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ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
Proceedings of International Seminar on
Research Potentials Palembang 20-22 October 2011
Council Rector of Indonesian State University (CRISU) and the Council of University President of Thailand (CUPT)
A Muslim (Indonesia) Herlinda (Indonesia)
Nurly Gofar (Malasyia) Melanie Boursnell (Australia)
K T Tantrakarnapa (Thailand) Judhiastuty Februhartanty (Indonesia)
nanlartl (Indonesia) Najrnah (Indonesia)
l~~HU (Indonesia)
Publisheci by Sriwijaya 1)niv~rsity Cooperation Council of Rector of Indonesian University (CRISU)
The Council of President of Thailand (CUPT)
YYlrJiWUProceedings ofthe International 20-22 October 2011 1II
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
Copyright 2011 by Sriwijaya University
All rights Publish in Indralaya JgtJH
Reproduction or translation of any part of this Proceedings beyond
permitted by Sriwijaya University Copyright without permISSIon the copyright owner is unlawful Requests permission or further information
should be addressed to Sriwijaya University
Sriwijaya J1 Palembang-Prabumulih Km Ogan Ilir Indralaya Indonesia
Telephone +627115800695801 580645 facsimile +62711580664
Proceedings of the International Seminar on Exploring Research Potentials Palembang 20-22 October 2011
The Council of Rector ofIndonesian State University (CRISU) and the Council of University of Thailand (CUPT)
ISBN 978-979-9893
ofthe International Seminar October 2011 IV
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
FOREWORD
Dear
Minister for National Education Ambassadors Thailand for Indonesia Ambassadors of
Indonesia for Thailand all The Council of Rector State University
(CRISU) and of Thailand Government of South
Sumatra and Palembang City and The 6th cruSU-CUPT Conference International Seminar and Exhibition
On behalf Sriwijaya University as Host University would like to extend my wannest welcome to all of the participant of The 6th Conference International
held on October 2011 at Sriwijaya with the p~prrh Potentials
There will be many challenges and opportunities in higher education in the Asean Community in the next decade considerable significant will from the The
CRlSU-CUPT Conference International Seminar and Exhibition The previous CUPT conferences have sigficantly the relationships and come up with very fruitful C1ISCUS~SlOgtn in various of colIaboration and cooperation global global
mobility academic and 5th was held in Mai Thailand on July 2010 and appointed Sriwijaya the 6th conference
The 6th CRlSO-CUPT rnnTPrpnpp u)ltuuu with not only include the the but also will include
international Seminar and Exhibition This conference therefore might come up with more fruitfull conclusion and np ~~ commitment among participants
With we and sponshorship n any govermental as well as private conference appreciation is also handed to committe of the conference for any voluntarily that bring to the suCces
and by about 600 participants I hope you enjoy the beauty of Pal em bang City as one of the oldest Indonesia which is 1318 years old vast
also have culture and
Palembang October 2011 Chairperson
Dr MRA Rector of Sriwijaya University
ofthe International Seminar Palembang October 2011 v
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Foreword 111
Table of Contents IV
Papers of Keynote Speakers I Mental Illness In Australia (Dr Melanie Boursnell University ofNewcastle XVI
Australia)
2 Chemical Toxicology towards humans health and EHIA (Environmental Health xxvi Impact Assessment) in Thailand (ProfKraichat Tantrakarnapa Faculty of Public Health Mahidol University Thailand)
3 Nutrition transition in Indonesia (DR Ir Judhiastuty Februhartanty MSc xxxvii SEAMEO RECFON Indonesia Indonesia University)
4 Cancer Genetic And Environmental Causes And Risk Factors VI
(profDato Dr MS Lye University Putra Malaysia)
5 Accelerating Diversification In Food Consumption Based on Indigenous Resources VI
as An Alternative Action To Support Food Security In Indonesia (prof Drllindit Pambayun MP Sriwijaya University Indonesia)
Papers of Presenters A Food Security
1 Diversity Domination and Distribution Of Rice Stem Borer Species and it Interaction with Egg Parasitoids in Various Land Typology in Jambi (Viiyl1st Siti Herlinda2
Chandra Irsan Yulia Pujiastuti2 Agriculture Faculty ofJambi University Faculty ofAgriculture Sriwijaya Universi y)
2 Land Suitability for Elaeis Guineensis Jacq Plantation in South Sumatra Indonesia 10 (M Edi Armantol2 MA Adzemi2
Elisa Wildayana1 MS Imanudin1
SJ Priatna and GiantoJ Faculty ofAgriculture Sriwijaya University South Sumatra Indonesia 2Faculty ofAgrotechnology and Food Science (FASM) UMT Terengganu Malaysia 3Forestry Delineation Agency Department ofForestry Indonesia)
3 From Economic Valuation to Policy Making in Forest Conversion for Elaeis 19 Guineensis Jacq Plantation (Elisa WiJdayanal M Edi Armantol and MA Adzeme I Faculty of Agriculture Sriwijaya University Indanesia2Faculty afAgrotechnalagy and Food ampien9r (FASM) UMT Termgganu Malaysia)
4 Floating Agriculture Model from Bamboo for Rice Cultivation on Swamp Land At 27 South Sumatra (Siti Masreab Bernas Siti Nurul AF and Agung Maulana Sail Science Program Study and Low Land Management Field Agricultural Faculty Sriwijaya University )
5 The Responsiveness of Jambi Rice Acreage to Price and Production Costs 34 (Edison Faculty afAgriculture Jambi University Indonesia)
Proceedings ofthe International Seminar Palembang 20-22 October 2011 VI
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
6 as an Indicator of and Non Agricultural Labor Market Distortions In Indonesia Error Correction Model (ECM) Approach
Andy Mulyana3 Amruzi Minha3 Nurlina Tarmizi3
of Agriculture Sriwijaya University Indonesia)
40
7 Predator Aphis gossypii on Vagetable at Low Land areas in South Sumatera (Khodijab Haperidab Nunilabwati Dewi Medalima Faculty ofAgriculture Sriwijaya University Indonesia)
49
8 Population and Attack Sativae (Diptera Agromyzidae) and Interaction with Parasitoid on Tomato Cropping in Lowland of South Sumatra
Herlinda M Yunus Vmar Yulia Pujiastuti and Rosdab Thalib Chandra Irsan Plant Pest and Disease Department ofAgriculture r11AJ1TllEJ
University)
9 ofPalm Fruit Plantation And Cattle to Improve Production (Armina Fariani Arian Abrar and Gatot Muslim Animal Science Department Faculty Srtwijaya University)
66
10 Application of Penicillium spp Produced in Waste Materials to Control Neck Root Rot by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacco on Chili (A Muslim Sari Eka Permata Harman Hamidson Program Study Agroecotechnology Faculty ofAgriculture Srtwijaya University)
70
II Purification and Characterization Collagenase from Bacillus licheninformis FII4 BaebakjI Maggy TSuhartono2
Sukarno Dabrul Syabl Azis uJ~~alJ1 Setyabadtl and Friedheim Meinhardt4
IDepartement HnVTUltS Product Technology Faculty ofAgriculture Sriwijaya University 2Faculty
ofAgricultural Bogor Agricultural University JAgency for the Assessment and Application ofTechnology Republic 4Institute for Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology University Germany)
75
12 Biological Reproduction Menochilus Sexmaculatus (F) Predator Chili (Aphis From Central Vegetable At Low Areas Sumatera
(Haperidab NuniJabwati Dewi Meidalima dan Kbodijah Agriculture Faculty ofSriwijaya University Indonesia)
84
13 Study in Province
(Ketut Sukiyono Bambang Sumantri Nusril And Evanila Silvia ofagricultural socio -- economics Faculty ofAgriculture Bengkulu University)
91
14 PUmtClinic Driving Farmers Partners ~Cbandra Irsan Suwandi A Muslim sm Herlinda Department ofPlant Pests and Diseases ofAgriculture Sriwijaya University)
98
15 The Role ofBlotechnology In Overcoming the World Food Crisis (Suranto Department ofBiology FacultY ofNatural Sciences and MathematicshyUNS-Solo)
104
16 Impact ofInnovation Acceleration of Paddy Conunodities ornp(IntpIT In Musi
at 110
(Yanter Hutapea and Tumarlan Thamrin South Sumatra Assessment Institute for Technology Indonesia)
rn)C~ealn~gt~ ofthe International Olm1gt1nr 20-22 October 2011 vii
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
17 Performance of Several Area in South Sumatra (Tumarlan Thamrin Assessment Institute for
18
Lines of Tolerant Rice to Iron Tidal Swamp 116
Rice in South Sumatra to the 122
(Tumarlan Tbamrin Imelda Assessment Institute for
Waluyo dan Syahri South Sumatra Or1YU1lnCTlJ Indonesia)
19 The Dynamics ofIron (Fe) Solubility As a Result of Sulphate Acid Reclamation and the Way to
Ratmini dan Arifin Fahmi South Sumoera Assessment Agricultural Technology Indonesia)
128
20 ofIntegrated Farming rpTn 137
Ratmini dan Herwenita VrJfIlf7Jrlll Technology lrJ
Sumatera Assessment
21 of Erosion on Different Use in the Region Upstream Area (Das) Komering South Sumatra _
Priatnal MEdi Dinar DA Putranto2
Edward Robiyanto HS I Niken Suhesti 1 and SN AidiJ Fitril 1Faculty ofAgriculture
University South Sumatra Engineering Sriwijaya South Sumatra Indonesia lmWllesra
144
B nVilronrnlental and Climate Change
22 As Saccharide Source 151
Content ofMotor ofOrigin On Soil And Semambu Km 22 Highways - Palembang
aDI[)leon Dwi Probowati S Marji Putranto Faculty ofAgriculture
161
24 Using The Forest Zone Through The Low Carbon Development for The Welfare of the Society (Using the Forest
Welfare of the Orround r711T7HV Faculty
Qt(~mlanf Indonesia)
the Low Carbon
Sriwijaya
25 of the Sweet Corn IJHaLJVH and Terracing
~~fYHJ Kcwjlty
mays var saccharata) as result
26 Stilbenes from Heardwood ofMortIS Nigra and Cytotoxicity j 79 (Ferlinahayati11
Hakim2 Yana M Syah2
Lia D Juliawaty2 Jalifah Latip IDepartment Chemistry Faculty of and Natural Sciences Sriwijaya Product Research ofChemistry lnstitut JSchool ofChemical Technology
Proc(edings ofthe nai~lOJF1at Seminar Palembang lt-ult- 2011
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
Faculty of Science and Technology Malaysia) 27 Several Plant to Polluted Condition in the City J 84
(ES Halimi and Dian Agustina Department ofAgroecolechnoiogy of Agriculture Sriwijaya University)
28 Diversity in Pulokerto River Sumatra A 189 Preliminary Results (Hilda Zulkifli Doni Setiawan and Indra Yustian Department ofBiology Faculty Sriwijaya University)
29 Vegetational Structure and Composition in Pulokerto Island Musi 195 Palembang South (Indra Yustian dan Hilda Zulkifli ofBiology Faculty Sriwijaya University)
30 Change Plant Cd 200 (Nurhayati Department ofPlant Pest and Disease UrT1JII1J1V Faculty Sriwijaya
31 Biophysical Characteristics ofTailings Deposition Area and Its Contribution to 206 Growth -
(Yuanita Windusaril Robiyanto Hendro Susantol Zulkifli Dahlan2Wisnu SusetyoJ And Indra Yustian2
Doctoral student ofEnvironmental Science and ofMathematic and Sciences Faculty ofSriwijaya University of
Environmental Sciences Programme Sriwijaya University and Supervisor 3Senior Advisor PT Indonesia and Supervisor commission)
32 Biodegradation of Petroleum Hydrocarbon by and Consortium of 212 Bacteria Petroleum Polluted Areas
(Hary Widjajantil Iswandi Nuni MobRasyid Ridho lAgricutural Science ofthe Graduate Program ofSri wi jaya University)
C Education and Others
33 and Model Solar 221 (a lot~)
(Yuwana Bosman Sidebang and Evanila Silvia Department ofAgricultural Faculty ofAgriculture
34 Proposes ofImplementation of Sustainable Subgrade on 228 South Sumateni By Combustion PrOducts as Achmad FauziJ
Usama Jnniansyah Fauze Wan Mohd Nazmi3
3 The Faculty ofCivil and Earth Malaysia pjn Malaysia 2FacultyofCivi and Institut Teknologi Bandung Indonesia)
35 Green Pavement by Modified Asphalt as 236 Replacement and Earth Malaysia
(Wan Mohd Nazmi and Wan Abdul Rahman Wan Wan Idris and Achmad Abdul Wahab Faculty and Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak Gam bang
Proceedings ofthe International 20-22 October 2011 ix
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
36 of Coal Mining Activity (Syaifudin Administration Faculty Social and
Science Program University
and Restn Juniah2) Sriwijaya
242
37 250
38 Chemical Compound Of Gout (Elfita1 Sciences) University)
259
39 3-0XO from the Stem Bark of Manggu (Garcinia cornea) (Mubarni Handi Department oChemistry Faculty and Natural Science Sriwijaya University Indralaya South Sumatera Indonesia)
265
40 Antioxidant Flavonoids runjuk Langit (Helminthostacys Zaylanica) (Fitrya 1 Mubarnil dan Eliza Department oChemistry University Sriwijaya)
271
41 The Industry Characteristic and View their Influence On Relations In Indonesian Industry (Explorations From Three Case Studies) (Hendragnnawan John Lewer Hasanuddin
276
42 Competitiveness Telecommunications (Kesi Widjajanti Hrll1JIJl
indonesiai -
Enterprises (Soes)
LJLfJIfL Semarang University PI1nr-nn
289
43 Prospects and ChaIlenges Indonesia (Daryono Udan
Introduction ofOpen Educational Resources in Olivia Idrus)
299
44 Research Collaboration on Assurance Open and Distance Asia (Endang Nugraheni Aminudin Zuhairi Universitas Terbuka lnaones
306
45 Fast Ship Serving South to West (Muhammad Albam Djabbar and Andi Haris Mubammad
nYE)TYngtM Department Hasanuddin University MlIIWSScrr lflU(JneIulJ
313
D Public Healtb and Medical Science
Exposure and Kersana Sub District Brebes
Siwiendrayanti Public Semarang State University)
on Childbearin~-A~e Women in
Department Sport Science Faculty
316
International October 2011 x
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
47 Factors Related to The Occurrence Low Back Pain Complaints On 325 Care Center PT Telekomunikasi
Tbk Year 2010 (Yuli M Farid Harnzens Juniar Tri State 15lamic University Syarif Hidayalullah Jakarta)
48 Relation Work Risk Factors with Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) 334 ofGold Miner Workers In Cilograng-Banten on 2010 (YuH Raibana Nadra Alkaff Eudang Bukbori State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta)
49 Effect of Rehydration Solutions on Fatigue Among Women Workers 343 (Mardiana Departement Sport Science Semarang State University)
50 The Association between Risk L~A RULA and Musculoskeleatal 349 Symptom among Workers in a Printing Manufacturing Company Malaysia (Me Foong 2A Mobd Yusof IB Mobd Rafee and lAA Abmad J Department ofCommunity Health Medicine and Health Sczemes University Putra Malaysia )
51 Productive Work Time Lost Because OfEmployee Behaviour in Wood 356 Industry in Jepara District Central Java (Nurjanab1
Zabrob SbaJubiyab2 Bagoes Widjanarko2
JMasterStudent Health Promotion Program ofHealth Faculty ofDian Nuswantoro University Semarang ofHealth Promotion Program ofDiponegoro Semarang)
52 Quality and Water Borne at The Lowland in 366 (Dianita Ekawati1
Tan Malaka1 Robiyanto MT Kamaluddin Dwi
SetiawanJ Amar Muntaha1
i J)cpartment BinG Husada 30131 Indonesia 2Medicine ofSriwijaya University 3Agriculture Faculty ofSriwijaya University
53 Measuring Escherichia Coli in Foods And Beverages Towards Certification of 381 Cafeteria Campus (Dewi Susanna M Indrawan1
Zakianis1Tris Eryando Fitria Kartika A Dimarsetiot ~===~ iFacuity Health InlrrW7f Student Public Health SP1PYIP Indonesia University Indonesia)
54 Adverse Handling to Woman Child (WCA) in 385 Area (ImeJda Gernauli Purba Faculty ofPublic Sriwijaya
University Indonesia)
55 Comparative Analysis of Occupational Safety and Risk Management I--rnm-rltlrn at Indonesia and National University of (Anita CameIia Faculty ofPublic Health University ofSriwijaya Indonesia)
56 Analysis of oflead (Pb) in semen and sperm motility at the Laboratory of 406 Medkal Biology Faculty of University of Sriwijaya (Nani Sari Murnit Tan Malaka dan M Zulkarnain1
2Faculty Medicine OfSriwijaya University)
International October 2011 Xl
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
57 Protective Equipment With 432 Disorders Wood Furniture Workers In Kecamatan lndralaya and
Kecamatan Indralaya Utara 2011 (Herliawati Christine Sihaloho Nursing Sience Study
Medicine Sriwijaya University Indonesia)
58 Value ofChildren as Determinants Nutrition on The Environment 438 Vulnerable Sociocultural Nutrition (Village Pecuk District Mijen Demak Central Java) (Oktia Woro Kasmini Department ofPublic Health ScienCes FlK UNNES
59 ofRhodamine B Coolde ofTraditional Food (Study at Pasar 445 Tanjung of Jeurombeuror Reurogeuroncy) (Khoiron Astri Rizky Vitantina Rabayu Sri Pujiati Departemenl Environmental and Occupational Health amp Sqfety Faculty ofPublic Health University ofJember)
60 In 453 Badung District ofBaH Province (putu Widarini School ofPublic Health Udayana University)
61 Diet nutrition and the prevention of cervical cancer 459 (Ciptaningtyas R State Islamic Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta)
62 The Correlation Between Macro Nutrient Consumption and Physical Activities With 472 Overweight Among Children In School
at Jember Yusi Ratuawati Sulistiyani Dwinda Prianton Public Health Faculty
Jember University)
63 Correlation of family participant with nutrition status ofchildren under five years 477 old in village work area III north ueIlpasar (Ni Ketut Sutiari Lub Sudiasih I Agung Ayu Mabayuningsih School ofPublic Health Faculty ofMedicine Udayana University)
64 Does Birthweight Related With Chronic Diseases In Adult Life 488 (Suci Destriatania Faculty ofPublic Health University ofSriwijaya Indonesia)
65 Breastfueding Mother On Teens At Work Area Center 492 Year 2011
(Bina Melvia ofMedicine Nursing Science Study Programmiddot UNSRl)
66 The Effect ofMatemal Nutrition Anemia towards Low Birth 502 (Rini Mutahar Mis naniarti Fatmalina Srfwijaya University InlOnSlll
67 Relationship with Diarrhea In 508H1v1UvH
School Children (Fatmalina Indah Purnama Sari Public Sriwijaya University Indonesia)
Proceedings ofthe International Seminar October 2011
978-979-98938-5-7
68 Between and Lifestyle with prevalence In 513 medicine Moehammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang the Year 2011 (Nikson Sitorus Desti Widiastuti Health Polytechnic ofPalembang
69 Incident in Banyuasin Multilevel 519 Modelling Approach (Rismala Kesuma Kamaluddin Ngudiantoro Ibrahim Tjek Suryadi Departement ofPublic Health STIKES Darul Ma arifAl Baturaja
70 Factors Pap SmearIva Test among Women at 2 35 Years in 524 Denpasar Who Diagnosed Cancer At Hospital 2011 (Ni Luh Putu Suariyani Regina Chrysautie School ofPublic Health
ofMedicine Udayana University)
The Difference of Urinary Iodine (UEI) Increase between 531 With and Without Ascariasis Administration of
(Galuh Nita Prameswari Public Health Departement Sport Science Faculty Semarang University)
72 Analysis ofDeterminants ofTuberculosis In The Workers at PT Perkebunan 541 Nusantara XII (persero) (Anita Dewi Prahastuti Sujoso Ria Nuri Estu Karisma Irma Prasetyowati
ofEnvironmental and Occupational Safety of ofJember)
73 Risk Factors at dr Hospital of lember District- East 549 (NimaJ Baroya Pudjo Wahjudi Annisa Reykaningrum Public Faculty
University
74 Hip Structure Associated with 560 Osteoporosis Study (GOS) Data (Margaret Henry L J Department QfClinical and Biomedical Sciences The University QfMelboume Australia ofPublic Health Sriwijaya University Kampus Unsri Indralaya flir Sumaera Indonesia 3 School ofPopulation Health
University ofMelbourne Australia)
75 The Mellitus Risk Factors in Bangka (Titi Sari Renowati Amar Muntaba Dianita Environmental Health Laboratory and Disease Control Palembang Indonesia)
Vera 569
76 of Knowledge and about 580 With Attitudes From Indonesian People To People Living With Aids (PLHA)
Of SDKI 2007) Indonesia 2010 (Yeni Najmah IDni Mutahar ofPublic Health Sriwijaya University Indonesia)
77 of Epidemiologic of Filariasis in Sub-District of Tangkuno of Southeastern Sulawesi in 2009 (Ramadhan Devi Savitri Effendy Public Health Department of
Proceedings International Seminar Palembang 2011 xiii
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
Mathematics and Natural Sciences ofHaluoleo University Kendari) 78 Injecting Drug Users Not Needle 599
And Syringe Program InPalernbangSouth Sumatera (Najrnah Faculty Health University Indonesia)
79 The Use of Salivary A-Amylase And Symptoms Questionnaires as 605 lU-Vl For Distress Breast Cancer (Yong Zubaidah JO Saidi M Zalilab MS Yong HY and Zailina H Universiti Putra MalaySia Malaysia)
80 Self-Concept in Behavior of Chickens (Ayam Kampus) In 619
(Eti Rimawati Health Faculty Universitas Dian Nuswantoro)
81 Relation Intercourse among University 626 Students In Bandar Lampung (Roro Rukmi Windi Perdani Faculty ofMedicine University Lampung )
82 of Posyandu Information System of 635 Maternal and Child (Case at Manisrejo Urban Village Taman District in Madiun City Java Province) (Abu Health ofJember)
83 Health Reform as a Result of Decentralization Policy in Bali 641 Ayu Indrayatbi Pande Putu School Health Medicine
Faculti ofUdayana University)
84 The Relationship between Mix and University Interest in 647 Public Health Science Program Medicine Andalas
University 2011 (IsniatiSyahriaJVonicha Regia ofMedicine Andalas University)
85 Healthy Behavior-Based Development Model to a Free Larvae by irntnnnt Health In The Eastern District
(Nizwardi Azkha Rizanda Machmud ofMedicine Universitas Andalas pu7nYIo Indonesia)
86 Care Seeking Behaviour of Community and Tb 670 Nonformal (Nurul IslamyJ Haris
87 on Sexual Behavior in Adolescent at Seberan~ U1u Area 677
(Iche Andriyani Liberty Nur Alarn Fajar Elvi Sunarsih Faculty of Public Sriwijaya University Indonesia)
ofthe International Seminar 2011
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
88 Review Implementation Of The 564MENKESSKNlJ1I2006) (Iwan Stia Budi Faculty ofPublic
Desa (Kepmenkes No 684
89 The Study of Desa Siaga In (Misnaniarti Asmaripa Ainy Nur Alam Sriwijaya Indonesia)
Ilir District Faculty Health
690
90 Behavior Toward Methadone Maintenance Therapy 2010
697
(Tri Novia Kumalasari Faculty ofPublic Health Sriwijaya University Indonesia)
91 Who Have Tantrums Toddler Cbodijab Abdul Qudus Eka Fitri School
Faculty ofMedicine Sriwijaya Indonesia)
705
92 Factors that Influence the Behavior of Male Adolescence Smokers at Junior School Jakarta (Cicilia Nony Budi Sulistyowan Wuryastun School ofHealth Science Sin Carolus)
714
93 Stratification ofPublic For at Urban and Rural Areas in Indonesia (Ari hnany Rusilanti and Sachriani Home 111pound7gtfn State University Indonesia)
718
723
Name and of Presenter International 726
Proceedings ofthe International Seminar Palembang 20-22 October xv
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
BIODEGRADATION OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON BY SINGLE AND CONSORTIUM OF HYDROCARBONOCLASTIC BACTERIA FROM PETROELUM
POLLUTED
Hary Widjajanti1 Iswandi Anas2
Nuni Gofar MohRasyid Ridho3
1Student of Doctoral Program at the of the Graduate Program of Sriwijaya University haryunsriyahoocom 2 Bogor Agricultural Institute 3Sriwijaya University
The study on the biodegradation of hydrocarbons by a single culture and a of hydrocarbonoclastic 1lgtItP11 from mangrove areas contaminated -Vl
done The study to test bacteria isolate in aeJraOlTlg hydrocarbons to cnalfacten potential bacterial isolate uwq
petroleum hydrocarbon to hydrocarbonoclastic in biodegrading petroleum biodegradation test was
conducted by using a Out the isolates of bacteria that ae~ralatllon ability were selected isolates were further Cn~lIajtelnz~~a identified and made into a consortium combination of3 (three) 1lgttP11 LV biodegradation tests were conducted by combinations of a consortium 3 (three) replications Observed number of bacteria and np1prnlgt(TP of TPH (Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon) Five of the 29 bacterial v which have a high ability in rInrrarl
Bacillus aminovorans Pseudomonas alcaligenes (5304) (~1 ~~4) 8cuillys 8cl(illY~1i sphqeriqus vqr culture ofhydro carbo no clastic consortium which is capable highest percentage of 9186 ofAlcaligenes faecalis Pseudomonas Bacillus aminovorans
Key words blOae~rru1at1 hydrocarbonoc1astic bacteria llIau areas
INTRODUCTION terms of SOClOeCOinOlnlC
including their as a barrier to coastal windbreaker content in the air and pollutants in vuraquouou
2006) The mangrove South Sumatra and Bangka Belitung cover an area of
of which are in damaged condition 1 1 1 ha damaged and ha (1411) are not damaged 2006) quantitatively u from to year because of the land conversion for industrial residential and transportation forest area has decreased quantitatively for~its have also environmental degradation to example in the areas in South Sumatra especially the area and Upang areas are the areas of Watershed (DAS) of Musi
shipping Jm~s for oil fields Oil pollution in the
ofdrilling producing refming and ll the P9rt llg th~
mangrove ecosystem with the most severe
Seminal Palembang 212
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
waste oil in the waters can be carried out means of physical and
~ioltgilt~l P~y~c~ a1_~ chemical methlt~s (ire u~ual more eXj)efsive~ T1lt~ envir0l1111 entally friendly application can create new problems Therefore an alternative effort waste oil which relatively cost and does not cause any negative impact on aquatic
is The treatment is handling waste biologically method of biological treatment of waste oil is bioremediation LUU
which on degradation by means of degrading is an friendly way which is effective efficient and environmentally acceptable (Mangkoedibardjo 2005 and Syakti 2004)
Widj aj anti et al (2008) had found 29 hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria petroleum contaminated mangrove area All isolates can grow in oil contaminated environment and can used oil as carbon source but quantitatively their to degrade petroleum hydrocarbon still unknown as a so must potency in hydrocarbon
bacteria used in treating waste oil have higher if used as a or a mixed (Alpentri et al Mukred ei Oil-degrading
microbes not work as individual species but in form of consortium (Mangkoedihardjo 2005) According to Sanchez (2006) the consortium is a group microbes which are beneficial to one and carry out by which individual can not do According et al (2001) the of biodegradation of hydrocarbons to perfection cannot possibly be by only one type of microbe but it is always done by a set of
fate of is mote mixed ctirure compared with single cultures
study aims to 1) test ability of rlP[)TIrllta petroleum 2) IdentifY potential bacterial isolate petroleum
hydrocarbon 3) obtain a potential consortium hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria in biodegrading petroleum hydrocarbons
culture by filling the sourceofN
with a tJ~r Soeminarti liquid medium mixture was adjusted to pH 7 (Modification of Okoh amp Trejo 2006) treatment unit is on a shaker with a speed of 120 rpm at room temperature 7
(M11kred et aL 20()8) Of the 29 bacterial whose potential in degrading petroleum hydrocarbons are tested 5
isolates with the LIlt capability are five isolates highest ability will made into 1 0 of bacterial cultures with consortium-__-- -- -_ - _ - -
3 (three) conducted 3 (three)
Characterization and of hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria The characterization identification are on five hydrocarbonoclastic
l~rTr1~ with high ability Morphological characters of the bacteria being includes the growth plate Nutrient (NA) tilt NA medium and straight NA medium Cell morphology
iIiclldcent~ lirldCcentll cMiI1~ of Gram tfIld the ap~eIicentcent encloS1Pories (Pikoli e aI 2000) The characterization of physiological and biochemical properties
fat casein the glucose sucrose illdole ure~ Voges-Proskampler
the amp Sherman 1 isolates omaUleo
characterization (19942~ _ _ - -
PNYceedfngs 213
ISBN 978b 979b 98938-5b 7
Petroleum hydrocarbons biodegradation by 10 com binations of culture consortium Thi~ stage ma~i~J1 a curve of bacteria which is prepared by fol
Hadioetomos method (1990) is then followed making of curves consortium of and bacterial culture consortium standard curves
Experiments are prepared by using a of treatment of the 3 (three) of the 5 of bacteria with the
capability so are 10 (ten) treatments each ofwhich is (three) times The bioreactor biodegradation by is made by the same procedure in
bacterial but incubated for 14 days The observations measured are cell number the percentage of of petroleum hydrocarbons The C01Jntmg
of the nnmber of the is measured by a spectrophotometer (at wavelength 1 = l~ri into the equation of mixed culture (Hadioetomos
percentage of of hydrocarbons is Nugroho (2006) the weight loss of
the testing treatment showed of degradation occurred (ANOV A) at a of 005 is performed on data obtained the observations
there is a significan Well it will (l further New Multipl~ (DNMRT) Statistics Program-6
AND DISCUSSION
Petroleum bydrocarbon biodegradation by single culture bacteria The of the ability tests of the 29 bacterial in degrading petroleum hydrocarbons and
s~lection 5 (five) species (lOd molds with the capabilities are presented in Table 1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 iL 12 13 14
5016
4998 4978
23 24 25 26 27 28 29
3876
3525
Characteristerization and identification 5 (fIVe) species of h~fP1i~ Of of 5 species of with the highest
capability are used to create a mixed formula namely B25 (Bacillus aminovorans) (Pseudomonas alcaligenes) B20 (Alcaligenes jaecalis) (Bacillus cereus) (Bacillus
spbaricus var rotans) (Table 2) is in accordance and Colwell (1990) 200 bacteria that can degrade on the sea important areAchromobacter Acinetobacter Arthrobacer
Proceedings ofthe International Semfnar Palembang 20-22 214
combination
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
Petroleum hydrocarbons biodegradation by consortium culture bacteria
of a consortium of bacterial culture significantly bacteria and the percentage of oil degradation The bacterial population
10 (ten) a combination of bacterial culture consortium is pn~sentea
positive spore prodme spore produGe spore
Motifity Motile Non motile Motile Motile Non motile
Positive Positive Positive Negative Negative Negative Negative
Positive Positive Positive Negative Positive Pnsitive Negative
-Glucose Fermentation Negative Positive Negative Positive -Sucrose Fermentation Negative Negative Positive -Lactose Fennentation Negative Negative Negative
Negative Negative Negative -lntloll Production Negative Negative Negative -Urease Produktion Negative Negative Negative -Catalase Production Positive Positive Positive Positive Negative -Metyl red test Positive Negative Negative Negative
Proskauer test Negative Positive Negative -TSl test Negative Positive Positive
test Positive Positive Positive Negative -Nitrat reduction Positive Positive Positive
c-ereus aminavorans sPhaericus
of bacteria influences the number ofbacteria due awgeOly due to a synergistic interaction
bullt+1shy T1 are grown together in a single QmallUltIveJy different from the
Qelnmern m~dium
var rotans~ This is due to a - -~ - vrlPTTl
(1998) cell growth is at Pseudomonas causes an aS5oCIatlOn
Il~ility ~C ~lllt cC~~iIlllt~on of tlllt cannot be done alone The hydrocarbon source can be derived from a fraction of the breakdown of the breakdown of hydrocarbons by the other bacteria
Proceedings ofthe International Seminar Pal embang 2011 215
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
bacteria requires a specific substrate Some bacteria interact beneficially with each other in the form of consortium
The percentage of biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons is greater by using consortia of bacterial culture compared to usmg a single cuiture This is because the bacteria used in degrading waste oil typically have higher ability if used as a consortium culture Consortium cultures have a more complete profile of enzymes than a single culture According to Mukred et al (2008) hydrocarbon compounds which are iighter and simpler can be degraded earlier at an early stage by a
Table 3 The average bacterial population and the percentage of petroleum degradation of to combinations of consortium cultures
No Consortium cultures Bacterial population (cfumL) Petroleum degradation () 1 B24 + B25 + B29 19107 a 9113 cd
72 Bzl + Bz4 + Bz9 2910 b 8995 abed 3 B20 + B21 + B24 37107 e 9004 abed 4 B20 + B25 + B29 39107 c 8962 abc 5 B21 + B24 + Bzj 51107 d 9059 bed 6 B20 + B24 + B25 52107 de 9152 d 7 B20+B21+B29 57107 de 8881 a 8 B20+B24+B29 62107 de 8979 abc 9 B21+ B25 +B29 66107 ef 8952 ab 10 B20 + B2l + B25 81107 f 9186 d
Notes the numbers followed by the same small letters on the same column show no signIficance difference according DNMRT (a = 5) B20 Alcaligenes jaecalis B2l Pseudomonas alcaligenes 824 Bacillus cereus 825 Bacillus aminovorans B29 Bacillus sphaericus var rotans
bacterial culture then the compounds which have not been degraded in the early stages are degraded by the second culture and so on According Kanaly amp Harayama (1995) and Nugroho (2006) the composition of complex compounds such as petroleum hydrocarbons cause a single species of bacteria to be unable to degrade all the components of petroleum because each species of bacteria require a specific substrate Some bacteria which interact mutually beneficially with one another in the forin of a consortium have a highly beneficial role during the degradation process of petroleum hydrocarbons
The combination treatment of consortium culture which produces high percentage of degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons is a combination of AlcaTigenes jaecalis Pseudomonas alcaligenes and Bacillus aminovorans Alcaligenes faecalis Bacillus cereus and Bacillus aminovorans l Pseudomonas alcaligenes Bacillus cereuss and Bacillus aminovorans Pseudomonas alcaligenes Bacillus cereus and Bacillus aminovorans Alcaligenes jaecalis Pseudomonas alcaligenes ana Bacillus cereUS SeqUentiallY the aVerage percentages of degradation of perroletiili hydrocarbons are as follows 9186915291139059 and 9004 (Table 3) It is allegedly due to the fact that the genus Bacillus Pseudomonas and Alcaligenes are able to degrade petroleum hydrocarbons from low molecular weight to high molecular weight resulting in a high percentage of degradation According to Alexander (1977) genus Bacillus and Pseudomonas are capable of degrading petroleum hydrocarbons with low molecular weight such as ethane propane and butane and the petroleum hydrocarbons with high molecular weight such as aromatic hydrocarbons phenol naphthalene and antrasena According to Atlas amp Bartha (1998) the genus of Pseudomonas can grow and degrade petroleum hydrocarbons chain CW C36 According to Desai amp Vyas (2006) the genus Bacillus Pseudomonas and Alcaligenes are able to degrade saturated hydrocarbons monoaromatic hydrocarbons and polyaromatic hydrocarbons According to Zhu et al (2004) the genus Pseudomonas and Alcaligenes are bacterial consortium cultures which are able to degrade the components of petroleum hydrocarbons alkanes with carbon chain C20-C25 Presumably because of the differences in the ability of each genus in degrading petroleum hydrocarbons so that the hydrocarbon components of the low the medium and the high molecular weight can be degraded According to
hnceedings othe Internatioiwi Serrrindr Palembang 2()22 October 2011 216
Santoso DSB2006Hasil inventarisasi dan identifIkasi mangrove Prnnini
Kepulauan Belitung Buku I (buku PT Multima Krida P MMuiyono D dan ESantoso 2002 sulfonat
dalam bioremediasi limbah bumL 11(011
EKardena Ratnaningsih and Wisjnuprapto 2006 Improving the efectiveness of crude-oil hrlrultgtrlrAn hrlraquo1ltgtt1gtru employing Azotobacter Chroococcum co-inocuJant Faculty of Padjadjaran University 1-16 AD200S Multi-proses remediasi dalam penanganan (Oil di perairan laut dan
pesisir Seminar Bioremediasi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Mulawarman 16 MRRldho2008 RehabilitaSi Hutan Mangrove Studi Modeling Bioremediasi
Mengj~unakm Agen untuk Bahan di Hutan Mangrove Wilayah Propinsi Sumatera Selatan
Zhu X ADVenosa amp MT Suidan 2004 Literature review on the use of commercial bioremediation for clean up ofoil-contaminated estuarine environments EPAJ6001R-04075
October 218
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
Copyright 2011 by Sriwijaya University
All rights Publish in Indralaya JgtJH
Reproduction or translation of any part of this Proceedings beyond
permitted by Sriwijaya University Copyright without permISSIon the copyright owner is unlawful Requests permission or further information
should be addressed to Sriwijaya University
Sriwijaya J1 Palembang-Prabumulih Km Ogan Ilir Indralaya Indonesia
Telephone +627115800695801 580645 facsimile +62711580664
Proceedings of the International Seminar on Exploring Research Potentials Palembang 20-22 October 2011
The Council of Rector ofIndonesian State University (CRISU) and the Council of University of Thailand (CUPT)
ISBN 978-979-9893
ofthe International Seminar October 2011 IV
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
FOREWORD
Dear
Minister for National Education Ambassadors Thailand for Indonesia Ambassadors of
Indonesia for Thailand all The Council of Rector State University
(CRISU) and of Thailand Government of South
Sumatra and Palembang City and The 6th cruSU-CUPT Conference International Seminar and Exhibition
On behalf Sriwijaya University as Host University would like to extend my wannest welcome to all of the participant of The 6th Conference International
held on October 2011 at Sriwijaya with the p~prrh Potentials
There will be many challenges and opportunities in higher education in the Asean Community in the next decade considerable significant will from the The
CRlSU-CUPT Conference International Seminar and Exhibition The previous CUPT conferences have sigficantly the relationships and come up with very fruitful C1ISCUS~SlOgtn in various of colIaboration and cooperation global global
mobility academic and 5th was held in Mai Thailand on July 2010 and appointed Sriwijaya the 6th conference
The 6th CRlSO-CUPT rnnTPrpnpp u)ltuuu with not only include the the but also will include
international Seminar and Exhibition This conference therefore might come up with more fruitfull conclusion and np ~~ commitment among participants
With we and sponshorship n any govermental as well as private conference appreciation is also handed to committe of the conference for any voluntarily that bring to the suCces
and by about 600 participants I hope you enjoy the beauty of Pal em bang City as one of the oldest Indonesia which is 1318 years old vast
also have culture and
Palembang October 2011 Chairperson
Dr MRA Rector of Sriwijaya University
ofthe International Seminar Palembang October 2011 v
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Foreword 111
Table of Contents IV
Papers of Keynote Speakers I Mental Illness In Australia (Dr Melanie Boursnell University ofNewcastle XVI
Australia)
2 Chemical Toxicology towards humans health and EHIA (Environmental Health xxvi Impact Assessment) in Thailand (ProfKraichat Tantrakarnapa Faculty of Public Health Mahidol University Thailand)
3 Nutrition transition in Indonesia (DR Ir Judhiastuty Februhartanty MSc xxxvii SEAMEO RECFON Indonesia Indonesia University)
4 Cancer Genetic And Environmental Causes And Risk Factors VI
(profDato Dr MS Lye University Putra Malaysia)
5 Accelerating Diversification In Food Consumption Based on Indigenous Resources VI
as An Alternative Action To Support Food Security In Indonesia (prof Drllindit Pambayun MP Sriwijaya University Indonesia)
Papers of Presenters A Food Security
1 Diversity Domination and Distribution Of Rice Stem Borer Species and it Interaction with Egg Parasitoids in Various Land Typology in Jambi (Viiyl1st Siti Herlinda2
Chandra Irsan Yulia Pujiastuti2 Agriculture Faculty ofJambi University Faculty ofAgriculture Sriwijaya Universi y)
2 Land Suitability for Elaeis Guineensis Jacq Plantation in South Sumatra Indonesia 10 (M Edi Armantol2 MA Adzemi2
Elisa Wildayana1 MS Imanudin1
SJ Priatna and GiantoJ Faculty ofAgriculture Sriwijaya University South Sumatra Indonesia 2Faculty ofAgrotechnology and Food Science (FASM) UMT Terengganu Malaysia 3Forestry Delineation Agency Department ofForestry Indonesia)
3 From Economic Valuation to Policy Making in Forest Conversion for Elaeis 19 Guineensis Jacq Plantation (Elisa WiJdayanal M Edi Armantol and MA Adzeme I Faculty of Agriculture Sriwijaya University Indanesia2Faculty afAgrotechnalagy and Food ampien9r (FASM) UMT Termgganu Malaysia)
4 Floating Agriculture Model from Bamboo for Rice Cultivation on Swamp Land At 27 South Sumatra (Siti Masreab Bernas Siti Nurul AF and Agung Maulana Sail Science Program Study and Low Land Management Field Agricultural Faculty Sriwijaya University )
5 The Responsiveness of Jambi Rice Acreage to Price and Production Costs 34 (Edison Faculty afAgriculture Jambi University Indonesia)
Proceedings ofthe International Seminar Palembang 20-22 October 2011 VI
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
6 as an Indicator of and Non Agricultural Labor Market Distortions In Indonesia Error Correction Model (ECM) Approach
Andy Mulyana3 Amruzi Minha3 Nurlina Tarmizi3
