1010thth American History American History

Unit II- Becoming a World PowerUnit II- Becoming a World Power

Political, Foreign, Economics and Cultural Political, Foreign, Economics and Cultural Highlights.Highlights.

William McKinley (Republican)

1897-1901 25nd President Election of 1896

Free Silver- Major issue Democratic-Populist Candidate- William Jennings

Bryant v. McKinley (Republican) William Jennings Bryant

Single issue- Free Silver Excellent orator- “Cross of Gold Speech” Appealed to Westerns but not labor or city people Would run for President twice more- never wins.

McKinley Very few Speeches- in favor of “Sound Money” Carried the Urban-Industrial states Would be assassinated.

Leon Czolgosz - Assassin

•Leon Czolgosz, Leon Czolgosz, (pronounced SHOLGUS),the son of the son of Polish-Russian immigrants, was born in immigrants, was born in Detroit, Michigan, in 1873Detroit, Michigan, in 1873

•In 1901, Czolgosz moved to Buffalo, New York, site of the Pan American Exposition. There, In 1901, Czolgosz moved to Buffalo, New York, site of the Pan American Exposition. There, in a receiving line on September 6, he shot President McKinley two times. Although in a receiving line on September 6, he shot President McKinley two times. Although surrounded by fifty bodyguards, Czolgosz was able to walk up to McKinley and fire two shots surrounded by fifty bodyguards, Czolgosz was able to walk up to McKinley and fire two shots at him. Hit in the chest and abdomen, McKinley shouted out "Be easy with him, boys" as at him. Hit in the chest and abdomen, McKinley shouted out "Be easy with him, boys" as secret service agents beat Czolgosz with fists and pistol butts. secret service agents beat Czolgosz with fists and pistol butts.

•Czolgosz--who gave his name to police as Fred Nieman, or Fred Nobody--later stated in Czolgosz--who gave his name to police as Fred Nieman, or Fred Nobody--later stated in reference to his decision to assassinate McKinley, "I didn't believe one man should have so reference to his decision to assassinate McKinley, "I didn't believe one man should have so much service, and another man have none." After a brief trial, Czolgosz was convicted. He much service, and another man have none." After a brief trial, Czolgosz was convicted. He was executed on October 29, 1901. Before being executed on 20th October, 1901, Czolgosz was executed on October 29, 1901. Before being executed on 20th October, 1901, Czolgosz remarked that: "I killed the President because he was the enemy of the good people - the good remarked that: "I killed the President because he was the enemy of the good people - the good working people. I am not sorry for my crime."working people. I am not sorry for my crime."

Theodore Roosevelt

1901-1909- 26th President (Republican)

McKinley’s Death Rough Riders and San Juan

Hill Square Deal Food and Drug Act 1906 Newlands Reclamation Act

1902

Theodore Roosevelt

William Howard Taft

1909-1913- 27th President (Republican) Election of 1912

Taft- 45 indictments against trusts; civil service jobs; million acres to national reserves; protected mineral rights; postal saving banks, 2 new states, 16th amendment (income tax); Dept. of Commerce and Dept. of Labor.

Roosevelt- Good and bad trusts, Issues, Progressives (Bull Moose) and New Nationalism

Wilson- Issues and New Freedom Debs- Socialist Outcome of Election

Woodrow Wilson 1913-1921- 28th

President (Democrat) Leadership Federal Reserve Act

1913 Clayton Anti-Trust Act

1914 Federal Trade

Commission Act 1914 World War I

President Warren G. Harding 29th President 1921-1923 - Republican Post WW I Fears and Headaches- bombs,

Bolsheviks (Red Scare), riots and labor strikes. Foreign Affairs

No League of Nations Washington Conference- Five Power Treaty,

Nine-Power Treaty, and Four Power Treaty- Disarmament

Domestic Affairs- Return to Normalcy Harding Scandals - The “Ohio Gang”

Charles Forbes- Head of Veterans Bureau Jesse Smith- Aide in Justice Department Thomas Miller- Alien Property Custodian Albert Fall- Sec. of the Interior and “Teapot

Dome” Death of Harding- sudden death while still president

Return to “Normalcy”

President Calvin Coolidge 30th President - 1923-1929 Republican

Government and Business- Freedom of business from governmental rules and regulations. “Laissez-faire”. Large businesses were allowed to be created. Country prospered and the Supreme Court favored business over labor.

