10 Rules of Photo Composition

11/04/13 9:30 AM10 rules of photo composition (and why they work) | Digital Camera World

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Search Digital Camera World Search10 rules of photo composition (and why they work)

10 rules of photo composition (and why they work)jmeyer | Photography Tips | 12/04/2012 16:33pm5 Comments

In photography, its not just what you shoot that counts the way that you shoot it is crucial, too. Poor photo composition can make a fantastic subjectdull, but a well-set scene can create a wonderful image from the most ordinary of situations. With that in mind, weve picked our top 10 photocomposition rules to show you how to transform your images, as well as offered some of our best photography tips from the experts who do it on adaily basis.

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Dont feel that youve got to remember every one of these laws and apply them to each photo you take. Instead, spend a little time practising each onein turn and theyll become second nature. Youll soon learn to spot situations where the different rules can be applied to best effect.

Photo composition doesnt have to be complicated. There are all sorts of theories about the Rule of Thirds and more complex Golden Mean, forexample. But if you pay too much attention to strict formulae, your photos will lose any kind of spontaneity.

In the real world, youll be working with a wide range of subjects and scenes, and this requires a more open-minded approach. What works for onephoto wont necessarily work for another.

The key thing is to understand how all the decisions you make about composition can affect the way a shot looks and how people perceive your photos.The way you frame a shot, choose a focal length or position a person can make all the difference (check out our Photography Cheat Sheet series forquick fixes to some of these problems).

Technical know-how is very important in photography, of course, and even in some aspects of photo composition. But to take great shots you needvisual knowledge too. Here are 10 key things to look out for

10 rules of photo composition (and why they work)

Photo Composition Tip 1: Simplify the scene

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Image copyright Jure Kravanja

When you look at a scene with your naked eye, your brain quickly picks out subjects of interest. But the camera doesnt discriminate it captureseverything in front of it, which can lead to a cluttered, messy picture with no clear focal point.

What you need to do is choose your subject, then select a focal length or camera viewpoint that makes it the centre of attention in the frame. You cantalways keep other objects out of the picture, so try to keep them in the background or make them part of the story.

Silhouettes, textures and patterns are all devices that work quite well in simple compositions.

Why it works

Photo Composition Tip 2: Fill the frame

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When youre shooting a large-scale scene it can be hard to know how big your subject should be in the frame, and how much you should zoom in by.In fact, leaving too much empty space in a scene is the most widespread compositional mistake (learn how to Replace boring skies in Photoshop).It makes your subject smaller than it needs to be and can also leave viewers confused about what theyre supposed to be looking at.

To avoid these problems you should zoom in to fill the frame, or get closer to the subject in question. The first approach flattens the perspective of theshot and makes it easier to control or exclude whats shown in the background, but physically moving closer can give you a more interesting take onthings (see our list of Digital camera effects from A-Z).

Why it works

Photo Composition Tip 3: Aspect ratio

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Image copyright Andy Lea

Its easy to get stuck in a rut and take every picture with the camera held horizontally. Try turning it to get a vertical shot instead, adjusting yourposition or the zoom setting as you experiment with the new style. You can often improve on both horizontal and vertical shots by cropping the photolater.

After all, it would be too much of a coincidence if all your real-life subjects happened to fit the proportions of your camera sensor. Try cropping to a16:9 ratio for a widescreen effect, or to the square shape used by medium-format cameras.

Why it works

Photo Composition Tip 4: Avoid the middle

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Image copyright Piriya Pete Wongkongkathep

When youre just starting out, its tempting to put whatever youre shooting right in the centre of the frame. However, this produces rather static,boring pictures. One of the ways to counteract this is to use the Rule of Thirds, where you split the image up into thirds, both horizontally andvertically, and try to place your subject on one of these imaginary lines or intersections. This is an overrated approach, though.

Instead, move your subject away from the centre and get a feel for how it can be balanced with everything else in the scene, including any areas ofcontrasting colour or light. There are no hard and fast rules about achieving this kind of visual balance, but youll quickly learn to rely on your instincts trust that youll know when something just looks right.

Why it works

Photo Composition Tip 5: Leading lines




Image copyright Fernand Hick

A poorly composed photograph will leave your viewers unsure about where to look, and their attention might drift aimlessly around the scene withoutfinding a clear focal point. However, you can use lines to control the way peoples eyes move around the picture.