of Agriculture Sriwijaya University Indonesia)
40
7 Predator Aphis gossypii on Vagetable at Low Land areas in South Sumatera (Khodijab Haperidab Nunilabwati Dewi Medalima Faculty ofAgriculture Sriwijaya University Indonesia)
49
8 Population and Attack Sativae (Diptera Agromyzidae) and Interaction with Parasitoid on Tomato Cropping in Lowland of South Sumatra
Herlinda M Yunus Vmar Yulia Pujiastuti and Rosdab Thalib Chandra Irsan Plant Pest and Disease Department ofAgriculture r11AJ1TllEJ
University)
9 ofPalm Fruit Plantation And Cattle to Improve Production (Armina Fariani Arian Abrar and Gatot Muslim Animal Science Department Faculty Srtwijaya University)
66
10 Application of Penicillium spp Produced in Waste Materials to Control Neck Root Rot by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacco on Chili (A Muslim Sari Eka Permata Harman Hamidson Program Study Agroecotechnology Faculty ofAgriculture Srtwijaya University)
70
II Purification and Characterization Collagenase from Bacillus licheninformis FII4 BaebakjI Maggy TSuhartono2
Sukarno Dabrul Syabl Azis uJ~~alJ1 Setyabadtl and Friedheim Meinhardt4
IDepartement HnVTUltS Product Technology Faculty ofAgriculture Sriwijaya University 2Faculty
ofAgricultural Bogor Agricultural University JAgency for the Assessment and Application ofTechnology Republic 4Institute for Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology University Germany)
75
12 Biological Reproduction Menochilus Sexmaculatus (F) Predator Chili (Aphis From Central Vegetable At Low Areas Sumatera
(Haperidab NuniJabwati Dewi Meidalima dan Kbodijah Agriculture Faculty ofSriwijaya University Indonesia)
84
13 Study in Province
(Ketut Sukiyono Bambang Sumantri Nusril And Evanila Silvia ofagricultural socio -- economics Faculty ofAgriculture Bengkulu University)
91
14 PUmtClinic Driving Farmers Partners ~Cbandra Irsan Suwandi A Muslim sm Herlinda Department ofPlant Pests and Diseases ofAgriculture Sriwijaya University)
98
15 The Role ofBlotechnology In Overcoming the World Food Crisis (Suranto Department ofBiology FacultY ofNatural Sciences and MathematicshyUNS-Solo)
104
16 Impact ofInnovation Acceleration of Paddy Conunodities ornp(IntpIT In Musi
at 110
(Yanter Hutapea and Tumarlan Thamrin South Sumatra Assessment Institute for Technology Indonesia)
rn)C~ealn~gt~ ofthe International Olm1gt1nr 20-22 October 2011 vii
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
17 Performance of Several Area in South Sumatra (Tumarlan Thamrin Assessment Institute for
18
Lines of Tolerant Rice to Iron Tidal Swamp 116
Rice in South Sumatra to the 122
(Tumarlan Tbamrin Imelda Assessment Institute for
Waluyo dan Syahri South Sumatra Or1YU1lnCTlJ Indonesia)
19 The Dynamics ofIron (Fe) Solubility As a Result of Sulphate Acid Reclamation and the Way to
Ratmini dan Arifin Fahmi South Sumoera Assessment Agricultural Technology Indonesia)
128
20 ofIntegrated Farming rpTn 137
Ratmini dan Herwenita VrJfIlf7Jrlll Technology lrJ
Sumatera Assessment
21 of Erosion on Different Use in the Region Upstream Area (Das) Komering South Sumatra _
Priatnal MEdi Dinar DA Putranto2
Edward Robiyanto HS I Niken Suhesti 1 and SN AidiJ Fitril 1Faculty ofAgriculture
University South Sumatra Engineering Sriwijaya South Sumatra Indonesia lmWllesra
144
B nVilronrnlental and Climate Change
22 As Saccharide Source 151
Content ofMotor ofOrigin On Soil And Semambu Km 22 Highways - Palembang
aDI[)leon Dwi Probowati S Marji Putranto Faculty ofAgriculture
161
24 Using The Forest Zone Through The Low Carbon Development for The Welfare of the Society (Using the Forest
Welfare of the Orround r711T7HV Faculty
Qt(~mlanf Indonesia)
the Low Carbon
Sriwijaya
25 of the Sweet Corn IJHaLJVH and Terracing
~~fYHJ Kcwjlty
mays var saccharata) as result
26 Stilbenes from Heardwood ofMortIS Nigra and Cytotoxicity j 79 (Ferlinahayati11
Hakim2 Yana M Syah2
Lia D Juliawaty2 Jalifah Latip IDepartment Chemistry Faculty of and Natural Sciences Sriwijaya Product Research ofChemistry lnstitut JSchool ofChemical Technology
Proc(edings ofthe nai~lOJF1at Seminar Palembang lt-ult- 2011
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
Faculty of Science and Technology Malaysia) 27 Several Plant to Polluted Condition in the City J 84
(ES Halimi and Dian Agustina Department ofAgroecolechnoiogy of Agriculture Sriwijaya University)
28 Diversity in Pulokerto River Sumatra A 189 Preliminary Results (Hilda Zulkifli Doni Setiawan and Indra Yustian Department ofBiology Faculty Sriwijaya University)
29 Vegetational Structure and Composition in Pulokerto Island Musi 195 Palembang South (Indra Yustian dan Hilda Zulkifli ofBiology Faculty Sriwijaya University)
30 Change Plant Cd 200 (Nurhayati Department ofPlant Pest and Disease UrT1JII1J1V Faculty Sriwijaya
31 Biophysical Characteristics ofTailings Deposition Area and Its Contribution to 206 Growth -
(Yuanita Windusaril Robiyanto Hendro Susantol Zulkifli Dahlan2Wisnu SusetyoJ And Indra Yustian2
Doctoral student ofEnvironmental Science and ofMathematic and Sciences Faculty ofSriwijaya University of
Environmental Sciences Programme Sriwijaya University and Supervisor 3Senior Advisor PT Indonesia and Supervisor commission)
32 Biodegradation of Petroleum Hydrocarbon by and Consortium of 212 Bacteria Petroleum Polluted Areas
(Hary Widjajantil Iswandi Nuni MobRasyid Ridho lAgricutural Science ofthe Graduate Program ofSri wi jaya University)
C Education and Others
33 and Model Solar 221 (a lot~)
(Yuwana Bosman Sidebang and Evanila Silvia Department ofAgricultural Faculty ofAgriculture
34 Proposes ofImplementation of Sustainable Subgrade on 228 South Sumateni By Combustion PrOducts as Achmad FauziJ
Usama Jnniansyah Fauze Wan Mohd Nazmi3
3 The Faculty ofCivil and Earth Malaysia pjn Malaysia 2FacultyofCivi and Institut Teknologi Bandung Indonesia)
35 Green Pavement by Modified Asphalt as 236 Replacement and Earth Malaysia
(Wan Mohd Nazmi and Wan Abdul Rahman Wan Wan Idris and Achmad Abdul Wahab Faculty and Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak Gam bang
Proceedings ofthe International 20-22 October 2011 ix
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
36 of Coal Mining Activity (Syaifudin Administration Faculty Social and
Science Program University
and Restn Juniah2) Sriwijaya
242
37 250
38 Chemical Compound Of Gout (Elfita1 Sciences) University)
259
39 3-0XO from the Stem Bark of Manggu (Garcinia cornea) (Mubarni Handi Department oChemistry Faculty and Natural Science Sriwijaya University Indralaya South Sumatera Indonesia)
265
40 Antioxidant Flavonoids runjuk Langit (Helminthostacys Zaylanica) (Fitrya 1 Mubarnil dan Eliza Department oChemistry University Sriwijaya)
271
41 The Industry Characteristic and View their Influence On Relations In Indonesian Industry (Explorations From Three Case Studies) (Hendragnnawan John Lewer Hasanuddin
276
42 Competitiveness Telecommunications (Kesi Widjajanti Hrll1JIJl
indonesiai -
Enterprises (Soes)
LJLfJIfL Semarang University PI1nr-nn
289
43 Prospects and ChaIlenges Indonesia (Daryono Udan
Introduction ofOpen Educational Resources in Olivia Idrus)
299
44 Research Collaboration on Assurance Open and Distance Asia (Endang Nugraheni Aminudin Zuhairi Universitas Terbuka lnaones
306
45 Fast Ship Serving South to West (Muhammad Albam Djabbar and Andi Haris Mubammad
nYE)TYngtM Department Hasanuddin University MlIIWSScrr lflU(JneIulJ
313
D Public Healtb and Medical Science
Exposure and Kersana Sub District Brebes
Siwiendrayanti Public Semarang State University)
on Childbearin~-A~e Women in
Department Sport Science Faculty
316
International October 2011 x
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
47 Factors Related to The Occurrence Low Back Pain Complaints On 325 Care Center PT Telekomunikasi
Tbk Year 2010 (Yuli M Farid Harnzens Juniar Tri State 15lamic University Syarif Hidayalullah Jakarta)
48 Relation Work Risk Factors with Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) 334 ofGold Miner Workers In Cilograng-Banten on 2010 (YuH Raibana Nadra Alkaff Eudang Bukbori State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta)
49 Effect of Rehydration Solutions on Fatigue Among Women Workers 343 (Mardiana Departement Sport Science Semarang State University)
50 The Association between Risk L~A RULA and Musculoskeleatal 349 Symptom among Workers in a Printing Manufacturing Company Malaysia (Me Foong 2A Mobd Yusof IB Mobd Rafee and lAA Abmad J Department ofCommunity Health Medicine and Health Sczemes University Putra Malaysia )
51 Productive Work Time Lost Because OfEmployee Behaviour in Wood 356 Industry in Jepara District Central Java (Nurjanab1
Zabrob SbaJubiyab2 Bagoes Widjanarko2
JMasterStudent Health Promotion Program ofHealth Faculty ofDian Nuswantoro University Semarang ofHealth Promotion Program ofDiponegoro Semarang)
52 Quality and Water Borne at The Lowland in 366 (Dianita Ekawati1
Tan Malaka1 Robiyanto MT Kamaluddin Dwi
SetiawanJ Amar Muntaha1
i J)cpartment BinG Husada 30131 Indonesia 2Medicine ofSriwijaya University 3Agriculture Faculty ofSriwijaya University
53 Measuring Escherichia Coli in Foods And Beverages Towards Certification of 381 Cafeteria Campus (Dewi Susanna M Indrawan1
Zakianis1Tris Eryando Fitria Kartika A Dimarsetiot ~===~ iFacuity Health InlrrW7f Student Public Health SP1PYIP Indonesia University Indonesia)
54 Adverse Handling to Woman Child (WCA) in 385 Area (ImeJda Gernauli Purba Faculty ofPublic Sriwijaya
University Indonesia)
55 Comparative Analysis of Occupational Safety and Risk Management I--rnm-rltlrn at Indonesia and National University of (Anita CameIia Faculty ofPublic Health University ofSriwijaya Indonesia)
56 Analysis of oflead (Pb) in semen and sperm motility at the Laboratory of 406 Medkal Biology Faculty of University of Sriwijaya (Nani Sari Murnit Tan Malaka dan M Zulkarnain1
2Faculty Medicine OfSriwijaya University)
International October 2011 Xl
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
57 Protective Equipment With 432 Disorders Wood Furniture Workers In Kecamatan lndralaya and
Kecamatan Indralaya Utara 2011 (Herliawati Christine Sihaloho Nursing Sience Study
Medicine Sriwijaya University Indonesia)
58 Value ofChildren as Determinants Nutrition on The Environment 438 Vulnerable Sociocultural Nutrition (Village Pecuk District Mijen Demak Central Java) (Oktia Woro Kasmini Department ofPublic Health ScienCes FlK UNNES
59 ofRhodamine B Coolde ofTraditional Food (Study at Pasar 445 Tanjung of Jeurombeuror Reurogeuroncy) (Khoiron Astri Rizky Vitantina Rabayu Sri Pujiati Departemenl Environmental and Occupational Health amp Sqfety Faculty ofPublic Health University ofJember)
60 In 453 Badung District ofBaH Province (putu Widarini School ofPublic Health Udayana University)
61 Diet nutrition and the prevention of cervical cancer 459 (Ciptaningtyas R State Islamic Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta)
62 The Correlation Between Macro Nutrient Consumption and Physical Activities With 472 Overweight Among Children In School
at Jember Yusi Ratuawati Sulistiyani Dwinda Prianton Public Health Faculty
Jember University)
63 Correlation of family participant with nutrition status ofchildren under five years 477 old in village work area III north ueIlpasar (Ni Ketut Sutiari Lub Sudiasih I Agung Ayu Mabayuningsih School ofPublic Health Faculty ofMedicine Udayana University)
64 Does Birthweight Related With Chronic Diseases In Adult Life 488 (Suci Destriatania Faculty ofPublic Health University ofSriwijaya Indonesia)
65 Breastfueding Mother On Teens At Work Area Center 492 Year 2011
(Bina Melvia ofMedicine Nursing Science Study Programmiddot UNSRl)
66 The Effect ofMatemal Nutrition Anemia towards Low Birth 502 (Rini Mutahar Mis naniarti Fatmalina Srfwijaya University InlOnSlll
67 Relationship with Diarrhea In 508H1v1UvH
School Children (Fatmalina Indah Purnama Sari Public Sriwijaya University Indonesia)
Proceedings ofthe International Seminar October 2011
978-979-98938-5-7
68 Between and Lifestyle with prevalence In 513 medicine Moehammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang the Year 2011 (Nikson Sitorus Desti Widiastuti Health Polytechnic ofPalembang
69 Incident in Banyuasin Multilevel 519 Modelling Approach (Rismala Kesuma Kamaluddin Ngudiantoro Ibrahim Tjek Suryadi Departement ofPublic Health STIKES Darul Ma arifAl Baturaja
70 Factors Pap SmearIva Test among Women at 2 35 Years in 524 Denpasar Who Diagnosed Cancer At Hospital 2011 (Ni Luh Putu Suariyani Regina Chrysautie School ofPublic Health
ofMedicine Udayana University)
The Difference of Urinary Iodine (UEI) Increase between 531 With and Without Ascariasis Administration of
(Galuh Nita Prameswari Public Health Departement Sport Science Faculty Semarang University)
72 Analysis ofDeterminants ofTuberculosis In The Workers at PT Perkebunan 541 Nusantara XII (persero) (Anita Dewi Prahastuti Sujoso Ria Nuri Estu Karisma Irma Prasetyowati
ofEnvironmental and Occupational Safety of ofJember)
73 Risk Factors at dr Hospital of lember District- East 549 (NimaJ Baroya Pudjo Wahjudi Annisa Reykaningrum Public Faculty
University
74 Hip Structure Associated with 560 Osteoporosis Study (GOS) Data (Margaret Henry L J Department QfClinical and Biomedical Sciences The University QfMelboume Australia ofPublic Health Sriwijaya University Kampus Unsri Indralaya flir Sumaera Indonesia 3 School ofPopulation Health
University ofMelbourne Australia)
75 The Mellitus Risk Factors in Bangka (Titi Sari Renowati Amar Muntaba Dianita Environmental Health Laboratory and Disease Control Palembang Indonesia)
Vera 569
76 of Knowledge and about 580 With Attitudes From Indonesian People To People Living With Aids (PLHA)
Of SDKI 2007) Indonesia 2010 (Yeni Najmah IDni Mutahar ofPublic Health Sriwijaya University Indonesia)
77 of Epidemiologic of Filariasis in Sub-District of Tangkuno of Southeastern Sulawesi in 2009 (Ramadhan Devi Savitri Effendy Public Health Department of
Proceedings International Seminar Palembang 2011 xiii
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
Mathematics and Natural Sciences ofHaluoleo University Kendari) 78 Injecting Drug Users Not Needle 599
And Syringe Program InPalernbangSouth Sumatera (Najrnah Faculty Health University Indonesia)
79 The Use of Salivary A-Amylase And Symptoms Questionnaires as 605 lU-Vl For Distress Breast Cancer (Yong Zubaidah JO Saidi M Zalilab MS Yong HY and Zailina H Universiti Putra MalaySia Malaysia)
80 Self-Concept in Behavior of Chickens (Ayam Kampus) In 619
(Eti Rimawati Health Faculty Universitas Dian Nuswantoro)
81 Relation Intercourse among University 626 Students In Bandar Lampung (Roro Rukmi Windi Perdani Faculty ofMedicine University Lampung )
82 of Posyandu Information System of 635 Maternal and Child (Case at Manisrejo Urban Village Taman District in Madiun City Java Province) (Abu Health ofJember)
83 Health Reform as a Result of Decentralization Policy in Bali 641 Ayu Indrayatbi Pande Putu School Health Medicine
Faculti ofUdayana University)
84 The Relationship between Mix and University Interest in 647 Public Health Science Program Medicine Andalas
University 2011 (IsniatiSyahriaJVonicha Regia ofMedicine Andalas University)
85 Healthy Behavior-Based Development Model to a Free Larvae by irntnnnt Health In The Eastern District
(Nizwardi Azkha Rizanda Machmud ofMedicine Universitas Andalas pu7nYIo Indonesia)
86 Care Seeking Behaviour of Community and Tb 670 Nonformal (Nurul IslamyJ Haris
87 on Sexual Behavior in Adolescent at Seberan~ U1u Area 677
(Iche Andriyani Liberty Nur Alarn Fajar Elvi Sunarsih Faculty of Public Sriwijaya University Indonesia)
ofthe International Seminar 2011
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
88 Review Implementation Of The 564MENKESSKNlJ1I2006) (Iwan Stia Budi Faculty ofPublic
Desa (Kepmenkes No 684
89 The Study of Desa Siaga In (Misnaniarti Asmaripa Ainy Nur Alam Sriwijaya Indonesia)
Ilir District Faculty Health
690
90 Behavior Toward Methadone Maintenance Therapy 2010
697
(Tri Novia Kumalasari Faculty ofPublic Health Sriwijaya University Indonesia)
91 Who Have Tantrums Toddler Cbodijab Abdul Qudus Eka Fitri School
Faculty ofMedicine Sriwijaya Indonesia)
705
92 Factors that Influence the Behavior of Male Adolescence Smokers at Junior School Jakarta (Cicilia Nony Budi Sulistyowan Wuryastun School ofHealth Science Sin Carolus)
714
93 Stratification ofPublic For at Urban and Rural Areas in Indonesia (Ari hnany Rusilanti and Sachriani Home 111pound7gtfn State University Indonesia)
718
723
Name and of Presenter International 726
Proceedings ofthe International Seminar Palembang 20-22 October xv
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
BIODEGRADATION OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON BY SINGLE AND CONSORTIUM OF HYDROCARBONOCLASTIC BACTERIA FROM PETROELUM
POLLUTED
Hary Widjajanti1 Iswandi Anas2
Nuni Gofar MohRasyid Ridho3
1Student of Doctoral Program at the of the Graduate Program of Sriwijaya University haryunsriyahoocom 2 Bogor Agricultural Institute 3Sriwijaya University
The study on the biodegradation of hydrocarbons by a single culture and a of hydrocarbonoclastic 1lgtItP11 from mangrove areas contaminated -Vl
done The study to test bacteria isolate in aeJraOlTlg hydrocarbons to cnalfacten potential bacterial isolate uwq
petroleum hydrocarbon to hydrocarbonoclastic in biodegrading petroleum biodegradation test was
conducted by using a Out the isolates of bacteria that ae~ralatllon ability were selected isolates were further Cn~lIajtelnz~~a identified and made into a consortium combination of3 (three) 1lgttP11 LV biodegradation tests were conducted by combinations of a consortium 3 (three) replications Observed number of bacteria and np1prnlgt(TP of TPH (Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon) Five of the 29 bacterial v which have a high ability in rInrrarl
Bacillus aminovorans Pseudomonas alcaligenes (5304) (~1 ~~4) 8cuillys 8cl(illY~1i sphqeriqus vqr culture ofhydro carbo no clastic consortium which is capable highest percentage of 9186 ofAlcaligenes faecalis Pseudomonas Bacillus aminovorans
Key words blOae~rru1at1 hydrocarbonoc1astic bacteria llIau areas
INTRODUCTION terms of SOClOeCOinOlnlC
including their as a barrier to coastal windbreaker content in the air and pollutants in vuraquouou
2006) The mangrove South Sumatra and Bangka Belitung cover an area of
of which are in damaged condition 1 1 1 ha damaged and ha (1411) are not damaged 2006) quantitatively u from to year because of the land conversion for industrial residential and transportation forest area has decreased quantitatively for~its have also environmental degradation to example in the areas in South Sumatra especially the area and Upang areas are the areas of Watershed (DAS) of Musi
shipping Jm~s for oil fields Oil pollution in the
ofdrilling producing refming and ll the P9rt llg th~
mangrove ecosystem with the most severe
Seminal Palembang 212
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
waste oil in the waters can be carried out means of physical and
~ioltgilt~l P~y~c~ a1_~ chemical methlt~s (ire u~ual more eXj)efsive~ T1lt~ envir0l1111 entally friendly application can create new problems Therefore an alternative effort waste oil which relatively cost and does not cause any negative impact on aquatic
is The treatment is handling waste biologically method of biological treatment of waste oil is bioremediation LUU
which on degradation by means of degrading is an friendly way which is effective efficient and environmentally acceptable (Mangkoedibardjo 2005 and Syakti 2004)
Widj aj anti et al (2008) had found 29 hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria petroleum contaminated mangrove area All isolates can grow in oil contaminated environment and can used oil as carbon source but quantitatively their to degrade petroleum hydrocarbon still unknown as a so must potency in hydrocarbon
bacteria used in treating waste oil have higher if used as a or a mixed (Alpentri et al Mukred ei Oil-degrading
microbes not work as individual species but in form of consortium (Mangkoedihardjo 2005) According to Sanchez (2006) the consortium is a group microbes which are beneficial to one and carry out by which individual can not do According et al (2001) the of biodegradation of hydrocarbons to perfection cannot possibly be by only one type of microbe but it is always done by a set of
fate of is mote mixed ctirure compared with single cultures
study aims to 1) test ability of rlP[)TIrllta petroleum 2) IdentifY potential bacterial isolate petroleum
hydrocarbon 3) obtain a potential consortium hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria in biodegrading petroleum hydrocarbons
culture by filling the sourceofN
with a tJ~r Soeminarti liquid medium mixture was adjusted to pH 7 (Modification of Okoh amp Trejo 2006) treatment unit is on a shaker with a speed of 120 rpm at room temperature 7
(M11kred et aL 20()8) Of the 29 bacterial whose potential in degrading petroleum hydrocarbons are tested 5
isolates with the LIlt capability are five isolates highest ability will made into 1 0 of bacterial cultures with consortium-__-- -- -_ - _ - -
3 (three) conducted 3 (three)
Characterization and of hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria The characterization identification are on five hydrocarbonoclastic
l~rTr1~ with high ability Morphological characters of the bacteria being includes the growth plate Nutrient (NA) tilt NA medium and straight NA medium Cell morphology
iIiclldcent~ lirldCcentll cMiI1~ of Gram tfIld the ap~eIicentcent encloS1Pories (Pikoli e aI 2000) The characterization of physiological and biochemical properties
fat casein the glucose sucrose illdole ure~ Voges-Proskampler
the amp Sherman 1 isolates omaUleo
characterization (19942~ _ _ - -
PNYceedfngs 213
ISBN 978b 979b 98938-5b 7
Petroleum hydrocarbons biodegradation by 10 com binations of culture consortium Thi~ stage ma~i~J1 a curve of bacteria which is prepared by fol
Hadioetomos method (1990) is then followed making of curves consortium of and bacterial culture consortium standard curves
Experiments are prepared by using a of treatment of the 3 (three) of the 5 of bacteria with the
capability so are 10 (ten) treatments each ofwhich is (three) times The bioreactor biodegradation by is made by the same procedure in
bacterial but incubated for 14 days The observations measured are cell number the percentage of of petroleum hydrocarbons The C01Jntmg
of the nnmber of the is measured by a spectrophotometer (at wavelength 1 = l~ri into the equation of mixed culture (Hadioetomos
percentage of of hydrocarbons is Nugroho (2006) the weight loss of
the testing treatment showed of degradation occurred (ANOV A) at a of 005 is performed on data obtained the observations
there is a significan Well it will (l further New Multipl~ (DNMRT) Statistics Program-6
AND DISCUSSION
Petroleum bydrocarbon biodegradation by single culture bacteria The of the ability tests of the 29 bacterial in degrading petroleum hydrocarbons and
s~lection 5 (five) species (lOd molds with the capabilities are presented in Table 1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 iL 12 13 14
5016
4998 4978
23 24 25 26 27 28 29
3876
3525
Characteristerization and identification 5 (fIVe) species of h~fP1i~ Of of 5 species of with the highest
capability are used to create a mixed formula namely B25 (Bacillus aminovorans) (Pseudomonas alcaligenes) B20 (Alcaligenes jaecalis) (Bacillus cereus) (Bacillus
spbaricus var rotans) (Table 2) is in accordance and Colwell (1990) 200 bacteria that can degrade on the sea important areAchromobacter Acinetobacter Arthrobacer
Proceedings ofthe International Semfnar Palembang 20-22 214
combination
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
Petroleum hydrocarbons biodegradation by consortium culture bacteria
of a consortium of bacterial culture significantly bacteria and the percentage of oil degradation The bacterial population
10 (ten) a combination of bacterial culture consortium is pn~sentea
positive spore prodme spore produGe spore
Motifity Motile Non motile Motile Motile Non motile
Positive Positive Positive Negative Negative Negative Negative
Positive Positive Positive Negative Positive Pnsitive Negative
-Glucose Fermentation Negative Positive Negative Positive -Sucrose Fermentation Negative Negative Positive -Lactose Fennentation Negative Negative Negative
Negative Negative Negative -lntloll Production Negative Negative Negative -Urease Produktion Negative Negative Negative -Catalase Production Positive Positive Positive Positive Negative -Metyl red test Positive Negative Negative Negative
Proskauer test Negative Positive Negative -TSl test Negative Positive Positive
test Positive Positive Positive Negative -Nitrat reduction Positive Positive Positive
c-ereus aminavorans sPhaericus
of bacteria influences the number ofbacteria due awgeOly due to a synergistic interaction
bullt+1shy T1 are grown together in a single QmallUltIveJy different from the
Qelnmern m~dium
var rotans~ This is due to a - -~ - vrlPTTl
(1998) cell growth is at Pseudomonas causes an aS5oCIatlOn
Il~ility ~C ~lllt cC~~iIlllt~on of tlllt cannot be done alone The hydrocarbon source can be derived from a fraction of the breakdown of the breakdown of hydrocarbons by the other bacteria
Proceedings ofthe International Seminar Pal embang 2011 215
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
bacteria requires a specific substrate Some bacteria interact beneficially with each other in the form of consortium
The percentage of biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons is greater by using consortia of bacterial culture compared to usmg a single cuiture This is because the bacteria used in degrading waste oil typically have higher ability if used as a consortium culture Consortium cultures have a more complete profile of enzymes than a single culture According to Mukred et al (2008) hydrocarbon compounds which are iighter and simpler can be degraded earlier at an early stage by a
Table 3 The average bacterial population and the percentage of petroleum degradation of to combinations of consortium cultures
No Consortium cultures Bacterial population (cfumL) Petroleum degradation () 1 B24 + B25 + B29 19107 a 9113 cd
72 Bzl + Bz4 + Bz9 2910 b 8995 abed 3 B20 + B21 + B24 37107 e 9004 abed 4 B20 + B25 + B29 39107 c 8962 abc 5 B21 + B24 + Bzj 51107 d 9059 bed 6 B20 + B24 + B25 52107 de 9152 d 7 B20+B21+B29 57107 de 8881 a 8 B20+B24+B29 62107 de 8979 abc 9 B21+ B25 +B29 66107 ef 8952 ab 10 B20 + B2l + B25 81107 f 9186 d
Notes the numbers followed by the same small letters on the same column show no signIficance difference according DNMRT (a = 5) B20 Alcaligenes jaecalis B2l Pseudomonas alcaligenes 824 Bacillus cereus 825 Bacillus aminovorans B29 Bacillus sphaericus var rotans
bacterial culture then the compounds which have not been degraded in the early stages are degraded by the second culture and so on According Kanaly amp Harayama (1995) and Nugroho (2006) the composition of complex compounds such as petroleum hydrocarbons cause a single species of bacteria to be unable to degrade all the components of petroleum because each species of bacteria require a specific substrate Some bacteria which interact mutually beneficially with one another in the forin of a consortium have a highly beneficial role during the degradation process of petroleum hydrocarbons
The combination treatment of consortium culture which produces high percentage of degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons is a combination of AlcaTigenes jaecalis Pseudomonas alcaligenes and Bacillus aminovorans Alcaligenes faecalis Bacillus cereus and Bacillus aminovorans l Pseudomonas alcaligenes Bacillus cereuss and Bacillus aminovorans Pseudomonas alcaligenes Bacillus cereus and Bacillus aminovorans Alcaligenes jaecalis Pseudomonas alcaligenes ana Bacillus cereUS SeqUentiallY the aVerage percentages of degradation of perroletiili hydrocarbons are as follows 9186915291139059 and 9004 (Table 3) It is allegedly due to the fact that the genus Bacillus Pseudomonas and Alcaligenes are able to degrade petroleum hydrocarbons from low molecular weight to high molecular weight resulting in a high percentage of degradation According to Alexander (1977) genus Bacillus and Pseudomonas are capable of degrading petroleum hydrocarbons with low molecular weight such as ethane propane and butane and the petroleum hydrocarbons with high molecular weight such as aromatic hydrocarbons phenol naphthalene and antrasena According to Atlas amp Bartha (1998) the genus of Pseudomonas can grow and degrade petroleum hydrocarbons chain CW C36 According to Desai amp Vyas (2006) the genus Bacillus Pseudomonas and Alcaligenes are able to degrade saturated hydrocarbons monoaromatic hydrocarbons and polyaromatic hydrocarbons According to Zhu et al (2004) the genus Pseudomonas and Alcaligenes are bacterial consortium cultures which are able to degrade the components of petroleum hydrocarbons alkanes with carbon chain C20-C25 Presumably because of the differences in the ability of each genus in degrading petroleum hydrocarbons so that the hydrocarbon components of the low the medium and the high molecular weight can be degraded According to
hnceedings othe Internatioiwi Serrrindr Palembang 2()22 October 2011 216
Santoso DSB2006Hasil inventarisasi dan identifIkasi mangrove Prnnini
Kepulauan Belitung Buku I (buku PT Multima Krida P MMuiyono D dan ESantoso 2002 sulfonat
dalam bioremediasi limbah bumL 11(011
EKardena Ratnaningsih and Wisjnuprapto 2006 Improving the efectiveness of crude-oil hrlrultgtrlrAn hrlraquo1ltgtt1gtru employing Azotobacter Chroococcum co-inocuJant Faculty of Padjadjaran University 1-16 AD200S Multi-proses remediasi dalam penanganan (Oil di perairan laut dan
pesisir Seminar Bioremediasi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Mulawarman 16 MRRldho2008 RehabilitaSi Hutan Mangrove Studi Modeling Bioremediasi
Mengj~unakm Agen untuk Bahan di Hutan Mangrove Wilayah Propinsi Sumatera Selatan
Zhu X ADVenosa amp MT Suidan 2004 Literature review on the use of commercial bioremediation for clean up ofoil-contaminated estuarine environments EPAJ6001R-04075
October 218
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
FOREWORD
Dear
Minister for National Education Ambassadors Thailand for Indonesia Ambassadors of
Indonesia for Thailand all The Council of Rector State University
(CRISU) and of Thailand Government of South
Sumatra and Palembang City and The 6th cruSU-CUPT Conference International Seminar and Exhibition
On behalf Sriwijaya University as Host University would like to extend my wannest welcome to all of the participant of The 6th Conference International
held on October 2011 at Sriwijaya with the p~prrh Potentials
There will be many challenges and opportunities in higher education in the Asean Community in the next decade considerable significant will from the The
CRlSU-CUPT Conference International Seminar and Exhibition The previous CUPT conferences have sigficantly the relationships and come up with very fruitful C1ISCUS~SlOgtn in various of colIaboration and cooperation global global
mobility academic and 5th was held in Mai Thailand on July 2010 and appointed Sriwijaya the 6th conference
The 6th CRlSO-CUPT rnnTPrpnpp u)ltuuu with not only include the the but also will include
international Seminar and Exhibition This conference therefore might come up with more fruitfull conclusion and np ~~ commitment among participants
With we and sponshorship n any govermental as well as private conference appreciation is also handed to committe of the conference for any voluntarily that bring to the suCces
and by about 600 participants I hope you enjoy the beauty of Pal em bang City as one of the oldest Indonesia which is 1318 years old vast
also have culture and
Palembang October 2011 Chairperson
Dr MRA Rector of Sriwijaya University
ofthe International Seminar Palembang October 2011 v
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Foreword 111
Table of Contents IV
Papers of Keynote Speakers I Mental Illness In Australia (Dr Melanie Boursnell University ofNewcastle XVI
Australia)
2 Chemical Toxicology towards humans health and EHIA (Environmental Health xxvi Impact Assessment) in Thailand (ProfKraichat Tantrakarnapa Faculty of Public Health Mahidol University Thailand)
3 Nutrition transition in Indonesia (DR Ir Judhiastuty Februhartanty MSc xxxvii SEAMEO RECFON Indonesia Indonesia University)
4 Cancer Genetic And Environmental Causes And Risk Factors VI
(profDato Dr MS Lye University Putra Malaysia)
5 Accelerating Diversification In Food Consumption Based on Indigenous Resources VI
as An Alternative Action To Support Food Security In Indonesia (prof Drllindit Pambayun MP Sriwijaya University Indonesia)
Papers of Presenters A Food Security
1 Diversity Domination and Distribution Of Rice Stem Borer Species and it Interaction with Egg Parasitoids in Various Land Typology in Jambi (Viiyl1st Siti Herlinda2
Chandra Irsan Yulia Pujiastuti2 Agriculture Faculty ofJambi University Faculty ofAgriculture Sriwijaya Universi y)
2 Land Suitability for Elaeis Guineensis Jacq Plantation in South Sumatra Indonesia 10 (M Edi Armantol2 MA Adzemi2
Elisa Wildayana1 MS Imanudin1
SJ Priatna and GiantoJ Faculty ofAgriculture Sriwijaya University South Sumatra Indonesia 2Faculty ofAgrotechnology and Food Science (FASM) UMT Terengganu Malaysia 3Forestry Delineation Agency Department ofForestry Indonesia)
3 From Economic Valuation to Policy Making in Forest Conversion for Elaeis 19 Guineensis Jacq Plantation (Elisa WiJdayanal M Edi Armantol and MA Adzeme I Faculty of Agriculture Sriwijaya University Indanesia2Faculty afAgrotechnalagy and Food ampien9r (FASM) UMT Termgganu Malaysia)
4 Floating Agriculture Model from Bamboo for Rice Cultivation on Swamp Land At 27 South Sumatra (Siti Masreab Bernas Siti Nurul AF and Agung Maulana Sail Science Program Study and Low Land Management Field Agricultural Faculty Sriwijaya University )
5 The Responsiveness of Jambi Rice Acreage to Price and Production Costs 34 (Edison Faculty afAgriculture Jambi University Indonesia)
Proceedings ofthe International Seminar Palembang 20-22 October 2011 VI
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
6 as an Indicator of and Non Agricultural Labor Market Distortions In Indonesia Error Correction Model (ECM) Approach
Andy Mulyana3 Amruzi Minha3 Nurlina Tarmizi3
of Agriculture Sriwijaya University Indonesia)
40
7 Predator Aphis gossypii on Vagetable at Low Land areas in South Sumatera (Khodijab Haperidab Nunilabwati Dewi Medalima Faculty ofAgriculture Sriwijaya University Indonesia)
49
8 Population and Attack Sativae (Diptera Agromyzidae) and Interaction with Parasitoid on Tomato Cropping in Lowland of South Sumatra
Herlinda M Yunus Vmar Yulia Pujiastuti and Rosdab Thalib Chandra Irsan Plant Pest and Disease Department ofAgriculture r11AJ1TllEJ
University)
9 ofPalm Fruit Plantation And Cattle to Improve Production (Armina Fariani Arian Abrar and Gatot Muslim Animal Science Department Faculty Srtwijaya University)
66
10 Application of Penicillium spp Produced in Waste Materials to Control Neck Root Rot by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacco on Chili (A Muslim Sari Eka Permata Harman Hamidson Program Study Agroecotechnology Faculty ofAgriculture Srtwijaya University)
70
II Purification and Characterization Collagenase from Bacillus licheninformis FII4 BaebakjI Maggy TSuhartono2
Sukarno Dabrul Syabl Azis uJ~~alJ1 Setyabadtl and Friedheim Meinhardt4
IDepartement HnVTUltS Product Technology Faculty ofAgriculture Sriwijaya University 2Faculty
ofAgricultural Bogor Agricultural University JAgency for the Assessment and Application ofTechnology Republic 4Institute for Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology University Germany)
75
12 Biological Reproduction Menochilus Sexmaculatus (F) Predator Chili (Aphis From Central Vegetable At Low Areas Sumatera
(Haperidab NuniJabwati Dewi Meidalima dan Kbodijah Agriculture Faculty ofSriwijaya University Indonesia)
84
13 Study in Province
(Ketut Sukiyono Bambang Sumantri Nusril And Evanila Silvia ofagricultural socio -- economics Faculty ofAgriculture Bengkulu University)
91
14 PUmtClinic Driving Farmers Partners ~Cbandra Irsan Suwandi A Muslim sm Herlinda Department ofPlant Pests and Diseases ofAgriculture Sriwijaya University)
98
15 The Role ofBlotechnology In Overcoming the World Food Crisis (Suranto Department ofBiology FacultY ofNatural Sciences and MathematicshyUNS-Solo)
104
16 Impact ofInnovation Acceleration of Paddy Conunodities ornp(IntpIT In Musi
at 110
(Yanter Hutapea and Tumarlan Thamrin South Sumatra Assessment Institute for Technology Indonesia)
rn)C~ealn~gt~ ofthe International Olm1gt1nr 20-22 October 2011 vii
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
17 Performance of Several Area in South Sumatra (Tumarlan Thamrin Assessment Institute for
18
Lines of Tolerant Rice to Iron Tidal Swamp 116
Rice in South Sumatra to the 122
(Tumarlan Tbamrin Imelda Assessment Institute for
Waluyo dan Syahri South Sumatra Or1YU1lnCTlJ Indonesia)
19 The Dynamics ofIron (Fe) Solubility As a Result of Sulphate Acid Reclamation and the Way to
Ratmini dan Arifin Fahmi South Sumoera Assessment Agricultural Technology Indonesia)
128
20 ofIntegrated Farming rpTn 137
Ratmini dan Herwenita VrJfIlf7Jrlll Technology lrJ
Sumatera Assessment
21 of Erosion on Different Use in the Region Upstream Area (Das) Komering South Sumatra _
Priatnal MEdi Dinar DA Putranto2
Edward Robiyanto HS I Niken Suhesti 1 and SN AidiJ Fitril 1Faculty ofAgriculture
University South Sumatra Engineering Sriwijaya South Sumatra Indonesia lmWllesra
144
B nVilronrnlental and Climate Change
22 As Saccharide Source 151
Content ofMotor ofOrigin On Soil And Semambu Km 22 Highways - Palembang
aDI[)leon Dwi Probowati S Marji Putranto Faculty ofAgriculture
161
24 Using The Forest Zone Through The Low Carbon Development for The Welfare of the Society (Using the Forest
Welfare of the Orround r711T7HV Faculty
Qt(~mlanf Indonesia)
the Low Carbon
Sriwijaya
25 of the Sweet Corn IJHaLJVH and Terracing
~~fYHJ Kcwjlty
mays var saccharata) as result
26 Stilbenes from Heardwood ofMortIS Nigra and Cytotoxicity j 79 (Ferlinahayati11
Hakim2 Yana M Syah2
Lia D Juliawaty2 Jalifah Latip IDepartment Chemistry Faculty of and Natural Sciences Sriwijaya Product Research ofChemistry lnstitut JSchool ofChemical Technology
Proc(edings ofthe nai~lOJF1at Seminar Palembang lt-ult- 2011
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
Faculty of Science and Technology Malaysia) 27 Several Plant to Polluted Condition in the City J 84
(ES Halimi and Dian Agustina Department ofAgroecolechnoiogy of Agriculture Sriwijaya University)
28 Diversity in Pulokerto River Sumatra A 189 Preliminary Results (Hilda Zulkifli Doni Setiawan and Indra Yustian Department ofBiology Faculty Sriwijaya University)
29 Vegetational Structure and Composition in Pulokerto Island Musi 195 Palembang South (Indra Yustian dan Hilda Zulkifli ofBiology Faculty Sriwijaya University)
30 Change Plant Cd 200 (Nurhayati Department ofPlant Pest and Disease UrT1JII1J1V Faculty Sriwijaya
31 Biophysical Characteristics ofTailings Deposition Area and Its Contribution to 206 Growth -
(Yuanita Windusaril Robiyanto Hendro Susantol Zulkifli Dahlan2Wisnu SusetyoJ And Indra Yustian2
Doctoral student ofEnvironmental Science and ofMathematic and Sciences Faculty ofSriwijaya University of
Environmental Sciences Programme Sriwijaya University and Supervisor 3Senior Advisor PT Indonesia and Supervisor commission)
32 Biodegradation of Petroleum Hydrocarbon by and Consortium of 212 Bacteria Petroleum Polluted Areas
(Hary Widjajantil Iswandi Nuni MobRasyid Ridho lAgricutural Science ofthe Graduate Program ofSri wi jaya University)
C Education and Others
33 and Model Solar 221 (a lot~)
(Yuwana Bosman Sidebang and Evanila Silvia Department ofAgricultural Faculty ofAgriculture
34 Proposes ofImplementation of Sustainable Subgrade on 228 South Sumateni By Combustion PrOducts as Achmad FauziJ
Usama Jnniansyah Fauze Wan Mohd Nazmi3
3 The Faculty ofCivil and Earth Malaysia pjn Malaysia 2FacultyofCivi and Institut Teknologi Bandung Indonesia)
35 Green Pavement by Modified Asphalt as 236 Replacement and Earth Malaysia
(Wan Mohd Nazmi and Wan Abdul Rahman Wan Wan Idris and Achmad Abdul Wahab Faculty and Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak Gam bang
Proceedings ofthe International 20-22 October 2011 ix
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
36 of Coal Mining Activity (Syaifudin Administration Faculty Social and
Science Program University
and Restn Juniah2) Sriwijaya
242
37 250
38 Chemical Compound Of Gout (Elfita1 Sciences) University)
259
39 3-0XO from the Stem Bark of Manggu (Garcinia cornea) (Mubarni Handi Department oChemistry Faculty and Natural Science Sriwijaya University Indralaya South Sumatera Indonesia)