“The man who builds a factory, builds a temple and the man who works there, worships there.”

Farm Problem- “Farmers have never made money,” he said,”I don’t believe we can do much about it.”

“Silent Cal” “The business of America is business”

ImperialismImperialism Economic reasons-Economic reasons- international trade and international trade and

need for raw materials from Asia, Africa and need for raw materials from Asia, Africa and Latin AmericaLatin America

Military reasons-Military reasons- to defend their shores and to defend their shores and protect their trade interestsprotect their trade interests

IdeologyIdeology 1- Nationalism- enhancing a nation’s power 1- Nationalism- enhancing a nation’s power

and prestige.and prestige. 2- Cultural superiority- Social Darwinists 2- Cultural superiority- Social Darwinists

believed in this. Social responsibility to believed in this. Social responsibility to “civilize” less developed countries.“civilize” less developed countries.

ImperialismImperialism Manifest Destiny- Manifest Destiny- expand westward to the Pacific, expand westward to the Pacific,

and beyond the shorelineand beyond the shoreline HawaiiHawaii- - trade, sugar, trade, sugar, bayonet constitutionbayonet constitution and and

annexationannexation China-China- trade, Treaty of Wanghia 1844- gave U.S. trade, Treaty of Wanghia 1844- gave U.S.

most favored nation status, Sphere’s of Influence, most favored nation status, Sphere’s of Influence, Open-Door Policy and Boxer RebellionOpen-Door Policy and Boxer Rebellion

Japan-Japan- trade, Commodore Matthew Perry, and the trade, Commodore Matthew Perry, and the Treaty of Kanagawa.Treaty of Kanagawa.

Spanish American WarSpanish American War Cuban UnrestCuban Unrest Yellow Journalism Reasons-

Maine Explosion- “Remember the Maine” De Lome Letter U.S. Sugar interests U.S. sympathy to the rebel cause and the evil Spanish Jingoes (Hawks) and the pressure on President McKinley

Outcome Teller Amendment on Cuban Independence and Rough Riders and San Juan Hill U.S. receives Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam and Philippines in exchange it gives Spain $20

million. U.S. now has over seas territories, bases for trade and navy. Annexation of Philippines and three years of revolution. (Independence in 1946) Anti-Imperialist League 1898- imperialism is a violation of the foundation of American

self government. Platt Amendment- Cuba (Guantanamo, Protectorate); Foraker Act 1900- Puerto Rico.

T.R. Roosevelt, Taft and T.R. Roosevelt, Taft and WilsonWilson Roosevelt and Latin AmericaRoosevelt and Latin America

Walk softly and carry a big stickWalk softly and carry a big stick Great White fleetGreat White fleet Helping Panama to get independenceHelping Panama to get independence Building the Panama CanalBuilding the Panama Canal Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe DoctrineRoosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine

Taft’s Dollar DiplomacyTaft’s Dollar Diplomacy Promoting American interests in other countriesPromoting American interests in other countries Using economic power to achieve American policy goals.Using economic power to achieve American policy goals.

Wilson’s Moral DiplomacyWilson’s Moral Diplomacy Rejection of dollar diplomacyRejection of dollar diplomacy Use of persuasion and American ideals to advance the nation’s interest abroad.Use of persuasion and American ideals to advance the nation’s interest abroad.