Converging lines give a strong sense of perspective and three-dimensional depth, drawing you into an image. Curved lines can lead you on a journeyaround the frame, leading you towards the main subject.

Lines exist everywhere, in the form of walls, fences, roads, buildings and telephone wires. They can also be implied, perhaps by the direction in whichan off-centre subject is looking.

Why it works

Photo Composition Tip 6: Use diagonals





Horizontal lines lend a static, calm feel to a picture, while vertical ones often suggest permanence and stability. To introduce a feeling of drama,movement or uncertainty, look for diagonal lines instead.

You can need nothing more than a shift in position or focal length to get them wider angles of view tend to introduce diagonal lines because of theincreased perspective; with wide-angle lenses youre more likely to tilt the camera up or down to get more of a scene in.

You can also introduce diagonal lines artificially, using the Dutch Tilt technique. You simply tilt the camera as you take the shot. This can be veryeffective, though it doesnt suit every shot and is best used sparingly (see our 44 essential digital camera tips and tricks).

Why it works

Photo Composition Tip 7: Space to move

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Image copyright Max Earey

Even though photographs themselves are static, they can still convey a strong sense of movement. When we look at pictures, we see whats happeningand tend to look ahead this creates a feeling of imbalance or unease if your subject has nowhere to move except out of the frame.

You dont just get this effect with moving subjects, either. For example, when you look at a portrait you tend to follow someones gaze, and they needan area to look into (check out our Free portrait photography cropping guide).

For both types of shot, then, there should always be a little more space ahead of the subject than behind it.

Why it works

Photo Composition Tip 8: Backgrounds

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Image copyright John Powell

Dont just concentrate on your subject look at whats happening in the background, too. This ties in with simplifying the scene and filling the frame.You cant usually exclude the background completely, of course, but you can control it.

Youll often find that changing your position is enough to replace a cluttered background with one that complements your subject nicely (find out howto Fix background distractions in 3 steps). Or you can use a wide lens aperture and a longer focal length to throw the background out of focus.

It all depends on whether the background is part of the story youre trying to tell with the photo. In the shot above, the background is something thatneeds to be suppressed.

Why it works

Photo Composition Tip 9: Creative with colours

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Bright primary colours really attract the eye, especially when theyre contrasted with a complementary hue. But there are other ways of creating colourcontrasts by including a bright splash of colour against a monochromatic background, for example. You dont need strong colour contrasts to createstriking pictures, though (find out How to conquer high contrast with auto-exposure bracketing).

Scenes consisting almost entirely of a single hue can be very effective. And those with a limited palette of harmonious shades, such as softly litlandscapes, often make great pictures.

The key is to be really selective about how you isolate and frame your subjects to exclude unwanted colours.

Why it works

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Photo Composition Tip 10: Breaking the rules

Image copyright John Powell

Photo composition is a little like a visual language you can use it to make your pictures pass on a specific message. However, just as we sometimesuse the written word to create a deliberately jarring effect, we can do the same with photos by breaking with standard composition conventions.

Doing it by accident doesnt count, though! Its when you understand the rules of composition and then break them on purpose that things start to getinteresting. Its often best to break one rule at time, as John Powell does in the image above.

Just remember: for every rule we suggest, somewhere out there is a great picture that proves you can disregard it and still produce a fantastic image!

Why it works

READ MORE




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Posted on Thursday, April 12th, 2012 at 4:33 pm under Photography Tips.

Tags: action photography, hot, landscape photography, photo ideas, portrait photography, still life photography, wildlife photography

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5 Comments

1. Harald_Sejersted says:

April 12, 2012 at 8:19 pm

This is great, give us more of this!

2. kodaki says:

May 29, 2012 at 11:33 am

great tips simple but really enlightening ;]

3. Roblex says:

October 4, 2012 at 6:47 pm

..and the best picture of them all is the last one , the one that ignores the rules Not a criticism, it was a good explanation of the various thingsto be considered and you are right to tell people that they should be considered but not be followed slavishly.

4. Roblex says:

October 4, 2012 at 6:50 pm

I have seen Powells picture before, I believe it was accompanying a stage play review though I cant remember which one. It would not haveworked without the man but with him there it is a fantastic picture.

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5. aryadin says:

February 23, 2013 at 3:24 pm

Great ones! Picture pointers were real good to elaborate. Thanks.

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