265
40 Antioxidant Flavonoids runjuk Langit (Helminthostacys Zaylanica) (Fitrya 1 Mubarnil dan Eliza Department oChemistry University Sriwijaya)
271
41 The Industry Characteristic and View their Influence On Relations In Indonesian Industry (Explorations From Three Case Studies) (Hendragnnawan John Lewer Hasanuddin
276
42 Competitiveness Telecommunications (Kesi Widjajanti Hrll1JIJl
indonesiai -
Enterprises (Soes)
LJLfJIfL Semarang University PI1nr-nn
289
43 Prospects and ChaIlenges Indonesia (Daryono Udan
Introduction ofOpen Educational Resources in Olivia Idrus)
299
44 Research Collaboration on Assurance Open and Distance Asia (Endang Nugraheni Aminudin Zuhairi Universitas Terbuka lnaones
306
45 Fast Ship Serving South to West (Muhammad Albam Djabbar and Andi Haris Mubammad
nYE)TYngtM Department Hasanuddin University MlIIWSScrr lflU(JneIulJ
313
D Public Healtb and Medical Science
Exposure and Kersana Sub District Brebes
Siwiendrayanti Public Semarang State University)
on Childbearin~-A~e Women in
Department Sport Science Faculty
316
International October 2011 x
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
47 Factors Related to The Occurrence Low Back Pain Complaints On 325 Care Center PT Telekomunikasi
Tbk Year 2010 (Yuli M Farid Harnzens Juniar Tri State 15lamic University Syarif Hidayalullah Jakarta)
48 Relation Work Risk Factors with Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) 334 ofGold Miner Workers In Cilograng-Banten on 2010 (YuH Raibana Nadra Alkaff Eudang Bukbori State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta)
49 Effect of Rehydration Solutions on Fatigue Among Women Workers 343 (Mardiana Departement Sport Science Semarang State University)
50 The Association between Risk L~A RULA and Musculoskeleatal 349 Symptom among Workers in a Printing Manufacturing Company Malaysia (Me Foong 2A Mobd Yusof IB Mobd Rafee and lAA Abmad J Department ofCommunity Health Medicine and Health Sczemes University Putra Malaysia )
51 Productive Work Time Lost Because OfEmployee Behaviour in Wood 356 Industry in Jepara District Central Java (Nurjanab1
Zabrob SbaJubiyab2 Bagoes Widjanarko2
JMasterStudent Health Promotion Program ofHealth Faculty ofDian Nuswantoro University Semarang ofHealth Promotion Program ofDiponegoro Semarang)
52 Quality and Water Borne at The Lowland in 366 (Dianita Ekawati1
Tan Malaka1 Robiyanto MT Kamaluddin Dwi
SetiawanJ Amar Muntaha1
i J)cpartment BinG Husada 30131 Indonesia 2Medicine ofSriwijaya University 3Agriculture Faculty ofSriwijaya University
53 Measuring Escherichia Coli in Foods And Beverages Towards Certification of 381 Cafeteria Campus (Dewi Susanna M Indrawan1
Zakianis1Tris Eryando Fitria Kartika A Dimarsetiot ~===~ iFacuity Health InlrrW7f Student Public Health SP1PYIP Indonesia University Indonesia)
54 Adverse Handling to Woman Child (WCA) in 385 Area (ImeJda Gernauli Purba Faculty ofPublic Sriwijaya
University Indonesia)
55 Comparative Analysis of Occupational Safety and Risk Management I--rnm-rltlrn at Indonesia and National University of (Anita CameIia Faculty ofPublic Health University ofSriwijaya Indonesia)
56 Analysis of oflead (Pb) in semen and sperm motility at the Laboratory of 406 Medkal Biology Faculty of University of Sriwijaya (Nani Sari Murnit Tan Malaka dan M Zulkarnain1
2Faculty Medicine OfSriwijaya University)
International October 2011 Xl
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
57 Protective Equipment With 432 Disorders Wood Furniture Workers In Kecamatan lndralaya and
Kecamatan Indralaya Utara 2011 (Herliawati Christine Sihaloho Nursing Sience Study
Medicine Sriwijaya University Indonesia)
58 Value ofChildren as Determinants Nutrition on The Environment 438 Vulnerable Sociocultural Nutrition (Village Pecuk District Mijen Demak Central Java) (Oktia Woro Kasmini Department ofPublic Health ScienCes FlK UNNES
59 ofRhodamine B Coolde ofTraditional Food (Study at Pasar 445 Tanjung of Jeurombeuror Reurogeuroncy) (Khoiron Astri Rizky Vitantina Rabayu Sri Pujiati Departemenl Environmental and Occupational Health amp Sqfety Faculty ofPublic Health University ofJember)
60 In 453 Badung District ofBaH Province (putu Widarini School ofPublic Health Udayana University)
61 Diet nutrition and the prevention of cervical cancer 459 (Ciptaningtyas R State Islamic Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta)
62 The Correlation Between Macro Nutrient Consumption and Physical Activities With 472 Overweight Among Children In School
at Jember Yusi Ratuawati Sulistiyani Dwinda Prianton Public Health Faculty
Jember University)
63 Correlation of family participant with nutrition status ofchildren under five years 477 old in village work area III north ueIlpasar (Ni Ketut Sutiari Lub Sudiasih I Agung Ayu Mabayuningsih School ofPublic Health Faculty ofMedicine Udayana University)
64 Does Birthweight Related With Chronic Diseases In Adult Life 488 (Suci Destriatania Faculty ofPublic Health University ofSriwijaya Indonesia)
65 Breastfueding Mother On Teens At Work Area Center 492 Year 2011
(Bina Melvia ofMedicine Nursing Science Study Programmiddot UNSRl)
66 The Effect ofMatemal Nutrition Anemia towards Low Birth 502 (Rini Mutahar Mis naniarti Fatmalina Srfwijaya University InlOnSlll
67 Relationship with Diarrhea In 508H1v1UvH
School Children (Fatmalina Indah Purnama Sari Public Sriwijaya University Indonesia)
Proceedings ofthe International Seminar October 2011
978-979-98938-5-7
68 Between and Lifestyle with prevalence In 513 medicine Moehammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang the Year 2011 (Nikson Sitorus Desti Widiastuti Health Polytechnic ofPalembang
69 Incident in Banyuasin Multilevel 519 Modelling Approach (Rismala Kesuma Kamaluddin Ngudiantoro Ibrahim Tjek Suryadi Departement ofPublic Health STIKES Darul Ma arifAl Baturaja
70 Factors Pap SmearIva Test among Women at 2 35 Years in 524 Denpasar Who Diagnosed Cancer At Hospital 2011 (Ni Luh Putu Suariyani Regina Chrysautie School ofPublic Health
ofMedicine Udayana University)
The Difference of Urinary Iodine (UEI) Increase between 531 With and Without Ascariasis Administration of
(Galuh Nita Prameswari Public Health Departement Sport Science Faculty Semarang University)
72 Analysis ofDeterminants ofTuberculosis In The Workers at PT Perkebunan 541 Nusantara XII (persero) (Anita Dewi Prahastuti Sujoso Ria Nuri Estu Karisma Irma Prasetyowati
ofEnvironmental and Occupational Safety of ofJember)
73 Risk Factors at dr Hospital of lember District- East 549 (NimaJ Baroya Pudjo Wahjudi Annisa Reykaningrum Public Faculty
University
74 Hip Structure Associated with 560 Osteoporosis Study (GOS) Data (Margaret Henry L J Department QfClinical and Biomedical Sciences The University QfMelboume Australia ofPublic Health Sriwijaya University Kampus Unsri Indralaya flir Sumaera Indonesia 3 School ofPopulation Health
University ofMelbourne Australia)
75 The Mellitus Risk Factors in Bangka (Titi Sari Renowati Amar Muntaba Dianita Environmental Health Laboratory and Disease Control Palembang Indonesia)
Vera 569
76 of Knowledge and about 580 With Attitudes From Indonesian People To People Living With Aids (PLHA)
Of SDKI 2007) Indonesia 2010 (Yeni Najmah IDni Mutahar ofPublic Health Sriwijaya University Indonesia)
77 of Epidemiologic of Filariasis in Sub-District of Tangkuno of Southeastern Sulawesi in 2009 (Ramadhan Devi Savitri Effendy Public Health Department of
Proceedings International Seminar Palembang 2011 xiii
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
Mathematics and Natural Sciences ofHaluoleo University Kendari) 78 Injecting Drug Users Not Needle 599
And Syringe Program InPalernbangSouth Sumatera (Najrnah Faculty Health University Indonesia)
79 The Use of Salivary A-Amylase And Symptoms Questionnaires as 605 lU-Vl For Distress Breast Cancer (Yong Zubaidah JO Saidi M Zalilab MS Yong HY and Zailina H Universiti Putra MalaySia Malaysia)
80 Self-Concept in Behavior of Chickens (Ayam Kampus) In 619
(Eti Rimawati Health Faculty Universitas Dian Nuswantoro)
81 Relation Intercourse among University 626 Students In Bandar Lampung (Roro Rukmi Windi Perdani Faculty ofMedicine University Lampung )
82 of Posyandu Information System of 635 Maternal and Child (Case at Manisrejo Urban Village Taman District in Madiun City Java Province) (Abu Health ofJember)
83 Health Reform as a Result of Decentralization Policy in Bali 641 Ayu Indrayatbi Pande Putu School Health Medicine
Faculti ofUdayana University)
84 The Relationship between Mix and University Interest in 647 Public Health Science Program Medicine Andalas
University 2011 (IsniatiSyahriaJVonicha Regia ofMedicine Andalas University)
85 Healthy Behavior-Based Development Model to a Free Larvae by irntnnnt Health In The Eastern District
(Nizwardi Azkha Rizanda Machmud ofMedicine Universitas Andalas pu7nYIo Indonesia)
86 Care Seeking Behaviour of Community and Tb 670 Nonformal (Nurul IslamyJ Haris
87 on Sexual Behavior in Adolescent at Seberan~ U1u Area 677
(Iche Andriyani Liberty Nur Alarn Fajar Elvi Sunarsih Faculty of Public Sriwijaya University Indonesia)
ofthe International Seminar 2011
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
88 Review Implementation Of The 564MENKESSKNlJ1I2006) (Iwan Stia Budi Faculty ofPublic
Desa (Kepmenkes No 684
89 The Study of Desa Siaga In (Misnaniarti Asmaripa Ainy Nur Alam Sriwijaya Indonesia)
Ilir District Faculty Health
690
90 Behavior Toward Methadone Maintenance Therapy 2010
697
(Tri Novia Kumalasari Faculty ofPublic Health Sriwijaya University Indonesia)
91 Who Have Tantrums Toddler Cbodijab Abdul Qudus Eka Fitri School
Faculty ofMedicine Sriwijaya Indonesia)
705
92 Factors that Influence the Behavior of Male Adolescence Smokers at Junior School Jakarta (Cicilia Nony Budi Sulistyowan Wuryastun School ofHealth Science Sin Carolus)
714
93 Stratification ofPublic For at Urban and Rural Areas in Indonesia (Ari hnany Rusilanti and Sachriani Home 111pound7gtfn State University Indonesia)
718
723
Name and of Presenter International 726
Proceedings ofthe International Seminar Palembang 20-22 October xv
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
BIODEGRADATION OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON BY SINGLE AND CONSORTIUM OF HYDROCARBONOCLASTIC BACTERIA FROM PETROELUM
POLLUTED
Hary Widjajanti1 Iswandi Anas2
Nuni Gofar MohRasyid Ridho3
1Student of Doctoral Program at the of the Graduate Program of Sriwijaya University haryunsriyahoocom 2 Bogor Agricultural Institute 3Sriwijaya University
The study on the biodegradation of hydrocarbons by a single culture and a of hydrocarbonoclastic 1lgtItP11 from mangrove areas contaminated -Vl
done The study to test bacteria isolate in aeJraOlTlg hydrocarbons to cnalfacten potential bacterial isolate uwq
petroleum hydrocarbon to hydrocarbonoclastic in biodegrading petroleum biodegradation test was
conducted by using a Out the isolates of bacteria that ae~ralatllon ability were selected isolates were further Cn~lIajtelnz~~a identified and made into a consortium combination of3 (three) 1lgttP11 LV biodegradation tests were conducted by combinations of a consortium 3 (three) replications Observed number of bacteria and np1prnlgt(TP of TPH (Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon) Five of the 29 bacterial v which have a high ability in rInrrarl
Bacillus aminovorans Pseudomonas alcaligenes (5304) (~1 ~~4) 8cuillys 8cl(illY~1i sphqeriqus vqr culture ofhydro carbo no clastic consortium which is capable highest percentage of 9186 ofAlcaligenes faecalis Pseudomonas Bacillus aminovorans
Key words blOae~rru1at1 hydrocarbonoc1astic bacteria llIau areas
INTRODUCTION terms of SOClOeCOinOlnlC
including their as a barrier to coastal windbreaker content in the air and pollutants in vuraquouou
2006) The mangrove South Sumatra and Bangka Belitung cover an area of
of which are in damaged condition 1 1 1 ha damaged and ha (1411) are not damaged 2006) quantitatively u from to year because of the land conversion for industrial residential and transportation forest area has decreased quantitatively for~its have also environmental degradation to example in the areas in South Sumatra especially the area and Upang areas are the areas of Watershed (DAS) of Musi
shipping Jm~s for oil fields Oil pollution in the
ofdrilling producing refming and ll the P9rt llg th~
mangrove ecosystem with the most severe
Seminal Palembang 212
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
waste oil in the waters can be carried out means of physical and
~ioltgilt~l P~y~c~ a1_~ chemical methlt~s (ire u~ual more eXj)efsive~ T1lt~ envir0l1111 entally friendly application can create new problems Therefore an alternative effort waste oil which relatively cost and does not cause any negative impact on aquatic
is The treatment is handling waste biologically method of biological treatment of waste oil is bioremediation LUU
which on degradation by means of degrading is an friendly way which is effective efficient and environmentally acceptable (Mangkoedibardjo 2005 and Syakti 2004)
Widj aj anti et al (2008) had found 29 hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria petroleum contaminated mangrove area All isolates can grow in oil contaminated environment and can used oil as carbon source but quantitatively their to degrade petroleum hydrocarbon still unknown as a so must potency in hydrocarbon
bacteria used in treating waste oil have higher if used as a or a mixed (Alpentri et al Mukred ei Oil-degrading
microbes not work as individual species but in form of consortium (Mangkoedihardjo 2005) According to Sanchez (2006) the consortium is a group microbes which are beneficial to one and carry out by which individual can not do According et al (2001) the of biodegradation of hydrocarbons to perfection cannot possibly be by only one type of microbe but it is always done by a set of
fate of is mote mixed ctirure compared with single cultures
study aims to 1) test ability of rlP[)TIrllta petroleum 2) IdentifY potential bacterial isolate petroleum
hydrocarbon 3) obtain a potential consortium hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria in biodegrading petroleum hydrocarbons
culture by filling the sourceofN
with a tJ~r Soeminarti liquid medium mixture was adjusted to pH 7 (Modification of Okoh amp Trejo 2006) treatment unit is on a shaker with a speed of 120 rpm at room temperature 7
(M11kred et aL 20()8) Of the 29 bacterial whose potential in degrading petroleum hydrocarbons are tested 5
isolates with the LIlt capability are five isolates highest ability will made into 1 0 of bacterial cultures with consortium-__-- -- -_ - _ - -
3 (three) conducted 3 (three)
Characterization and of hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria The characterization identification are on five hydrocarbonoclastic
l~rTr1~ with high ability Morphological characters of the bacteria being includes the growth plate Nutrient (NA) tilt NA medium and straight NA medium Cell morphology
iIiclldcent~ lirldCcentll cMiI1~ of Gram tfIld the ap~eIicentcent encloS1Pories (Pikoli e aI 2000) The characterization of physiological and biochemical properties
fat casein the glucose sucrose illdole ure~ Voges-Proskampler
the amp Sherman 1 isolates omaUleo
characterization (19942~ _ _ - -
PNYceedfngs 213
ISBN 978b 979b 98938-5b 7
Petroleum hydrocarbons biodegradation by 10 com binations of culture consortium Thi~ stage ma~i~J1 a curve of bacteria which is prepared by fol
Hadioetomos method (1990) is then followed making of curves consortium of and bacterial culture consortium standard curves
Experiments are prepared by using a of treatment of the 3 (three) of the 5 of bacteria with the
capability so are 10 (ten) treatments each ofwhich is (three) times The bioreactor biodegradation by is made by the same procedure in
bacterial but incubated for 14 days The observations measured are cell number the percentage of of petroleum hydrocarbons The C01Jntmg
of the nnmber of the is measured by a spectrophotometer (at wavelength 1 = l~ri into the equation of mixed culture (Hadioetomos
percentage of of hydrocarbons is Nugroho (2006) the weight loss of
the testing treatment showed of degradation occurred (ANOV A) at a of 005 is performed on data obtained the observations
there is a significan Well it will (l further New Multipl~ (DNMRT) Statistics Program-6
AND DISCUSSION
Petroleum bydrocarbon biodegradation by single culture bacteria The of the ability tests of the 29 bacterial in degrading petroleum hydrocarbons and
s~lection 5 (five) species (lOd molds with the capabilities are presented in Table 1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 iL 12 13 14
5016
4998 4978
23 24 25 26 27 28 29
3876
3525
Characteristerization and identification 5 (fIVe) species of h~fP1i~ Of of 5 species of with the highest
capability are used to create a mixed formula namely B25 (Bacillus aminovorans) (Pseudomonas alcaligenes) B20 (Alcaligenes jaecalis) (Bacillus cereus) (Bacillus
spbaricus var rotans) (Table 2) is in accordance and Colwell (1990) 200 bacteria that can degrade on the sea important areAchromobacter Acinetobacter Arthrobacer
Proceedings ofthe International Semfnar Palembang 20-22 214
combination
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
Petroleum hydrocarbons biodegradation by consortium culture bacteria
of a consortium of bacterial culture significantly bacteria and the percentage of oil degradation The bacterial population
10 (ten) a combination of bacterial culture consortium is pn~sentea
positive spore prodme spore produGe spore
Motifity Motile Non motile Motile Motile Non motile
Positive Positive Positive Negative Negative Negative Negative
Positive Positive Positive Negative Positive Pnsitive Negative
-Glucose Fermentation Negative Positive Negative Positive -Sucrose Fermentation Negative Negative Positive -Lactose Fennentation Negative Negative Negative
Negative Negative Negative -lntloll Production Negative Negative Negative -Urease Produktion Negative Negative Negative -Catalase Production Positive Positive Positive Positive Negative -Metyl red test Positive Negative Negative Negative
Proskauer test Negative Positive Negative -TSl test Negative Positive Positive
test Positive Positive Positive Negative -Nitrat reduction Positive Positive Positive
c-ereus aminavorans sPhaericus
of bacteria influences the number ofbacteria due awgeOly due to a synergistic interaction
bullt+1shy T1 are grown together in a single QmallUltIveJy different from the
Qelnmern m~dium
var rotans~ This is due to a - -~ - vrlPTTl
(1998) cell growth is at Pseudomonas causes an aS5oCIatlOn
Il~ility ~C ~lllt cC~~iIlllt~on of tlllt cannot be done alone The hydrocarbon source can be derived from a fraction of the breakdown of the breakdown of hydrocarbons by the other bacteria
Proceedings ofthe International Seminar Pal embang 2011 215
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
bacteria requires a specific substrate Some bacteria interact beneficially with each other in the form of consortium
The percentage of biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons is greater by using consortia of bacterial culture compared to usmg a single cuiture This is because the bacteria used in degrading waste oil typically have higher ability if used as a consortium culture Consortium cultures have a more complete profile of enzymes than a single culture According to Mukred et al (2008) hydrocarbon compounds which are iighter and simpler can be degraded earlier at an early stage by a
Table 3 The average bacterial population and the percentage of petroleum degradation of to combinations of consortium cultures
No Consortium cultures Bacterial population (cfumL) Petroleum degradation () 1 B24 + B25 + B29 19107 a 9113 cd
72 Bzl + Bz4 + Bz9 2910 b 8995 abed 3 B20 + B21 + B24 37107 e 9004 abed 4 B20 + B25 + B29 39107 c 8962 abc 5 B21 + B24 + Bzj 51107 d 9059 bed 6 B20 + B24 + B25 52107 de 9152 d 7 B20+B21+B29 57107 de 8881 a 8 B20+B24+B29 62107 de 8979 abc 9 B21+ B25 +B29 66107 ef 8952 ab 10 B20 + B2l + B25 81107 f 9186 d
Notes the numbers followed by the same small letters on the same column show no signIficance difference according DNMRT (a = 5) B20 Alcaligenes jaecalis B2l Pseudomonas alcaligenes 824 Bacillus cereus 825 Bacillus aminovorans B29 Bacillus sphaericus var rotans
bacterial culture then the compounds which have not been degraded in the early stages are degraded by the second culture and so on According Kanaly amp Harayama (1995) and Nugroho (2006) the composition of complex compounds such as petroleum hydrocarbons cause a single species of bacteria to be unable to degrade all the components of petroleum because each species of bacteria require a specific substrate Some bacteria which interact mutually beneficially with one another in the forin of a consortium have a highly beneficial role during the degradation process of petroleum hydrocarbons
The combination treatment of consortium culture which produces high percentage of degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons is a combination of AlcaTigenes jaecalis Pseudomonas alcaligenes and Bacillus aminovorans Alcaligenes faecalis Bacillus cereus and Bacillus aminovorans l Pseudomonas alcaligenes Bacillus cereuss and Bacillus aminovorans Pseudomonas alcaligenes Bacillus cereus and Bacillus aminovorans Alcaligenes jaecalis Pseudomonas alcaligenes ana Bacillus cereUS SeqUentiallY the aVerage percentages of degradation of perroletiili hydrocarbons are as follows 9186915291139059 and 9004 (Table 3) It is allegedly due to the fact that the genus Bacillus Pseudomonas and Alcaligenes are able to degrade petroleum hydrocarbons from low molecular weight to high molecular weight resulting in a high percentage of degradation According to Alexander (1977) genus Bacillus and Pseudomonas are capable of degrading petroleum hydrocarbons with low molecular weight such as ethane propane and butane and the petroleum hydrocarbons with high molecular weight such as aromatic hydrocarbons phenol naphthalene and antrasena According to Atlas amp Bartha (1998) the genus of Pseudomonas can grow and degrade petroleum hydrocarbons chain CW C36 According to Desai amp Vyas (2006) the genus Bacillus Pseudomonas and Alcaligenes are able to degrade saturated hydrocarbons monoaromatic hydrocarbons and polyaromatic hydrocarbons According to Zhu et al (2004) the genus Pseudomonas and Alcaligenes are bacterial consortium cultures which are able to degrade the components of petroleum hydrocarbons alkanes with carbon chain C20-C25 Presumably because of the differences in the ability of each genus in degrading petroleum hydrocarbons so that the hydrocarbon components of the low the medium and the high molecular weight can be degraded According to
hnceedings othe Internatioiwi Serrrindr Palembang 2()22 October 2011 216
Santoso DSB2006Hasil inventarisasi dan identifIkasi mangrove Prnnini
Kepulauan Belitung Buku I (buku PT Multima Krida P MMuiyono D dan ESantoso 2002 sulfonat
dalam bioremediasi limbah bumL 11(011
EKardena Ratnaningsih and Wisjnuprapto 2006 Improving the efectiveness of crude-oil hrlrultgtrlrAn hrlraquo1ltgtt1gtru employing Azotobacter Chroococcum co-inocuJant Faculty of Padjadjaran University 1-16 AD200S Multi-proses remediasi dalam penanganan (Oil di perairan laut dan
pesisir Seminar Bioremediasi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Mulawarman 16 MRRldho2008 RehabilitaSi Hutan Mangrove Studi Modeling Bioremediasi
Mengj~unakm Agen untuk Bahan di Hutan Mangrove Wilayah Propinsi Sumatera Selatan
Zhu X ADVenosa amp MT Suidan 2004 Literature review on the use of commercial bioremediation for clean up ofoil-contaminated estuarine environments EPAJ6001R-04075
October 218
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Foreword 111
Table of Contents IV
Papers of Keynote Speakers I Mental Illness In Australia (Dr Melanie Boursnell University ofNewcastle XVI
Australia)
2 Chemical Toxicology towards humans health and EHIA (Environmental Health xxvi Impact Assessment) in Thailand (ProfKraichat Tantrakarnapa Faculty of Public Health Mahidol University Thailand)
3 Nutrition transition in Indonesia (DR Ir Judhiastuty Februhartanty MSc xxxvii SEAMEO RECFON Indonesia Indonesia University)
4 Cancer Genetic And Environmental Causes And Risk Factors VI
(profDato Dr MS Lye University Putra Malaysia)
5 Accelerating Diversification In Food Consumption Based on Indigenous Resources VI
as An Alternative Action To Support Food Security In Indonesia (prof Drllindit Pambayun MP Sriwijaya University Indonesia)
Papers of Presenters A Food Security
1 Diversity Domination and Distribution Of Rice Stem Borer Species and it Interaction with Egg Parasitoids in Various Land Typology in Jambi (Viiyl1st Siti Herlinda2
Chandra Irsan Yulia Pujiastuti2 Agriculture Faculty ofJambi University Faculty ofAgriculture Sriwijaya Universi y)
2 Land Suitability for Elaeis Guineensis Jacq Plantation in South Sumatra Indonesia 10 (M Edi Armantol2 MA Adzemi2
Elisa Wildayana1 MS Imanudin1
SJ Priatna and GiantoJ Faculty ofAgriculture Sriwijaya University South Sumatra Indonesia 2Faculty ofAgrotechnology and Food Science (FASM) UMT Terengganu Malaysia 3Forestry Delineation Agency Department ofForestry Indonesia)
3 From Economic Valuation to Policy Making in Forest Conversion for Elaeis 19 Guineensis Jacq Plantation (Elisa WiJdayanal M Edi Armantol and MA Adzeme I Faculty of Agriculture Sriwijaya University Indanesia2Faculty afAgrotechnalagy and Food ampien9r (FASM) UMT Termgganu Malaysia)
4 Floating Agriculture Model from Bamboo for Rice Cultivation on Swamp Land At 27 South Sumatra (Siti Masreab Bernas Siti Nurul AF and Agung Maulana Sail Science Program Study and Low Land Management Field Agricultural Faculty Sriwijaya University )
5 The Responsiveness of Jambi Rice Acreage to Price and Production Costs 34 (Edison Faculty afAgriculture Jambi University Indonesia)
Proceedings ofthe International Seminar Palembang 20-22 October 2011 VI
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
6 as an Indicator of and Non Agricultural Labor Market Distortions In Indonesia Error Correction Model (ECM) Approach
Andy Mulyana3 Amruzi Minha3 Nurlina Tarmizi3
of Agriculture Sriwijaya University Indonesia)
40
7 Predator Aphis gossypii on Vagetable at Low Land areas in South Sumatera (Khodijab Haperidab Nunilabwati Dewi Medalima Faculty ofAgriculture Sriwijaya University Indonesia)
49
8 Population and Attack Sativae (Diptera Agromyzidae) and Interaction with Parasitoid on Tomato Cropping in Lowland of South Sumatra
Herlinda M Yunus Vmar Yulia Pujiastuti and Rosdab Thalib Chandra Irsan Plant Pest and Disease Department ofAgriculture r11AJ1TllEJ
University)
9 ofPalm Fruit Plantation And Cattle to Improve Production (Armina Fariani Arian Abrar and Gatot Muslim Animal Science Department Faculty Srtwijaya University)
66
10 Application of Penicillium spp Produced in Waste Materials to Control Neck Root Rot by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacco on Chili (A Muslim Sari Eka Permata Harman Hamidson Program Study Agroecotechnology Faculty ofAgriculture Srtwijaya University)
70
II Purification and Characterization Collagenase from Bacillus licheninformis FII4 BaebakjI Maggy TSuhartono2
Sukarno Dabrul Syabl Azis uJ~~alJ1 Setyabadtl and Friedheim Meinhardt4
IDepartement HnVTUltS Product Technology Faculty ofAgriculture Sriwijaya University 2Faculty
ofAgricultural Bogor Agricultural University JAgency for the Assessment and Application ofTechnology Republic 4Institute for Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology University Germany)
75
12 Biological Reproduction Menochilus Sexmaculatus (F) Predator Chili (Aphis From Central Vegetable At Low Areas Sumatera
(Haperidab NuniJabwati Dewi Meidalima dan Kbodijah Agriculture Faculty ofSriwijaya University Indonesia)
84
13 Study in Province
(Ketut Sukiyono Bambang Sumantri Nusril And Evanila Silvia ofagricultural socio -- economics Faculty ofAgriculture Bengkulu University)
91
14 PUmtClinic Driving Farmers Partners ~Cbandra Irsan Suwandi A Muslim sm Herlinda Department ofPlant Pests and Diseases ofAgriculture Sriwijaya University)
98
15 The Role ofBlotechnology In Overcoming the World Food Crisis (Suranto Department ofBiology FacultY ofNatural Sciences and MathematicshyUNS-Solo)
104
16 Impact ofInnovation Acceleration of Paddy Conunodities ornp(IntpIT In Musi
at 110
(Yanter Hutapea and Tumarlan Thamrin South Sumatra Assessment Institute for Technology Indonesia)
rn)C~ealn~gt~ ofthe International Olm1gt1nr 20-22 October 2011 vii
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
17 Performance of Several Area in South Sumatra (Tumarlan Thamrin Assessment Institute for
18
Lines of Tolerant Rice to Iron Tidal Swamp 116
Rice in South Sumatra to the 122
(Tumarlan Tbamrin Imelda Assessment Institute for
Waluyo dan Syahri South Sumatra Or1YU1lnCTlJ Indonesia)
19 The Dynamics ofIron (Fe) Solubility As a Result of Sulphate Acid Reclamation and the Way to
Ratmini dan Arifin Fahmi South Sumoera Assessment Agricultural Technology Indonesia)
128
20 ofIntegrated Farming rpTn 137
Ratmini dan Herwenita VrJfIlf7Jrlll Technology lrJ
Sumatera Assessment
21 of Erosion on Different Use in the Region Upstream Area (Das) Komering South Sumatra _
Priatnal MEdi Dinar DA Putranto2
Edward Robiyanto HS I Niken Suhesti 1 and SN AidiJ Fitril 1Faculty ofAgriculture
University South Sumatra Engineering Sriwijaya South Sumatra Indonesia lmWllesra
144
B nVilronrnlental and Climate Change
22 As Saccharide Source 151
Content ofMotor ofOrigin On Soil And Semambu Km 22 Highways - Palembang
aDI[)leon Dwi Probowati S Marji Putranto Faculty ofAgriculture
161
24 Using The Forest Zone Through The Low Carbon Development for The Welfare of the Society (Using the Forest
Welfare of the Orround r711T7HV Faculty
Qt(~mlanf Indonesia)
the Low Carbon
Sriwijaya
25 of the Sweet Corn IJHaLJVH and Terracing
~~fYHJ Kcwjlty
mays var saccharata) as result
26 Stilbenes from Heardwood ofMortIS Nigra and Cytotoxicity j 79 (Ferlinahayati11
Hakim2 Yana M Syah2
Lia D Juliawaty2 Jalifah Latip IDepartment Chemistry Faculty of and Natural Sciences Sriwijaya Product Research ofChemistry lnstitut JSchool ofChemical Technology
Proc(edings ofthe nai~lOJF1at Seminar Palembang lt-ult- 2011
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
Faculty of Science and Technology Malaysia) 27 Several Plant to Polluted Condition in the City J 84
(ES Halimi and Dian Agustina Department ofAgroecolechnoiogy of Agriculture Sriwijaya University)
28 Diversity in Pulokerto River Sumatra A 189 Preliminary Results (Hilda Zulkifli Doni Setiawan and Indra Yustian Department ofBiology Faculty Sriwijaya University)
29 Vegetational Structure and Composition in Pulokerto Island Musi 195 Palembang South (Indra Yustian dan Hilda Zulkifli ofBiology Faculty Sriwijaya University)
30 Change Plant Cd 200 (Nurhayati Department ofPlant Pest and Disease UrT1JII1J1V Faculty Sriwijaya
31 Biophysical Characteristics ofTailings Deposition Area and Its Contribution to 206 Growth -
(Yuanita Windusaril Robiyanto Hendro Susantol Zulkifli Dahlan2Wisnu SusetyoJ And Indra Yustian2
Doctoral student ofEnvironmental Science and ofMathematic and Sciences Faculty ofSriwijaya University of
Environmental Sciences Programme Sriwijaya University and Supervisor 3Senior Advisor PT Indonesia and Supervisor commission)
32 Biodegradation of Petroleum Hydrocarbon by and Consortium of 212 Bacteria Petroleum Polluted Areas
(Hary Widjajantil Iswandi Nuni MobRasyid Ridho lAgricutural Science ofthe Graduate Program ofSri wi jaya University)
C Education and Others
33 and Model Solar 221 (a lot~)
(Yuwana Bosman Sidebang and Evanila Silvia Department ofAgricultural Faculty ofAgriculture
34 Proposes ofImplementation of Sustainable Subgrade on 228 South Sumateni By Combustion PrOducts as Achmad FauziJ
Usama Jnniansyah Fauze Wan Mohd Nazmi3
3 The Faculty ofCivil and Earth Malaysia pjn Malaysia 2FacultyofCivi and Institut Teknologi Bandung Indonesia)
35 Green Pavement by Modified Asphalt as 236 Replacement and Earth Malaysia
(Wan Mohd Nazmi and Wan Abdul Rahman Wan Wan Idris and Achmad Abdul Wahab Faculty and Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak Gam bang
Proceedings ofthe International 20-22 October 2011 ix
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
36 of Coal Mining Activity (Syaifudin Administration Faculty Social and
Science Program University
and Restn Juniah2) Sriwijaya
242
37 250
38 Chemical Compound Of Gout (Elfita1 Sciences) University)
259
39 3-0XO from the Stem Bark of Manggu (Garcinia cornea) (Mubarni Handi Department oChemistry Faculty and Natural Science Sriwijaya University Indralaya South Sumatera Indonesia)
265
40 Antioxidant Flavonoids runjuk Langit (Helminthostacys Zaylanica) (Fitrya 1 Mubarnil dan Eliza Department oChemistry University Sriwijaya)
271
41 The Industry Characteristic and View their Influence On Relations In Indonesian Industry (Explorations From Three Case Studies) (Hendragnnawan John Lewer Hasanuddin
276
42 Competitiveness Telecommunications (Kesi Widjajanti Hrll1JIJl
indonesiai -
Enterprises (Soes)
LJLfJIfL Semarang University PI1nr-nn
289
43 Prospects and ChaIlenges Indonesia (Daryono Udan
Introduction ofOpen Educational Resources in Olivia Idrus)
299
44 Research Collaboration on Assurance Open and Distance Asia (Endang Nugraheni Aminudin Zuhairi Universitas Terbuka lnaones
306
45 Fast Ship Serving South to West (Muhammad Albam Djabbar and Andi Haris Mubammad
nYE)TYngtM Department Hasanuddin University MlIIWSScrr lflU(JneIulJ
313
D Public Healtb and Medical Science
Exposure and Kersana Sub District Brebes
Siwiendrayanti Public Semarang State University)
on Childbearin~-A~e Women in
Department Sport Science Faculty
316
International October 2011 x
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
47 Factors Related to The Occurrence Low Back Pain Complaints On 325 Care Center PT Telekomunikasi
Tbk Year 2010 (Yuli M Farid Harnzens Juniar Tri State 15lamic University Syarif Hidayalullah Jakarta)
48 Relation Work Risk Factors with Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) 334 ofGold Miner Workers In Cilograng-Banten on 2010 (YuH Raibana Nadra Alkaff Eudang Bukbori State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta)
49 Effect of Rehydration Solutions on Fatigue Among Women Workers 343 (Mardiana Departement Sport Science Semarang State University)
50 The Association between Risk L~A RULA and Musculoskeleatal 349 Symptom among Workers in a Printing Manufacturing Company Malaysia (Me Foong 2A Mobd Yusof IB Mobd Rafee and lAA Abmad J Department ofCommunity Health Medicine and Health Sczemes University Putra Malaysia )
51 Productive Work Time Lost Because OfEmployee Behaviour in Wood 356 Industry in Jepara District Central Java (Nurjanab1
Zabrob SbaJubiyab2 Bagoes Widjanarko2
JMasterStudent Health Promotion Program ofHealth Faculty ofDian Nuswantoro University Semarang ofHealth Promotion Program ofDiponegoro Semarang)
52 Quality and Water Borne at The Lowland in 366 (Dianita Ekawati1
Tan Malaka1 Robiyanto MT Kamaluddin Dwi
SetiawanJ Amar Muntaha1
i J)cpartment BinG Husada 30131 Indonesia 2Medicine ofSriwijaya University 3Agriculture Faculty ofSriwijaya University
53 Measuring Escherichia Coli in Foods And Beverages Towards Certification of 381 Cafeteria Campus (Dewi Susanna M Indrawan1
Zakianis1Tris Eryando Fitria Kartika A Dimarsetiot ~===~ iFacuity Health InlrrW7f Student Public Health SP1PYIP Indonesia University Indonesia)
54 Adverse Handling to Woman Child (WCA) in 385 Area (ImeJda Gernauli Purba Faculty ofPublic Sriwijaya
University Indonesia)
55 Comparative Analysis of Occupational Safety and Risk Management I--rnm-rltlrn at Indonesia and National University of (Anita CameIia Faculty ofPublic Health University ofSriwijaya Indonesia)
56 Analysis of oflead (Pb) in semen and sperm motility at the Laboratory of 406 Medkal Biology Faculty of University of Sriwijaya (Nani Sari Murnit Tan Malaka dan M Zulkarnain1
2Faculty Medicine OfSriwijaya University)
International October 2011 Xl
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
57 Protective Equipment With 432 Disorders Wood Furniture Workers In Kecamatan lndralaya and
Kecamatan Indralaya Utara 2011 (Herliawati Christine Sihaloho Nursing Sience Study
Medicine Sriwijaya University Indonesia)
58 Value ofChildren as Determinants Nutrition on The Environment 438 Vulnerable Sociocultural Nutrition (Village Pecuk District Mijen Demak Central Java) (Oktia Woro Kasmini Department ofPublic Health ScienCes FlK UNNES
59 ofRhodamine B Coolde ofTraditional Food (Study at Pasar 445 Tanjung of Jeurombeuror Reurogeuroncy) (Khoiron Astri Rizky Vitantina Rabayu Sri Pujiati Departemenl Environmental and Occupational Health amp Sqfety Faculty ofPublic Health University ofJember)
60 In 453 Badung District ofBaH Province (putu Widarini School ofPublic Health Udayana University)
61 Diet nutrition and the prevention of cervical cancer 459 (Ciptaningtyas R State Islamic Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta)
62 The Correlation Between Macro Nutrient Consumption and Physical Activities With 472 Overweight Among Children In School
at Jember Yusi Ratuawati Sulistiyani Dwinda Prianton Public Health Faculty
Jember University)
63 Correlation of family participant with nutrition status ofchildren under five years 477 old in village work area III north ueIlpasar (Ni Ketut Sutiari Lub Sudiasih I Agung Ayu Mabayuningsih School ofPublic Health Faculty ofMedicine Udayana University)
64 Does Birthweight Related With Chronic Diseases In Adult Life 488 (Suci Destriatania Faculty ofPublic Health University ofSriwijaya Indonesia)
65 Breastfueding Mother On Teens At Work Area Center 492 Year 2011
(Bina Melvia ofMedicine Nursing Science Study Programmiddot UNSRl)
66 The Effect ofMatemal Nutrition Anemia towards Low Birth 502 (Rini Mutahar Mis naniarti Fatmalina Srfwijaya University InlOnSlll
67 Relationship with Diarrhea In 508H1v1UvH
School Children (Fatmalina Indah Purnama Sari Public Sriwijaya University Indonesia)
Proceedings ofthe International Seminar October 2011
978-979-98938-5-7
68 Between and Lifestyle with prevalence In 513 medicine Moehammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang the Year 2011 (Nikson Sitorus Desti Widiastuti Health Polytechnic ofPalembang
69 Incident in Banyuasin Multilevel 519 Modelling Approach (Rismala Kesuma Kamaluddin Ngudiantoro Ibrahim Tjek Suryadi Departement ofPublic Health STIKES Darul Ma arifAl Baturaja
70 Factors Pap SmearIva Test among Women at 2 35 Years in 524 Denpasar Who Diagnosed Cancer At Hospital 2011 (Ni Luh Putu Suariyani Regina Chrysautie School ofPublic Health
ofMedicine Udayana University)
The Difference of Urinary Iodine (UEI) Increase between 531 With and Without Ascariasis Administration of
(Galuh Nita Prameswari Public Health Departement Sport Science Faculty Semarang University)
72 Analysis ofDeterminants ofTuberculosis In The Workers at PT Perkebunan 541 Nusantara XII (persero) (Anita Dewi Prahastuti Sujoso Ria Nuri Estu Karisma Irma Prasetyowati
ofEnvironmental and Occupational Safety of ofJember)
73 Risk Factors at dr Hospital of lember District- East 549 (NimaJ Baroya Pudjo Wahjudi Annisa Reykaningrum Public Faculty
University
74 Hip Structure Associated with 560 Osteoporosis Study (GOS) Data (Margaret Henry L J Department QfClinical and Biomedical Sciences The University QfMelboume Australia ofPublic Health Sriwijaya University Kampus Unsri Indralaya flir Sumaera Indonesia 3 School ofPopulation Health
University ofMelbourne Australia)
75 The Mellitus Risk Factors in Bangka (Titi Sari Renowati Amar Muntaba Dianita Environmental Health Laboratory and Disease Control Palembang Indonesia)
Vera 569
76 of Knowledge and about 580 With Attitudes From Indonesian People To People Living With Aids (PLHA)
Of SDKI 2007) Indonesia 2010 (Yeni Najmah IDni Mutahar ofPublic Health Sriwijaya University Indonesia)
77 of Epidemiologic of Filariasis in Sub-District of Tangkuno of Southeastern Sulawesi in 2009 (Ramadhan Devi Savitri Effendy Public Health Department of
Proceedings International Seminar Palembang 2011 xiii
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
Mathematics and Natural Sciences ofHaluoleo University Kendari) 78 Injecting Drug Users Not Needle 599
And Syringe Program InPalernbangSouth Sumatera (Najrnah Faculty Health University Indonesia)
79 The Use of Salivary A-Amylase And Symptoms Questionnaires as 605 lU-Vl For Distress Breast Cancer (Yong Zubaidah JO Saidi M Zalilab MS Yong HY and Zailina H Universiti Putra MalaySia Malaysia)
80 Self-Concept in Behavior of Chickens (Ayam Kampus) In 619
(Eti Rimawati Health Faculty Universitas Dian Nuswantoro)
81 Relation Intercourse among University 626 Students In Bandar Lampung (Roro Rukmi Windi Perdani Faculty ofMedicine University Lampung )
