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8/8/2019 10 Psych Notes 1-17
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10-psych-notes-1-17 1/2
Psychology Notes pg. 1-17
Chris Wu
Psychology: the science that seeks to understand behavior and mental processes and to
apply that understanding in the service of human well-being.
• Some psychologists focus on studying negative behavior and mental processes
while others study what goes right (positive psychology)
• Biological psychologists (physiological psychologists) use high tech scanningdevices to study how biological processes in the brain and other organs affect, and
are affected by, behavior and mental processes.
• Developmental psychologists describe the changes in behavior and mental processes that occur from birth through old and age and try to understand the
causes and effects of those changes.
• Cognitive psychologists (experimental psychologists) study mental abilities such
as sensation and perception, learning and memory, thinking, consciousness,
intelligence, and creativity.o Applications of cognitive psychological research include: engineering
psychology —aka human factors like computer keyboards, mobile phones,
internet websites, etc. are made more logical and easier to use
• Personality psychologists study similarities and differences among people. Use
tests, interviews, and other methods to compare individuals on characteristics.
• Clinical and counseling psychologists conduct research on the causes of mentaldisorders and offer services to help troubled people overcome their disorders.
• Community psychologists work to ensure that psychological services reach the
homeless and others who need help but cannot seek it. Also work with communityleaders and neighborhood organizations to improve stressful conditions, which
would otherwise often lead to disorders.• Health psychologists study the effects of behavior on health, as well as the
effects that illness has on people’s behavior and emotions. The research isapplied in programs to help people cope with their illnesses.
• Educational psychologists conduct research and develop theories about teaching
and learning. The research is applied in programs like teacher training andrefining school curricula.
• School psychologists traditionally specialized in IQ testing, diagnosing learning
disabilities and other academic problems, and setting up programs to improvesstudents’ achievement and satisfaction in school. Today they are involved in
activities such as early detection of students’ mental health problems and crisis
intervention following school violence.
• Social psychologists study the ways that people think about themselves and
others and how people influence one another. Research has been applied to
public health campaigns.
• Industrial/organizational psychologists study leadership, stress, competition, pay scales, and other factors that affect the efficiency, productivity, and
satisfaction of workers and the organizations that employ them.
8/8/2019 10 Psych Notes 1-17
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• Quantitative psychologists develop and use statistical tools to analyze vast
amounts of data collected by their colleagues in many other subfields.
• Sport psychologists use visualization and relaxation training programs to helpathletes with anxiety, focus attention, and other changes to help better their
performance.
• Forensic psychologists assist in jury selection, evaluate defendants’ mentalcompetence to stand trial, and deal with other issues involving psychology and the
law.
• Environmental psychologists study the effects of the environment on people’s behavior and mental processes.