Wilson and the Mexican RevolutionWilson and the Mexican Revolution President Wilson would not recognize the de facto government of Gen. Huerta Wilson used armed force against Mexico in Veracruz and against Poncho Villa

Rise of tariffsRise of tariffs

U.S. and the Panama U.S. and the Panama CanalCanal U.S. interest in the Canal Offering Columbia $10 million and $250,000

annually. Rejected Panama’s revolution against Columbia Building the Canal

World War IWorld War I “M.A.I.N.E.”- European causes for the war. U.S. neutrality Reasons for the U.S. entrance into the war. America in World War I America in Post World War I

Wilson’s fourteen points Treaty of Versailles League of Nations

Impact of World War I

11stst Red Scare Red Scare Communist revolution in Russia- 1917 and the rise of

the Bolsheviks Fear of the “Reds”- communists who promoted the

violent overthrow of the U.S. government. U.S. Communist parties formed Bombings- through the mail. Palmer raids – deportation and incarceration.

Lingering Effects of World Lingering Effects of World War IWar I War Debts owed to the U.S.

$10 Billion owed by Allies to U.S. Fordney-McCumber Tariff made repayment hard. Reparation payments by Germany

Washington Naval Conference- 4 Power, 5 Power and 9 Power treaties. Agreement to cut back on size of navies Avoid competition for China Ending the Arms Race and establishing Peace?

Kellogg-Briand Pact- high ideals- Peace signed by 60 nations. But no system of enforcement, just a promise.

ProgressivismProgressivism

Square Deal and Theodore RooseveltSquare Deal and Theodore Roosevelt Regulating Big Business- Sherman Anti-Trust Regulating Big Business- Sherman Anti-Trust

and Trust Bustingand Trust Busting 1616thth Amendment - 1913 Amendment - 1913 Taft and the Payne-Aldrich Tariff- supposed to Taft and the Payne-Aldrich Tariff- supposed to

lower tariffs actually raised themlower tariffs actually raised them Wilson’s New FreedomWilson’s New Freedom

Tariff reformTariff reform Banking reform- Federal Reserve SystemBanking reform- Federal Reserve System Anti-Trust Laws- Clayton Anti-Trust ActAnti-Trust Laws- Clayton Anti-Trust Act

What is the Federal Reserve? It manages the countries money system; regulates the banking system; is a bankers bank; and is the government’s bank.

ImperialismImperialism

Why? Economic, Military and IdeologyWhy? Economic, Military and Ideology Manifest DestinyManifest Destiny Hawaii- trade, sugar, Hawaii- trade, sugar, bayonet constitutionbayonet constitution and and

annexationannexation China- trade, Treaty of Wanghia 1844- gave U.S. most China- trade, Treaty of Wanghia 1844- gave U.S. most

favored nation status, Sphere’s of Influence, Open-favored nation status, Sphere’s of Influence, Open-Door Policy and Boxer RebellionDoor Policy and Boxer Rebellion

Japan- trade, Commodore Matthew Perry, and the Japan- trade, Commodore Matthew Perry, and the Treaty of Kanagawa.Treaty of Kanagawa.

Spanish American War- Cuba, Philippines, Guam and Spanish American War- Cuba, Philippines, Guam and Puerto Rico.Puerto Rico.

Panama CanalPanama Canal Taft’s Dollar DiplomacyTaft’s Dollar Diplomacy

World War IWorld War I

Financial ties to the AlliesFinancial ties to the Allies Unrestricted submarine warfareUnrestricted submarine warfare HomefrontHomefront

Mobilizing the economy- industry, food, fuel Mobilizing the economy- industry, food, fuel and suppliesand supplies

Mobilizing workers- National War Labor Mobilizing workers- National War Labor Board, Women, Board, Women,

Paying for the War- Taxes and Liberty Bonds Paying for the War- Taxes and Liberty Bonds (war bonds)(war bonds)

Economic Impact on US and the WorldEconomic Impact on US and the World

Post World War IPost World War I

Labor Strife- difficulties, labor losses and major Labor Strife- difficulties, labor losses and major strikes.strikes.