82 of Posyandu Information System of 635 Maternal and Child (Case at Manisrejo Urban Village Taman District in Madiun City Java Province) (Abu Health ofJember)
83 Health Reform as a Result of Decentralization Policy in Bali 641 Ayu Indrayatbi Pande Putu School Health Medicine
Faculti ofUdayana University)
84 The Relationship between Mix and University Interest in 647 Public Health Science Program Medicine Andalas
University 2011 (IsniatiSyahriaJVonicha Regia ofMedicine Andalas University)
85 Healthy Behavior-Based Development Model to a Free Larvae by irntnnnt Health In The Eastern District
(Nizwardi Azkha Rizanda Machmud ofMedicine Universitas Andalas pu7nYIo Indonesia)
86 Care Seeking Behaviour of Community and Tb 670 Nonformal (Nurul IslamyJ Haris
87 on Sexual Behavior in Adolescent at Seberan~ U1u Area 677
(Iche Andriyani Liberty Nur Alarn Fajar Elvi Sunarsih Faculty of Public Sriwijaya University Indonesia)
ofthe International Seminar 2011
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
88 Review Implementation Of The 564MENKESSKNlJ1I2006) (Iwan Stia Budi Faculty ofPublic
Desa (Kepmenkes No 684
89 The Study of Desa Siaga In (Misnaniarti Asmaripa Ainy Nur Alam Sriwijaya Indonesia)
Ilir District Faculty Health
690
90 Behavior Toward Methadone Maintenance Therapy 2010
697
(Tri Novia Kumalasari Faculty ofPublic Health Sriwijaya University Indonesia)
91 Who Have Tantrums Toddler Cbodijab Abdul Qudus Eka Fitri School
Faculty ofMedicine Sriwijaya Indonesia)
705
92 Factors that Influence the Behavior of Male Adolescence Smokers at Junior School Jakarta (Cicilia Nony Budi Sulistyowan Wuryastun School ofHealth Science Sin Carolus)
714
93 Stratification ofPublic For at Urban and Rural Areas in Indonesia (Ari hnany Rusilanti and Sachriani Home 111pound7gtfn State University Indonesia)
718
723
Name and of Presenter International 726
Proceedings ofthe International Seminar Palembang 20-22 October xv
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
BIODEGRADATION OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON BY SINGLE AND CONSORTIUM OF HYDROCARBONOCLASTIC BACTERIA FROM PETROELUM
POLLUTED
Hary Widjajanti1 Iswandi Anas2
Nuni Gofar MohRasyid Ridho3
1Student of Doctoral Program at the of the Graduate Program of Sriwijaya University haryunsriyahoocom 2 Bogor Agricultural Institute 3Sriwijaya University
The study on the biodegradation of hydrocarbons by a single culture and a of hydrocarbonoclastic 1lgtItP11 from mangrove areas contaminated -Vl
done The study to test bacteria isolate in aeJraOlTlg hydrocarbons to cnalfacten potential bacterial isolate uwq
petroleum hydrocarbon to hydrocarbonoclastic in biodegrading petroleum biodegradation test was
conducted by using a Out the isolates of bacteria that ae~ralatllon ability were selected isolates were further Cn~lIajtelnz~~a identified and made into a consortium combination of3 (three) 1lgttP11 LV biodegradation tests were conducted by combinations of a consortium 3 (three) replications Observed number of bacteria and np1prnlgt(TP of TPH (Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon) Five of the 29 bacterial v which have a high ability in rInrrarl
Bacillus aminovorans Pseudomonas alcaligenes (5304) (~1 ~~4) 8cuillys 8cl(illY~1i sphqeriqus vqr culture ofhydro carbo no clastic consortium which is capable highest percentage of 9186 ofAlcaligenes faecalis Pseudomonas Bacillus aminovorans
Key words blOae~rru1at1 hydrocarbonoc1astic bacteria llIau areas
INTRODUCTION terms of SOClOeCOinOlnlC
including their as a barrier to coastal windbreaker content in the air and pollutants in vuraquouou
2006) The mangrove South Sumatra and Bangka Belitung cover an area of
of which are in damaged condition 1 1 1 ha damaged and ha (1411) are not damaged 2006) quantitatively u from to year because of the land conversion for industrial residential and transportation forest area has decreased quantitatively for~its have also environmental degradation to example in the areas in South Sumatra especially the area and Upang areas are the areas of Watershed (DAS) of Musi
shipping Jm~s for oil fields Oil pollution in the
ofdrilling producing refming and ll the P9rt llg th~
mangrove ecosystem with the most severe
Seminal Palembang 212
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
waste oil in the waters can be carried out means of physical and
~ioltgilt~l P~y~c~ a1_~ chemical methlt~s (ire u~ual more eXj)efsive~ T1lt~ envir0l1111 entally friendly application can create new problems Therefore an alternative effort waste oil which relatively cost and does not cause any negative impact on aquatic
is The treatment is handling waste biologically method of biological treatment of waste oil is bioremediation LUU
which on degradation by means of degrading is an friendly way which is effective efficient and environmentally acceptable (Mangkoedibardjo 2005 and Syakti 2004)
Widj aj anti et al (2008) had found 29 hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria petroleum contaminated mangrove area All isolates can grow in oil contaminated environment and can used oil as carbon source but quantitatively their to degrade petroleum hydrocarbon still unknown as a so must potency in hydrocarbon
bacteria used in treating waste oil have higher if used as a or a mixed (Alpentri et al Mukred ei Oil-degrading
microbes not work as individual species but in form of consortium (Mangkoedihardjo 2005) According to Sanchez (2006) the consortium is a group microbes which are beneficial to one and carry out by which individual can not do According et al (2001) the of biodegradation of hydrocarbons to perfection cannot possibly be by only one type of microbe but it is always done by a set of
fate of is mote mixed ctirure compared with single cultures
study aims to 1) test ability of rlP[)TIrllta petroleum 2) IdentifY potential bacterial isolate petroleum
hydrocarbon 3) obtain a potential consortium hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria in biodegrading petroleum hydrocarbons
culture by filling the sourceofN
with a tJ~r Soeminarti liquid medium mixture was adjusted to pH 7 (Modification of Okoh amp Trejo 2006) treatment unit is on a shaker with a speed of 120 rpm at room temperature 7
(M11kred et aL 20()8) Of the 29 bacterial whose potential in degrading petroleum hydrocarbons are tested 5
isolates with the LIlt capability are five isolates highest ability will made into 1 0 of bacterial cultures with consortium-__-- -- -_ - _ - -
3 (three) conducted 3 (three)
Characterization and of hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria The characterization identification are on five hydrocarbonoclastic
l~rTr1~ with high ability Morphological characters of the bacteria being includes the growth plate Nutrient (NA) tilt NA medium and straight NA medium Cell morphology
iIiclldcent~ lirldCcentll cMiI1~ of Gram tfIld the ap~eIicentcent encloS1Pories (Pikoli e aI 2000) The characterization of physiological and biochemical properties
fat casein the glucose sucrose illdole ure~ Voges-Proskampler
the amp Sherman 1 isolates omaUleo
characterization (19942~ _ _ - -
PNYceedfngs 213
ISBN 978b 979b 98938-5b 7
Petroleum hydrocarbons biodegradation by 10 com binations of culture consortium Thi~ stage ma~i~J1 a curve of bacteria which is prepared by fol
Hadioetomos method (1990) is then followed making of curves consortium of and bacterial culture consortium standard curves
Experiments are prepared by using a of treatment of the 3 (three) of the 5 of bacteria with the
capability so are 10 (ten) treatments each ofwhich is (three) times The bioreactor biodegradation by is made by the same procedure in
bacterial but incubated for 14 days The observations measured are cell number the percentage of of petroleum hydrocarbons The C01Jntmg
of the nnmber of the is measured by a spectrophotometer (at wavelength 1 = l~ri into the equation of mixed culture (Hadioetomos
percentage of of hydrocarbons is Nugroho (2006) the weight loss of
the testing treatment showed of degradation occurred (ANOV A) at a of 005 is performed on data obtained the observations
there is a significan Well it will (l further New Multipl~ (DNMRT) Statistics Program-6
AND DISCUSSION
Petroleum bydrocarbon biodegradation by single culture bacteria The of the ability tests of the 29 bacterial in degrading petroleum hydrocarbons and
s~lection 5 (five) species (lOd molds with the capabilities are presented in Table 1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 iL 12 13 14
5016
4998 4978
23 24 25 26 27 28 29
3876
3525
Characteristerization and identification 5 (fIVe) species of h~fP1i~ Of of 5 species of with the highest
capability are used to create a mixed formula namely B25 (Bacillus aminovorans) (Pseudomonas alcaligenes) B20 (Alcaligenes jaecalis) (Bacillus cereus) (Bacillus
spbaricus var rotans) (Table 2) is in accordance and Colwell (1990) 200 bacteria that can degrade on the sea important areAchromobacter Acinetobacter Arthrobacer
Proceedings ofthe International Semfnar Palembang 20-22 214
combination
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
Petroleum hydrocarbons biodegradation by consortium culture bacteria
of a consortium of bacterial culture significantly bacteria and the percentage of oil degradation The bacterial population
10 (ten) a combination of bacterial culture consortium is pn~sentea
positive spore prodme spore produGe spore
Motifity Motile Non motile Motile Motile Non motile
Positive Positive Positive Negative Negative Negative Negative
Positive Positive Positive Negative Positive Pnsitive Negative
-Glucose Fermentation Negative Positive Negative Positive -Sucrose Fermentation Negative Negative Positive -Lactose Fennentation Negative Negative Negative
Negative Negative Negative -lntloll Production Negative Negative Negative -Urease Produktion Negative Negative Negative -Catalase Production Positive Positive Positive Positive Negative -Metyl red test Positive Negative Negative Negative
Proskauer test Negative Positive Negative -TSl test Negative Positive Positive
test Positive Positive Positive Negative -Nitrat reduction Positive Positive Positive
c-ereus aminavorans sPhaericus
of bacteria influences the number ofbacteria due awgeOly due to a synergistic interaction
bullt+1shy T1 are grown together in a single QmallUltIveJy different from the
Qelnmern m~dium
var rotans~ This is due to a - -~ - vrlPTTl
(1998) cell growth is at Pseudomonas causes an aS5oCIatlOn
Il~ility ~C ~lllt cC~~iIlllt~on of tlllt cannot be done alone The hydrocarbon source can be derived from a fraction of the breakdown of the breakdown of hydrocarbons by the other bacteria
Proceedings ofthe International Seminar Pal embang 2011 215
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
bacteria requires a specific substrate Some bacteria interact beneficially with each other in the form of consortium
The percentage of biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons is greater by using consortia of bacterial culture compared to usmg a single cuiture This is because the bacteria used in degrading waste oil typically have higher ability if used as a consortium culture Consortium cultures have a more complete profile of enzymes than a single culture According to Mukred et al (2008) hydrocarbon compounds which are iighter and simpler can be degraded earlier at an early stage by a
Table 3 The average bacterial population and the percentage of petroleum degradation of to combinations of consortium cultures
No Consortium cultures Bacterial population (cfumL) Petroleum degradation () 1 B24 + B25 + B29 19107 a 9113 cd
72 Bzl + Bz4 + Bz9 2910 b 8995 abed 3 B20 + B21 + B24 37107 e 9004 abed 4 B20 + B25 + B29 39107 c 8962 abc 5 B21 + B24 + Bzj 51107 d 9059 bed 6 B20 + B24 + B25 52107 de 9152 d 7 B20+B21+B29 57107 de 8881 a 8 B20+B24+B29 62107 de 8979 abc 9 B21+ B25 +B29 66107 ef 8952 ab 10 B20 + B2l + B25 81107 f 9186 d
Notes the numbers followed by the same small letters on the same column show no signIficance difference according DNMRT (a = 5) B20 Alcaligenes jaecalis B2l Pseudomonas alcaligenes 824 Bacillus cereus 825 Bacillus aminovorans B29 Bacillus sphaericus var rotans
bacterial culture then the compounds which have not been degraded in the early stages are degraded by the second culture and so on According Kanaly amp Harayama (1995) and Nugroho (2006) the composition of complex compounds such as petroleum hydrocarbons cause a single species of bacteria to be unable to degrade all the components of petroleum because each species of bacteria require a specific substrate Some bacteria which interact mutually beneficially with one another in the forin of a consortium have a highly beneficial role during the degradation process of petroleum hydrocarbons
The combination treatment of consortium culture which produces high percentage of degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons is a combination of AlcaTigenes jaecalis Pseudomonas alcaligenes and Bacillus aminovorans Alcaligenes faecalis Bacillus cereus and Bacillus aminovorans l Pseudomonas alcaligenes Bacillus cereuss and Bacillus aminovorans Pseudomonas alcaligenes Bacillus cereus and Bacillus aminovorans Alcaligenes jaecalis Pseudomonas alcaligenes ana Bacillus cereUS SeqUentiallY the aVerage percentages of degradation of perroletiili hydrocarbons are as follows 9186915291139059 and 9004 (Table 3) It is allegedly due to the fact that the genus Bacillus Pseudomonas and Alcaligenes are able to degrade petroleum hydrocarbons from low molecular weight to high molecular weight resulting in a high percentage of degradation According to Alexander (1977) genus Bacillus and Pseudomonas are capable of degrading petroleum hydrocarbons with low molecular weight such as ethane propane and butane and the petroleum hydrocarbons with high molecular weight such as aromatic hydrocarbons phenol naphthalene and antrasena According to Atlas amp Bartha (1998) the genus of Pseudomonas can grow and degrade petroleum hydrocarbons chain CW C36 According to Desai amp Vyas (2006) the genus Bacillus Pseudomonas and Alcaligenes are able to degrade saturated hydrocarbons monoaromatic hydrocarbons and polyaromatic hydrocarbons According to Zhu et al (2004) the genus Pseudomonas and Alcaligenes are bacterial consortium cultures which are able to degrade the components of petroleum hydrocarbons alkanes with carbon chain C20-C25 Presumably because of the differences in the ability of each genus in degrading petroleum hydrocarbons so that the hydrocarbon components of the low the medium and the high molecular weight can be degraded According to
hnceedings othe Internatioiwi Serrrindr Palembang 2()22 October 2011 216
Santoso DSB2006Hasil inventarisasi dan identifIkasi mangrove Prnnini
Kepulauan Belitung Buku I (buku PT Multima Krida P MMuiyono D dan ESantoso 2002 sulfonat
dalam bioremediasi limbah bumL 11(011
EKardena Ratnaningsih and Wisjnuprapto 2006 Improving the efectiveness of crude-oil hrlrultgtrlrAn hrlraquo1ltgtt1gtru employing Azotobacter Chroococcum co-inocuJant Faculty of Padjadjaran University 1-16 AD200S Multi-proses remediasi dalam penanganan (Oil di perairan laut dan
pesisir Seminar Bioremediasi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Mulawarman 16 MRRldho2008 RehabilitaSi Hutan Mangrove Studi Modeling Bioremediasi
Mengj~unakm Agen untuk Bahan di Hutan Mangrove Wilayah Propinsi Sumatera Selatan
Zhu X ADVenosa amp MT Suidan 2004 Literature review on the use of commercial bioremediation for clean up ofoil-contaminated estuarine environments EPAJ6001R-04075
October 218
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
6 as an Indicator of and Non Agricultural Labor Market Distortions In Indonesia Error Correction Model (ECM) Approach
Andy Mulyana3 Amruzi Minha3 Nurlina Tarmizi3
of Agriculture Sriwijaya University Indonesia)
40
7 Predator Aphis gossypii on Vagetable at Low Land areas in South Sumatera (Khodijab Haperidab Nunilabwati Dewi Medalima Faculty ofAgriculture Sriwijaya University Indonesia)
49
8 Population and Attack Sativae (Diptera Agromyzidae) and Interaction with Parasitoid on Tomato Cropping in Lowland of South Sumatra
Herlinda M Yunus Vmar Yulia Pujiastuti and Rosdab Thalib Chandra Irsan Plant Pest and Disease Department ofAgriculture r11AJ1TllEJ
University)
9 ofPalm Fruit Plantation And Cattle to Improve Production (Armina Fariani Arian Abrar and Gatot Muslim Animal Science Department Faculty Srtwijaya University)
66
10 Application of Penicillium spp Produced in Waste Materials to Control Neck Root Rot by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacco on Chili (A Muslim Sari Eka Permata Harman Hamidson Program Study Agroecotechnology Faculty ofAgriculture Srtwijaya University)
70
II Purification and Characterization Collagenase from Bacillus licheninformis FII4 BaebakjI Maggy TSuhartono2
Sukarno Dabrul Syabl Azis uJ~~alJ1 Setyabadtl and Friedheim Meinhardt4
IDepartement HnVTUltS Product Technology Faculty ofAgriculture Sriwijaya University 2Faculty
ofAgricultural Bogor Agricultural University JAgency for the Assessment and Application ofTechnology Republic 4Institute for Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology University Germany)
75
12 Biological Reproduction Menochilus Sexmaculatus (F) Predator Chili (Aphis From Central Vegetable At Low Areas Sumatera
(Haperidab NuniJabwati Dewi Meidalima dan Kbodijah Agriculture Faculty ofSriwijaya University Indonesia)
84
13 Study in Province
(Ketut Sukiyono Bambang Sumantri Nusril And Evanila Silvia ofagricultural socio -- economics Faculty ofAgriculture Bengkulu University)
91
14 PUmtClinic Driving Farmers Partners ~Cbandra Irsan Suwandi A Muslim sm Herlinda Department ofPlant Pests and Diseases ofAgriculture Sriwijaya University)
98
15 The Role ofBlotechnology In Overcoming the World Food Crisis (Suranto Department ofBiology FacultY ofNatural Sciences and MathematicshyUNS-Solo)
104
16 Impact ofInnovation Acceleration of Paddy Conunodities ornp(IntpIT In Musi
at 110
(Yanter Hutapea and Tumarlan Thamrin South Sumatra Assessment Institute for Technology Indonesia)
rn)C~ealn~gt~ ofthe International Olm1gt1nr 20-22 October 2011 vii
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
17 Performance of Several Area in South Sumatra (Tumarlan Thamrin Assessment Institute for
18
Lines of Tolerant Rice to Iron Tidal Swamp 116
Rice in South Sumatra to the 122
(Tumarlan Tbamrin Imelda Assessment Institute for
Waluyo dan Syahri South Sumatra Or1YU1lnCTlJ Indonesia)
19 The Dynamics ofIron (Fe) Solubility As a Result of Sulphate Acid Reclamation and the Way to
Ratmini dan Arifin Fahmi South Sumoera Assessment Agricultural Technology Indonesia)
128
20 ofIntegrated Farming rpTn 137
Ratmini dan Herwenita VrJfIlf7Jrlll Technology lrJ
Sumatera Assessment
21 of Erosion on Different Use in the Region Upstream Area (Das) Komering South Sumatra _
Priatnal MEdi Dinar DA Putranto2
Edward Robiyanto HS I Niken Suhesti 1 and SN AidiJ Fitril 1Faculty ofAgriculture
University South Sumatra Engineering Sriwijaya South Sumatra Indonesia lmWllesra
144
B nVilronrnlental and Climate Change
22 As Saccharide Source 151
Content ofMotor ofOrigin On Soil And Semambu Km 22 Highways - Palembang
aDI[)leon Dwi Probowati S Marji Putranto Faculty ofAgriculture
161
24 Using The Forest Zone Through The Low Carbon Development for The Welfare of the Society (Using the Forest
Welfare of the Orround r711T7HV Faculty
Qt(~mlanf Indonesia)
the Low Carbon
Sriwijaya
25 of the Sweet Corn IJHaLJVH and Terracing
~~fYHJ Kcwjlty
mays var saccharata) as result
26 Stilbenes from Heardwood ofMortIS Nigra and Cytotoxicity j 79 (Ferlinahayati11
Hakim2 Yana M Syah2
Lia D Juliawaty2 Jalifah Latip IDepartment Chemistry Faculty of and Natural Sciences Sriwijaya Product Research ofChemistry lnstitut JSchool ofChemical Technology
Proc(edings ofthe nai~lOJF1at Seminar Palembang lt-ult- 2011
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
Faculty of Science and Technology Malaysia) 27 Several Plant to Polluted Condition in the City J 84
(ES Halimi and Dian Agustina Department ofAgroecolechnoiogy of Agriculture Sriwijaya University)
28 Diversity in Pulokerto River Sumatra A 189 Preliminary Results (Hilda Zulkifli Doni Setiawan and Indra Yustian Department ofBiology Faculty Sriwijaya University)
29 Vegetational Structure and Composition in Pulokerto Island Musi 195 Palembang South (Indra Yustian dan Hilda Zulkifli ofBiology Faculty Sriwijaya University)
30 Change Plant Cd 200 (Nurhayati Department ofPlant Pest and Disease UrT1JII1J1V Faculty Sriwijaya
31 Biophysical Characteristics ofTailings Deposition Area and Its Contribution to 206 Growth -
(Yuanita Windusaril Robiyanto Hendro Susantol Zulkifli Dahlan2Wisnu SusetyoJ And Indra Yustian2
Doctoral student ofEnvironmental Science and ofMathematic and Sciences Faculty ofSriwijaya University of
Environmental Sciences Programme Sriwijaya University and Supervisor 3Senior Advisor PT Indonesia and Supervisor commission)
32 Biodegradation of Petroleum Hydrocarbon by and Consortium of 212 Bacteria Petroleum Polluted Areas
(Hary Widjajantil Iswandi Nuni MobRasyid Ridho lAgricutural Science ofthe Graduate Program ofSri wi jaya University)
C Education and Others
33 and Model Solar 221 (a lot~)
(Yuwana Bosman Sidebang and Evanila Silvia Department ofAgricultural Faculty ofAgriculture
34 Proposes ofImplementation of Sustainable Subgrade on 228 South Sumateni By Combustion PrOducts as Achmad FauziJ
Usama Jnniansyah Fauze Wan Mohd Nazmi3
3 The Faculty ofCivil and Earth Malaysia pjn Malaysia 2FacultyofCivi and Institut Teknologi Bandung Indonesia)
35 Green Pavement by Modified Asphalt as 236 Replacement and Earth Malaysia
(Wan Mohd Nazmi and Wan Abdul Rahman Wan Wan Idris and Achmad Abdul Wahab Faculty and Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak Gam bang
Proceedings ofthe International 20-22 October 2011 ix
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
36 of Coal Mining Activity (Syaifudin Administration Faculty Social and
Science Program University
and Restn Juniah2) Sriwijaya
242
37 250
38 Chemical Compound Of Gout (Elfita1 Sciences) University)
259
39 3-0XO from the Stem Bark of Manggu (Garcinia cornea) (Mubarni Handi Department oChemistry Faculty and Natural Science Sriwijaya University Indralaya South Sumatera Indonesia)
265
40 Antioxidant Flavonoids runjuk Langit (Helminthostacys Zaylanica) (Fitrya 1 Mubarnil dan Eliza Department oChemistry University Sriwijaya)
271
41 The Industry Characteristic and View their Influence On Relations In Indonesian Industry (Explorations From Three Case Studies) (Hendragnnawan John Lewer Hasanuddin
276
42 Competitiveness Telecommunications (Kesi Widjajanti Hrll1JIJl
indonesiai -
Enterprises (Soes)
LJLfJIfL Semarang University PI1nr-nn
289
43 Prospects and ChaIlenges Indonesia (Daryono Udan
Introduction ofOpen Educational Resources in Olivia Idrus)
299
44 Research Collaboration on Assurance Open and Distance Asia (Endang Nugraheni Aminudin Zuhairi Universitas Terbuka lnaones
306
45 Fast Ship Serving South to West (Muhammad Albam Djabbar and Andi Haris Mubammad
nYE)TYngtM Department Hasanuddin University MlIIWSScrr lflU(JneIulJ
313
D Public Healtb and Medical Science
Exposure and Kersana Sub District Brebes
Siwiendrayanti Public Semarang State University)
on Childbearin~-A~e Women in
Department Sport Science Faculty
316
International October 2011 x
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
47 Factors Related to The Occurrence Low Back Pain Complaints On 325 Care Center PT Telekomunikasi
Tbk Year 2010 (Yuli M Farid Harnzens Juniar Tri State 15lamic University Syarif Hidayalullah Jakarta)
48 Relation Work Risk Factors with Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) 334 ofGold Miner Workers In Cilograng-Banten on 2010 (YuH Raibana Nadra Alkaff Eudang Bukbori State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta)
49 Effect of Rehydration Solutions on Fatigue Among Women Workers 343 (Mardiana Departement Sport Science Semarang State University)
50 The Association between Risk L~A RULA and Musculoskeleatal 349 Symptom among Workers in a Printing Manufacturing Company Malaysia (Me Foong 2A Mobd Yusof IB Mobd Rafee and lAA Abmad J Department ofCommunity Health Medicine and Health Sczemes University Putra Malaysia )
51 Productive Work Time Lost Because OfEmployee Behaviour in Wood 356 Industry in Jepara District Central Java (Nurjanab1
Zabrob SbaJubiyab2 Bagoes Widjanarko2
JMasterStudent Health Promotion Program ofHealth Faculty ofDian Nuswantoro University Semarang ofHealth Promotion Program ofDiponegoro Semarang)
52 Quality and Water Borne at The Lowland in 366 (Dianita Ekawati1
Tan Malaka1 Robiyanto MT Kamaluddin Dwi
SetiawanJ Amar Muntaha1
i J)cpartment BinG Husada 30131 Indonesia 2Medicine ofSriwijaya University 3Agriculture Faculty ofSriwijaya University
53 Measuring Escherichia Coli in Foods And Beverages Towards Certification of 381 Cafeteria Campus (Dewi Susanna M Indrawan1
Zakianis1Tris Eryando Fitria Kartika A Dimarsetiot ~===~ iFacuity Health InlrrW7f Student Public Health SP1PYIP Indonesia University Indonesia)
54 Adverse Handling to Woman Child (WCA) in 385 Area (ImeJda Gernauli Purba Faculty ofPublic Sriwijaya
University Indonesia)
55 Comparative Analysis of Occupational Safety and Risk Management I--rnm-rltlrn at Indonesia and National University of (Anita CameIia Faculty ofPublic Health University ofSriwijaya Indonesia)
56 Analysis of oflead (Pb) in semen and sperm motility at the Laboratory of 406 Medkal Biology Faculty of University of Sriwijaya (Nani Sari Murnit Tan Malaka dan M Zulkarnain1
2Faculty Medicine OfSriwijaya University)
International October 2011 Xl
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
57 Protective Equipment With 432 Disorders Wood Furniture Workers In Kecamatan lndralaya and
Kecamatan Indralaya Utara 2011 (Herliawati Christine Sihaloho Nursing Sience Study
Medicine Sriwijaya University Indonesia)
58 Value ofChildren as Determinants Nutrition on The Environment 438 Vulnerable Sociocultural Nutrition (Village Pecuk District Mijen Demak Central Java) (Oktia Woro Kasmini Department ofPublic Health ScienCes FlK UNNES
59 ofRhodamine B Coolde ofTraditional Food (Study at Pasar 445 Tanjung of Jeurombeuror Reurogeuroncy) (Khoiron Astri Rizky Vitantina Rabayu Sri Pujiati Departemenl Environmental and Occupational Health amp Sqfety Faculty ofPublic Health University ofJember)
60 In 453 Badung District ofBaH Province (putu Widarini School ofPublic Health Udayana University)
61 Diet nutrition and the prevention of cervical cancer 459 (Ciptaningtyas R State Islamic Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta)
62 The Correlation Between Macro Nutrient Consumption and Physical Activities With 472 Overweight Among Children In School
at Jember Yusi Ratuawati Sulistiyani Dwinda Prianton Public Health Faculty
Jember University)
63 Correlation of family participant with nutrition status ofchildren under five years 477 old in village work area III north ueIlpasar (Ni Ketut Sutiari Lub Sudiasih I Agung Ayu Mabayuningsih School ofPublic Health Faculty ofMedicine Udayana University)
64 Does Birthweight Related With Chronic Diseases In Adult Life 488 (Suci Destriatania Faculty ofPublic Health University ofSriwijaya Indonesia)
65 Breastfueding Mother On Teens At Work Area Center 492 Year 2011
(Bina Melvia ofMedicine Nursing Science Study Programmiddot UNSRl)
66 The Effect ofMatemal Nutrition Anemia towards Low Birth 502 (Rini Mutahar Mis naniarti Fatmalina Srfwijaya University InlOnSlll
67 Relationship with Diarrhea In 508H1v1UvH
School Children (Fatmalina Indah Purnama Sari Public Sriwijaya University Indonesia)
Proceedings ofthe International Seminar October 2011
978-979-98938-5-7
68 Between and Lifestyle with prevalence In 513 medicine Moehammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang the Year 2011 (Nikson Sitorus Desti Widiastuti Health Polytechnic ofPalembang
69 Incident in Banyuasin Multilevel 519 Modelling Approach (Rismala Kesuma Kamaluddin Ngudiantoro Ibrahim Tjek Suryadi Departement ofPublic Health STIKES Darul Ma arifAl Baturaja
70 Factors Pap SmearIva Test among Women at 2 35 Years in 524 Denpasar Who Diagnosed Cancer At Hospital 2011 (Ni Luh Putu Suariyani Regina Chrysautie School ofPublic Health
ofMedicine Udayana University)
The Difference of Urinary Iodine (UEI) Increase between 531 With and Without Ascariasis Administration of
(Galuh Nita Prameswari Public Health Departement Sport Science Faculty Semarang University)
72 Analysis ofDeterminants ofTuberculosis In The Workers at PT Perkebunan 541 Nusantara XII (persero) (Anita Dewi Prahastuti Sujoso Ria Nuri Estu Karisma Irma Prasetyowati
ofEnvironmental and Occupational Safety of ofJember)
73 Risk Factors at dr Hospital of lember District- East 549 (NimaJ Baroya Pudjo Wahjudi Annisa Reykaningrum Public Faculty
University
74 Hip Structure Associated with 560 Osteoporosis Study (GOS) Data (Margaret Henry L J Department QfClinical and Biomedical Sciences The University QfMelboume Australia ofPublic Health Sriwijaya University Kampus Unsri Indralaya flir Sumaera Indonesia 3 School ofPopulation Health
University ofMelbourne Australia)
75 The Mellitus Risk Factors in Bangka (Titi Sari Renowati Amar Muntaba Dianita Environmental Health Laboratory and Disease Control Palembang Indonesia)
Vera 569
76 of Knowledge and about 580 With Attitudes From Indonesian People To People Living With Aids (PLHA)
Of SDKI 2007) Indonesia 2010 (Yeni Najmah IDni Mutahar ofPublic Health Sriwijaya University Indonesia)
77 of Epidemiologic of Filariasis in Sub-District of Tangkuno of Southeastern Sulawesi in 2009 (Ramadhan Devi Savitri Effendy Public Health Department of
Proceedings International Seminar Palembang 2011 xiii
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
Mathematics and Natural Sciences ofHaluoleo University Kendari) 78 Injecting Drug Users Not Needle 599
And Syringe Program InPalernbangSouth Sumatera (Najrnah Faculty Health University Indonesia)
79 The Use of Salivary A-Amylase And Symptoms Questionnaires as 605 lU-Vl For Distress Breast Cancer (Yong Zubaidah JO Saidi M Zalilab MS Yong HY and Zailina H Universiti Putra MalaySia Malaysia)
80 Self-Concept in Behavior of Chickens (Ayam Kampus) In 619
(Eti Rimawati Health Faculty Universitas Dian Nuswantoro)
81 Relation Intercourse among University 626 Students In Bandar Lampung (Roro Rukmi Windi Perdani Faculty ofMedicine University Lampung )
82 of Posyandu Information System of 635 Maternal and Child (Case at Manisrejo Urban Village Taman District in Madiun City Java Province) (Abu Health ofJember)
83 Health Reform as a Result of Decentralization Policy in Bali 641 Ayu Indrayatbi Pande Putu School Health Medicine
Faculti ofUdayana University)
84 The Relationship between Mix and University Interest in 647 Public Health Science Program Medicine Andalas
University 2011 (IsniatiSyahriaJVonicha Regia ofMedicine Andalas University)
85 Healthy Behavior-Based Development Model to a Free Larvae by irntnnnt Health In The Eastern District
(Nizwardi Azkha Rizanda Machmud ofMedicine Universitas Andalas pu7nYIo Indonesia)
86 Care Seeking Behaviour of Community and Tb 670 Nonformal (Nurul IslamyJ Haris
87 on Sexual Behavior in Adolescent at Seberan~ U1u Area 677
(Iche Andriyani Liberty Nur Alarn Fajar Elvi Sunarsih Faculty of Public Sriwijaya University Indonesia)
ofthe International Seminar 2011
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
88 Review Implementation Of The 564MENKESSKNlJ1I2006) (Iwan Stia Budi Faculty ofPublic
Desa (Kepmenkes No 684
89 The Study of Desa Siaga In (Misnaniarti Asmaripa Ainy Nur Alam Sriwijaya Indonesia)
Ilir District Faculty Health
690
90 Behavior Toward Methadone Maintenance Therapy 2010
697
(Tri Novia Kumalasari Faculty ofPublic Health Sriwijaya University Indonesia)
91 Who Have Tantrums Toddler Cbodijab Abdul Qudus Eka Fitri School
Faculty ofMedicine Sriwijaya Indonesia)
705
92 Factors that Influence the Behavior of Male Adolescence Smokers at Junior School Jakarta (Cicilia Nony Budi Sulistyowan Wuryastun School ofHealth Science Sin Carolus)
714
93 Stratification ofPublic For at Urban and Rural Areas in Indonesia (Ari hnany Rusilanti and Sachriani Home 111pound7gtfn State University Indonesia)
718
723
Name and of Presenter International 726
Proceedings ofthe International Seminar Palembang 20-22 October xv
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
BIODEGRADATION OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON BY SINGLE AND CONSORTIUM OF HYDROCARBONOCLASTIC BACTERIA FROM PETROELUM
POLLUTED
Hary Widjajanti1 Iswandi Anas2
Nuni Gofar MohRasyid Ridho3
1Student of Doctoral Program at the of the Graduate Program of Sriwijaya University haryunsriyahoocom 2 Bogor Agricultural Institute 3Sriwijaya University
The study on the biodegradation of hydrocarbons by a single culture and a of hydrocarbonoclastic 1lgtItP11 from mangrove areas contaminated -Vl
done The study to test bacteria isolate in aeJraOlTlg hydrocarbons to cnalfacten potential bacterial isolate uwq
petroleum hydrocarbon to hydrocarbonoclastic in biodegrading petroleum biodegradation test was
conducted by using a Out the isolates of bacteria that ae~ralatllon ability were selected isolates were further Cn~lIajtelnz~~a identified and made into a consortium combination of3 (three) 1lgttP11 LV biodegradation tests were conducted by combinations of a consortium 3 (three) replications Observed number of bacteria and np1prnlgt(TP of TPH (Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon) Five of the 29 bacterial v which have a high ability in rInrrarl
Bacillus aminovorans Pseudomonas alcaligenes (5304) (~1 ~~4) 8cuillys 8cl(illY~1i sphqeriqus vqr culture ofhydro carbo no clastic consortium which is capable highest percentage of 9186 ofAlcaligenes faecalis Pseudomonas Bacillus aminovorans
Key words blOae~rru1at1 hydrocarbonoc1astic bacteria llIau areas
INTRODUCTION terms of SOClOeCOinOlnlC
including their as a barrier to coastal windbreaker content in the air and pollutants in vuraquouou
2006) The mangrove South Sumatra and Bangka Belitung cover an area of
of which are in damaged condition 1 1 1 ha damaged and ha (1411) are not damaged 2006) quantitatively u from to year because of the land conversion for industrial residential and transportation forest area has decreased quantitatively for~its have also environmental degradation to example in the areas in South Sumatra especially the area and Upang areas are the areas of Watershed (DAS) of Musi
shipping Jm~s for oil fields Oil pollution in the
ofdrilling producing refming and ll the P9rt llg th~
mangrove ecosystem with the most severe
Seminal Palembang 212
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
waste oil in the waters can be carried out means of physical and
~ioltgilt~l P~y~c~ a1_~ chemical methlt~s (ire u~ual more eXj)efsive~ T1lt~ envir0l1111 entally friendly application can create new problems Therefore an alternative effort waste oil which relatively cost and does not cause any negative impact on aquatic
is The treatment is handling waste biologically method of biological treatment of waste oil is bioremediation LUU
which on degradation by means of degrading is an friendly way which is effective efficient and environmentally acceptable (Mangkoedibardjo 2005 and Syakti 2004)
Widj aj anti et al (2008) had found 29 hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria petroleum contaminated mangrove area All isolates can grow in oil contaminated environment and can used oil as carbon source but quantitatively their to degrade petroleum hydrocarbon still unknown as a so must potency in hydrocarbon
bacteria used in treating waste oil have higher if used as a or a mixed (Alpentri et al Mukred ei Oil-degrading
microbes not work as individual species but in form of consortium (Mangkoedihardjo 2005) According to Sanchez (2006) the consortium is a group microbes which are beneficial to one and carry out by which individual can not do According et al (2001) the of biodegradation of hydrocarbons to perfection cannot possibly be by only one type of microbe but it is always done by a set of
fate of is mote mixed ctirure compared with single cultures
study aims to 1) test ability of rlP[)TIrllta petroleum 2) IdentifY potential bacterial isolate petroleum
hydrocarbon 3) obtain a potential consortium hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria in biodegrading petroleum hydrocarbons
culture by filling the sourceofN
with a tJ~r Soeminarti liquid medium mixture was adjusted to pH 7 (Modification of Okoh amp Trejo 2006) treatment unit is on a shaker with a speed of 120 rpm at room temperature 7
(M11kred et aL 20()8) Of the 29 bacterial whose potential in degrading petroleum hydrocarbons are tested 5
isolates with the LIlt capability are five isolates highest ability will made into 1 0 of bacterial cultures with consortium-__-- -- -_ - _ - -
3 (three) conducted 3 (three)
Characterization and of hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria The characterization identification are on five hydrocarbonoclastic
l~rTr1~ with high ability Morphological characters of the bacteria being includes the growth plate Nutrient (NA) tilt NA medium and straight NA medium Cell morphology
iIiclldcent~ lirldCcentll cMiI1~ of Gram tfIld the ap~eIicentcent encloS1Pories (Pikoli e aI 2000) The characterization of physiological and biochemical properties
fat casein the glucose sucrose illdole ure~ Voges-Proskampler
the amp Sherman 1 isolates omaUleo
characterization (19942~ _ _ - -
PNYceedfngs 213
ISBN 978b 979b 98938-5b 7
Petroleum hydrocarbons biodegradation by 10 com binations of culture consortium Thi~ stage ma~i~J1 a curve of bacteria which is prepared by fol
Hadioetomos method (1990) is then followed making of curves consortium of and bacterial culture consortium standard curves
Experiments are prepared by using a of treatment of the 3 (three) of the 5 of bacteria with the
capability so are 10 (ten) treatments each ofwhich is (three) times The bioreactor biodegradation by is made by the same procedure in
bacterial but incubated for 14 days The observations measured are cell number the percentage of of petroleum hydrocarbons The C01Jntmg
of the nnmber of the is measured by a spectrophotometer (at wavelength 1 = l~ri into the equation of mixed culture (Hadioetomos
percentage of of hydrocarbons is Nugroho (2006) the weight loss of
the testing treatment showed of degradation occurred (ANOV A) at a of 005 is performed on data obtained the observations
there is a significan Well it will (l further New Multipl~ (DNMRT) Statistics Program-6
AND DISCUSSION
Petroleum bydrocarbon biodegradation by single culture bacteria The of the ability tests of the 29 bacterial in degrading petroleum hydrocarbons and
s~lection 5 (five) species (lOd molds with the capabilities are presented in Table 1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 iL 12 13 14
5016
4998 4978
23 24 25 26 27 28 29
3876
3525
Characteristerization and identification 5 (fIVe) species of h~fP1i~ Of of 5 species of with the highest
capability are used to create a mixed formula namely B25 (Bacillus aminovorans) (Pseudomonas alcaligenes) B20 (Alcaligenes jaecalis) (Bacillus cereus) (Bacillus
spbaricus var rotans) (Table 2) is in accordance and Colwell (1990) 200 bacteria that can degrade on the sea important areAchromobacter Acinetobacter Arthrobacer
Proceedings ofthe International Semfnar Palembang 20-22 214
combination
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
Petroleum hydrocarbons biodegradation by consortium culture bacteria
of a consortium of bacterial culture significantly bacteria and the percentage of oil degradation The bacterial population
10 (ten) a combination of bacterial culture consortium is pn~sentea
positive spore prodme spore produGe spore
Motifity Motile Non motile Motile Motile Non motile
Positive Positive Positive Negative Negative Negative Negative
Positive Positive Positive Negative Positive Pnsitive Negative
-Glucose Fermentation Negative Positive Negative Positive -Sucrose Fermentation Negative Negative Positive -Lactose Fennentation Negative Negative Negative
Negative Negative Negative -lntloll Production Negative Negative Negative -Urease Produktion Negative Negative Negative -Catalase Production Positive Positive Positive Positive Negative -Metyl red test Positive Negative Negative Negative
Proskauer test Negative Positive Negative -TSl test Negative Positive Positive
test Positive Positive Positive Negative -Nitrat reduction Positive Positive Positive
c-ereus aminavorans sPhaericus
of bacteria influences the number ofbacteria due awgeOly due to a synergistic interaction
bullt+1shy T1 are grown together in a single QmallUltIveJy different from the
Qelnmern m~dium
var rotans~ This is due to a - -~ - vrlPTTl
(1998) cell growth is at Pseudomonas causes an aS5oCIatlOn
Il~ility ~C ~lllt cC~~iIlllt~on of tlllt cannot be done alone The hydrocarbon source can be derived from a fraction of the breakdown of the breakdown of hydrocarbons by the other bacteria
