at a regular rate over
time is part of this hypothesis.
What is molecular clock
Continue
300
Tall humans usually have tall children, and short parents have short children. But this
is the observation of why adult humans have such a wide range of heights (that fit
a bell curve)
What is height is partially hereditary and appears to exhibit polygenic inheritance with a wide norm of reaction, indicating that environmental factors
have a strong influence on phenotype.
Continue
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What is diploid
Continue
In an alternation of generations life cycle, the sporophyte refers to the
individual that is (haploid / diploid / triploid)
Choose one!
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Independent assortment of homologous chromosomes, crossing
over and random fertilization generate the
What is genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms
Continue
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This is what the haploid number and diploid number for dogs are, since dog
sperm contains 39 chromosomes.
What is haploid is 39 and diploid is 78
Continue
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In
What is photorespiraton
Continue
800
The genotypes (respectively) for a male and female who both have
achondroplasia (dwarfism: under 3.5 feet tall) but have a child of normal
size.
What are Aa, Aa, aa
Continue
900
These are the precise chemical reactions for photosynthesis and
respiration.
What are:
6CO2 + 12H2O C6H12O6 + 6H2O + 6O2
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
Continue
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What is “light provides energy to push e- to the top of the electron chain” (rather than
energy from food molecule oxidation)
Continue
100
“This” stores information, codes for the production of proteins and is found
in all living things
What is DNA
Continue
200
This part of our photosynthesis lab setup was necessary to absorb most of the light’s infrared radiation while
having little effect on the visible radiation.
What is the heat sink
Continue
300
A defective protein has been produced due to an error in transcription, and this is the “molecule” that contains
the error.
What is mRNA
Continue
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The enzyme that unzips the DNA molecule prior to replication is
______________ , whereas _____________records the genetic code
by catalyzing transcription
What are helicase and RNA polymerase
Continue
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DNA replication is described as being ______________, which means that a
replicated DNA molecule is composed of one old strand and one new strand.
What is semi-conservative
Continue
600
These are two examples of accessory pigments that might accompany
primary pigment, chlorophyll a, in the photosystems
What are carotenoids (xanthophylls and carotenes), chlorophyll b, etc.
Continue
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The function of accessory pigments
What is
Continue
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In
What is the unboiled chloroplasts in the light
Continue
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This
What are
Cuvette 2: effect of no light,
Cuvette 3: effect of light,
Cuvette 4: effect of boiling on enzymes,
Cuvette 5: controlContinue
1000
Without
What is use of a “colorimeter” or comparing colors of DPIP over time (from
blue to colorless)
Continue