New Economic EraNew Economic Era Henry Ford, the Assembly line and worker pay.Henry Ford, the Assembly line and worker pay. The effect on industry: competition, productivity, The effect on industry: competition, productivity,

and welfare capitalism.and welfare capitalism. The New Consume: new products, advertising and The New Consume: new products, advertising and

demand, installment paying and credit.demand, installment paying and credit. Weaknesses: many Americans were suffering after Weaknesses: many Americans were suffering after

WWI- farmers, overproduction, low prices, farm WWI- farmers, overproduction, low prices, farm failures, insects, floods, hurricane, etc, brought failures, insects, floods, hurricane, etc, brought economic depression to many parts of the nation.economic depression to many parts of the nation.

Harding and CoolidgeHarding and Coolidge HardingHarding

Cut federal budget and reduced taxes on wealthy (trickle down).Cut federal budget and reduced taxes on wealthy (trickle down). Fordney-McCumber Tariff- high tariff, foreign products went up, Fordney-McCumber Tariff- high tariff, foreign products went up,

American prices went up- hurt farmers and Europeans.American prices went up- hurt farmers and Europeans. Teapot Dome Scandal- Bribes from Oil companies to drill for oil Teapot Dome Scandal- Bribes from Oil companies to drill for oil

in federal oil reserve.in federal oil reserve. CoolidgeCoolidge

““Business of America is business”Business of America is business” Business would help America grow, promote the arts and sciences Business would help America grow, promote the arts and sciences

and fund the charities.and fund the charities. Limited role of government in business.Limited role of government in business. Lowered taxes and reduced the budget.Lowered taxes and reduced the budget. Weakened federal regulations on business.Weakened federal regulations on business.

War Debt- Europe owed the U.S. over $10 billion, but too war War Debt- Europe owed the U.S. over $10 billion, but too war torn and tariffs to high, force Germany to pay more reparations. torn and tariffs to high, force Germany to pay more reparations. U.S. become world’s banker.U.S. become world’s banker.

1920’s1920’s The role of women- work outside the home during WWI. The role of women- work outside the home during WWI.

Economic boom of the 20’s provided jobs for women.Economic boom of the 20’s provided jobs for women.

UrbanizationUrbanization Hard times in agriculture saw people move to cities to get work.Hard times in agriculture saw people move to cities to get work. Rise of the automobileRise of the automobile Increase in eduationIncrease in eduation Industrial growth means rise in earningsIndustrial growth means rise in earnings

Gross Domestic Product- between 1922-1928 grew 30%Gross Domestic Product- between 1922-1928 grew 30% Growth of the automobile industryGrowth of the automobile industry Corporate profits up, unemployment down, welfare capitalism, Corporate profits up, unemployment down, welfare capitalism,

and the ability to purchase new products and servicesand the ability to purchase new products and services Stock Market expansion- Stock Market expansion- False Sense of SecurityFalse Sense of Security

1920’s1920’s

WeaknessesWeaknesses Wealth DistributionWealth Distribution Credit on the Stock Market- buying on marginCredit on the Stock Market- buying on margin Federal Reserve SystemFederal Reserve System

Stock Market CrashStock Market Crash Black Thursday, Black Monday, Black TuesdayBlack Thursday, Black Monday, Black Tuesday GDP dropped almost in 1/2GDP dropped almost in 1/2 Effects of the crash- Individuals, Banks (over Effects of the crash- Individuals, Banks (over

5,000 closed), Business and World Economy.5,000 closed), Business and World Economy.

Immigration History 1800-1910Immigration History 1800-1910

New ImmigrantsNew Immigrants Old Immigrants- 1800-1880- Northern and Old Immigrants- 1800-1880- Northern and

Western EuropeWestern Europe New Immigrants- 1880-1910- Southern and New Immigrants- 1880-1910- Southern and

Eastern Europe as well as Japanese and Chinese.Eastern Europe as well as Japanese and Chinese. Why did they come?- Economic, Political and Why did they come?- Economic, Political and

Religious.Religious. Ellis Island and Angel Island.Ellis Island and Angel Island. Prejudice against immigrantsPrejudice against immigrants

Urban American LifeUrban American Life

Different Classes- Different Classes- Wealthy, middle class and Wealthy, middle class and working class.working class.