Proceedings ofthe International Seminar Pal embang 2011 215
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
bacteria requires a specific substrate Some bacteria interact beneficially with each other in the form of consortium
The percentage of biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons is greater by using consortia of bacterial culture compared to usmg a single cuiture This is because the bacteria used in degrading waste oil typically have higher ability if used as a consortium culture Consortium cultures have a more complete profile of enzymes than a single culture According to Mukred et al (2008) hydrocarbon compounds which are iighter and simpler can be degraded earlier at an early stage by a
Table 3 The average bacterial population and the percentage of petroleum degradation of to combinations of consortium cultures
No Consortium cultures Bacterial population (cfumL) Petroleum degradation () 1 B24 + B25 + B29 19107 a 9113 cd
72 Bzl + Bz4 + Bz9 2910 b 8995 abed 3 B20 + B21 + B24 37107 e 9004 abed 4 B20 + B25 + B29 39107 c 8962 abc 5 B21 + B24 + Bzj 51107 d 9059 bed 6 B20 + B24 + B25 52107 de 9152 d 7 B20+B21+B29 57107 de 8881 a 8 B20+B24+B29 62107 de 8979 abc 9 B21+ B25 +B29 66107 ef 8952 ab 10 B20 + B2l + B25 81107 f 9186 d
Notes the numbers followed by the same small letters on the same column show no signIficance difference according DNMRT (a = 5) B20 Alcaligenes jaecalis B2l Pseudomonas alcaligenes 824 Bacillus cereus 825 Bacillus aminovorans B29 Bacillus sphaericus var rotans
bacterial culture then the compounds which have not been degraded in the early stages are degraded by the second culture and so on According Kanaly amp Harayama (1995) and Nugroho (2006) the composition of complex compounds such as petroleum hydrocarbons cause a single species of bacteria to be unable to degrade all the components of petroleum because each species of bacteria require a specific substrate Some bacteria which interact mutually beneficially with one another in the forin of a consortium have a highly beneficial role during the degradation process of petroleum hydrocarbons
The combination treatment of consortium culture which produces high percentage of degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons is a combination of AlcaTigenes jaecalis Pseudomonas alcaligenes and Bacillus aminovorans Alcaligenes faecalis Bacillus cereus and Bacillus aminovorans l Pseudomonas alcaligenes Bacillus cereuss and Bacillus aminovorans Pseudomonas alcaligenes Bacillus cereus and Bacillus aminovorans Alcaligenes jaecalis Pseudomonas alcaligenes ana Bacillus cereUS SeqUentiallY the aVerage percentages of degradation of perroletiili hydrocarbons are as follows 9186915291139059 and 9004 (Table 3) It is allegedly due to the fact that the genus Bacillus Pseudomonas and Alcaligenes are able to degrade petroleum hydrocarbons from low molecular weight to high molecular weight resulting in a high percentage of degradation According to Alexander (1977) genus Bacillus and Pseudomonas are capable of degrading petroleum hydrocarbons with low molecular weight such as ethane propane and butane and the petroleum hydrocarbons with high molecular weight such as aromatic hydrocarbons phenol naphthalene and antrasena According to Atlas amp Bartha (1998) the genus of Pseudomonas can grow and degrade petroleum hydrocarbons chain CW C36 According to Desai amp Vyas (2006) the genus Bacillus Pseudomonas and Alcaligenes are able to degrade saturated hydrocarbons monoaromatic hydrocarbons and polyaromatic hydrocarbons According to Zhu et al (2004) the genus Pseudomonas and Alcaligenes are bacterial consortium cultures which are able to degrade the components of petroleum hydrocarbons alkanes with carbon chain C20-C25 Presumably because of the differences in the ability of each genus in degrading petroleum hydrocarbons so that the hydrocarbon components of the low the medium and the high molecular weight can be degraded According to
hnceedings othe Internatioiwi Serrrindr Palembang 2()22 October 2011 216
Santoso DSB2006Hasil inventarisasi dan identifIkasi mangrove Prnnini
Kepulauan Belitung Buku I (buku PT Multima Krida P MMuiyono D dan ESantoso 2002 sulfonat
dalam bioremediasi limbah bumL 11(011
EKardena Ratnaningsih and Wisjnuprapto 2006 Improving the efectiveness of crude-oil hrlrultgtrlrAn hrlraquo1ltgtt1gtru employing Azotobacter Chroococcum co-inocuJant Faculty of Padjadjaran University 1-16 AD200S Multi-proses remediasi dalam penanganan (Oil di perairan laut dan
pesisir Seminar Bioremediasi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Mulawarman 16 MRRldho2008 RehabilitaSi Hutan Mangrove Studi Modeling Bioremediasi
Mengj~unakm Agen untuk Bahan di Hutan Mangrove Wilayah Propinsi Sumatera Selatan
Zhu X ADVenosa amp MT Suidan 2004 Literature review on the use of commercial bioremediation for clean up ofoil-contaminated estuarine environments EPAJ6001R-04075
October 218
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
17 Performance of Several Area in South Sumatra (Tumarlan Thamrin Assessment Institute for
18
Lines of Tolerant Rice to Iron Tidal Swamp 116
Rice in South Sumatra to the 122
(Tumarlan Tbamrin Imelda Assessment Institute for
Waluyo dan Syahri South Sumatra Or1YU1lnCTlJ Indonesia)
19 The Dynamics ofIron (Fe) Solubility As a Result of Sulphate Acid Reclamation and the Way to
Ratmini dan Arifin Fahmi South Sumoera Assessment Agricultural Technology Indonesia)
128
20 ofIntegrated Farming rpTn 137
Ratmini dan Herwenita VrJfIlf7Jrlll Technology lrJ
Sumatera Assessment
21 of Erosion on Different Use in the Region Upstream Area (Das) Komering South Sumatra _
Priatnal MEdi Dinar DA Putranto2
Edward Robiyanto HS I Niken Suhesti 1 and SN AidiJ Fitril 1Faculty ofAgriculture
University South Sumatra Engineering Sriwijaya South Sumatra Indonesia lmWllesra
144
B nVilronrnlental and Climate Change
22 As Saccharide Source 151
Content ofMotor ofOrigin On Soil And Semambu Km 22 Highways - Palembang
aDI[)leon Dwi Probowati S Marji Putranto Faculty ofAgriculture
161
24 Using The Forest Zone Through The Low Carbon Development for The Welfare of the Society (Using the Forest
Welfare of the Orround r711T7HV Faculty
Qt(~mlanf Indonesia)
the Low Carbon
Sriwijaya
25 of the Sweet Corn IJHaLJVH and Terracing
~~fYHJ Kcwjlty
mays var saccharata) as result
26 Stilbenes from Heardwood ofMortIS Nigra and Cytotoxicity j 79 (Ferlinahayati11
Hakim2 Yana M Syah2
Lia D Juliawaty2 Jalifah Latip IDepartment Chemistry Faculty of and Natural Sciences Sriwijaya Product Research ofChemistry lnstitut JSchool ofChemical Technology
Proc(edings ofthe nai~lOJF1at Seminar Palembang lt-ult- 2011
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
Faculty of Science and Technology Malaysia) 27 Several Plant to Polluted Condition in the City J 84
(ES Halimi and Dian Agustina Department ofAgroecolechnoiogy of Agriculture Sriwijaya University)
28 Diversity in Pulokerto River Sumatra A 189 Preliminary Results (Hilda Zulkifli Doni Setiawan and Indra Yustian Department ofBiology Faculty Sriwijaya University)
29 Vegetational Structure and Composition in Pulokerto Island Musi 195 Palembang South (Indra Yustian dan Hilda Zulkifli ofBiology Faculty Sriwijaya University)
30 Change Plant Cd 200 (Nurhayati Department ofPlant Pest and Disease UrT1JII1J1V Faculty Sriwijaya
31 Biophysical Characteristics ofTailings Deposition Area and Its Contribution to 206 Growth -
(Yuanita Windusaril Robiyanto Hendro Susantol Zulkifli Dahlan2Wisnu SusetyoJ And Indra Yustian2
Doctoral student ofEnvironmental Science and ofMathematic and Sciences Faculty ofSriwijaya University of
Environmental Sciences Programme Sriwijaya University and Supervisor 3Senior Advisor PT Indonesia and Supervisor commission)
32 Biodegradation of Petroleum Hydrocarbon by and Consortium of 212 Bacteria Petroleum Polluted Areas
(Hary Widjajantil Iswandi Nuni MobRasyid Ridho lAgricutural Science ofthe Graduate Program ofSri wi jaya University)
C Education and Others
33 and Model Solar 221 (a lot~)
(Yuwana Bosman Sidebang and Evanila Silvia Department ofAgricultural Faculty ofAgriculture
34 Proposes ofImplementation of Sustainable Subgrade on 228 South Sumateni By Combustion PrOducts as Achmad FauziJ
Usama Jnniansyah Fauze Wan Mohd Nazmi3
3 The Faculty ofCivil and Earth Malaysia pjn Malaysia 2FacultyofCivi and Institut Teknologi Bandung Indonesia)
35 Green Pavement by Modified Asphalt as 236 Replacement and Earth Malaysia
(Wan Mohd Nazmi and Wan Abdul Rahman Wan Wan Idris and Achmad Abdul Wahab Faculty and Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak Gam bang
Proceedings ofthe International 20-22 October 2011 ix
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
36 of Coal Mining Activity (Syaifudin Administration Faculty Social and
Science Program University
and Restn Juniah2) Sriwijaya
242
37 250
38 Chemical Compound Of Gout (Elfita1 Sciences) University)
259
39 3-0XO from the Stem Bark of Manggu (Garcinia cornea) (Mubarni Handi Department oChemistry Faculty and Natural Science Sriwijaya University Indralaya South Sumatera Indonesia)
265
40 Antioxidant Flavonoids runjuk Langit (Helminthostacys Zaylanica) (Fitrya 1 Mubarnil dan Eliza Department oChemistry University Sriwijaya)
271
41 The Industry Characteristic and View their Influence On Relations In Indonesian Industry (Explorations From Three Case Studies) (Hendragnnawan John Lewer Hasanuddin
276
42 Competitiveness Telecommunications (Kesi Widjajanti Hrll1JIJl
indonesiai -
Enterprises (Soes)
LJLfJIfL Semarang University PI1nr-nn
289
43 Prospects and ChaIlenges Indonesia (Daryono Udan
Introduction ofOpen Educational Resources in Olivia Idrus)
299
44 Research Collaboration on Assurance Open and Distance Asia (Endang Nugraheni Aminudin Zuhairi Universitas Terbuka lnaones
306
45 Fast Ship Serving South to West (Muhammad Albam Djabbar and Andi Haris Mubammad
nYE)TYngtM Department Hasanuddin University MlIIWSScrr lflU(JneIulJ
313
D Public Healtb and Medical Science
Exposure and Kersana Sub District Brebes
Siwiendrayanti Public Semarang State University)
on Childbearin~-A~e Women in
Department Sport Science Faculty
316
International October 2011 x
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
47 Factors Related to The Occurrence Low Back Pain Complaints On 325 Care Center PT Telekomunikasi
Tbk Year 2010 (Yuli M Farid Harnzens Juniar Tri State 15lamic University Syarif Hidayalullah Jakarta)
48 Relation Work Risk Factors with Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) 334 ofGold Miner Workers In Cilograng-Banten on 2010 (YuH Raibana Nadra Alkaff Eudang Bukbori State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta)
49 Effect of Rehydration Solutions on Fatigue Among Women Workers 343 (Mardiana Departement Sport Science Semarang State University)
50 The Association between Risk L~A RULA and Musculoskeleatal 349 Symptom among Workers in a Printing Manufacturing Company Malaysia (Me Foong 2A Mobd Yusof IB Mobd Rafee and lAA Abmad J Department ofCommunity Health Medicine and Health Sczemes University Putra Malaysia )
51 Productive Work Time Lost Because OfEmployee Behaviour in Wood 356 Industry in Jepara District Central Java (Nurjanab1
Zabrob SbaJubiyab2 Bagoes Widjanarko2
JMasterStudent Health Promotion Program ofHealth Faculty ofDian Nuswantoro University Semarang ofHealth Promotion Program ofDiponegoro Semarang)
52 Quality and Water Borne at The Lowland in 366 (Dianita Ekawati1
Tan Malaka1 Robiyanto MT Kamaluddin Dwi
SetiawanJ Amar Muntaha1
i J)cpartment BinG Husada 30131 Indonesia 2Medicine ofSriwijaya University 3Agriculture Faculty ofSriwijaya University
53 Measuring Escherichia Coli in Foods And Beverages Towards Certification of 381 Cafeteria Campus (Dewi Susanna M Indrawan1
Zakianis1Tris Eryando Fitria Kartika A Dimarsetiot ~===~ iFacuity Health InlrrW7f Student Public Health SP1PYIP Indonesia University Indonesia)
54 Adverse Handling to Woman Child (WCA) in 385 Area (ImeJda Gernauli Purba Faculty ofPublic Sriwijaya
University Indonesia)
55 Comparative Analysis of Occupational Safety and Risk Management I--rnm-rltlrn at Indonesia and National University of (Anita CameIia Faculty ofPublic Health University ofSriwijaya Indonesia)
56 Analysis of oflead (Pb) in semen and sperm motility at the Laboratory of 406 Medkal Biology Faculty of University of Sriwijaya (Nani Sari Murnit Tan Malaka dan M Zulkarnain1
2Faculty Medicine OfSriwijaya University)
International October 2011 Xl
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
57 Protective Equipment With 432 Disorders Wood Furniture Workers In Kecamatan lndralaya and
Kecamatan Indralaya Utara 2011 (Herliawati Christine Sihaloho Nursing Sience Study
Medicine Sriwijaya University Indonesia)
58 Value ofChildren as Determinants Nutrition on The Environment 438 Vulnerable Sociocultural Nutrition (Village Pecuk District Mijen Demak Central Java) (Oktia Woro Kasmini Department ofPublic Health ScienCes FlK UNNES
59 ofRhodamine B Coolde ofTraditional Food (Study at Pasar 445 Tanjung of Jeurombeuror Reurogeuroncy) (Khoiron Astri Rizky Vitantina Rabayu Sri Pujiati Departemenl Environmental and Occupational Health amp Sqfety Faculty ofPublic Health University ofJember)
60 In 453 Badung District ofBaH Province (putu Widarini School ofPublic Health Udayana University)
61 Diet nutrition and the prevention of cervical cancer 459 (Ciptaningtyas R State Islamic Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta)
62 The Correlation Between Macro Nutrient Consumption and Physical Activities With 472 Overweight Among Children In School
at Jember Yusi Ratuawati Sulistiyani Dwinda Prianton Public Health Faculty
Jember University)
63 Correlation of family participant with nutrition status ofchildren under five years 477 old in village work area III north ueIlpasar (Ni Ketut Sutiari Lub Sudiasih I Agung Ayu Mabayuningsih School ofPublic Health Faculty ofMedicine Udayana University)
64 Does Birthweight Related With Chronic Diseases In Adult Life 488 (Suci Destriatania Faculty ofPublic Health University ofSriwijaya Indonesia)
65 Breastfueding Mother On Teens At Work Area Center 492 Year 2011
(Bina Melvia ofMedicine Nursing Science Study Programmiddot UNSRl)
66 The Effect ofMatemal Nutrition Anemia towards Low Birth 502 (Rini Mutahar Mis naniarti Fatmalina Srfwijaya University InlOnSlll
67 Relationship with Diarrhea In 508H1v1UvH
School Children (Fatmalina Indah Purnama Sari Public Sriwijaya University Indonesia)
Proceedings ofthe International Seminar October 2011
978-979-98938-5-7
68 Between and Lifestyle with prevalence In 513 medicine Moehammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang the Year 2011 (Nikson Sitorus Desti Widiastuti Health Polytechnic ofPalembang
69 Incident in Banyuasin Multilevel 519 Modelling Approach (Rismala Kesuma Kamaluddin Ngudiantoro Ibrahim Tjek Suryadi Departement ofPublic Health STIKES Darul Ma arifAl Baturaja
70 Factors Pap SmearIva Test among Women at 2 35 Years in 524 Denpasar Who Diagnosed Cancer At Hospital 2011 (Ni Luh Putu Suariyani Regina Chrysautie School ofPublic Health
ofMedicine Udayana University)
The Difference of Urinary Iodine (UEI) Increase between 531 With and Without Ascariasis Administration of
(Galuh Nita Prameswari Public Health Departement Sport Science Faculty Semarang University)
72 Analysis ofDeterminants ofTuberculosis In The Workers at PT Perkebunan 541 Nusantara XII (persero) (Anita Dewi Prahastuti Sujoso Ria Nuri Estu Karisma Irma Prasetyowati
ofEnvironmental and Occupational Safety of ofJember)
73 Risk Factors at dr Hospital of lember District- East 549 (NimaJ Baroya Pudjo Wahjudi Annisa Reykaningrum Public Faculty
University
74 Hip Structure Associated with 560 Osteoporosis Study (GOS) Data (Margaret Henry L J Department QfClinical and Biomedical Sciences The University QfMelboume Australia ofPublic Health Sriwijaya University Kampus Unsri Indralaya flir Sumaera Indonesia 3 School ofPopulation Health
University ofMelbourne Australia)
75 The Mellitus Risk Factors in Bangka (Titi Sari Renowati Amar Muntaba Dianita Environmental Health Laboratory and Disease Control Palembang Indonesia)
Vera 569
76 of Knowledge and about 580 With Attitudes From Indonesian People To People Living With Aids (PLHA)
Of SDKI 2007) Indonesia 2010 (Yeni Najmah IDni Mutahar ofPublic Health Sriwijaya University Indonesia)
77 of Epidemiologic of Filariasis in Sub-District of Tangkuno of Southeastern Sulawesi in 2009 (Ramadhan Devi Savitri Effendy Public Health Department of
Proceedings International Seminar Palembang 2011 xiii
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
Mathematics and Natural Sciences ofHaluoleo University Kendari) 78 Injecting Drug Users Not Needle 599
And Syringe Program InPalernbangSouth Sumatera (Najrnah Faculty Health University Indonesia)
79 The Use of Salivary A-Amylase And Symptoms Questionnaires as 605 lU-Vl For Distress Breast Cancer (Yong Zubaidah JO Saidi M Zalilab MS Yong HY and Zailina H Universiti Putra MalaySia Malaysia)
80 Self-Concept in Behavior of Chickens (Ayam Kampus) In 619
(Eti Rimawati Health Faculty Universitas Dian Nuswantoro)
81 Relation Intercourse among University 626 Students In Bandar Lampung (Roro Rukmi Windi Perdani Faculty ofMedicine University Lampung )
82 of Posyandu Information System of 635 Maternal and Child (Case at Manisrejo Urban Village Taman District in Madiun City Java Province) (Abu Health ofJember)
83 Health Reform as a Result of Decentralization Policy in Bali 641 Ayu Indrayatbi Pande Putu School Health Medicine
Faculti ofUdayana University)
84 The Relationship between Mix and University Interest in 647 Public Health Science Program Medicine Andalas
University 2011 (IsniatiSyahriaJVonicha Regia ofMedicine Andalas University)
85 Healthy Behavior-Based Development Model to a Free Larvae by irntnnnt Health In The Eastern District
(Nizwardi Azkha Rizanda Machmud ofMedicine Universitas Andalas pu7nYIo Indonesia)
86 Care Seeking Behaviour of Community and Tb 670 Nonformal (Nurul IslamyJ Haris
87 on Sexual Behavior in Adolescent at Seberan~ U1u Area 677
(Iche Andriyani Liberty Nur Alarn Fajar Elvi Sunarsih Faculty of Public Sriwijaya University Indonesia)
ofthe International Seminar 2011
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
88 Review Implementation Of The 564MENKESSKNlJ1I2006) (Iwan Stia Budi Faculty ofPublic
Desa (Kepmenkes No 684
89 The Study of Desa Siaga In (Misnaniarti Asmaripa Ainy Nur Alam Sriwijaya Indonesia)
Ilir District Faculty Health
690
90 Behavior Toward Methadone Maintenance Therapy 2010
697
(Tri Novia Kumalasari Faculty ofPublic Health Sriwijaya University Indonesia)
91 Who Have Tantrums Toddler Cbodijab Abdul Qudus Eka Fitri School
Faculty ofMedicine Sriwijaya Indonesia)
705
92 Factors that Influence the Behavior of Male Adolescence Smokers at Junior School Jakarta (Cicilia Nony Budi Sulistyowan Wuryastun School ofHealth Science Sin Carolus)
714
93 Stratification ofPublic For at Urban and Rural Areas in Indonesia (Ari hnany Rusilanti and Sachriani Home 111pound7gtfn State University Indonesia)
718
723
Name and of Presenter International 726
Proceedings ofthe International Seminar Palembang 20-22 October xv
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
BIODEGRADATION OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON BY SINGLE AND CONSORTIUM OF HYDROCARBONOCLASTIC BACTERIA FROM PETROELUM
POLLUTED
Hary Widjajanti1 Iswandi Anas2
Nuni Gofar MohRasyid Ridho3
1Student of Doctoral Program at the of the Graduate Program of Sriwijaya University haryunsriyahoocom 2 Bogor Agricultural Institute 3Sriwijaya University
The study on the biodegradation of hydrocarbons by a single culture and a of hydrocarbonoclastic 1lgtItP11 from mangrove areas contaminated -Vl
done The study to test bacteria isolate in aeJraOlTlg hydrocarbons to cnalfacten potential bacterial isolate uwq
petroleum hydrocarbon to hydrocarbonoclastic in biodegrading petroleum biodegradation test was
conducted by using a Out the isolates of bacteria that ae~ralatllon ability were selected isolates were further Cn~lIajtelnz~~a identified and made into a consortium combination of3 (three) 1lgttP11 LV biodegradation tests were conducted by combinations of a consortium 3 (three) replications Observed number of bacteria and np1prnlgt(TP of TPH (Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon) Five of the 29 bacterial v which have a high ability in rInrrarl
Bacillus aminovorans Pseudomonas alcaligenes (5304) (~1 ~~4) 8cuillys 8cl(illY~1i sphqeriqus vqr culture ofhydro carbo no clastic consortium which is capable highest percentage of 9186 ofAlcaligenes faecalis Pseudomonas Bacillus aminovorans
Key words blOae~rru1at1 hydrocarbonoc1astic bacteria llIau areas
INTRODUCTION terms of SOClOeCOinOlnlC
including their as a barrier to coastal windbreaker content in the air and pollutants in vuraquouou
2006) The mangrove South Sumatra and Bangka Belitung cover an area of
of which are in damaged condition 1 1 1 ha damaged and ha (1411) are not damaged 2006) quantitatively u from to year because of the land conversion for industrial residential and transportation forest area has decreased quantitatively for~its have also environmental degradation to example in the areas in South Sumatra especially the area and Upang areas are the areas of Watershed (DAS) of Musi
shipping Jm~s for oil fields Oil pollution in the
ofdrilling producing refming and ll the P9rt llg th~
mangrove ecosystem with the most severe
Seminal Palembang 212
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
waste oil in the waters can be carried out means of physical and
~ioltgilt~l P~y~c~ a1_~ chemical methlt~s (ire u~ual more eXj)efsive~ T1lt~ envir0l1111 entally friendly application can create new problems Therefore an alternative effort waste oil which relatively cost and does not cause any negative impact on aquatic
is The treatment is handling waste biologically method of biological treatment of waste oil is bioremediation LUU
which on degradation by means of degrading is an friendly way which is effective efficient and environmentally acceptable (Mangkoedibardjo 2005 and Syakti 2004)
Widj aj anti et al (2008) had found 29 hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria petroleum contaminated mangrove area All isolates can grow in oil contaminated environment and can used oil as carbon source but quantitatively their to degrade petroleum hydrocarbon still unknown as a so must potency in hydrocarbon
bacteria used in treating waste oil have higher if used as a or a mixed (Alpentri et al Mukred ei Oil-degrading
microbes not work as individual species but in form of consortium (Mangkoedihardjo 2005) According to Sanchez (2006) the consortium is a group microbes which are beneficial to one and carry out by which individual can not do According et al (2001) the of biodegradation of hydrocarbons to perfection cannot possibly be by only one type of microbe but it is always done by a set of
fate of is mote mixed ctirure compared with single cultures
study aims to 1) test ability of rlP[)TIrllta petroleum 2) IdentifY potential bacterial isolate petroleum
hydrocarbon 3) obtain a potential consortium hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria in biodegrading petroleum hydrocarbons
culture by filling the sourceofN
with a tJ~r Soeminarti liquid medium mixture was adjusted to pH 7 (Modification of Okoh amp Trejo 2006) treatment unit is on a shaker with a speed of 120 rpm at room temperature 7
(M11kred et aL 20()8) Of the 29 bacterial whose potential in degrading petroleum hydrocarbons are tested 5
isolates with the LIlt capability are five isolates highest ability will made into 1 0 of bacterial cultures with consortium-__-- -- -_ - _ - -
3 (three) conducted 3 (three)
Characterization and of hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria The characterization identification are on five hydrocarbonoclastic
l~rTr1~ with high ability Morphological characters of the bacteria being includes the growth plate Nutrient (NA) tilt NA medium and straight NA medium Cell morphology
iIiclldcent~ lirldCcentll cMiI1~ of Gram tfIld the ap~eIicentcent encloS1Pories (Pikoli e aI 2000) The characterization of physiological and biochemical properties
fat casein the glucose sucrose illdole ure~ Voges-Proskampler
the amp Sherman 1 isolates omaUleo
characterization (19942~ _ _ - -
PNYceedfngs 213
ISBN 978b 979b 98938-5b 7
Petroleum hydrocarbons biodegradation by 10 com binations of culture consortium Thi~ stage ma~i~J1 a curve of bacteria which is prepared by fol
Hadioetomos method (1990) is then followed making of curves consortium of and bacterial culture consortium standard curves
Experiments are prepared by using a of treatment of the 3 (three) of the 5 of bacteria with the
capability so are 10 (ten) treatments each ofwhich is (three) times The bioreactor biodegradation by is made by the same procedure in
bacterial but incubated for 14 days The observations measured are cell number the percentage of of petroleum hydrocarbons The C01Jntmg
of the nnmber of the is measured by a spectrophotometer (at wavelength 1 = l~ri into the equation of mixed culture (Hadioetomos
percentage of of hydrocarbons is Nugroho (2006) the weight loss of
the testing treatment showed of degradation occurred (ANOV A) at a of 005 is performed on data obtained the observations
there is a significan Well it will (l further New Multipl~ (DNMRT) Statistics Program-6
AND DISCUSSION
Petroleum bydrocarbon biodegradation by single culture bacteria The of the ability tests of the 29 bacterial in degrading petroleum hydrocarbons and
s~lection 5 (five) species (lOd molds with the capabilities are presented in Table 1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 iL 12 13 14
5016
4998 4978
23 24 25 26 27 28 29
3876
3525
Characteristerization and identification 5 (fIVe) species of h~fP1i~ Of of 5 species of with the highest
capability are used to create a mixed formula namely B25 (Bacillus aminovorans) (Pseudomonas alcaligenes) B20 (Alcaligenes jaecalis) (Bacillus cereus) (Bacillus
spbaricus var rotans) (Table 2) is in accordance and Colwell (1990) 200 bacteria that can degrade on the sea important areAchromobacter Acinetobacter Arthrobacer
Proceedings ofthe International Semfnar Palembang 20-22 214
combination
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
Petroleum hydrocarbons biodegradation by consortium culture bacteria
of a consortium of bacterial culture significantly bacteria and the percentage of oil degradation The bacterial population
10 (ten) a combination of bacterial culture consortium is pn~sentea
positive spore prodme spore produGe spore
Motifity Motile Non motile Motile Motile Non motile
Positive Positive Positive Negative Negative Negative Negative
Positive Positive Positive Negative Positive Pnsitive Negative
-Glucose Fermentation Negative Positive Negative Positive -Sucrose Fermentation Negative Negative Positive -Lactose Fennentation Negative Negative Negative
Negative Negative Negative -lntloll Production Negative Negative Negative -Urease Produktion Negative Negative Negative -Catalase Production Positive Positive Positive Positive Negative -Metyl red test Positive Negative Negative Negative
Proskauer test Negative Positive Negative -TSl test Negative Positive Positive
test Positive Positive Positive Negative -Nitrat reduction Positive Positive Positive
c-ereus aminavorans sPhaericus
of bacteria influences the number ofbacteria due awgeOly due to a synergistic interaction
bullt+1shy T1 are grown together in a single QmallUltIveJy different from the
Qelnmern m~dium
var rotans~ This is due to a - -~ - vrlPTTl
(1998) cell growth is at Pseudomonas causes an aS5oCIatlOn
Il~ility ~C ~lllt cC~~iIlllt~on of tlllt cannot be done alone The hydrocarbon source can be derived from a fraction of the breakdown of the breakdown of hydrocarbons by the other bacteria
Proceedings ofthe International Seminar Pal embang 2011 215
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
bacteria requires a specific substrate Some bacteria interact beneficially with each other in the form of consortium
The percentage of biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons is greater by using consortia of bacterial culture compared to usmg a single cuiture This is because the bacteria used in degrading waste oil typically have higher ability if used as a consortium culture Consortium cultures have a more complete profile of enzymes than a single culture According to Mukred et al (2008) hydrocarbon compounds which are iighter and simpler can be degraded earlier at an early stage by a
Table 3 The average bacterial population and the percentage of petroleum degradation of to combinations of consortium cultures
No Consortium cultures Bacterial population (cfumL) Petroleum degradation () 1 B24 + B25 + B29 19107 a 9113 cd
72 Bzl + Bz4 + Bz9 2910 b 8995 abed 3 B20 + B21 + B24 37107 e 9004 abed 4 B20 + B25 + B29 39107 c 8962 abc 5 B21 + B24 + Bzj 51107 d 9059 bed 6 B20 + B24 + B25 52107 de 9152 d 7 B20+B21+B29 57107 de 8881 a 8 B20+B24+B29 62107 de 8979 abc 9 B21+ B25 +B29 66107 ef 8952 ab 10 B20 + B2l + B25 81107 f 9186 d
Notes the numbers followed by the same small letters on the same column show no signIficance difference according DNMRT (a = 5) B20 Alcaligenes jaecalis B2l Pseudomonas alcaligenes 824 Bacillus cereus 825 Bacillus aminovorans B29 Bacillus sphaericus var rotans
bacterial culture then the compounds which have not been degraded in the early stages are degraded by the second culture and so on According Kanaly amp Harayama (1995) and Nugroho (2006) the composition of complex compounds such as petroleum hydrocarbons cause a single species of bacteria to be unable to degrade all the components of petroleum because each species of bacteria require a specific substrate Some bacteria which interact mutually beneficially with one another in the forin of a consortium have a highly beneficial role during the degradation process of petroleum hydrocarbons
The combination treatment of consortium culture which produces high percentage of degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons is a combination of AlcaTigenes jaecalis Pseudomonas alcaligenes and Bacillus aminovorans Alcaligenes faecalis Bacillus cereus and Bacillus aminovorans l Pseudomonas alcaligenes Bacillus cereuss and Bacillus aminovorans Pseudomonas alcaligenes Bacillus cereus and Bacillus aminovorans Alcaligenes jaecalis Pseudomonas alcaligenes ana Bacillus cereUS SeqUentiallY the aVerage percentages of degradation of perroletiili hydrocarbons are as follows 9186915291139059 and 9004 (Table 3) It is allegedly due to the fact that the genus Bacillus Pseudomonas and Alcaligenes are able to degrade petroleum hydrocarbons from low molecular weight to high molecular weight resulting in a high percentage of degradation According to Alexander (1977) genus Bacillus and Pseudomonas are capable of degrading petroleum hydrocarbons with low molecular weight such as ethane propane and butane and the petroleum hydrocarbons with high molecular weight such as aromatic hydrocarbons phenol naphthalene and antrasena According to Atlas amp Bartha (1998) the genus of Pseudomonas can grow and degrade petroleum hydrocarbons chain CW C36 According to Desai amp Vyas (2006) the genus Bacillus Pseudomonas and Alcaligenes are able to degrade saturated hydrocarbons monoaromatic hydrocarbons and polyaromatic hydrocarbons According to Zhu et al (2004) the genus Pseudomonas and Alcaligenes are bacterial consortium cultures which are able to degrade the components of petroleum hydrocarbons alkanes with carbon chain C20-C25 Presumably because of the differences in the ability of each genus in degrading petroleum hydrocarbons so that the hydrocarbon components of the low the medium and the high molecular weight can be degraded According to
hnceedings othe Internatioiwi Serrrindr Palembang 2()22 October 2011 216
Santoso DSB2006Hasil inventarisasi dan identifIkasi mangrove Prnnini
Kepulauan Belitung Buku I (buku PT Multima Krida P MMuiyono D dan ESantoso 2002 sulfonat
dalam bioremediasi limbah bumL 11(011
EKardena Ratnaningsih and Wisjnuprapto 2006 Improving the efectiveness of crude-oil hrlrultgtrlrAn hrlraquo1ltgtt1gtru employing Azotobacter Chroococcum co-inocuJant Faculty of Padjadjaran University 1-16 AD200S Multi-proses remediasi dalam penanganan (Oil di perairan laut dan
pesisir Seminar Bioremediasi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Mulawarman 16 MRRldho2008 RehabilitaSi Hutan Mangrove Studi Modeling Bioremediasi
Mengj~unakm Agen untuk Bahan di Hutan Mangrove Wilayah Propinsi Sumatera Selatan
Zhu X ADVenosa amp MT Suidan 2004 Literature review on the use of commercial bioremediation for clean up ofoil-contaminated estuarine environments EPAJ6001R-04075
October 218
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
Faculty of Science and Technology Malaysia) 27 Several Plant to Polluted Condition in the City J 84
(ES Halimi and Dian Agustina Department ofAgroecolechnoiogy of Agriculture Sriwijaya University)
28 Diversity in Pulokerto River Sumatra A 189 Preliminary Results (Hilda Zulkifli Doni Setiawan and Indra Yustian Department ofBiology Faculty Sriwijaya University)
29 Vegetational Structure and Composition in Pulokerto Island Musi 195 Palembang South (Indra Yustian dan Hilda Zulkifli ofBiology Faculty Sriwijaya University)
30 Change Plant Cd 200 (Nurhayati Department ofPlant Pest and Disease UrT1JII1J1V Faculty Sriwijaya
31 Biophysical Characteristics ofTailings Deposition Area and Its Contribution to 206 Growth -
(Yuanita Windusaril Robiyanto Hendro Susantol Zulkifli Dahlan2Wisnu SusetyoJ And Indra Yustian2
Doctoral student ofEnvironmental Science and ofMathematic and Sciences Faculty ofSriwijaya University of
Environmental Sciences Programme Sriwijaya University and Supervisor 3Senior Advisor PT Indonesia and Supervisor commission)
32 Biodegradation of Petroleum Hydrocarbon by and Consortium of 212 Bacteria Petroleum Polluted Areas
(Hary Widjajantil Iswandi Nuni MobRasyid Ridho lAgricutural Science ofthe Graduate Program ofSri wi jaya University)
C Education and Others
33 and Model Solar 221 (a lot~)
(Yuwana Bosman Sidebang and Evanila Silvia Department ofAgricultural Faculty ofAgriculture
34 Proposes ofImplementation of Sustainable Subgrade on 228 South Sumateni By Combustion PrOducts as Achmad FauziJ
Usama Jnniansyah Fauze Wan Mohd Nazmi3
3 The Faculty ofCivil and Earth Malaysia pjn Malaysia 2FacultyofCivi and Institut Teknologi Bandung Indonesia)
35 Green Pavement by Modified Asphalt as 236 Replacement and Earth Malaysia
(Wan Mohd Nazmi and Wan Abdul Rahman Wan Wan Idris and Achmad Abdul Wahab Faculty and Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak Gam bang
Proceedings ofthe International 20-22 October 2011 ix
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
36 of Coal Mining Activity (Syaifudin Administration Faculty Social and
Science Program University
and Restn Juniah2) Sriwijaya
242
37 250
38 Chemical Compound Of Gout (Elfita1 Sciences) University)
259
39 3-0XO from the Stem Bark of Manggu (Garcinia cornea) (Mubarni Handi Department oChemistry Faculty and Natural Science Sriwijaya University Indralaya South Sumatera Indonesia)
265
40 Antioxidant Flavonoids runjuk Langit (Helminthostacys Zaylanica) (Fitrya 1 Mubarnil dan Eliza Department oChemistry University Sriwijaya)
271
41 The Industry Characteristic and View their Influence On Relations In Indonesian Industry (Explorations From Three Case Studies) (Hendragnnawan John Lewer Hasanuddin
276
42 Competitiveness Telecommunications (Kesi Widjajanti Hrll1JIJl
indonesiai -
Enterprises (Soes)
LJLfJIfL Semarang University PI1nr-nn
289
43 Prospects and ChaIlenges Indonesia (Daryono Udan
Introduction ofOpen Educational Resources in Olivia Idrus)
299
44 Research Collaboration on Assurance Open and Distance Asia (Endang Nugraheni Aminudin Zuhairi Universitas Terbuka lnaones
306
45 Fast Ship Serving South to West (Muhammad Albam Djabbar and Andi Haris Mubammad
nYE)TYngtM Department Hasanuddin University MlIIWSScrr lflU(JneIulJ
313
D Public Healtb and Medical Science
Exposure and Kersana Sub District Brebes
Siwiendrayanti Public Semarang State University)
on Childbearin~-A~e Women in
Department Sport Science Faculty
316
International October 2011 x
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
47 Factors Related to The Occurrence Low Back Pain Complaints On 325 Care Center PT Telekomunikasi
Tbk Year 2010 (Yuli M Farid Harnzens Juniar Tri State 15lamic University Syarif Hidayalullah Jakarta)
48 Relation Work Risk Factors with Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) 334 ofGold Miner Workers In Cilograng-Banten on 2010 (YuH Raibana Nadra Alkaff Eudang Bukbori State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta)
49 Effect of Rehydration Solutions on Fatigue Among Women Workers 343 (Mardiana Departement Sport Science Semarang State University)
50 The Association between Risk L~A RULA and Musculoskeleatal 349 Symptom among Workers in a Printing Manufacturing Company Malaysia (Me Foong 2A Mobd Yusof IB Mobd Rafee and lAA Abmad J Department ofCommunity Health Medicine and Health Sczemes University Putra Malaysia )
51 Productive Work Time Lost Because OfEmployee Behaviour in Wood 356 Industry in Jepara District Central Java (Nurjanab1
Zabrob SbaJubiyab2 Bagoes Widjanarko2
JMasterStudent Health Promotion Program ofHealth Faculty ofDian Nuswantoro University Semarang ofHealth Promotion Program ofDiponegoro Semarang)
52 Quality and Water Borne at The Lowland in 366 (Dianita Ekawati1
Tan Malaka1 Robiyanto MT Kamaluddin Dwi
SetiawanJ Amar Muntaha1
i J)cpartment BinG Husada 30131 Indonesia 2Medicine ofSriwijaya University 3Agriculture Faculty ofSriwijaya University
53 Measuring Escherichia Coli in Foods And Beverages Towards Certification of 381 Cafeteria Campus (Dewi Susanna M Indrawan1
Zakianis1Tris Eryando Fitria Kartika A Dimarsetiot ~===~ iFacuity Health InlrrW7f Student Public Health SP1PYIP Indonesia University Indonesia)
54 Adverse Handling to Woman Child (WCA) in 385 Area (ImeJda Gernauli Purba Faculty ofPublic Sriwijaya
University Indonesia)
55 Comparative Analysis of Occupational Safety and Risk Management I--rnm-rltlrn at Indonesia and National University of (Anita CameIia Faculty ofPublic Health University ofSriwijaya Indonesia)
56 Analysis of oflead (Pb) in semen and sperm motility at the Laboratory of 406 Medkal Biology Faculty of University of Sriwijaya (Nani Sari Murnit Tan Malaka dan M Zulkarnain1
2Faculty Medicine OfSriwijaya University)
International October 2011 Xl
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
57 Protective Equipment With 432 Disorders Wood Furniture Workers In Kecamatan lndralaya and
Kecamatan Indralaya Utara 2011 (Herliawati Christine Sihaloho Nursing Sience Study
Medicine Sriwijaya University Indonesia)
58 Value ofChildren as Determinants Nutrition on The Environment 438 Vulnerable Sociocultural Nutrition (Village Pecuk District Mijen Demak Central Java) (Oktia Woro Kasmini Department ofPublic Health ScienCes FlK UNNES
59 ofRhodamine B Coolde ofTraditional Food (Study at Pasar 445 Tanjung of Jeurombeuror Reurogeuroncy) (Khoiron Astri Rizky Vitantina Rabayu Sri Pujiati Departemenl Environmental and Occupational Health amp Sqfety Faculty ofPublic Health University ofJember)
60 In 453 Badung District ofBaH Province (putu Widarini School ofPublic Health Udayana University)
61 Diet nutrition and the prevention of cervical cancer 459 (Ciptaningtyas R State Islamic Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta)
62 The Correlation Between Macro Nutrient Consumption and Physical Activities With 472 Overweight Among Children In School
at Jember Yusi Ratuawati Sulistiyani Dwinda Prianton Public Health Faculty
Jember University)
63 Correlation of family participant with nutrition status ofchildren under five years 477 old in village work area III north ueIlpasar (Ni Ketut Sutiari Lub Sudiasih I Agung Ayu Mabayuningsih School ofPublic Health Faculty ofMedicine Udayana University)
64 Does Birthweight Related With Chronic Diseases In Adult Life 488 (Suci Destriatania Faculty ofPublic Health University ofSriwijaya Indonesia)
65 Breastfueding Mother On Teens At Work Area Center 492 Year 2011
(Bina Melvia ofMedicine Nursing Science Study Programmiddot UNSRl)
66 The Effect ofMatemal Nutrition Anemia towards Low Birth 502 (Rini Mutahar Mis naniarti Fatmalina Srfwijaya University InlOnSlll
67 Relationship with Diarrhea In 508H1v1UvH
School Children (Fatmalina Indah Purnama Sari Public Sriwijaya University Indonesia)
Proceedings ofthe International Seminar October 2011
978-979-98938-5-7
68 Between and Lifestyle with prevalence In 513 medicine Moehammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang the Year 2011 (Nikson Sitorus Desti Widiastuti Health Polytechnic ofPalembang
69 Incident in Banyuasin Multilevel 519 Modelling Approach (Rismala Kesuma Kamaluddin Ngudiantoro Ibrahim Tjek Suryadi Departement ofPublic Health STIKES Darul Ma arifAl Baturaja
70 Factors Pap SmearIva Test among Women at 2 35 Years in 524 Denpasar Who Diagnosed Cancer At Hospital 2011 (Ni Luh Putu Suariyani Regina Chrysautie School ofPublic Health
ofMedicine Udayana University)
The Difference of Urinary Iodine (UEI) Increase between 531 With and Without Ascariasis Administration of
(Galuh Nita Prameswari Public Health Departement Sport Science Faculty Semarang University)
72 Analysis ofDeterminants ofTuberculosis In The Workers at PT Perkebunan 541 Nusantara XII (persero) (Anita Dewi Prahastuti Sujoso Ria Nuri Estu Karisma Irma Prasetyowati
ofEnvironmental and Occupational Safety of ofJember)
73 Risk Factors at dr Hospital of lember District- East 549 (NimaJ Baroya Pudjo Wahjudi Annisa Reykaningrum Public Faculty
University
74 Hip Structure Associated with 560 Osteoporosis Study (GOS) Data (Margaret Henry L J Department QfClinical and Biomedical Sciences The University QfMelboume Australia ofPublic Health Sriwijaya University Kampus Unsri Indralaya flir Sumaera Indonesia 3 School ofPopulation Health
University ofMelbourne Australia)
75 The Mellitus Risk Factors in Bangka (Titi Sari Renowati Amar Muntaba Dianita Environmental Health Laboratory and Disease Control Palembang Indonesia)
Vera 569
76 of Knowledge and about 580 With Attitudes From Indonesian People To People Living With Aids (PLHA)
Of SDKI 2007) Indonesia 2010 (Yeni Najmah IDni Mutahar ofPublic Health Sriwijaya University Indonesia)
77 of Epidemiologic of Filariasis in Sub-District of Tangkuno of Southeastern Sulawesi in 2009 (Ramadhan Devi Savitri Effendy Public Health Department of
Proceedings International Seminar Palembang 2011 xiii
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
Mathematics and Natural Sciences ofHaluoleo University Kendari) 78 Injecting Drug Users Not Needle 599
And Syringe Program InPalernbangSouth Sumatera (Najrnah Faculty Health University Indonesia)
79 The Use of Salivary A-Amylase And Symptoms Questionnaires as 605 lU-Vl For Distress Breast Cancer (Yong Zubaidah JO Saidi M Zalilab MS Yong HY and Zailina H Universiti Putra MalaySia Malaysia)
80 Self-Concept in Behavior of Chickens (Ayam Kampus) In 619
(Eti Rimawati Health Faculty Universitas Dian Nuswantoro)
81 Relation Intercourse among University 626 Students In Bandar Lampung (Roro Rukmi Windi Perdani Faculty ofMedicine University Lampung )
82 of Posyandu Information System of 635 Maternal and Child (Case at Manisrejo Urban Village Taman District in Madiun City Java Province) (Abu Health ofJember)
83 Health Reform as a Result of Decentralization Policy in Bali 641 Ayu Indrayatbi Pande Putu School Health Medicine
Faculti ofUdayana University)
84 The Relationship between Mix and University Interest in 647 Public Health Science Program Medicine Andalas
University 2011 (IsniatiSyahriaJVonicha Regia ofMedicine Andalas University)
85 Healthy Behavior-Based Development Model to a Free Larvae by irntnnnt Health In The Eastern District
(Nizwardi Azkha Rizanda Machmud ofMedicine Universitas Andalas pu7nYIo Indonesia)
86 Care Seeking Behaviour of Community and Tb 670 Nonformal (Nurul IslamyJ Haris
87 on Sexual Behavior in Adolescent at Seberan~ U1u Area 677
(Iche Andriyani Liberty Nur Alarn Fajar Elvi Sunarsih Faculty of Public Sriwijaya University Indonesia)
ofthe International Seminar 2011
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
88 Review Implementation Of The 564MENKESSKNlJ1I2006) (Iwan Stia Budi Faculty ofPublic
Desa (Kepmenkes No 684
89 The Study of Desa Siaga In (Misnaniarti Asmaripa Ainy Nur Alam Sriwijaya Indonesia)
Ilir District Faculty Health
690
90 Behavior Toward Methadone Maintenance Therapy 2010
697
(Tri Novia Kumalasari Faculty ofPublic Health Sriwijaya University Indonesia)
91 Who Have Tantrums Toddler Cbodijab Abdul Qudus Eka Fitri School
Faculty ofMedicine Sriwijaya Indonesia)
705
92 Factors that Influence the Behavior of Male Adolescence Smokers at Junior School Jakarta (Cicilia Nony Budi Sulistyowan Wuryastun School ofHealth Science Sin Carolus)
714
93 Stratification ofPublic For at Urban and Rural Areas in Indonesia (Ari hnany Rusilanti and Sachriani Home 111pound7gtfn State University Indonesia)
718
723
Name and of Presenter International 726
Proceedings ofthe International Seminar Palembang 20-22 October xv
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
BIODEGRADATION OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON BY SINGLE AND CONSORTIUM OF HYDROCARBONOCLASTIC BACTERIA FROM PETROELUM
POLLUTED
Hary Widjajanti1 Iswandi Anas2
Nuni Gofar MohRasyid Ridho3
1Student of Doctoral Program at the of the Graduate Program of Sriwijaya University haryunsriyahoocom 2 Bogor Agricultural Institute 3Sriwijaya University
The study on the biodegradation of hydrocarbons by a single culture and a of hydrocarbonoclastic 1lgtItP11 from mangrove areas contaminated -Vl
done The study to test bacteria isolate in aeJraOlTlg hydrocarbons to cnalfacten potential bacterial isolate uwq
petroleum hydrocarbon to hydrocarbonoclastic in biodegrading petroleum biodegradation test was
conducted by using a Out the isolates of bacteria that ae~ralatllon ability were selected isolates were further Cn~lIajtelnz~~a identified and made into a consortium combination of3 (three) 1lgttP11 LV biodegradation tests were conducted by combinations of a consortium 3 (three) replications Observed number of bacteria and np1prnlgt(TP of TPH (Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon) Five of the 29 bacterial v which have a high ability in rInrrarl
Bacillus aminovorans Pseudomonas alcaligenes (5304) (~1 ~~4) 8cuillys 8cl(illY~1i sphqeriqus vqr culture ofhydro carbo no clastic consortium which is capable highest percentage of 9186 ofAlcaligenes faecalis Pseudomonas Bacillus aminovorans
Key words blOae~rru1at1 hydrocarbonoc1astic bacteria llIau areas
INTRODUCTION terms of SOClOeCOinOlnlC
including their as a barrier to coastal windbreaker content in the air and pollutants in vuraquouou
2006) The mangrove South Sumatra and Bangka Belitung cover an area of
of which are in damaged condition 1 1 1 ha damaged and ha (1411) are not damaged 2006) quantitatively u from to year because of the land conversion for industrial residential and transportation forest area has decreased quantitatively for~its have also environmental degradation to example in the areas in South Sumatra especially the area and Upang areas are the areas of Watershed (DAS) of Musi
shipping Jm~s for oil fields Oil pollution in the
ofdrilling producing refming and ll the P9rt llg th~
mangrove ecosystem with the most severe
Seminal Palembang 212
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
waste oil in the waters can be carried out means of physical and
~ioltgilt~l P~y~c~ a1_~ chemical methlt~s (ire u~ual more eXj)efsive~ T1lt~ envir0l1111 entally friendly application can create new problems Therefore an alternative effort waste oil which relatively cost and does not cause any negative impact on aquatic
is The treatment is handling waste biologically method of biological treatment of waste oil is bioremediation LUU
which on degradation by means of degrading is an friendly way which is effective efficient and environmentally acceptable (Mangkoedibardjo 2005 and Syakti 2004)
Widj aj anti et al (2008) had found 29 hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria petroleum contaminated mangrove area All isolates can grow in oil contaminated environment and can used oil as carbon source but quantitatively their to degrade petroleum hydrocarbon still unknown as a so must potency in hydrocarbon
bacteria used in treating waste oil have higher if used as a or a mixed (Alpentri et al Mukred ei Oil-degrading
microbes not work as individual species but in form of consortium (Mangkoedihardjo 2005) According to Sanchez (2006) the consortium is a group microbes which are beneficial to one and carry out by which individual can not do According et al (2001) the of biodegradation of hydrocarbons to perfection cannot possibly be by only one type of microbe but it is always done by a set of
fate of is mote mixed ctirure compared with single cultures
study aims to 1) test ability of rlP[)TIrllta petroleum 2) IdentifY potential bacterial isolate petroleum
hydrocarbon 3) obtain a potential consortium hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria in biodegrading petroleum hydrocarbons
culture by filling the sourceofN
with a tJ~r Soeminarti liquid medium mixture was adjusted to pH 7 (Modification of Okoh amp Trejo 2006) treatment unit is on a shaker with a speed of 120 rpm at room temperature 7
(M11kred et aL 20()8) Of the 29 bacterial whose potential in degrading petroleum hydrocarbons are tested 5
isolates with the LIlt capability are five isolates highest ability will made into 1 0 of bacterial cultures with consortium-__-- -- -_ - _ - -
3 (three) conducted 3 (three)
Characterization and of hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria The characterization identification are on five hydrocarbonoclastic
l~rTr1~ with high ability Morphological characters of the bacteria being includes the growth plate Nutrient (NA) tilt NA medium and straight NA medium Cell morphology
iIiclldcent~ lirldCcentll cMiI1~ of Gram tfIld the ap~eIicentcent encloS1Pories (Pikoli e aI 2000) The characterization of physiological and biochemical properties
fat casein the glucose sucrose illdole ure~ Voges-Proskampler
the amp Sherman 1 isolates omaUleo
characterization (19942~ _ _ - -
PNYceedfngs 213
ISBN 978b 979b 98938-5b 7
Petroleum hydrocarbons biodegradation by 10 com binations of culture consortium Thi~ stage ma~i~J1 a curve of bacteria which is prepared by fol
Hadioetomos method (1990) is then followed making of curves consortium of and bacterial culture consortium standard curves
Experiments are prepared by using a of treatment of the 3 (three) of the 5 of bacteria with the
capability so are 10 (ten) treatments each ofwhich is (three) times The bioreactor biodegradation by is made by the same procedure in
bacterial but incubated for 14 days The observations measured are cell number the percentage of of petroleum hydrocarbons The C01Jntmg
of the nnmber of the is measured by a spectrophotometer (at wavelength 1 = l~ri into the equation of mixed culture (Hadioetomos
percentage of of hydrocarbons is Nugroho (2006) the weight loss of
the testing treatment showed of degradation occurred (ANOV A) at a of 005 is performed on data obtained the observations
there is a significan Well it will (l further New Multipl~ (DNMRT) Statistics Program-6
AND DISCUSSION
Petroleum bydrocarbon biodegradation by single culture bacteria The of the ability tests of the 29 bacterial in degrading petroleum hydrocarbons and
s~lection 5 (five) species (lOd molds with the capabilities are presented in Table 1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 iL 12 13 14
5016
4998 4978
23 24 25 26 27 28 29
3876
3525
Characteristerization and identification 5 (fIVe) species of h~fP1i~ Of of 5 species of with the highest
capability are used to create a mixed formula namely B25 (Bacillus aminovorans) (Pseudomonas alcaligenes) B20 (Alcaligenes jaecalis) (Bacillus cereus) (Bacillus
spbaricus var rotans) (Table 2) is in accordance and Colwell (1990) 200 bacteria that can degrade on the sea important areAchromobacter Acinetobacter Arthrobacer
Proceedings ofthe International Semfnar Palembang 20-22 214
combination
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
Petroleum hydrocarbons biodegradation by consortium culture bacteria
of a consortium of bacterial culture significantly bacteria and the percentage of oil degradation The bacterial population
10 (ten) a combination of bacterial culture consortium is pn~sentea
positive spore prodme spore produGe spore
Motifity Motile Non motile Motile Motile Non motile
Positive Positive Positive Negative Negative Negative Negative
Positive Positive Positive Negative Positive Pnsitive Negative
-Glucose Fermentation Negative Positive Negative Positive -Sucrose Fermentation Negative Negative Positive -Lactose Fennentation Negative Negative Negative
Negative Negative Negative -lntloll Production Negative Negative Negative -Urease Produktion Negative Negative Negative -Catalase Production Positive Positive Positive Positive Negative -Metyl red test Positive Negative Negative Negative
Proskauer test Negative Positive Negative -TSl test Negative Positive Positive
test Positive Positive Positive Negative -Nitrat reduction Positive Positive Positive
c-ereus aminavorans sPhaericus
of bacteria influences the number ofbacteria due awgeOly due to a synergistic interaction
bullt+1shy T1 are grown together in a single QmallUltIveJy different from the
Qelnmern m~dium
var rotans~ This is due to a - -~ - vrlPTTl
(1998) cell growth is at Pseudomonas causes an aS5oCIatlOn
Il~ility ~C ~lllt cC~~iIlllt~on of tlllt cannot be done alone The hydrocarbon source can be derived from a fraction of the breakdown of the breakdown of hydrocarbons by the other bacteria
Proceedings ofthe International Seminar Pal embang 2011 215
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
bacteria requires a specific substrate Some bacteria interact beneficially with each other in the form of consortium
The percentage of biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons is greater by using consortia of bacterial culture compared to usmg a single cuiture This is because the bacteria used in degrading waste oil typically have higher ability if used as a consortium culture Consortium cultures have a more complete profile of enzymes than a single culture According to Mukred et al (2008) hydrocarbon compounds which are iighter and simpler can be degraded earlier at an early stage by a
Table 3 The average bacterial population and the percentage of petroleum degradation of to combinations of consortium cultures
No Consortium cultures Bacterial population (cfumL) Petroleum degradation () 1 B24 + B25 + B29 19107 a 9113 cd
72 Bzl + Bz4 + Bz9 2910 b 8995 abed 3 B20 + B21 + B24 37107 e 9004 abed 4 B20 + B25 + B29 39107 c 8962 abc 5 B21 + B24 + Bzj 51107 d 9059 bed 6 B20 + B24 + B25 52107 de 9152 d 7 B20+B21+B29 57107 de 8881 a 8 B20+B24+B29 62107 de 8979 abc 9 B21+ B25 +B29 66107 ef 8952 ab 10 B20 + B2l + B25 81107 f 9186 d
Notes the numbers followed by the same small letters on the same column show no signIficance difference according DNMRT (a = 5) B20 Alcaligenes jaecalis B2l Pseudomonas alcaligenes 824 Bacillus cereus 825 Bacillus aminovorans B29 Bacillus sphaericus var rotans
bacterial culture then the compounds which have not been degraded in the early stages are degraded by the second culture and so on According Kanaly amp Harayama (1995) and Nugroho (2006) the composition of complex compounds such as petroleum hydrocarbons cause a single species of bacteria to be unable to degrade all the components of petroleum because each species of bacteria require a specific substrate Some bacteria which interact mutually beneficially with one another in the forin of a consortium have a highly beneficial role during the degradation process of petroleum hydrocarbons
The combination treatment of consortium culture which produces high percentage of degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons is a combination of AlcaTigenes jaecalis Pseudomonas alcaligenes and Bacillus aminovorans Alcaligenes faecalis Bacillus cereus and Bacillus aminovorans l Pseudomonas alcaligenes Bacillus cereuss and Bacillus aminovorans Pseudomonas alcaligenes Bacillus cereus and Bacillus aminovorans Alcaligenes jaecalis Pseudomonas alcaligenes ana Bacillus cereUS SeqUentiallY the aVerage percentages of degradation of perroletiili hydrocarbons are as follows 9186915291139059 and 9004 (Table 3) It is allegedly due to the fact that the genus Bacillus Pseudomonas and Alcaligenes are able to degrade petroleum hydrocarbons from low molecular weight to high molecular weight resulting in a high percentage of degradation According to Alexander (1977) genus Bacillus and Pseudomonas are capable of degrading petroleum hydrocarbons with low molecular weight such as ethane propane and butane and the petroleum hydrocarbons with high molecular weight such as aromatic hydrocarbons phenol naphthalene and antrasena According to Atlas amp Bartha (1998) the genus of Pseudomonas can grow and degrade petroleum hydrocarbons chain CW C36 According to Desai amp Vyas (2006) the genus Bacillus Pseudomonas and Alcaligenes are able to degrade saturated hydrocarbons monoaromatic hydrocarbons and polyaromatic hydrocarbons According to Zhu et al (2004) the genus Pseudomonas and Alcaligenes are bacterial consortium cultures which are able to degrade the components of petroleum hydrocarbons alkanes with carbon chain C20-C25 Presumably because of the differences in the ability of each genus in degrading petroleum hydrocarbons so that the hydrocarbon components of the low the medium and the high molecular weight can be degraded According to
hnceedings othe Internatioiwi Serrrindr Palembang 2()22 October 2011 216
Santoso DSB2006Hasil inventarisasi dan identifIkasi mangrove Prnnini
Kepulauan Belitung Buku I (buku PT Multima Krida P MMuiyono D dan ESantoso 2002 sulfonat
dalam bioremediasi limbah bumL 11(011
EKardena Ratnaningsih and Wisjnuprapto 2006 Improving the efectiveness of crude-oil hrlrultgtrlrAn hrlraquo1ltgtt1gtru employing Azotobacter Chroococcum co-inocuJant Faculty of Padjadjaran University 1-16 AD200S Multi-proses remediasi dalam penanganan (Oil di perairan laut dan
pesisir Seminar Bioremediasi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Mulawarman 16 MRRldho2008 RehabilitaSi Hutan Mangrove Studi Modeling Bioremediasi
Mengj~unakm Agen untuk Bahan di Hutan Mangrove Wilayah Propinsi Sumatera Selatan
Zhu X ADVenosa amp MT Suidan 2004 Literature review on the use of commercial bioremediation for clean up ofoil-contaminated estuarine environments EPAJ6001R-04075
October 218
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
36 of Coal Mining Activity (Syaifudin Administration Faculty Social and
Science Program University
and Restn Juniah2) Sriwijaya
242
37 250
38 Chemical Compound Of Gout (Elfita1 Sciences) University)
259
39 3-0XO from the Stem Bark of Manggu (Garcinia cornea) (Mubarni Handi Department oChemistry Faculty and Natural Science Sriwijaya University Indralaya South Sumatera Indonesia)
265
40 Antioxidant Flavonoids runjuk Langit (Helminthostacys Zaylanica) (Fitrya 1 Mubarnil dan Eliza Department oChemistry University Sriwijaya)
271
41 The Industry Characteristic and View their Influence On Relations In Indonesian Industry (Explorations From Three Case Studies) (Hendragnnawan John Lewer Hasanuddin
276
42 Competitiveness Telecommunications (Kesi Widjajanti Hrll1JIJl
indonesiai -
Enterprises (Soes)
LJLfJIfL Semarang University PI1nr-nn
289
43 Prospects and ChaIlenges Indonesia (Daryono Udan
Introduction ofOpen Educational Resources in Olivia Idrus)
299
44 Research Collaboration on Assurance Open and Distance Asia (Endang Nugraheni Aminudin Zuhairi Universitas Terbuka lnaones
306
45 Fast Ship Serving South to West (Muhammad Albam Djabbar and Andi Haris Mubammad
nYE)TYngtM Department Hasanuddin University MlIIWSScrr lflU(JneIulJ
313
D Public Healtb and Medical Science
Exposure and Kersana Sub District Brebes
Siwiendrayanti Public Semarang State University)
on Childbearin~-A~e Women in
Department Sport Science Faculty
316
International October 2011 x
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
47 Factors Related to The Occurrence Low Back Pain Complaints On 325 Care Center PT Telekomunikasi
Tbk Year 2010 (Yuli M Farid Harnzens Juniar Tri State 15lamic University Syarif Hidayalullah Jakarta)
48 Relation Work Risk Factors with Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) 334 ofGold Miner Workers In Cilograng-Banten on 2010 (YuH Raibana Nadra Alkaff Eudang Bukbori State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta)
49 Effect of Rehydration Solutions on Fatigue Among Women Workers 343 (Mardiana Departement Sport Science Semarang State University)
50 The Association between Risk L~A RULA and Musculoskeleatal 349 Symptom among Workers in a Printing Manufacturing Company Malaysia (Me Foong 2A Mobd Yusof IB Mobd Rafee and lAA Abmad J Department ofCommunity Health Medicine and Health Sczemes University Putra Malaysia )
51 Productive Work Time Lost Because OfEmployee Behaviour in Wood 356 Industry in Jepara District Central Java (Nurjanab1
Zabrob SbaJubiyab2 Bagoes Widjanarko2
JMasterStudent Health Promotion Program ofHealth Faculty ofDian Nuswantoro University Semarang ofHealth Promotion Program ofDiponegoro Semarang)
52 Quality and Water Borne at The Lowland in 366 (Dianita Ekawati1
Tan Malaka1 Robiyanto MT Kamaluddin Dwi
SetiawanJ Amar Muntaha1
i J)cpartment BinG Husada 30131 Indonesia 2Medicine ofSriwijaya University 3Agriculture Faculty ofSriwijaya University
53 Measuring Escherichia Coli in Foods And Beverages Towards Certification of 381 Cafeteria Campus (Dewi Susanna M Indrawan1
Zakianis1Tris Eryando Fitria Kartika A Dimarsetiot ~===~ iFacuity Health InlrrW7f Student Public Health SP1PYIP Indonesia University Indonesia)
54 Adverse Handling to Woman Child (WCA) in 385 Area (ImeJda Gernauli Purba Faculty ofPublic Sriwijaya
University Indonesia)
55 Comparative Analysis of Occupational Safety and Risk Management I--rnm-rltlrn at Indonesia and National University of (Anita CameIia Faculty ofPublic Health University ofSriwijaya Indonesia)
56 Analysis of oflead (Pb) in semen and sperm motility at the Laboratory of 406 Medkal Biology Faculty of University of Sriwijaya (Nani Sari Murnit Tan Malaka dan M Zulkarnain1
2Faculty Medicine OfSriwijaya University)
International October 2011 Xl
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
57 Protective Equipment With 432 Disorders Wood Furniture Workers In Kecamatan lndralaya and
Kecamatan Indralaya Utara 2011 (Herliawati Christine Sihaloho Nursing Sience Study
Medicine Sriwijaya University Indonesia)
58 Value ofChildren as Determinants Nutrition on The Environment 438 Vulnerable Sociocultural Nutrition (Village Pecuk District Mijen Demak Central Java) (Oktia Woro Kasmini Department ofPublic Health ScienCes FlK UNNES
59 ofRhodamine B Coolde ofTraditional Food (Study at Pasar 445 Tanjung of Jeurombeuror Reurogeuroncy) (Khoiron Astri Rizky Vitantina Rabayu Sri Pujiati Departemenl Environmental and Occupational Health amp Sqfety Faculty ofPublic Health University ofJember)
60 In 453 Badung District ofBaH Province (putu Widarini School ofPublic Health Udayana University)
61 Diet nutrition and the prevention of cervical cancer 459 (Ciptaningtyas R State Islamic Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta)
62 The Correlation Between Macro Nutrient Consumption and Physical Activities With 472 Overweight Among Children In School
at Jember Yusi Ratuawati Sulistiyani Dwinda Prianton Public Health Faculty
Jember University)
63 Correlation of family participant with nutrition status ofchildren under five years 477 old in village work area III north ueIlpasar (Ni Ketut Sutiari Lub Sudiasih I Agung Ayu Mabayuningsih School ofPublic Health Faculty ofMedicine Udayana University)
64 Does Birthweight Related With Chronic Diseases In Adult Life 488 (Suci Destriatania Faculty ofPublic Health University ofSriwijaya Indonesia)
65 Breastfueding Mother On Teens At Work Area Center 492 Year 2011
(Bina Melvia ofMedicine Nursing Science Study Programmiddot UNSRl)
66 The Effect ofMatemal Nutrition Anemia towards Low Birth 502 (Rini Mutahar Mis naniarti Fatmalina Srfwijaya University InlOnSlll
67 Relationship with Diarrhea In 508H1v1UvH
School Children (Fatmalina Indah Purnama Sari Public Sriwijaya University Indonesia)
Proceedings ofthe International Seminar October 2011
978-979-98938-5-7
68 Between and Lifestyle with prevalence In 513 medicine Moehammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang the Year 2011 (Nikson Sitorus Desti Widiastuti Health Polytechnic ofPalembang
69 Incident in Banyuasin Multilevel 519 Modelling Approach (Rismala Kesuma Kamaluddin Ngudiantoro Ibrahim Tjek Suryadi Departement ofPublic Health STIKES Darul Ma arifAl Baturaja
70 Factors Pap SmearIva Test among Women at 2 35 Years in 524 Denpasar Who Diagnosed Cancer At Hospital 2011 (Ni Luh Putu Suariyani Regina Chrysautie School ofPublic Health
ofMedicine Udayana University)
The Difference of Urinary Iodine (UEI) Increase between 531 With and Without Ascariasis Administration of
(Galuh Nita Prameswari Public Health Departement Sport Science Faculty Semarang University)
72 Analysis ofDeterminants ofTuberculosis In The Workers at PT Perkebunan 541 Nusantara XII (persero) (Anita Dewi Prahastuti Sujoso Ria Nuri Estu Karisma Irma Prasetyowati
ofEnvironmental and Occupational Safety of ofJember)
73 Risk Factors at dr Hospital of lember District- East 549 (NimaJ Baroya Pudjo Wahjudi Annisa Reykaningrum Public Faculty
University
74 Hip Structure Associated with 560 Osteoporosis Study (GOS) Data (Margaret Henry L J Department QfClinical and Biomedical Sciences The University QfMelboume Australia ofPublic Health Sriwijaya University Kampus Unsri Indralaya flir Sumaera Indonesia 3 School ofPopulation Health
University ofMelbourne Australia)
75 The Mellitus Risk Factors in Bangka (Titi Sari Renowati Amar Muntaba Dianita Environmental Health Laboratory and Disease Control Palembang Indonesia)
Vera 569
76 of Knowledge and about 580 With Attitudes From Indonesian People To People Living With Aids (PLHA)
Of SDKI 2007) Indonesia 2010 (Yeni Najmah IDni Mutahar ofPublic Health Sriwijaya University Indonesia)
77 of Epidemiologic of Filariasis in Sub-District of Tangkuno of Southeastern Sulawesi in 2009 (Ramadhan Devi Savitri Effendy Public Health Department of
Proceedings International Seminar Palembang 2011 xiii
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
Mathematics and Natural Sciences ofHaluoleo University Kendari) 78 Injecting Drug Users Not Needle 599
And Syringe Program InPalernbangSouth Sumatera (Najrnah Faculty Health University Indonesia)
79 The Use of Salivary A-Amylase And Symptoms Questionnaires as 605 lU-Vl For Distress Breast Cancer (Yong Zubaidah JO Saidi M Zalilab MS Yong HY and Zailina H Universiti Putra MalaySia Malaysia)
80 Self-Concept in Behavior of Chickens (Ayam Kampus) In 619
(Eti Rimawati Health Faculty Universitas Dian Nuswantoro)
81 Relation Intercourse among University 626 Students In Bandar Lampung (Roro Rukmi Windi Perdani Faculty ofMedicine University Lampung )
82 of Posyandu Information System of 635 Maternal and Child (Case at Manisrejo Urban Village Taman District in Madiun City Java Province) (Abu Health ofJember)
83 Health Reform as a Result of Decentralization Policy in Bali 641 Ayu Indrayatbi Pande Putu School Health Medicine
Faculti ofUdayana University)
84 The Relationship between Mix and University Interest in 647 Public Health Science Program Medicine Andalas
University 2011 (IsniatiSyahriaJVonicha Regia ofMedicine Andalas University)
85 Healthy Behavior-Based Development Model to a Free Larvae by irntnnnt Health In The Eastern District
(Nizwardi Azkha Rizanda Machmud ofMedicine Universitas Andalas pu7nYIo Indonesia)
86 Care Seeking Behaviour of Community and Tb 670 Nonformal (Nurul IslamyJ Haris
87 on Sexual Behavior in Adolescent at Seberan~ U1u Area 677
(Iche Andriyani Liberty Nur Alarn Fajar Elvi Sunarsih Faculty of Public Sriwijaya University Indonesia)
ofthe International Seminar 2011
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
88 Review Implementation Of The 564MENKESSKNlJ1I2006) (Iwan Stia Budi Faculty ofPublic
Desa (Kepmenkes No 684
89 The Study of Desa Siaga In (Misnaniarti Asmaripa Ainy Nur Alam Sriwijaya Indonesia)
Ilir District Faculty Health
690
90 Behavior Toward Methadone Maintenance Therapy 2010
697
(Tri Novia Kumalasari Faculty ofPublic Health Sriwijaya University Indonesia)
91 Who Have Tantrums Toddler Cbodijab Abdul Qudus Eka Fitri School
Faculty ofMedicine Sriwijaya Indonesia)
705
92 Factors that Influence the Behavior of Male Adolescence Smokers at Junior School Jakarta (Cicilia Nony Budi Sulistyowan Wuryastun School ofHealth Science Sin Carolus)
714
93 Stratification ofPublic For at Urban and Rural Areas in Indonesia (Ari hnany Rusilanti and Sachriani Home 111pound7gtfn State University Indonesia)
718
723
Name and of Presenter International 726
Proceedings ofthe International Seminar Palembang 20-22 October xv
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
BIODEGRADATION OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON BY SINGLE AND CONSORTIUM OF HYDROCARBONOCLASTIC BACTERIA FROM PETROELUM
POLLUTED
Hary Widjajanti1 Iswandi Anas2
Nuni Gofar MohRasyid Ridho3
1Student of Doctoral Program at the of the Graduate Program of Sriwijaya University haryunsriyahoocom 2 Bogor Agricultural Institute 3Sriwijaya University
The study on the biodegradation of hydrocarbons by a single culture and a of hydrocarbonoclastic 1lgtItP11 from mangrove areas contaminated -Vl
done The study to test bacteria isolate in aeJraOlTlg hydrocarbons to cnalfacten potential bacterial isolate uwq
petroleum hydrocarbon to hydrocarbonoclastic in biodegrading petroleum biodegradation test was
conducted by using a Out the isolates of bacteria that ae~ralatllon ability were selected isolates were further Cn~lIajtelnz~~a identified and made into a consortium combination of3 (three) 1lgttP11 LV biodegradation tests were conducted by combinations of a consortium 3 (three) replications Observed number of bacteria and np1prnlgt(TP of TPH (Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon) Five of the 29 bacterial v which have a high ability in rInrrarl
Bacillus aminovorans Pseudomonas alcaligenes (5304) (~1 ~~4) 8cuillys 8cl(illY~1i sphqeriqus vqr culture ofhydro carbo no clastic consortium which is capable highest percentage of 9186 ofAlcaligenes faecalis Pseudomonas Bacillus aminovorans
Key words blOae~rru1at1 hydrocarbonoc1astic bacteria llIau areas
INTRODUCTION terms of SOClOeCOinOlnlC
including their as a barrier to coastal windbreaker content in the air and pollutants in vuraquouou
2006) The mangrove South Sumatra and Bangka Belitung cover an area of
of which are in damaged condition 1 1 1 ha damaged and ha (1411) are not damaged 2006) quantitatively u from to year because of the land conversion for industrial residential and transportation forest area has decreased quantitatively for~its have also environmental degradation to example in the areas in South Sumatra especially the area and Upang areas are the areas of Watershed (DAS) of Musi
shipping Jm~s for oil fields Oil pollution in the
ofdrilling producing refming and ll the P9rt llg th~
mangrove ecosystem with the most severe
Seminal Palembang 212
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
waste oil in the waters can be carried out means of physical and
~ioltgilt~l P~y~c~ a1_~ chemical methlt~s (ire u~ual more eXj)efsive~ T1lt~ envir0l1111 entally friendly application can create new problems Therefore an alternative effort waste oil which relatively cost and does not cause any negative impact on aquatic
is The treatment is handling waste biologically method of biological treatment of waste oil is bioremediation LUU
which on degradation by means of degrading is an friendly way which is effective efficient and environmentally acceptable (Mangkoedibardjo 2005 and Syakti 2004)
Widj aj anti et al (2008) had found 29 hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria petroleum contaminated mangrove area All isolates can grow in oil contaminated environment and can used oil as carbon source but quantitatively their to degrade petroleum hydrocarbon still unknown as a so must potency in hydrocarbon
bacteria used in treating waste oil have higher if used as a or a mixed (Alpentri et al Mukred ei Oil-degrading
microbes not work as individual species but in form of consortium (Mangkoedihardjo 2005) According to Sanchez (2006) the consortium is a group microbes which are beneficial to one and carry out by which individual can not do According et al (2001) the of biodegradation of hydrocarbons to perfection cannot possibly be by only one type of microbe but it is always done by a set of
fate of is mote mixed ctirure compared with single cultures
study aims to 1) test ability of rlP[)TIrllta petroleum 2) IdentifY potential bacterial isolate petroleum
hydrocarbon 3) obtain a potential consortium hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria in biodegrading petroleum hydrocarbons
culture by filling the sourceofN
with a tJ~r Soeminarti liquid medium mixture was adjusted to pH 7 (Modification of Okoh amp Trejo 2006) treatment unit is on a shaker with a speed of 120 rpm at room temperature 7
(M11kred et aL 20()8) Of the 29 bacterial whose potential in degrading petroleum hydrocarbons are tested 5
isolates with the LIlt capability are five isolates highest ability will made into 1 0 of bacterial cultures with consortium-__-- -- -_ - _ - -
3 (three) conducted 3 (three)
Characterization and of hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria The characterization identification are on five hydrocarbonoclastic
l~rTr1~ with high ability Morphological characters of the bacteria being includes the growth plate Nutrient (NA) tilt NA medium and straight NA medium Cell morphology
iIiclldcent~ lirldCcentll cMiI1~ of Gram tfIld the ap~eIicentcent encloS1Pories (Pikoli e aI 2000) The characterization of physiological and biochemical properties
fat casein the glucose sucrose illdole ure~ Voges-Proskampler
the amp Sherman 1 isolates omaUleo
characterization (19942~ _ _ - -
PNYceedfngs 213
ISBN 978b 979b 98938-5b 7
Petroleum hydrocarbons biodegradation by 10 com binations of culture consortium Thi~ stage ma~i~J1 a curve of bacteria which is prepared by fol
Hadioetomos method (1990) is then followed making of curves consortium of and bacterial culture consortium standard curves
Experiments are prepared by using a of treatment of the 3 (three) of the 5 of bacteria with the
capability so are 10 (ten) treatments each ofwhich is (three) times The bioreactor biodegradation by is made by the same procedure in
bacterial but incubated for 14 days The observations measured are cell number the percentage of of petroleum hydrocarbons The C01Jntmg
of the nnmber of the is measured by a spectrophotometer (at wavelength 1 = l~ri into the equation of mixed culture (Hadioetomos
percentage of of hydrocarbons is Nugroho (2006) the weight loss of
the testing treatment showed of degradation occurred (ANOV A) at a of 005 is performed on data obtained the observations
there is a significan Well it will (l further New Multipl~ (DNMRT) Statistics Program-6
AND DISCUSSION
Petroleum bydrocarbon biodegradation by single culture bacteria The of the ability tests of the 29 bacterial in degrading petroleum hydrocarbons and
s~lection 5 (five) species (lOd molds with the capabilities are presented in Table 1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 iL 12 13 14
5016
4998 4978
23 24 25 26 27 28 29
3876
3525
Characteristerization and identification 5 (fIVe) species of h~fP1i~ Of of 5 species of with the highest
capability are used to create a mixed formula namely B25 (Bacillus aminovorans) (Pseudomonas alcaligenes) B20 (Alcaligenes jaecalis) (Bacillus cereus) (Bacillus
spbaricus var rotans) (Table 2) is in accordance and Colwell (1990) 200 bacteria that can degrade on the sea important areAchromobacter Acinetobacter Arthrobacer
Proceedings ofthe International Semfnar Palembang 20-22 214
combination
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
Petroleum hydrocarbons biodegradation by consortium culture bacteria
of a consortium of bacterial culture significantly bacteria and the percentage of oil degradation The bacterial population
10 (ten) a combination of bacterial culture consortium is pn~sentea
positive spore prodme spore produGe spore
Motifity Motile Non motile Motile Motile Non motile
Positive Positive Positive Negative Negative Negative Negative
Positive Positive Positive Negative Positive Pnsitive Negative
-Glucose Fermentation Negative Positive Negative Positive -Sucrose Fermentation Negative Negative Positive -Lactose Fennentation Negative Negative Negative
Negative Negative Negative -lntloll Production Negative Negative Negative -Urease Produktion Negative Negative Negative -Catalase Production Positive Positive Positive Positive Negative -Metyl red test Positive Negative Negative Negative
Proskauer test Negative Positive Negative -TSl test Negative Positive Positive
test Positive Positive Positive Negative -Nitrat reduction Positive Positive Positive
c-ereus aminavorans sPhaericus
of bacteria influences the number ofbacteria due awgeOly due to a synergistic interaction
bullt+1shy T1 are grown together in a single QmallUltIveJy different from the
Qelnmern m~dium
var rotans~ This is due to a - -~ - vrlPTTl
(1998) cell growth is at Pseudomonas causes an aS5oCIatlOn
Il~ility ~C ~lllt cC~~iIlllt~on of tlllt cannot be done alone The hydrocarbon source can be derived from a fraction of the breakdown of the breakdown of hydrocarbons by the other bacteria
Proceedings ofthe International Seminar Pal embang 2011 215
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
bacteria requires a specific substrate Some bacteria interact beneficially with each other in the form of consortium
The percentage of biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons is greater by using consortia of bacterial culture compared to usmg a single cuiture This is because the bacteria used in degrading waste oil typically have higher ability if used as a consortium culture Consortium cultures have a more complete profile of enzymes than a single culture According to Mukred et al (2008) hydrocarbon compounds which are iighter and simpler can be degraded earlier at an early stage by a
Table 3 The average bacterial population and the percentage of petroleum degradation of to combinations of consortium cultures
No Consortium cultures Bacterial population (cfumL) Petroleum degradation () 1 B24 + B25 + B29 19107 a 9113 cd
72 Bzl + Bz4 + Bz9 2910 b 8995 abed 3 B20 + B21 + B24 37107 e 9004 abed 4 B20 + B25 + B29 39107 c 8962 abc 5 B21 + B24 + Bzj 51107 d 9059 bed 6 B20 + B24 + B25 52107 de 9152 d 7 B20+B21+B29 57107 de 8881 a 8 B20+B24+B29 62107 de 8979 abc 9 B21+ B25 +B29 66107 ef 8952 ab 10 B20 + B2l + B25 81107 f 9186 d
Notes the numbers followed by the same small letters on the same column show no signIficance difference according DNMRT (a = 5) B20 Alcaligenes jaecalis B2l Pseudomonas alcaligenes 824 Bacillus cereus 825 Bacillus aminovorans B29 Bacillus sphaericus var rotans
bacterial culture then the compounds which have not been degraded in the early stages are degraded by the second culture and so on According Kanaly amp Harayama (1995) and Nugroho (2006) the composition of complex compounds such as petroleum hydrocarbons cause a single species of bacteria to be unable to degrade all the components of petroleum because each species of bacteria require a specific substrate Some bacteria which interact mutually beneficially with one another in the forin of a consortium have a highly beneficial role during the degradation process of petroleum hydrocarbons
The combination treatment of consortium culture which produces high percentage of degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons is a combination of AlcaTigenes jaecalis Pseudomonas alcaligenes and Bacillus aminovorans Alcaligenes faecalis Bacillus cereus and Bacillus aminovorans l Pseudomonas alcaligenes Bacillus cereuss and Bacillus aminovorans Pseudomonas alcaligenes Bacillus cereus and Bacillus aminovorans Alcaligenes jaecalis Pseudomonas alcaligenes ana Bacillus cereUS SeqUentiallY the aVerage percentages of degradation of perroletiili hydrocarbons are as follows 9186915291139059 and 9004 (Table 3) It is allegedly due to the fact that the genus Bacillus Pseudomonas and Alcaligenes are able to degrade petroleum hydrocarbons from low molecular weight to high molecular weight resulting in a high percentage of degradation According to Alexander (1977) genus Bacillus and Pseudomonas are capable of degrading petroleum hydrocarbons with low molecular weight such as ethane propane and butane and the petroleum hydrocarbons with high molecular weight such as aromatic hydrocarbons phenol naphthalene and antrasena According to Atlas amp Bartha (1998) the genus of Pseudomonas can grow and degrade petroleum hydrocarbons chain CW C36 According to Desai amp Vyas (2006) the genus Bacillus Pseudomonas and Alcaligenes are able to degrade saturated hydrocarbons monoaromatic hydrocarbons and polyaromatic hydrocarbons According to Zhu et al (2004) the genus Pseudomonas and Alcaligenes are bacterial consortium cultures which are able to degrade the components of petroleum hydrocarbons alkanes with carbon chain C20-C25 Presumably because of the differences in the ability of each genus in degrading petroleum hydrocarbons so that the hydrocarbon components of the low the medium and the high molecular weight can be degraded According to