Tenements and Settlement HousesTenements and Settlement Houses

Political Scandal and ReformPolitical Scandal and Reform

City Government- Scandal and ReformCity Government- Scandal and Reform Political Machines and Machine BossesPolitical Machines and Machine Bosses Tammany Hall in New York- Boss TweedTammany Hall in New York- Boss Tweed Credit Mobilier Scandal and President GrantCredit Mobilier Scandal and President Grant President Arthur and Civil Service ReformPresident Arthur and Civil Service Reform

Farmer’s Reform MovementFarmer’s Reform Movement

Late 1800’s crop prices falling, farm debt rising, costs Late 1800’s crop prices falling, farm debt rising, costs rising; a need for farmers to organize.rising; a need for farmers to organize.

Order of the Patron’s of Husbandry- National GrangeOrder of the Patron’s of Husbandry- National Grange 1887- Interstate Commerce Act.1887- Interstate Commerce Act. Populist Party- coalition of farmers, labor leaders and Populist Party- coalition of farmers, labor leaders and

reformers.reformers. Silver v. Gold issueSilver v. Gold issue

Segregation and DiscriminationSegregation and Discrimination

Jim Crow Laws and LynchingJim Crow Laws and Lynching Plessy v. FergusonPlessy v. Ferguson (1896) = separate but equal. (1896) = separate but equal. Booker T. WashingtonBooker T. Washington W.E.B. Du Bois and the N.A.A.C.P.W.E.B. Du Bois and the N.A.A.C.P. Other groups who face discrimination- Other groups who face discrimination-

11) Hispanic Americans) Hispanic Americans 2) Asian Americans2) Asian Americans 3) Native Americans3) Native Americans

ProgressivismProgressivism Reforming SocietyReforming Society

Progressives- reform movementProgressives- reform movement MuckrakersMuckrakers Housing reformsHousing reforms Civil rightsCivil rights WorkplaceWorkplace

National Child LaborNational Child Labor Limiting women’s workdayLimiting women’s workday Minimum Wage laws.Minimum Wage laws. Courts and Labor Laws- Courts and Labor Laws-

1905 - “Lochner v. New York”- supreme court did not allow 10 hour workday for bakers1905 - “Lochner v. New York”- supreme court did not allow 10 hour workday for bakers 1908 - “Muller v. Oregon”- Supreme Court upheld law guaranting 10 hour workday for women.1908 - “Muller v. Oregon”- Supreme Court upheld law guaranting 10 hour workday for women. ““Bunting v. Oregon”- 10 hour workday for men in mills and factories.Bunting v. Oregon”- 10 hour workday for men in mills and factories.

The Triangle Shirtwaist fireThe Triangle Shirtwaist fire Unions- Industrial Workers of the World- unskilledUnions- Industrial Workers of the World- unskilled

Reforming GovernmentReforming Government City government- Commision system, Council-Manager system.City government- Commision system, Council-Manager system. State Government- Electoral reforms, commissions on railroads, utilities, transportation, State Government- Electoral reforms, commissions on railroads, utilities, transportation,

civil service and taxationcivil service and taxation 1717thth Amendment- direct election of Senators. Amendment- direct election of Senators. Initiative, Referendom and \Recall.Initiative, Referendom and \Recall.

Opportunities for WomenOpportunities for Women

EducationEducation Employment Employment Children’s Health and WelfareChildren’s Health and Welfare ProhibitionProhibition

WCTU- Women’s Christian Temperance Union.WCTU- Women’s Christian Temperance Union. Carrie NationCarrie Nation 1818thth Amendment Amendment

1818thth Amendment- Prohibition Amendment- Prohibition Civil Rights- campaigning against poverty, segregation, lynchings Civil Rights- campaigning against poverty, segregation, lynchings

and Jim Crowe Lawsand Jim Crowe Laws Women’s Suffrage and Anti-Suffrage argumentsWomen’s Suffrage and Anti-Suffrage arguments

Reform- Late 1800’s and early Reform- Late 1800’s and early 1900’s1900’s Children’s health and welfareChildren’s health and welfare ProhibitionProhibition Civil Rights and black womenCivil Rights and black women Women’s SuffrageWomen’s Suffrage Trust Busting and regulating big businessTrust Busting and regulating big business Consumer ProtectionConsumer Protection Environmental conservationEnvironmental conservation 1919thth Amendment- 1920 Amendment- 1920 Civil Rights under Roosevelt, Taft and Wilson- Brownsville Civil Rights under Roosevelt, Taft and Wilson- Brownsville

Incident.Incident.