hnceedings othe Internatioiwi Serrrindr Palembang 2()22 October 2011 216
Santoso DSB2006Hasil inventarisasi dan identifIkasi mangrove Prnnini
Kepulauan Belitung Buku I (buku PT Multima Krida P MMuiyono D dan ESantoso 2002 sulfonat
dalam bioremediasi limbah bumL 11(011
EKardena Ratnaningsih and Wisjnuprapto 2006 Improving the efectiveness of crude-oil hrlrultgtrlrAn hrlraquo1ltgtt1gtru employing Azotobacter Chroococcum co-inocuJant Faculty of Padjadjaran University 1-16 AD200S Multi-proses remediasi dalam penanganan (Oil di perairan laut dan
pesisir Seminar Bioremediasi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Mulawarman 16 MRRldho2008 RehabilitaSi Hutan Mangrove Studi Modeling Bioremediasi
Mengj~unakm Agen untuk Bahan di Hutan Mangrove Wilayah Propinsi Sumatera Selatan
Zhu X ADVenosa amp MT Suidan 2004 Literature review on the use of commercial bioremediation for clean up ofoil-contaminated estuarine environments EPAJ6001R-04075
October 218
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
47 Factors Related to The Occurrence Low Back Pain Complaints On 325 Care Center PT Telekomunikasi
Tbk Year 2010 (Yuli M Farid Harnzens Juniar Tri State 15lamic University Syarif Hidayalullah Jakarta)
48 Relation Work Risk Factors with Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) 334 ofGold Miner Workers In Cilograng-Banten on 2010 (YuH Raibana Nadra Alkaff Eudang Bukbori State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta)
49 Effect of Rehydration Solutions on Fatigue Among Women Workers 343 (Mardiana Departement Sport Science Semarang State University)
50 The Association between Risk L~A RULA and Musculoskeleatal 349 Symptom among Workers in a Printing Manufacturing Company Malaysia (Me Foong 2A Mobd Yusof IB Mobd Rafee and lAA Abmad J Department ofCommunity Health Medicine and Health Sczemes University Putra Malaysia )
51 Productive Work Time Lost Because OfEmployee Behaviour in Wood 356 Industry in Jepara District Central Java (Nurjanab1
Zabrob SbaJubiyab2 Bagoes Widjanarko2
JMasterStudent Health Promotion Program ofHealth Faculty ofDian Nuswantoro University Semarang ofHealth Promotion Program ofDiponegoro Semarang)
52 Quality and Water Borne at The Lowland in 366 (Dianita Ekawati1
Tan Malaka1 Robiyanto MT Kamaluddin Dwi
SetiawanJ Amar Muntaha1
i J)cpartment BinG Husada 30131 Indonesia 2Medicine ofSriwijaya University 3Agriculture Faculty ofSriwijaya University
53 Measuring Escherichia Coli in Foods And Beverages Towards Certification of 381 Cafeteria Campus (Dewi Susanna M Indrawan1
Zakianis1Tris Eryando Fitria Kartika A Dimarsetiot ~===~ iFacuity Health InlrrW7f Student Public Health SP1PYIP Indonesia University Indonesia)
54 Adverse Handling to Woman Child (WCA) in 385 Area (ImeJda Gernauli Purba Faculty ofPublic Sriwijaya
University Indonesia)
55 Comparative Analysis of Occupational Safety and Risk Management I--rnm-rltlrn at Indonesia and National University of (Anita CameIia Faculty ofPublic Health University ofSriwijaya Indonesia)
56 Analysis of oflead (Pb) in semen and sperm motility at the Laboratory of 406 Medkal Biology Faculty of University of Sriwijaya (Nani Sari Murnit Tan Malaka dan M Zulkarnain1
2Faculty Medicine OfSriwijaya University)
International October 2011 Xl
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
57 Protective Equipment With 432 Disorders Wood Furniture Workers In Kecamatan lndralaya and
Kecamatan Indralaya Utara 2011 (Herliawati Christine Sihaloho Nursing Sience Study
Medicine Sriwijaya University Indonesia)
58 Value ofChildren as Determinants Nutrition on The Environment 438 Vulnerable Sociocultural Nutrition (Village Pecuk District Mijen Demak Central Java) (Oktia Woro Kasmini Department ofPublic Health ScienCes FlK UNNES
59 ofRhodamine B Coolde ofTraditional Food (Study at Pasar 445 Tanjung of Jeurombeuror Reurogeuroncy) (Khoiron Astri Rizky Vitantina Rabayu Sri Pujiati Departemenl Environmental and Occupational Health amp Sqfety Faculty ofPublic Health University ofJember)
60 In 453 Badung District ofBaH Province (putu Widarini School ofPublic Health Udayana University)
61 Diet nutrition and the prevention of cervical cancer 459 (Ciptaningtyas R State Islamic Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta)
62 The Correlation Between Macro Nutrient Consumption and Physical Activities With 472 Overweight Among Children In School
at Jember Yusi Ratuawati Sulistiyani Dwinda Prianton Public Health Faculty
Jember University)
63 Correlation of family participant with nutrition status ofchildren under five years 477 old in village work area III north ueIlpasar (Ni Ketut Sutiari Lub Sudiasih I Agung Ayu Mabayuningsih School ofPublic Health Faculty ofMedicine Udayana University)
64 Does Birthweight Related With Chronic Diseases In Adult Life 488 (Suci Destriatania Faculty ofPublic Health University ofSriwijaya Indonesia)
65 Breastfueding Mother On Teens At Work Area Center 492 Year 2011
(Bina Melvia ofMedicine Nursing Science Study Programmiddot UNSRl)
66 The Effect ofMatemal Nutrition Anemia towards Low Birth 502 (Rini Mutahar Mis naniarti Fatmalina Srfwijaya University InlOnSlll
67 Relationship with Diarrhea In 508H1v1UvH
School Children (Fatmalina Indah Purnama Sari Public Sriwijaya University Indonesia)
Proceedings ofthe International Seminar October 2011
978-979-98938-5-7
68 Between and Lifestyle with prevalence In 513 medicine Moehammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang the Year 2011 (Nikson Sitorus Desti Widiastuti Health Polytechnic ofPalembang
69 Incident in Banyuasin Multilevel 519 Modelling Approach (Rismala Kesuma Kamaluddin Ngudiantoro Ibrahim Tjek Suryadi Departement ofPublic Health STIKES Darul Ma arifAl Baturaja
70 Factors Pap SmearIva Test among Women at 2 35 Years in 524 Denpasar Who Diagnosed Cancer At Hospital 2011 (Ni Luh Putu Suariyani Regina Chrysautie School ofPublic Health
ofMedicine Udayana University)
The Difference of Urinary Iodine (UEI) Increase between 531 With and Without Ascariasis Administration of
(Galuh Nita Prameswari Public Health Departement Sport Science Faculty Semarang University)
72 Analysis ofDeterminants ofTuberculosis In The Workers at PT Perkebunan 541 Nusantara XII (persero) (Anita Dewi Prahastuti Sujoso Ria Nuri Estu Karisma Irma Prasetyowati
ofEnvironmental and Occupational Safety of ofJember)
73 Risk Factors at dr Hospital of lember District- East 549 (NimaJ Baroya Pudjo Wahjudi Annisa Reykaningrum Public Faculty
University
74 Hip Structure Associated with 560 Osteoporosis Study (GOS) Data (Margaret Henry L J Department QfClinical and Biomedical Sciences The University QfMelboume Australia ofPublic Health Sriwijaya University Kampus Unsri Indralaya flir Sumaera Indonesia 3 School ofPopulation Health
University ofMelbourne Australia)
75 The Mellitus Risk Factors in Bangka (Titi Sari Renowati Amar Muntaba Dianita Environmental Health Laboratory and Disease Control Palembang Indonesia)
Vera 569
76 of Knowledge and about 580 With Attitudes From Indonesian People To People Living With Aids (PLHA)
Of SDKI 2007) Indonesia 2010 (Yeni Najmah IDni Mutahar ofPublic Health Sriwijaya University Indonesia)
77 of Epidemiologic of Filariasis in Sub-District of Tangkuno of Southeastern Sulawesi in 2009 (Ramadhan Devi Savitri Effendy Public Health Department of
Proceedings International Seminar Palembang 2011 xiii
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
Mathematics and Natural Sciences ofHaluoleo University Kendari) 78 Injecting Drug Users Not Needle 599
And Syringe Program InPalernbangSouth Sumatera (Najrnah Faculty Health University Indonesia)
79 The Use of Salivary A-Amylase And Symptoms Questionnaires as 605 lU-Vl For Distress Breast Cancer (Yong Zubaidah JO Saidi M Zalilab MS Yong HY and Zailina H Universiti Putra MalaySia Malaysia)
80 Self-Concept in Behavior of Chickens (Ayam Kampus) In 619
(Eti Rimawati Health Faculty Universitas Dian Nuswantoro)
81 Relation Intercourse among University 626 Students In Bandar Lampung (Roro Rukmi Windi Perdani Faculty ofMedicine University Lampung )
82 of Posyandu Information System of 635 Maternal and Child (Case at Manisrejo Urban Village Taman District in Madiun City Java Province) (Abu Health ofJember)
83 Health Reform as a Result of Decentralization Policy in Bali 641 Ayu Indrayatbi Pande Putu School Health Medicine
Faculti ofUdayana University)
84 The Relationship between Mix and University Interest in 647 Public Health Science Program Medicine Andalas
University 2011 (IsniatiSyahriaJVonicha Regia ofMedicine Andalas University)
85 Healthy Behavior-Based Development Model to a Free Larvae by irntnnnt Health In The Eastern District
(Nizwardi Azkha Rizanda Machmud ofMedicine Universitas Andalas pu7nYIo Indonesia)
86 Care Seeking Behaviour of Community and Tb 670 Nonformal (Nurul IslamyJ Haris
87 on Sexual Behavior in Adolescent at Seberan~ U1u Area 677
(Iche Andriyani Liberty Nur Alarn Fajar Elvi Sunarsih Faculty of Public Sriwijaya University Indonesia)
ofthe International Seminar 2011
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
88 Review Implementation Of The 564MENKESSKNlJ1I2006) (Iwan Stia Budi Faculty ofPublic
Desa (Kepmenkes No 684
89 The Study of Desa Siaga In (Misnaniarti Asmaripa Ainy Nur Alam Sriwijaya Indonesia)
Ilir District Faculty Health
690
90 Behavior Toward Methadone Maintenance Therapy 2010
697
(Tri Novia Kumalasari Faculty ofPublic Health Sriwijaya University Indonesia)
91 Who Have Tantrums Toddler Cbodijab Abdul Qudus Eka Fitri School
Faculty ofMedicine Sriwijaya Indonesia)
705
92 Factors that Influence the Behavior of Male Adolescence Smokers at Junior School Jakarta (Cicilia Nony Budi Sulistyowan Wuryastun School ofHealth Science Sin Carolus)
714
93 Stratification ofPublic For at Urban and Rural Areas in Indonesia (Ari hnany Rusilanti and Sachriani Home 111pound7gtfn State University Indonesia)
718
723
Name and of Presenter International 726
Proceedings ofthe International Seminar Palembang 20-22 October xv
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
BIODEGRADATION OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON BY SINGLE AND CONSORTIUM OF HYDROCARBONOCLASTIC BACTERIA FROM PETROELUM
POLLUTED
Hary Widjajanti1 Iswandi Anas2
Nuni Gofar MohRasyid Ridho3
1Student of Doctoral Program at the of the Graduate Program of Sriwijaya University haryunsriyahoocom 2 Bogor Agricultural Institute 3Sriwijaya University
The study on the biodegradation of hydrocarbons by a single culture and a of hydrocarbonoclastic 1lgtItP11 from mangrove areas contaminated -Vl
done The study to test bacteria isolate in aeJraOlTlg hydrocarbons to cnalfacten potential bacterial isolate uwq
petroleum hydrocarbon to hydrocarbonoclastic in biodegrading petroleum biodegradation test was
conducted by using a Out the isolates of bacteria that ae~ralatllon ability were selected isolates were further Cn~lIajtelnz~~a identified and made into a consortium combination of3 (three) 1lgttP11 LV biodegradation tests were conducted by combinations of a consortium 3 (three) replications Observed number of bacteria and np1prnlgt(TP of TPH (Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon) Five of the 29 bacterial v which have a high ability in rInrrarl
Bacillus aminovorans Pseudomonas alcaligenes (5304) (~1 ~~4) 8cuillys 8cl(illY~1i sphqeriqus vqr culture ofhydro carbo no clastic consortium which is capable highest percentage of 9186 ofAlcaligenes faecalis Pseudomonas Bacillus aminovorans
Key words blOae~rru1at1 hydrocarbonoc1astic bacteria llIau areas
INTRODUCTION terms of SOClOeCOinOlnlC
including their as a barrier to coastal windbreaker content in the air and pollutants in vuraquouou
2006) The mangrove South Sumatra and Bangka Belitung cover an area of
of which are in damaged condition 1 1 1 ha damaged and ha (1411) are not damaged 2006) quantitatively u from to year because of the land conversion for industrial residential and transportation forest area has decreased quantitatively for~its have also environmental degradation to example in the areas in South Sumatra especially the area and Upang areas are the areas of Watershed (DAS) of Musi
shipping Jm~s for oil fields Oil pollution in the
ofdrilling producing refming and ll the P9rt llg th~
mangrove ecosystem with the most severe
Seminal Palembang 212
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
waste oil in the waters can be carried out means of physical and
~ioltgilt~l P~y~c~ a1_~ chemical methlt~s (ire u~ual more eXj)efsive~ T1lt~ envir0l1111 entally friendly application can create new problems Therefore an alternative effort waste oil which relatively cost and does not cause any negative impact on aquatic
is The treatment is handling waste biologically method of biological treatment of waste oil is bioremediation LUU
which on degradation by means of degrading is an friendly way which is effective efficient and environmentally acceptable (Mangkoedibardjo 2005 and Syakti 2004)
Widj aj anti et al (2008) had found 29 hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria petroleum contaminated mangrove area All isolates can grow in oil contaminated environment and can used oil as carbon source but quantitatively their to degrade petroleum hydrocarbon still unknown as a so must potency in hydrocarbon
bacteria used in treating waste oil have higher if used as a or a mixed (Alpentri et al Mukred ei Oil-degrading
microbes not work as individual species but in form of consortium (Mangkoedihardjo 2005) According to Sanchez (2006) the consortium is a group microbes which are beneficial to one and carry out by which individual can not do According et al (2001) the of biodegradation of hydrocarbons to perfection cannot possibly be by only one type of microbe but it is always done by a set of
fate of is mote mixed ctirure compared with single cultures
study aims to 1) test ability of rlP[)TIrllta petroleum 2) IdentifY potential bacterial isolate petroleum
hydrocarbon 3) obtain a potential consortium hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria in biodegrading petroleum hydrocarbons
culture by filling the sourceofN
with a tJ~r Soeminarti liquid medium mixture was adjusted to pH 7 (Modification of Okoh amp Trejo 2006) treatment unit is on a shaker with a speed of 120 rpm at room temperature 7
(M11kred et aL 20()8) Of the 29 bacterial whose potential in degrading petroleum hydrocarbons are tested 5
isolates with the LIlt capability are five isolates highest ability will made into 1 0 of bacterial cultures with consortium-__-- -- -_ - _ - -
3 (three) conducted 3 (three)
Characterization and of hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria The characterization identification are on five hydrocarbonoclastic
l~rTr1~ with high ability Morphological characters of the bacteria being includes the growth plate Nutrient (NA) tilt NA medium and straight NA medium Cell morphology
iIiclldcent~ lirldCcentll cMiI1~ of Gram tfIld the ap~eIicentcent encloS1Pories (Pikoli e aI 2000) The characterization of physiological and biochemical properties
fat casein the glucose sucrose illdole ure~ Voges-Proskampler
the amp Sherman 1 isolates omaUleo
characterization (19942~ _ _ - -
PNYceedfngs 213
ISBN 978b 979b 98938-5b 7
Petroleum hydrocarbons biodegradation by 10 com binations of culture consortium Thi~ stage ma~i~J1 a curve of bacteria which is prepared by fol
Hadioetomos method (1990) is then followed making of curves consortium of and bacterial culture consortium standard curves
Experiments are prepared by using a of treatment of the 3 (three) of the 5 of bacteria with the
capability so are 10 (ten) treatments each ofwhich is (three) times The bioreactor biodegradation by is made by the same procedure in
bacterial but incubated for 14 days The observations measured are cell number the percentage of of petroleum hydrocarbons The C01Jntmg
of the nnmber of the is measured by a spectrophotometer (at wavelength 1 = l~ri into the equation of mixed culture (Hadioetomos
percentage of of hydrocarbons is Nugroho (2006) the weight loss of
the testing treatment showed of degradation occurred (ANOV A) at a of 005 is performed on data obtained the observations
there is a significan Well it will (l further New Multipl~ (DNMRT) Statistics Program-6
AND DISCUSSION
Petroleum bydrocarbon biodegradation by single culture bacteria The of the ability tests of the 29 bacterial in degrading petroleum hydrocarbons and
s~lection 5 (five) species (lOd molds with the capabilities are presented in Table 1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 iL 12 13 14
5016
4998 4978
23 24 25 26 27 28 29
3876
3525
Characteristerization and identification 5 (fIVe) species of h~fP1i~ Of of 5 species of with the highest
capability are used to create a mixed formula namely B25 (Bacillus aminovorans) (Pseudomonas alcaligenes) B20 (Alcaligenes jaecalis) (Bacillus cereus) (Bacillus
spbaricus var rotans) (Table 2) is in accordance and Colwell (1990) 200 bacteria that can degrade on the sea important areAchromobacter Acinetobacter Arthrobacer
Proceedings ofthe International Semfnar Palembang 20-22 214
combination
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
Petroleum hydrocarbons biodegradation by consortium culture bacteria
of a consortium of bacterial culture significantly bacteria and the percentage of oil degradation The bacterial population
10 (ten) a combination of bacterial culture consortium is pn~sentea
positive spore prodme spore produGe spore
Motifity Motile Non motile Motile Motile Non motile
Positive Positive Positive Negative Negative Negative Negative
Positive Positive Positive Negative Positive Pnsitive Negative
-Glucose Fermentation Negative Positive Negative Positive -Sucrose Fermentation Negative Negative Positive -Lactose Fennentation Negative Negative Negative
Negative Negative Negative -lntloll Production Negative Negative Negative -Urease Produktion Negative Negative Negative -Catalase Production Positive Positive Positive Positive Negative -Metyl red test Positive Negative Negative Negative
Proskauer test Negative Positive Negative -TSl test Negative Positive Positive
test Positive Positive Positive Negative -Nitrat reduction Positive Positive Positive
c-ereus aminavorans sPhaericus
of bacteria influences the number ofbacteria due awgeOly due to a synergistic interaction
bullt+1shy T1 are grown together in a single QmallUltIveJy different from the
Qelnmern m~dium
var rotans~ This is due to a - -~ - vrlPTTl
(1998) cell growth is at Pseudomonas causes an aS5oCIatlOn
Il~ility ~C ~lllt cC~~iIlllt~on of tlllt cannot be done alone The hydrocarbon source can be derived from a fraction of the breakdown of the breakdown of hydrocarbons by the other bacteria
Proceedings ofthe International Seminar Pal embang 2011 215
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
bacteria requires a specific substrate Some bacteria interact beneficially with each other in the form of consortium
The percentage of biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons is greater by using consortia of bacterial culture compared to usmg a single cuiture This is because the bacteria used in degrading waste oil typically have higher ability if used as a consortium culture Consortium cultures have a more complete profile of enzymes than a single culture According to Mukred et al (2008) hydrocarbon compounds which are iighter and simpler can be degraded earlier at an early stage by a
Table 3 The average bacterial population and the percentage of petroleum degradation of to combinations of consortium cultures
No Consortium cultures Bacterial population (cfumL) Petroleum degradation () 1 B24 + B25 + B29 19107 a 9113 cd
72 Bzl + Bz4 + Bz9 2910 b 8995 abed 3 B20 + B21 + B24 37107 e 9004 abed 4 B20 + B25 + B29 39107 c 8962 abc 5 B21 + B24 + Bzj 51107 d 9059 bed 6 B20 + B24 + B25 52107 de 9152 d 7 B20+B21+B29 57107 de 8881 a 8 B20+B24+B29 62107 de 8979 abc 9 B21+ B25 +B29 66107 ef 8952 ab 10 B20 + B2l + B25 81107 f 9186 d
Notes the numbers followed by the same small letters on the same column show no signIficance difference according DNMRT (a = 5) B20 Alcaligenes jaecalis B2l Pseudomonas alcaligenes 824 Bacillus cereus 825 Bacillus aminovorans B29 Bacillus sphaericus var rotans
bacterial culture then the compounds which have not been degraded in the early stages are degraded by the second culture and so on According Kanaly amp Harayama (1995) and Nugroho (2006) the composition of complex compounds such as petroleum hydrocarbons cause a single species of bacteria to be unable to degrade all the components of petroleum because each species of bacteria require a specific substrate Some bacteria which interact mutually beneficially with one another in the forin of a consortium have a highly beneficial role during the degradation process of petroleum hydrocarbons
The combination treatment of consortium culture which produces high percentage of degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons is a combination of AlcaTigenes jaecalis Pseudomonas alcaligenes and Bacillus aminovorans Alcaligenes faecalis Bacillus cereus and Bacillus aminovorans l Pseudomonas alcaligenes Bacillus cereuss and Bacillus aminovorans Pseudomonas alcaligenes Bacillus cereus and Bacillus aminovorans Alcaligenes jaecalis Pseudomonas alcaligenes ana Bacillus cereUS SeqUentiallY the aVerage percentages of degradation of perroletiili hydrocarbons are as follows 9186915291139059 and 9004 (Table 3) It is allegedly due to the fact that the genus Bacillus Pseudomonas and Alcaligenes are able to degrade petroleum hydrocarbons from low molecular weight to high molecular weight resulting in a high percentage of degradation According to Alexander (1977) genus Bacillus and Pseudomonas are capable of degrading petroleum hydrocarbons with low molecular weight such as ethane propane and butane and the petroleum hydrocarbons with high molecular weight such as aromatic hydrocarbons phenol naphthalene and antrasena According to Atlas amp Bartha (1998) the genus of Pseudomonas can grow and degrade petroleum hydrocarbons chain CW C36 According to Desai amp Vyas (2006) the genus Bacillus Pseudomonas and Alcaligenes are able to degrade saturated hydrocarbons monoaromatic hydrocarbons and polyaromatic hydrocarbons According to Zhu et al (2004) the genus Pseudomonas and Alcaligenes are bacterial consortium cultures which are able to degrade the components of petroleum hydrocarbons alkanes with carbon chain C20-C25 Presumably because of the differences in the ability of each genus in degrading petroleum hydrocarbons so that the hydrocarbon components of the low the medium and the high molecular weight can be degraded According to
hnceedings othe Internatioiwi Serrrindr Palembang 2()22 October 2011 216
Santoso DSB2006Hasil inventarisasi dan identifIkasi mangrove Prnnini
Kepulauan Belitung Buku I (buku PT Multima Krida P MMuiyono D dan ESantoso 2002 sulfonat
dalam bioremediasi limbah bumL 11(011
EKardena Ratnaningsih and Wisjnuprapto 2006 Improving the efectiveness of crude-oil hrlrultgtrlrAn hrlraquo1ltgtt1gtru employing Azotobacter Chroococcum co-inocuJant Faculty of Padjadjaran University 1-16 AD200S Multi-proses remediasi dalam penanganan (Oil di perairan laut dan
pesisir Seminar Bioremediasi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Mulawarman 16 MRRldho2008 RehabilitaSi Hutan Mangrove Studi Modeling Bioremediasi
Mengj~unakm Agen untuk Bahan di Hutan Mangrove Wilayah Propinsi Sumatera Selatan
Zhu X ADVenosa amp MT Suidan 2004 Literature review on the use of commercial bioremediation for clean up ofoil-contaminated estuarine environments EPAJ6001R-04075
October 218
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
57 Protective Equipment With 432 Disorders Wood Furniture Workers In Kecamatan lndralaya and
Kecamatan Indralaya Utara 2011 (Herliawati Christine Sihaloho Nursing Sience Study
Medicine Sriwijaya University Indonesia)
58 Value ofChildren as Determinants Nutrition on The Environment 438 Vulnerable Sociocultural Nutrition (Village Pecuk District Mijen Demak Central Java) (Oktia Woro Kasmini Department ofPublic Health ScienCes FlK UNNES
59 ofRhodamine B Coolde ofTraditional Food (Study at Pasar 445 Tanjung of Jeurombeuror Reurogeuroncy) (Khoiron Astri Rizky Vitantina Rabayu Sri Pujiati Departemenl Environmental and Occupational Health amp Sqfety Faculty ofPublic Health University ofJember)
60 In 453 Badung District ofBaH Province (putu Widarini School ofPublic Health Udayana University)
61 Diet nutrition and the prevention of cervical cancer 459 (Ciptaningtyas R State Islamic Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta)
62 The Correlation Between Macro Nutrient Consumption and Physical Activities With 472 Overweight Among Children In School
at Jember Yusi Ratuawati Sulistiyani Dwinda Prianton Public Health Faculty
Jember University)
63 Correlation of family participant with nutrition status ofchildren under five years 477 old in village work area III north ueIlpasar (Ni Ketut Sutiari Lub Sudiasih I Agung Ayu Mabayuningsih School ofPublic Health Faculty ofMedicine Udayana University)
64 Does Birthweight Related With Chronic Diseases In Adult Life 488 (Suci Destriatania Faculty ofPublic Health University ofSriwijaya Indonesia)
65 Breastfueding Mother On Teens At Work Area Center 492 Year 2011
(Bina Melvia ofMedicine Nursing Science Study Programmiddot UNSRl)
66 The Effect ofMatemal Nutrition Anemia towards Low Birth 502 (Rini Mutahar Mis naniarti Fatmalina Srfwijaya University InlOnSlll
67 Relationship with Diarrhea In 508H1v1UvH
School Children (Fatmalina Indah Purnama Sari Public Sriwijaya University Indonesia)
Proceedings ofthe International Seminar October 2011
978-979-98938-5-7
68 Between and Lifestyle with prevalence In 513 medicine Moehammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang the Year 2011 (Nikson Sitorus Desti Widiastuti Health Polytechnic ofPalembang
69 Incident in Banyuasin Multilevel 519 Modelling Approach (Rismala Kesuma Kamaluddin Ngudiantoro Ibrahim Tjek Suryadi Departement ofPublic Health STIKES Darul Ma arifAl Baturaja
70 Factors Pap SmearIva Test among Women at 2 35 Years in 524 Denpasar Who Diagnosed Cancer At Hospital 2011 (Ni Luh Putu Suariyani Regina Chrysautie School ofPublic Health
ofMedicine Udayana University)
The Difference of Urinary Iodine (UEI) Increase between 531 With and Without Ascariasis Administration of
(Galuh Nita Prameswari Public Health Departement Sport Science Faculty Semarang University)
72 Analysis ofDeterminants ofTuberculosis In The Workers at PT Perkebunan 541 Nusantara XII (persero) (Anita Dewi Prahastuti Sujoso Ria Nuri Estu Karisma Irma Prasetyowati
ofEnvironmental and Occupational Safety of ofJember)
73 Risk Factors at dr Hospital of lember District- East 549 (NimaJ Baroya Pudjo Wahjudi Annisa Reykaningrum Public Faculty
University
74 Hip Structure Associated with 560 Osteoporosis Study (GOS) Data (Margaret Henry L J Department QfClinical and Biomedical Sciences The University QfMelboume Australia ofPublic Health Sriwijaya University Kampus Unsri Indralaya flir Sumaera Indonesia 3 School ofPopulation Health
University ofMelbourne Australia)
75 The Mellitus Risk Factors in Bangka (Titi Sari Renowati Amar Muntaba Dianita Environmental Health Laboratory and Disease Control Palembang Indonesia)
Vera 569
76 of Knowledge and about 580 With Attitudes From Indonesian People To People Living With Aids (PLHA)
Of SDKI 2007) Indonesia 2010 (Yeni Najmah IDni Mutahar ofPublic Health Sriwijaya University Indonesia)
77 of Epidemiologic of Filariasis in Sub-District of Tangkuno of Southeastern Sulawesi in 2009 (Ramadhan Devi Savitri Effendy Public Health Department of
Proceedings International Seminar Palembang 2011 xiii
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
Mathematics and Natural Sciences ofHaluoleo University Kendari) 78 Injecting Drug Users Not Needle 599
And Syringe Program InPalernbangSouth Sumatera (Najrnah Faculty Health University Indonesia)
79 The Use of Salivary A-Amylase And Symptoms Questionnaires as 605 lU-Vl For Distress Breast Cancer (Yong Zubaidah JO Saidi M Zalilab MS Yong HY and Zailina H Universiti Putra MalaySia Malaysia)
80 Self-Concept in Behavior of Chickens (Ayam Kampus) In 619
(Eti Rimawati Health Faculty Universitas Dian Nuswantoro)
81 Relation Intercourse among University 626 Students In Bandar Lampung (Roro Rukmi Windi Perdani Faculty ofMedicine University Lampung )
82 of Posyandu Information System of 635 Maternal and Child (Case at Manisrejo Urban Village Taman District in Madiun City Java Province) (Abu Health ofJember)
83 Health Reform as a Result of Decentralization Policy in Bali 641 Ayu Indrayatbi Pande Putu School Health Medicine
Faculti ofUdayana University)
84 The Relationship between Mix and University Interest in 647 Public Health Science Program Medicine Andalas
University 2011 (IsniatiSyahriaJVonicha Regia ofMedicine Andalas University)
85 Healthy Behavior-Based Development Model to a Free Larvae by irntnnnt Health In The Eastern District
(Nizwardi Azkha Rizanda Machmud ofMedicine Universitas Andalas pu7nYIo Indonesia)
86 Care Seeking Behaviour of Community and Tb 670 Nonformal (Nurul IslamyJ Haris
87 on Sexual Behavior in Adolescent at Seberan~ U1u Area 677
(Iche Andriyani Liberty Nur Alarn Fajar Elvi Sunarsih Faculty of Public Sriwijaya University Indonesia)
ofthe International Seminar 2011
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
88 Review Implementation Of The 564MENKESSKNlJ1I2006) (Iwan Stia Budi Faculty ofPublic
Desa (Kepmenkes No 684
89 The Study of Desa Siaga In (Misnaniarti Asmaripa Ainy Nur Alam Sriwijaya Indonesia)
Ilir District Faculty Health
690
90 Behavior Toward Methadone Maintenance Therapy 2010
697
(Tri Novia Kumalasari Faculty ofPublic Health Sriwijaya University Indonesia)
91 Who Have Tantrums Toddler Cbodijab Abdul Qudus Eka Fitri School
Faculty ofMedicine Sriwijaya Indonesia)
705
92 Factors that Influence the Behavior of Male Adolescence Smokers at Junior School Jakarta (Cicilia Nony Budi Sulistyowan Wuryastun School ofHealth Science Sin Carolus)
714
93 Stratification ofPublic For at Urban and Rural Areas in Indonesia (Ari hnany Rusilanti and Sachriani Home 111pound7gtfn State University Indonesia)
718
723
Name and of Presenter International 726
Proceedings ofthe International Seminar Palembang 20-22 October xv
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
BIODEGRADATION OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON BY SINGLE AND CONSORTIUM OF HYDROCARBONOCLASTIC BACTERIA FROM PETROELUM
POLLUTED
Hary Widjajanti1 Iswandi Anas2
Nuni Gofar MohRasyid Ridho3
1Student of Doctoral Program at the of the Graduate Program of Sriwijaya University haryunsriyahoocom 2 Bogor Agricultural Institute 3Sriwijaya University
The study on the biodegradation of hydrocarbons by a single culture and a of hydrocarbonoclastic 1lgtItP11 from mangrove areas contaminated -Vl
done The study to test bacteria isolate in aeJraOlTlg hydrocarbons to cnalfacten potential bacterial isolate uwq
petroleum hydrocarbon to hydrocarbonoclastic in biodegrading petroleum biodegradation test was
conducted by using a Out the isolates of bacteria that ae~ralatllon ability were selected isolates were further Cn~lIajtelnz~~a identified and made into a consortium combination of3 (three) 1lgttP11 LV biodegradation tests were conducted by combinations of a consortium 3 (three) replications Observed number of bacteria and np1prnlgt(TP of TPH (Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon) Five of the 29 bacterial v which have a high ability in rInrrarl
Bacillus aminovorans Pseudomonas alcaligenes (5304) (~1 ~~4) 8cuillys 8cl(illY~1i sphqeriqus vqr culture ofhydro carbo no clastic consortium which is capable highest percentage of 9186 ofAlcaligenes faecalis Pseudomonas Bacillus aminovorans
Key words blOae~rru1at1 hydrocarbonoc1astic bacteria llIau areas
INTRODUCTION terms of SOClOeCOinOlnlC
including their as a barrier to coastal windbreaker content in the air and pollutants in vuraquouou
2006) The mangrove South Sumatra and Bangka Belitung cover an area of
of which are in damaged condition 1 1 1 ha damaged and ha (1411) are not damaged 2006) quantitatively u from to year because of the land conversion for industrial residential and transportation forest area has decreased quantitatively for~its have also environmental degradation to example in the areas in South Sumatra especially the area and Upang areas are the areas of Watershed (DAS) of Musi
shipping Jm~s for oil fields Oil pollution in the
ofdrilling producing refming and ll the P9rt llg th~
mangrove ecosystem with the most severe
Seminal Palembang 212
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
waste oil in the waters can be carried out means of physical and
~ioltgilt~l P~y~c~ a1_~ chemical methlt~s (ire u~ual more eXj)efsive~ T1lt~ envir0l1111 entally friendly application can create new problems Therefore an alternative effort waste oil which relatively cost and does not cause any negative impact on aquatic
is The treatment is handling waste biologically method of biological treatment of waste oil is bioremediation LUU
which on degradation by means of degrading is an friendly way which is effective efficient and environmentally acceptable (Mangkoedibardjo 2005 and Syakti 2004)
Widj aj anti et al (2008) had found 29 hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria petroleum contaminated mangrove area All isolates can grow in oil contaminated environment and can used oil as carbon source but quantitatively their to degrade petroleum hydrocarbon still unknown as a so must potency in hydrocarbon
bacteria used in treating waste oil have higher if used as a or a mixed (Alpentri et al Mukred ei Oil-degrading
microbes not work as individual species but in form of consortium (Mangkoedihardjo 2005) According to Sanchez (2006) the consortium is a group microbes which are beneficial to one and carry out by which individual can not do According et al (2001) the of biodegradation of hydrocarbons to perfection cannot possibly be by only one type of microbe but it is always done by a set of
fate of is mote mixed ctirure compared with single cultures
study aims to 1) test ability of rlP[)TIrllta petroleum 2) IdentifY potential bacterial isolate petroleum
hydrocarbon 3) obtain a potential consortium hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria in biodegrading petroleum hydrocarbons
culture by filling the sourceofN
with a tJ~r Soeminarti liquid medium mixture was adjusted to pH 7 (Modification of Okoh amp Trejo 2006) treatment unit is on a shaker with a speed of 120 rpm at room temperature 7
(M11kred et aL 20()8) Of the 29 bacterial whose potential in degrading petroleum hydrocarbons are tested 5
isolates with the LIlt capability are five isolates highest ability will made into 1 0 of bacterial cultures with consortium-__-- -- -_ - _ - -
3 (three) conducted 3 (three)
Characterization and of hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria The characterization identification are on five hydrocarbonoclastic
l~rTr1~ with high ability Morphological characters of the bacteria being includes the growth plate Nutrient (NA) tilt NA medium and straight NA medium Cell morphology
iIiclldcent~ lirldCcentll cMiI1~ of Gram tfIld the ap~eIicentcent encloS1Pories (Pikoli e aI 2000) The characterization of physiological and biochemical properties
fat casein the glucose sucrose illdole ure~ Voges-Proskampler
the amp Sherman 1 isolates omaUleo
characterization (19942~ _ _ - -
PNYceedfngs 213
ISBN 978b 979b 98938-5b 7
Petroleum hydrocarbons biodegradation by 10 com binations of culture consortium Thi~ stage ma~i~J1 a curve of bacteria which is prepared by fol
Hadioetomos method (1990) is then followed making of curves consortium of and bacterial culture consortium standard curves
Experiments are prepared by using a of treatment of the 3 (three) of the 5 of bacteria with the
capability so are 10 (ten) treatments each ofwhich is (three) times The bioreactor biodegradation by is made by the same procedure in
bacterial but incubated for 14 days The observations measured are cell number the percentage of of petroleum hydrocarbons The C01Jntmg
of the nnmber of the is measured by a spectrophotometer (at wavelength 1 = l~ri into the equation of mixed culture (Hadioetomos
percentage of of hydrocarbons is Nugroho (2006) the weight loss of
the testing treatment showed of degradation occurred (ANOV A) at a of 005 is performed on data obtained the observations
there is a significan Well it will (l further New Multipl~ (DNMRT) Statistics Program-6
AND DISCUSSION
Petroleum bydrocarbon biodegradation by single culture bacteria The of the ability tests of the 29 bacterial in degrading petroleum hydrocarbons and
s~lection 5 (five) species (lOd molds with the capabilities are presented in Table 1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 iL 12 13 14
5016
4998 4978
23 24 25 26 27 28 29
3876
3525
Characteristerization and identification 5 (fIVe) species of h~fP1i~ Of of 5 species of with the highest
capability are used to create a mixed formula namely B25 (Bacillus aminovorans) (Pseudomonas alcaligenes) B20 (Alcaligenes jaecalis) (Bacillus cereus) (Bacillus
spbaricus var rotans) (Table 2) is in accordance and Colwell (1990) 200 bacteria that can degrade on the sea important areAchromobacter Acinetobacter Arthrobacer
Proceedings ofthe International Semfnar Palembang 20-22 214
combination
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
Petroleum hydrocarbons biodegradation by consortium culture bacteria
of a consortium of bacterial culture significantly bacteria and the percentage of oil degradation The bacterial population
10 (ten) a combination of bacterial culture consortium is pn~sentea
positive spore prodme spore produGe spore
Motifity Motile Non motile Motile Motile Non motile
Positive Positive Positive Negative Negative Negative Negative
Positive Positive Positive Negative Positive Pnsitive Negative
-Glucose Fermentation Negative Positive Negative Positive -Sucrose Fermentation Negative Negative Positive -Lactose Fennentation Negative Negative Negative
Negative Negative Negative -lntloll Production Negative Negative Negative -Urease Produktion Negative Negative Negative -Catalase Production Positive Positive Positive Positive Negative -Metyl red test Positive Negative Negative Negative
Proskauer test Negative Positive Negative -TSl test Negative Positive Positive
test Positive Positive Positive Negative -Nitrat reduction Positive Positive Positive
c-ereus aminavorans sPhaericus
of bacteria influences the number ofbacteria due awgeOly due to a synergistic interaction
bullt+1shy T1 are grown together in a single QmallUltIveJy different from the
Qelnmern m~dium
var rotans~ This is due to a - -~ - vrlPTTl
(1998) cell growth is at Pseudomonas causes an aS5oCIatlOn
Il~ility ~C ~lllt cC~~iIlllt~on of tlllt cannot be done alone The hydrocarbon source can be derived from a fraction of the breakdown of the breakdown of hydrocarbons by the other bacteria
Proceedings ofthe International Seminar Pal embang 2011 215
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
bacteria requires a specific substrate Some bacteria interact beneficially with each other in the form of consortium
The percentage of biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons is greater by using consortia of bacterial culture compared to usmg a single cuiture This is because the bacteria used in degrading waste oil typically have higher ability if used as a consortium culture Consortium cultures have a more complete profile of enzymes than a single culture According to Mukred et al (2008) hydrocarbon compounds which are iighter and simpler can be degraded earlier at an early stage by a
Table 3 The average bacterial population and the percentage of petroleum degradation of to combinations of consortium cultures
No Consortium cultures Bacterial population (cfumL) Petroleum degradation () 1 B24 + B25 + B29 19107 a 9113 cd
72 Bzl + Bz4 + Bz9 2910 b 8995 abed 3 B20 + B21 + B24 37107 e 9004 abed 4 B20 + B25 + B29 39107 c 8962 abc 5 B21 + B24 + Bzj 51107 d 9059 bed 6 B20 + B24 + B25 52107 de 9152 d 7 B20+B21+B29 57107 de 8881 a 8 B20+B24+B29 62107 de 8979 abc 9 B21+ B25 +B29 66107 ef 8952 ab 10 B20 + B2l + B25 81107 f 9186 d
Notes the numbers followed by the same small letters on the same column show no signIficance difference according DNMRT (a = 5) B20 Alcaligenes jaecalis B2l Pseudomonas alcaligenes 824 Bacillus cereus 825 Bacillus aminovorans B29 Bacillus sphaericus var rotans