ImperialismImperialism

Cultural superiority over the under-developed (backward) nations.

Social Darwinism- brother’s keeper, social responsibility to “civilize” the less developed.

Desire to bring Christianity, western style culture and democracy to other (backward) peoples.

T.R. Roosevelt’s Square DealT.R. Roosevelt’s Square Deal

Coal Strike of 1902 and TR threatens to send in the Coal Strike of 1902 and TR threatens to send in the troopstroops

Each person to get a square deal no more, no less.Each person to get a square deal no more, no less. Limiting power of trusts, promote public health and Limiting power of trusts, promote public health and

safety and improve working conditions.safety and improve working conditions. Trust Busting and Regulating the Railroads.Trust Busting and Regulating the Railroads. Protecting Consumers- Muckrakers, Meat Inspection Protecting Consumers- Muckrakers, Meat Inspection

Act, and Pure Food and Drug Act.Act, and Pure Food and Drug Act. Environmental ConservationEnvironmental Conservation

Presidents’ Taft and WilsonPresidents’ Taft and Wilson

William H. TaftWilliam H. Taft Created Dept. of LaborCreated Dept. of Labor 1616thth Amendment- Income Tax Amendment- Income Tax

Wilson- New FreedomWilson- New Freedom Tariff, Banking, and Anti-Trust ReformTariff, Banking, and Anti-Trust Reform Women Gain the right to vote- 19Women Gain the right to vote- 19thth Amendment Amendment

ImperialismImperialism

Hawaii Sugar interests- Sanford B. Dole Bayonet constitution King Kalakaua and Queen Liliuokalani Annexation

Spanish-American War Yellow Journalism Jingoism Philippines, annexation and rebellion Roosevelt and Rough Riders

Anti-Imperialists Spanish-American War

Homefront in World War IHomefront in World War I Mobilizing the EconomyMobilizing the Economy

Regulating IndustryRegulating Industry Regulating FoodRegulating Food Regulating FuelRegulating Fuel Supplying the troopsSupplying the troops

Mobilizing WorkersMobilizing Workers National War Labor BoardNational War Labor Board Women’s war effortsWomen’s war efforts African American movement and employmentAfrican American movement and employment Influenza Epidemic (Pandemic)Influenza Epidemic (Pandemic) Winning American supportWinning American support

Committee on Public InformationCommittee on Public Information PropagandaPropaganda Anti-German Feeling and American PatriotismAnti-German Feeling and American Patriotism Limiting Antiwar SpeechLimiting Antiwar Speech Schenck v. United States (1919)- Supreme court limits freedom of speech.Schenck v. United States (1919)- Supreme court limits freedom of speech.

Post War HavocPost War Havoc

1918-1919 Pandemic- world wide influenza 1918-1919 Pandemic- world wide influenza epidemic- killed 10 times more Americans than epidemic- killed 10 times more Americans than did WWI.did WWI.

11stst Red Scare- rise of Bolsheviks, communism, Red Scare- rise of Bolsheviks, communism, fear, bombs, Palmer raids and deportation.fear, bombs, Palmer raids and deportation.

Labor Problems- Workers unhappy after Labor Problems- Workers unhappy after WWI, Unions lost members and political WWI, Unions lost members and political power, and there were major strikes.power, and there were major strikes.

Limiting ImmigrationLimiting Immigration

Competition for jobs after WWI, and the Red scare Competition for jobs after WWI, and the Red scare caused anti-immigration feelings.caused anti-immigration feelings.

Nativists- mostly Protestant Christians and Labor Nativists- mostly Protestant Christians and Labor leaders targeted new immigrants and asked for leaders targeted new immigrants and asked for immigration restrictions.immigration restrictions.

Immigration control- National Origins Act, Nativism, Immigration control- National Origins Act, Nativism, KKK revival (native white supremacy)KKK revival (native white supremacy)

Sacco and Vanzetti- Italian immigrants, anarchists, Sacco and Vanzetti- Italian immigrants, anarchists, tried for murder or political ideas?tried for murder or political ideas?

New Economic Era- 1920’sNew Economic Era- 1920’s

Henry Ford- revolutionizes industryHenry Ford- revolutionizes industry Assembly lineAssembly line Effect on IndustryEffect on Industry

competition helped the automobile industry grow. competition helped the automobile industry grow. Other industries learned- assembly line, productivity went up.Other industries learned- assembly line, productivity went up. Welfare Capitalism- companies provide benefits to employees Welfare Capitalism- companies provide benefits to employees

to promote worker satisfaction and loyalty.to promote worker satisfaction and loyalty. Effect on SocietyEffect on Society

Demand is up for all types of products.Demand is up for all types of products. Boom in midwestern citiesBoom in midwestern cities Cities grew and so did suburbs- transportationCities grew and so did suburbs- transportation Tourist industry grew.Tourist industry grew.

New Economic Era- 1920’sNew Economic Era- 1920’s

New Consumer- New Consumer- New Products for the homeNew Products for the home ElectricityElectricity Radio connected the worldRadio connected the world Public transportation, and passenger airlines.Public transportation, and passenger airlines. Advertising created a demanAdvertising created a deman New ways of paying- credit and installment buying.New ways of paying- credit and installment buying.

Weakness of EconomyWeakness of Economy Many American suffered during the 20’sMany American suffered during the 20’s Farmers- demand was low, competition from Europe high, farm Farmers- demand was low, competition from Europe high, farm

failures, debt, tariff, and nature- weather and insects.failures, debt, tariff, and nature- weather and insects. The Nation desires to return to NormalcyThe Nation desires to return to Normalcy

American Life Changes- 1920’sAmerican Life Changes- 1920’s New Roles for WomenNew Roles for Women

Opportunities New Family Roles The Flapper

Effects of UrbanizationEffects of Urbanization Conflicts over ValuesConflicts over Values

Fundamentalism Scopes Trial- Teaching of Evolution and Creation Science- Bryan and Darrow Prohibition- 18th Amendment

Organized crime- like Al Capone Bootleggers Speakeasies

Harlem RenaissanceHarlem Renaissance African Americans during and after WWI W.E.B. Du Bois and Marcus Garvey Renaissance of art in Harlem- writer, poets, artists, musicians and performers..

A New Popular Culture is born- 1920’sA New Popular Culture is born- 1920’s

Mass EntertainmentMass Entertainment RadioRadio MoviesMovies

Era of HeroesEra of Heroes Film Stars- Charlie Chaplin, Rudolph Valentino, Clara Bow, Film Stars- Charlie Chaplin, Rudolph Valentino, Clara Bow,

Mary Pickford, and Douglas Fairbanks.Mary Pickford, and Douglas Fairbanks. Charles A. Lindbergh- transatlantic flight.Charles A. Lindbergh- transatlantic flight. Amelia Earhart- 1Amelia Earhart- 1stst women across the Atlantic, was lost women across the Atlantic, was lost

trying to fly around the world.trying to fly around the world. Sports Heroes- Ruth, Grange, Wills, Jones, etc.Sports Heroes- Ruth, Grange, Wills, Jones, etc.

Arts of the 1920’s- F. Scott Fitzgerald, Sinclair Lewis, Arts of the 1920’s- F. Scott Fitzgerald, Sinclair Lewis, Edna St. Vincent Millay, Hemmingway, George Edna St. Vincent Millay, Hemmingway, George Gershwin (music)Gershwin (music)