bacterial culture then the compounds which have not been degraded in the early stages are degraded by the second culture and so on According Kanaly amp Harayama (1995) and Nugroho (2006) the composition of complex compounds such as petroleum hydrocarbons cause a single species of bacteria to be unable to degrade all the components of petroleum because each species of bacteria require a specific substrate Some bacteria which interact mutually beneficially with one another in the forin of a consortium have a highly beneficial role during the degradation process of petroleum hydrocarbons
The combination treatment of consortium culture which produces high percentage of degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons is a combination of AlcaTigenes jaecalis Pseudomonas alcaligenes and Bacillus aminovorans Alcaligenes faecalis Bacillus cereus and Bacillus aminovorans l Pseudomonas alcaligenes Bacillus cereuss and Bacillus aminovorans Pseudomonas alcaligenes Bacillus cereus and Bacillus aminovorans Alcaligenes jaecalis Pseudomonas alcaligenes ana Bacillus cereUS SeqUentiallY the aVerage percentages of degradation of perroletiili hydrocarbons are as follows 9186915291139059 and 9004 (Table 3) It is allegedly due to the fact that the genus Bacillus Pseudomonas and Alcaligenes are able to degrade petroleum hydrocarbons from low molecular weight to high molecular weight resulting in a high percentage of degradation According to Alexander (1977) genus Bacillus and Pseudomonas are capable of degrading petroleum hydrocarbons with low molecular weight such as ethane propane and butane and the petroleum hydrocarbons with high molecular weight such as aromatic hydrocarbons phenol naphthalene and antrasena According to Atlas amp Bartha (1998) the genus of Pseudomonas can grow and degrade petroleum hydrocarbons chain CW C36 According to Desai amp Vyas (2006) the genus Bacillus Pseudomonas and Alcaligenes are able to degrade saturated hydrocarbons monoaromatic hydrocarbons and polyaromatic hydrocarbons According to Zhu et al (2004) the genus Pseudomonas and Alcaligenes are bacterial consortium cultures which are able to degrade the components of petroleum hydrocarbons alkanes with carbon chain C20-C25 Presumably because of the differences in the ability of each genus in degrading petroleum hydrocarbons so that the hydrocarbon components of the low the medium and the high molecular weight can be degraded According to
hnceedings othe Internatioiwi Serrrindr Palembang 2()22 October 2011 216
Santoso DSB2006Hasil inventarisasi dan identifIkasi mangrove Prnnini
Kepulauan Belitung Buku I (buku PT Multima Krida P MMuiyono D dan ESantoso 2002 sulfonat
dalam bioremediasi limbah bumL 11(011
EKardena Ratnaningsih and Wisjnuprapto 2006 Improving the efectiveness of crude-oil hrlrultgtrlrAn hrlraquo1ltgtt1gtru employing Azotobacter Chroococcum co-inocuJant Faculty of Padjadjaran University 1-16 AD200S Multi-proses remediasi dalam penanganan (Oil di perairan laut dan
pesisir Seminar Bioremediasi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Mulawarman 16 MRRldho2008 RehabilitaSi Hutan Mangrove Studi Modeling Bioremediasi
Mengj~unakm Agen untuk Bahan di Hutan Mangrove Wilayah Propinsi Sumatera Selatan
Zhu X ADVenosa amp MT Suidan 2004 Literature review on the use of commercial bioremediation for clean up ofoil-contaminated estuarine environments EPAJ6001R-04075
October 218
978-979-98938-5-7
68 Between and Lifestyle with prevalence In 513 medicine Moehammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang the Year 2011 (Nikson Sitorus Desti Widiastuti Health Polytechnic ofPalembang
69 Incident in Banyuasin Multilevel 519 Modelling Approach (Rismala Kesuma Kamaluddin Ngudiantoro Ibrahim Tjek Suryadi Departement ofPublic Health STIKES Darul Ma arifAl Baturaja
70 Factors Pap SmearIva Test among Women at 2 35 Years in 524 Denpasar Who Diagnosed Cancer At Hospital 2011 (Ni Luh Putu Suariyani Regina Chrysautie School ofPublic Health
ofMedicine Udayana University)
The Difference of Urinary Iodine (UEI) Increase between 531 With and Without Ascariasis Administration of
(Galuh Nita Prameswari Public Health Departement Sport Science Faculty Semarang University)
72 Analysis ofDeterminants ofTuberculosis In The Workers at PT Perkebunan 541 Nusantara XII (persero) (Anita Dewi Prahastuti Sujoso Ria Nuri Estu Karisma Irma Prasetyowati
ofEnvironmental and Occupational Safety of ofJember)
73 Risk Factors at dr Hospital of lember District- East 549 (NimaJ Baroya Pudjo Wahjudi Annisa Reykaningrum Public Faculty
University
74 Hip Structure Associated with 560 Osteoporosis Study (GOS) Data (Margaret Henry L J Department QfClinical and Biomedical Sciences The University QfMelboume Australia ofPublic Health Sriwijaya University Kampus Unsri Indralaya flir Sumaera Indonesia 3 School ofPopulation Health
University ofMelbourne Australia)
75 The Mellitus Risk Factors in Bangka (Titi Sari Renowati Amar Muntaba Dianita Environmental Health Laboratory and Disease Control Palembang Indonesia)
Vera 569
76 of Knowledge and about 580 With Attitudes From Indonesian People To People Living With Aids (PLHA)
Of SDKI 2007) Indonesia 2010 (Yeni Najmah IDni Mutahar ofPublic Health Sriwijaya University Indonesia)
77 of Epidemiologic of Filariasis in Sub-District of Tangkuno of Southeastern Sulawesi in 2009 (Ramadhan Devi Savitri Effendy Public Health Department of
Proceedings International Seminar Palembang 2011 xiii
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
Mathematics and Natural Sciences ofHaluoleo University Kendari) 78 Injecting Drug Users Not Needle 599
And Syringe Program InPalernbangSouth Sumatera (Najrnah Faculty Health University Indonesia)
79 The Use of Salivary A-Amylase And Symptoms Questionnaires as 605 lU-Vl For Distress Breast Cancer (Yong Zubaidah JO Saidi M Zalilab MS Yong HY and Zailina H Universiti Putra MalaySia Malaysia)
80 Self-Concept in Behavior of Chickens (Ayam Kampus) In 619
(Eti Rimawati Health Faculty Universitas Dian Nuswantoro)
81 Relation Intercourse among University 626 Students In Bandar Lampung (Roro Rukmi Windi Perdani Faculty ofMedicine University Lampung )
82 of Posyandu Information System of 635 Maternal and Child (Case at Manisrejo Urban Village Taman District in Madiun City Java Province) (Abu Health ofJember)
83 Health Reform as a Result of Decentralization Policy in Bali 641 Ayu Indrayatbi Pande Putu School Health Medicine
Faculti ofUdayana University)
84 The Relationship between Mix and University Interest in 647 Public Health Science Program Medicine Andalas
University 2011 (IsniatiSyahriaJVonicha Regia ofMedicine Andalas University)
85 Healthy Behavior-Based Development Model to a Free Larvae by irntnnnt Health In The Eastern District
(Nizwardi Azkha Rizanda Machmud ofMedicine Universitas Andalas pu7nYIo Indonesia)
86 Care Seeking Behaviour of Community and Tb 670 Nonformal (Nurul IslamyJ Haris
87 on Sexual Behavior in Adolescent at Seberan~ U1u Area 677
(Iche Andriyani Liberty Nur Alarn Fajar Elvi Sunarsih Faculty of Public Sriwijaya University Indonesia)
ofthe International Seminar 2011
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
88 Review Implementation Of The 564MENKESSKNlJ1I2006) (Iwan Stia Budi Faculty ofPublic
Desa (Kepmenkes No 684
89 The Study of Desa Siaga In (Misnaniarti Asmaripa Ainy Nur Alam Sriwijaya Indonesia)
Ilir District Faculty Health
690
90 Behavior Toward Methadone Maintenance Therapy 2010
697
(Tri Novia Kumalasari Faculty ofPublic Health Sriwijaya University Indonesia)
91 Who Have Tantrums Toddler Cbodijab Abdul Qudus Eka Fitri School
Faculty ofMedicine Sriwijaya Indonesia)
705
92 Factors that Influence the Behavior of Male Adolescence Smokers at Junior School Jakarta (Cicilia Nony Budi Sulistyowan Wuryastun School ofHealth Science Sin Carolus)
714
93 Stratification ofPublic For at Urban and Rural Areas in Indonesia (Ari hnany Rusilanti and Sachriani Home 111pound7gtfn State University Indonesia)
718
723
Name and of Presenter International 726
Proceedings ofthe International Seminar Palembang 20-22 October xv
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
BIODEGRADATION OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON BY SINGLE AND CONSORTIUM OF HYDROCARBONOCLASTIC BACTERIA FROM PETROELUM
POLLUTED
Hary Widjajanti1 Iswandi Anas2
Nuni Gofar MohRasyid Ridho3
1Student of Doctoral Program at the of the Graduate Program of Sriwijaya University haryunsriyahoocom 2 Bogor Agricultural Institute 3Sriwijaya University
The study on the biodegradation of hydrocarbons by a single culture and a of hydrocarbonoclastic 1lgtItP11 from mangrove areas contaminated -Vl
done The study to test bacteria isolate in aeJraOlTlg hydrocarbons to cnalfacten potential bacterial isolate uwq
petroleum hydrocarbon to hydrocarbonoclastic in biodegrading petroleum biodegradation test was
conducted by using a Out the isolates of bacteria that ae~ralatllon ability were selected isolates were further Cn~lIajtelnz~~a identified and made into a consortium combination of3 (three) 1lgttP11 LV biodegradation tests were conducted by combinations of a consortium 3 (three) replications Observed number of bacteria and np1prnlgt(TP of TPH (Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon) Five of the 29 bacterial v which have a high ability in rInrrarl
Bacillus aminovorans Pseudomonas alcaligenes (5304) (~1 ~~4) 8cuillys 8cl(illY~1i sphqeriqus vqr culture ofhydro carbo no clastic consortium which is capable highest percentage of 9186 ofAlcaligenes faecalis Pseudomonas Bacillus aminovorans
Key words blOae~rru1at1 hydrocarbonoc1astic bacteria llIau areas
INTRODUCTION terms of SOClOeCOinOlnlC
including their as a barrier to coastal windbreaker content in the air and pollutants in vuraquouou
2006) The mangrove South Sumatra and Bangka Belitung cover an area of
of which are in damaged condition 1 1 1 ha damaged and ha (1411) are not damaged 2006) quantitatively u from to year because of the land conversion for industrial residential and transportation forest area has decreased quantitatively for~its have also environmental degradation to example in the areas in South Sumatra especially the area and Upang areas are the areas of Watershed (DAS) of Musi
shipping Jm~s for oil fields Oil pollution in the
ofdrilling producing refming and ll the P9rt llg th~
mangrove ecosystem with the most severe
Seminal Palembang 212
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
waste oil in the waters can be carried out means of physical and
~ioltgilt~l P~y~c~ a1_~ chemical methlt~s (ire u~ual more eXj)efsive~ T1lt~ envir0l1111 entally friendly application can create new problems Therefore an alternative effort waste oil which relatively cost and does not cause any negative impact on aquatic
is The treatment is handling waste biologically method of biological treatment of waste oil is bioremediation LUU
which on degradation by means of degrading is an friendly way which is effective efficient and environmentally acceptable (Mangkoedibardjo 2005 and Syakti 2004)
Widj aj anti et al (2008) had found 29 hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria petroleum contaminated mangrove area All isolates can grow in oil contaminated environment and can used oil as carbon source but quantitatively their to degrade petroleum hydrocarbon still unknown as a so must potency in hydrocarbon
bacteria used in treating waste oil have higher if used as a or a mixed (Alpentri et al Mukred ei Oil-degrading
microbes not work as individual species but in form of consortium (Mangkoedihardjo 2005) According to Sanchez (2006) the consortium is a group microbes which are beneficial to one and carry out by which individual can not do According et al (2001) the of biodegradation of hydrocarbons to perfection cannot possibly be by only one type of microbe but it is always done by a set of
fate of is mote mixed ctirure compared with single cultures
study aims to 1) test ability of rlP[)TIrllta petroleum 2) IdentifY potential bacterial isolate petroleum
hydrocarbon 3) obtain a potential consortium hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria in biodegrading petroleum hydrocarbons
culture by filling the sourceofN
with a tJ~r Soeminarti liquid medium mixture was adjusted to pH 7 (Modification of Okoh amp Trejo 2006) treatment unit is on a shaker with a speed of 120 rpm at room temperature 7
(M11kred et aL 20()8) Of the 29 bacterial whose potential in degrading petroleum hydrocarbons are tested 5
isolates with the LIlt capability are five isolates highest ability will made into 1 0 of bacterial cultures with consortium-__-- -- -_ - _ - -
3 (three) conducted 3 (three)
Characterization and of hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria The characterization identification are on five hydrocarbonoclastic
l~rTr1~ with high ability Morphological characters of the bacteria being includes the growth plate Nutrient (NA) tilt NA medium and straight NA medium Cell morphology
iIiclldcent~ lirldCcentll cMiI1~ of Gram tfIld the ap~eIicentcent encloS1Pories (Pikoli e aI 2000) The characterization of physiological and biochemical properties
fat casein the glucose sucrose illdole ure~ Voges-Proskampler
the amp Sherman 1 isolates omaUleo
characterization (19942~ _ _ - -
PNYceedfngs 213
ISBN 978b 979b 98938-5b 7
Petroleum hydrocarbons biodegradation by 10 com binations of culture consortium Thi~ stage ma~i~J1 a curve of bacteria which is prepared by fol
Hadioetomos method (1990) is then followed making of curves consortium of and bacterial culture consortium standard curves
Experiments are prepared by using a of treatment of the 3 (three) of the 5 of bacteria with the
capability so are 10 (ten) treatments each ofwhich is (three) times The bioreactor biodegradation by is made by the same procedure in
bacterial but incubated for 14 days The observations measured are cell number the percentage of of petroleum hydrocarbons The C01Jntmg
of the nnmber of the is measured by a spectrophotometer (at wavelength 1 = l~ri into the equation of mixed culture (Hadioetomos
percentage of of hydrocarbons is Nugroho (2006) the weight loss of
the testing treatment showed of degradation occurred (ANOV A) at a of 005 is performed on data obtained the observations
there is a significan Well it will (l further New Multipl~ (DNMRT) Statistics Program-6
AND DISCUSSION
Petroleum bydrocarbon biodegradation by single culture bacteria The of the ability tests of the 29 bacterial in degrading petroleum hydrocarbons and
s~lection 5 (five) species (lOd molds with the capabilities are presented in Table 1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 iL 12 13 14
5016
4998 4978
23 24 25 26 27 28 29
3876
3525
Characteristerization and identification 5 (fIVe) species of h~fP1i~ Of of 5 species of with the highest
capability are used to create a mixed formula namely B25 (Bacillus aminovorans) (Pseudomonas alcaligenes) B20 (Alcaligenes jaecalis) (Bacillus cereus) (Bacillus
spbaricus var rotans) (Table 2) is in accordance and Colwell (1990) 200 bacteria that can degrade on the sea important areAchromobacter Acinetobacter Arthrobacer
Proceedings ofthe International Semfnar Palembang 20-22 214
combination
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
Petroleum hydrocarbons biodegradation by consortium culture bacteria
of a consortium of bacterial culture significantly bacteria and the percentage of oil degradation The bacterial population
10 (ten) a combination of bacterial culture consortium is pn~sentea
positive spore prodme spore produGe spore
Motifity Motile Non motile Motile Motile Non motile
Positive Positive Positive Negative Negative Negative Negative
Positive Positive Positive Negative Positive Pnsitive Negative
-Glucose Fermentation Negative Positive Negative Positive -Sucrose Fermentation Negative Negative Positive -Lactose Fennentation Negative Negative Negative
Negative Negative Negative -lntloll Production Negative Negative Negative -Urease Produktion Negative Negative Negative -Catalase Production Positive Positive Positive Positive Negative -Metyl red test Positive Negative Negative Negative
Proskauer test Negative Positive Negative -TSl test Negative Positive Positive
test Positive Positive Positive Negative -Nitrat reduction Positive Positive Positive
c-ereus aminavorans sPhaericus
of bacteria influences the number ofbacteria due awgeOly due to a synergistic interaction
bullt+1shy T1 are grown together in a single QmallUltIveJy different from the
Qelnmern m~dium
var rotans~ This is due to a - -~ - vrlPTTl
(1998) cell growth is at Pseudomonas causes an aS5oCIatlOn
Il~ility ~C ~lllt cC~~iIlllt~on of tlllt cannot be done alone The hydrocarbon source can be derived from a fraction of the breakdown of the breakdown of hydrocarbons by the other bacteria
Proceedings ofthe International Seminar Pal embang 2011 215
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
bacteria requires a specific substrate Some bacteria interact beneficially with each other in the form of consortium
The percentage of biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons is greater by using consortia of bacterial culture compared to usmg a single cuiture This is because the bacteria used in degrading waste oil typically have higher ability if used as a consortium culture Consortium cultures have a more complete profile of enzymes than a single culture According to Mukred et al (2008) hydrocarbon compounds which are iighter and simpler can be degraded earlier at an early stage by a
Table 3 The average bacterial population and the percentage of petroleum degradation of to combinations of consortium cultures
No Consortium cultures Bacterial population (cfumL) Petroleum degradation () 1 B24 + B25 + B29 19107 a 9113 cd
72 Bzl + Bz4 + Bz9 2910 b 8995 abed 3 B20 + B21 + B24 37107 e 9004 abed 4 B20 + B25 + B29 39107 c 8962 abc 5 B21 + B24 + Bzj 51107 d 9059 bed 6 B20 + B24 + B25 52107 de 9152 d 7 B20+B21+B29 57107 de 8881 a 8 B20+B24+B29 62107 de 8979 abc 9 B21+ B25 +B29 66107 ef 8952 ab 10 B20 + B2l + B25 81107 f 9186 d
Notes the numbers followed by the same small letters on the same column show no signIficance difference according DNMRT (a = 5) B20 Alcaligenes jaecalis B2l Pseudomonas alcaligenes 824 Bacillus cereus 825 Bacillus aminovorans B29 Bacillus sphaericus var rotans
bacterial culture then the compounds which have not been degraded in the early stages are degraded by the second culture and so on According Kanaly amp Harayama (1995) and Nugroho (2006) the composition of complex compounds such as petroleum hydrocarbons cause a single species of bacteria to be unable to degrade all the components of petroleum because each species of bacteria require a specific substrate Some bacteria which interact mutually beneficially with one another in the forin of a consortium have a highly beneficial role during the degradation process of petroleum hydrocarbons
The combination treatment of consortium culture which produces high percentage of degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons is a combination of AlcaTigenes jaecalis Pseudomonas alcaligenes and Bacillus aminovorans Alcaligenes faecalis Bacillus cereus and Bacillus aminovorans l Pseudomonas alcaligenes Bacillus cereuss and Bacillus aminovorans Pseudomonas alcaligenes Bacillus cereus and Bacillus aminovorans Alcaligenes jaecalis Pseudomonas alcaligenes ana Bacillus cereUS SeqUentiallY the aVerage percentages of degradation of perroletiili hydrocarbons are as follows 9186915291139059 and 9004 (Table 3) It is allegedly due to the fact that the genus Bacillus Pseudomonas and Alcaligenes are able to degrade petroleum hydrocarbons from low molecular weight to high molecular weight resulting in a high percentage of degradation According to Alexander (1977) genus Bacillus and Pseudomonas are capable of degrading petroleum hydrocarbons with low molecular weight such as ethane propane and butane and the petroleum hydrocarbons with high molecular weight such as aromatic hydrocarbons phenol naphthalene and antrasena According to Atlas amp Bartha (1998) the genus of Pseudomonas can grow and degrade petroleum hydrocarbons chain CW C36 According to Desai amp Vyas (2006) the genus Bacillus Pseudomonas and Alcaligenes are able to degrade saturated hydrocarbons monoaromatic hydrocarbons and polyaromatic hydrocarbons According to Zhu et al (2004) the genus Pseudomonas and Alcaligenes are bacterial consortium cultures which are able to degrade the components of petroleum hydrocarbons alkanes with carbon chain C20-C25 Presumably because of the differences in the ability of each genus in degrading petroleum hydrocarbons so that the hydrocarbon components of the low the medium and the high molecular weight can be degraded According to
hnceedings othe Internatioiwi Serrrindr Palembang 2()22 October 2011 216
Santoso DSB2006Hasil inventarisasi dan identifIkasi mangrove Prnnini
Kepulauan Belitung Buku I (buku PT Multima Krida P MMuiyono D dan ESantoso 2002 sulfonat
dalam bioremediasi limbah bumL 11(011
EKardena Ratnaningsih and Wisjnuprapto 2006 Improving the efectiveness of crude-oil hrlrultgtrlrAn hrlraquo1ltgtt1gtru employing Azotobacter Chroococcum co-inocuJant Faculty of Padjadjaran University 1-16 AD200S Multi-proses remediasi dalam penanganan (Oil di perairan laut dan
pesisir Seminar Bioremediasi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Mulawarman 16 MRRldho2008 RehabilitaSi Hutan Mangrove Studi Modeling Bioremediasi
Mengj~unakm Agen untuk Bahan di Hutan Mangrove Wilayah Propinsi Sumatera Selatan
Zhu X ADVenosa amp MT Suidan 2004 Literature review on the use of commercial bioremediation for clean up ofoil-contaminated estuarine environments EPAJ6001R-04075
October 218
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
Mathematics and Natural Sciences ofHaluoleo University Kendari) 78 Injecting Drug Users Not Needle 599
And Syringe Program InPalernbangSouth Sumatera (Najrnah Faculty Health University Indonesia)
79 The Use of Salivary A-Amylase And Symptoms Questionnaires as 605 lU-Vl For Distress Breast Cancer (Yong Zubaidah JO Saidi M Zalilab MS Yong HY and Zailina H Universiti Putra MalaySia Malaysia)
80 Self-Concept in Behavior of Chickens (Ayam Kampus) In 619
(Eti Rimawati Health Faculty Universitas Dian Nuswantoro)
81 Relation Intercourse among University 626 Students In Bandar Lampung (Roro Rukmi Windi Perdani Faculty ofMedicine University Lampung )
82 of Posyandu Information System of 635 Maternal and Child (Case at Manisrejo Urban Village Taman District in Madiun City Java Province) (Abu Health ofJember)
83 Health Reform as a Result of Decentralization Policy in Bali 641 Ayu Indrayatbi Pande Putu School Health Medicine
Faculti ofUdayana University)
84 The Relationship between Mix and University Interest in 647 Public Health Science Program Medicine Andalas
University 2011 (IsniatiSyahriaJVonicha Regia ofMedicine Andalas University)
85 Healthy Behavior-Based Development Model to a Free Larvae by irntnnnt Health In The Eastern District
(Nizwardi Azkha Rizanda Machmud ofMedicine Universitas Andalas pu7nYIo Indonesia)
86 Care Seeking Behaviour of Community and Tb 670 Nonformal (Nurul IslamyJ Haris
87 on Sexual Behavior in Adolescent at Seberan~ U1u Area 677
(Iche Andriyani Liberty Nur Alarn Fajar Elvi Sunarsih Faculty of Public Sriwijaya University Indonesia)
ofthe International Seminar 2011
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
88 Review Implementation Of The 564MENKESSKNlJ1I2006) (Iwan Stia Budi Faculty ofPublic
Desa (Kepmenkes No 684
89 The Study of Desa Siaga In (Misnaniarti Asmaripa Ainy Nur Alam Sriwijaya Indonesia)
Ilir District Faculty Health
690
90 Behavior Toward Methadone Maintenance Therapy 2010
697
(Tri Novia Kumalasari Faculty ofPublic Health Sriwijaya University Indonesia)
91 Who Have Tantrums Toddler Cbodijab Abdul Qudus Eka Fitri School
Faculty ofMedicine Sriwijaya Indonesia)
705
92 Factors that Influence the Behavior of Male Adolescence Smokers at Junior School Jakarta (Cicilia Nony Budi Sulistyowan Wuryastun School ofHealth Science Sin Carolus)
714
93 Stratification ofPublic For at Urban and Rural Areas in Indonesia (Ari hnany Rusilanti and Sachriani Home 111pound7gtfn State University Indonesia)
718
723
Name and of Presenter International 726
Proceedings ofthe International Seminar Palembang 20-22 October xv
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
BIODEGRADATION OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON BY SINGLE AND CONSORTIUM OF HYDROCARBONOCLASTIC BACTERIA FROM PETROELUM
POLLUTED
Hary Widjajanti1 Iswandi Anas2
Nuni Gofar MohRasyid Ridho3
1Student of Doctoral Program at the of the Graduate Program of Sriwijaya University haryunsriyahoocom 2 Bogor Agricultural Institute 3Sriwijaya University
The study on the biodegradation of hydrocarbons by a single culture and a of hydrocarbonoclastic 1lgtItP11 from mangrove areas contaminated -Vl
done The study to test bacteria isolate in aeJraOlTlg hydrocarbons to cnalfacten potential bacterial isolate uwq
petroleum hydrocarbon to hydrocarbonoclastic in biodegrading petroleum biodegradation test was
conducted by using a Out the isolates of bacteria that ae~ralatllon ability were selected isolates were further Cn~lIajtelnz~~a identified and made into a consortium combination of3 (three) 1lgttP11 LV biodegradation tests were conducted by combinations of a consortium 3 (three) replications Observed number of bacteria and np1prnlgt(TP of TPH (Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon) Five of the 29 bacterial v which have a high ability in rInrrarl
Bacillus aminovorans Pseudomonas alcaligenes (5304) (~1 ~~4) 8cuillys 8cl(illY~1i sphqeriqus vqr culture ofhydro carbo no clastic consortium which is capable highest percentage of 9186 ofAlcaligenes faecalis Pseudomonas Bacillus aminovorans
Key words blOae~rru1at1 hydrocarbonoc1astic bacteria llIau areas
INTRODUCTION terms of SOClOeCOinOlnlC
including their as a barrier to coastal windbreaker content in the air and pollutants in vuraquouou
2006) The mangrove South Sumatra and Bangka Belitung cover an area of
of which are in damaged condition 1 1 1 ha damaged and ha (1411) are not damaged 2006) quantitatively u from to year because of the land conversion for industrial residential and transportation forest area has decreased quantitatively for~its have also environmental degradation to example in the areas in South Sumatra especially the area and Upang areas are the areas of Watershed (DAS) of Musi
shipping Jm~s for oil fields Oil pollution in the
ofdrilling producing refming and ll the P9rt llg th~
mangrove ecosystem with the most severe
Seminal Palembang 212
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
waste oil in the waters can be carried out means of physical and
~ioltgilt~l P~y~c~ a1_~ chemical methlt~s (ire u~ual more eXj)efsive~ T1lt~ envir0l1111 entally friendly application can create new problems Therefore an alternative effort waste oil which relatively cost and does not cause any negative impact on aquatic
is The treatment is handling waste biologically method of biological treatment of waste oil is bioremediation LUU
which on degradation by means of degrading is an friendly way which is effective efficient and environmentally acceptable (Mangkoedibardjo 2005 and Syakti 2004)
Widj aj anti et al (2008) had found 29 hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria petroleum contaminated mangrove area All isolates can grow in oil contaminated environment and can used oil as carbon source but quantitatively their to degrade petroleum hydrocarbon still unknown as a so must potency in hydrocarbon
bacteria used in treating waste oil have higher if used as a or a mixed (Alpentri et al Mukred ei Oil-degrading
microbes not work as individual species but in form of consortium (Mangkoedihardjo 2005) According to Sanchez (2006) the consortium is a group microbes which are beneficial to one and carry out by which individual can not do According et al (2001) the of biodegradation of hydrocarbons to perfection cannot possibly be by only one type of microbe but it is always done by a set of
fate of is mote mixed ctirure compared with single cultures
study aims to 1) test ability of rlP[)TIrllta petroleum 2) IdentifY potential bacterial isolate petroleum
hydrocarbon 3) obtain a potential consortium hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria in biodegrading petroleum hydrocarbons
culture by filling the sourceofN
with a tJ~r Soeminarti liquid medium mixture was adjusted to pH 7 (Modification of Okoh amp Trejo 2006) treatment unit is on a shaker with a speed of 120 rpm at room temperature 7
(M11kred et aL 20()8) Of the 29 bacterial whose potential in degrading petroleum hydrocarbons are tested 5
isolates with the LIlt capability are five isolates highest ability will made into 1 0 of bacterial cultures with consortium-__-- -- -_ - _ - -
3 (three) conducted 3 (three)
Characterization and of hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria The characterization identification are on five hydrocarbonoclastic
l~rTr1~ with high ability Morphological characters of the bacteria being includes the growth plate Nutrient (NA) tilt NA medium and straight NA medium Cell morphology
iIiclldcent~ lirldCcentll cMiI1~ of Gram tfIld the ap~eIicentcent encloS1Pories (Pikoli e aI 2000) The characterization of physiological and biochemical properties
fat casein the glucose sucrose illdole ure~ Voges-Proskampler
the amp Sherman 1 isolates omaUleo
characterization (19942~ _ _ - -
PNYceedfngs 213
ISBN 978b 979b 98938-5b 7
Petroleum hydrocarbons biodegradation by 10 com binations of culture consortium Thi~ stage ma~i~J1 a curve of bacteria which is prepared by fol
Hadioetomos method (1990) is then followed making of curves consortium of and bacterial culture consortium standard curves
Experiments are prepared by using a of treatment of the 3 (three) of the 5 of bacteria with the
capability so are 10 (ten) treatments each ofwhich is (three) times The bioreactor biodegradation by is made by the same procedure in
bacterial but incubated for 14 days The observations measured are cell number the percentage of of petroleum hydrocarbons The C01Jntmg
of the nnmber of the is measured by a spectrophotometer (at wavelength 1 = l~ri into the equation of mixed culture (Hadioetomos
percentage of of hydrocarbons is Nugroho (2006) the weight loss of
the testing treatment showed of degradation occurred (ANOV A) at a of 005 is performed on data obtained the observations
there is a significan Well it will (l further New Multipl~ (DNMRT) Statistics Program-6
AND DISCUSSION
Petroleum bydrocarbon biodegradation by single culture bacteria The of the ability tests of the 29 bacterial in degrading petroleum hydrocarbons and
s~lection 5 (five) species (lOd molds with the capabilities are presented in Table 1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 iL 12 13 14
5016
4998 4978
23 24 25 26 27 28 29
3876
3525
Characteristerization and identification 5 (fIVe) species of h~fP1i~ Of of 5 species of with the highest
capability are used to create a mixed formula namely B25 (Bacillus aminovorans) (Pseudomonas alcaligenes) B20 (Alcaligenes jaecalis) (Bacillus cereus) (Bacillus
spbaricus var rotans) (Table 2) is in accordance and Colwell (1990) 200 bacteria that can degrade on the sea important areAchromobacter Acinetobacter Arthrobacer
Proceedings ofthe International Semfnar Palembang 20-22 214
combination
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
Petroleum hydrocarbons biodegradation by consortium culture bacteria
of a consortium of bacterial culture significantly bacteria and the percentage of oil degradation The bacterial population
10 (ten) a combination of bacterial culture consortium is pn~sentea
positive spore prodme spore produGe spore
Motifity Motile Non motile Motile Motile Non motile
Positive Positive Positive Negative Negative Negative Negative
Positive Positive Positive Negative Positive Pnsitive Negative
-Glucose Fermentation Negative Positive Negative Positive -Sucrose Fermentation Negative Negative Positive -Lactose Fennentation Negative Negative Negative
Negative Negative Negative -lntloll Production Negative Negative Negative -Urease Produktion Negative Negative Negative -Catalase Production Positive Positive Positive Positive Negative -Metyl red test Positive Negative Negative Negative
Proskauer test Negative Positive Negative -TSl test Negative Positive Positive
test Positive Positive Positive Negative -Nitrat reduction Positive Positive Positive
c-ereus aminavorans sPhaericus
of bacteria influences the number ofbacteria due awgeOly due to a synergistic interaction
bullt+1shy T1 are grown together in a single QmallUltIveJy different from the
Qelnmern m~dium
var rotans~ This is due to a - -~ - vrlPTTl
(1998) cell growth is at Pseudomonas causes an aS5oCIatlOn
Il~ility ~C ~lllt cC~~iIlllt~on of tlllt cannot be done alone The hydrocarbon source can be derived from a fraction of the breakdown of the breakdown of hydrocarbons by the other bacteria
Proceedings ofthe International Seminar Pal embang 2011 215
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
bacteria requires a specific substrate Some bacteria interact beneficially with each other in the form of consortium
The percentage of biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons is greater by using consortia of bacterial culture compared to usmg a single cuiture This is because the bacteria used in degrading waste oil typically have higher ability if used as a consortium culture Consortium cultures have a more complete profile of enzymes than a single culture According to Mukred et al (2008) hydrocarbon compounds which are iighter and simpler can be degraded earlier at an early stage by a
Table 3 The average bacterial population and the percentage of petroleum degradation of to combinations of consortium cultures
No Consortium cultures Bacterial population (cfumL) Petroleum degradation () 1 B24 + B25 + B29 19107 a 9113 cd
72 Bzl + Bz4 + Bz9 2910 b 8995 abed 3 B20 + B21 + B24 37107 e 9004 abed 4 B20 + B25 + B29 39107 c 8962 abc 5 B21 + B24 + Bzj 51107 d 9059 bed 6 B20 + B24 + B25 52107 de 9152 d 7 B20+B21+B29 57107 de 8881 a 8 B20+B24+B29 62107 de 8979 abc 9 B21+ B25 +B29 66107 ef 8952 ab 10 B20 + B2l + B25 81107 f 9186 d
Notes the numbers followed by the same small letters on the same column show no signIficance difference according DNMRT (a = 5) B20 Alcaligenes jaecalis B2l Pseudomonas alcaligenes 824 Bacillus cereus 825 Bacillus aminovorans B29 Bacillus sphaericus var rotans
bacterial culture then the compounds which have not been degraded in the early stages are degraded by the second culture and so on According Kanaly amp Harayama (1995) and Nugroho (2006) the composition of complex compounds such as petroleum hydrocarbons cause a single species of bacteria to be unable to degrade all the components of petroleum because each species of bacteria require a specific substrate Some bacteria which interact mutually beneficially with one another in the forin of a consortium have a highly beneficial role during the degradation process of petroleum hydrocarbons
The combination treatment of consortium culture which produces high percentage of degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons is a combination of AlcaTigenes jaecalis Pseudomonas alcaligenes and Bacillus aminovorans Alcaligenes faecalis Bacillus cereus and Bacillus aminovorans l Pseudomonas alcaligenes Bacillus cereuss and Bacillus aminovorans Pseudomonas alcaligenes Bacillus cereus and Bacillus aminovorans Alcaligenes jaecalis Pseudomonas alcaligenes ana Bacillus cereUS SeqUentiallY the aVerage percentages of degradation of perroletiili hydrocarbons are as follows 9186915291139059 and 9004 (Table 3) It is allegedly due to the fact that the genus Bacillus Pseudomonas and Alcaligenes are able to degrade petroleum hydrocarbons from low molecular weight to high molecular weight resulting in a high percentage of degradation According to Alexander (1977) genus Bacillus and Pseudomonas are capable of degrading petroleum hydrocarbons with low molecular weight such as ethane propane and butane and the petroleum hydrocarbons with high molecular weight such as aromatic hydrocarbons phenol naphthalene and antrasena According to Atlas amp Bartha (1998) the genus of Pseudomonas can grow and degrade petroleum hydrocarbons chain CW C36 According to Desai amp Vyas (2006) the genus Bacillus Pseudomonas and Alcaligenes are able to degrade saturated hydrocarbons monoaromatic hydrocarbons and polyaromatic hydrocarbons According to Zhu et al (2004) the genus Pseudomonas and Alcaligenes are bacterial consortium cultures which are able to degrade the components of petroleum hydrocarbons alkanes with carbon chain C20-C25 Presumably because of the differences in the ability of each genus in degrading petroleum hydrocarbons so that the hydrocarbon components of the low the medium and the high molecular weight can be degraded According to
hnceedings othe Internatioiwi Serrrindr Palembang 2()22 October 2011 216
Santoso DSB2006Hasil inventarisasi dan identifIkasi mangrove Prnnini
Kepulauan Belitung Buku I (buku PT Multima Krida P MMuiyono D dan ESantoso 2002 sulfonat
dalam bioremediasi limbah bumL 11(011
EKardena Ratnaningsih and Wisjnuprapto 2006 Improving the efectiveness of crude-oil hrlrultgtrlrAn hrlraquo1ltgtt1gtru employing Azotobacter Chroococcum co-inocuJant Faculty of Padjadjaran University 1-16 AD200S Multi-proses remediasi dalam penanganan (Oil di perairan laut dan
pesisir Seminar Bioremediasi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Mulawarman 16 MRRldho2008 RehabilitaSi Hutan Mangrove Studi Modeling Bioremediasi
Mengj~unakm Agen untuk Bahan di Hutan Mangrove Wilayah Propinsi Sumatera Selatan
Zhu X ADVenosa amp MT Suidan 2004 Literature review on the use of commercial bioremediation for clean up ofoil-contaminated estuarine environments EPAJ6001R-04075
October 218
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
88 Review Implementation Of The 564MENKESSKNlJ1I2006) (Iwan Stia Budi Faculty ofPublic
Desa (Kepmenkes No 684
89 The Study of Desa Siaga In (Misnaniarti Asmaripa Ainy Nur Alam Sriwijaya Indonesia)
Ilir District Faculty Health
690
90 Behavior Toward Methadone Maintenance Therapy 2010
697
(Tri Novia Kumalasari Faculty ofPublic Health Sriwijaya University Indonesia)
91 Who Have Tantrums Toddler Cbodijab Abdul Qudus Eka Fitri School
Faculty ofMedicine Sriwijaya Indonesia)
705
92 Factors that Influence the Behavior of Male Adolescence Smokers at Junior School Jakarta (Cicilia Nony Budi Sulistyowan Wuryastun School ofHealth Science Sin Carolus)
714
93 Stratification ofPublic For at Urban and Rural Areas in Indonesia (Ari hnany Rusilanti and Sachriani Home 111pound7gtfn State University Indonesia)
718
723
Name and of Presenter International 726
Proceedings ofthe International Seminar Palembang 20-22 October xv
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
BIODEGRADATION OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON BY SINGLE AND CONSORTIUM OF HYDROCARBONOCLASTIC BACTERIA FROM PETROELUM
POLLUTED
Hary Widjajanti1 Iswandi Anas2
Nuni Gofar MohRasyid Ridho3
1Student of Doctoral Program at the of the Graduate Program of Sriwijaya University haryunsriyahoocom 2 Bogor Agricultural Institute 3Sriwijaya University
The study on the biodegradation of hydrocarbons by a single culture and a of hydrocarbonoclastic 1lgtItP11 from mangrove areas contaminated -Vl
done The study to test bacteria isolate in aeJraOlTlg hydrocarbons to cnalfacten potential bacterial isolate uwq
petroleum hydrocarbon to hydrocarbonoclastic in biodegrading petroleum biodegradation test was
conducted by using a Out the isolates of bacteria that ae~ralatllon ability were selected isolates were further Cn~lIajtelnz~~a identified and made into a consortium combination of3 (three) 1lgttP11 LV biodegradation tests were conducted by combinations of a consortium 3 (three) replications Observed number of bacteria and np1prnlgt(TP of TPH (Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon) Five of the 29 bacterial v which have a high ability in rInrrarl
Bacillus aminovorans Pseudomonas alcaligenes (5304) (~1 ~~4) 8cuillys 8cl(illY~1i sphqeriqus vqr culture ofhydro carbo no clastic consortium which is capable highest percentage of 9186 ofAlcaligenes faecalis Pseudomonas Bacillus aminovorans
Key words blOae~rru1at1 hydrocarbonoc1astic bacteria llIau areas
INTRODUCTION terms of SOClOeCOinOlnlC
including their as a barrier to coastal windbreaker content in the air and pollutants in vuraquouou
2006) The mangrove South Sumatra and Bangka Belitung cover an area of
of which are in damaged condition 1 1 1 ha damaged and ha (1411) are not damaged 2006) quantitatively u from to year because of the land conversion for industrial residential and transportation forest area has decreased quantitatively for~its have also environmental degradation to example in the areas in South Sumatra especially the area and Upang areas are the areas of Watershed (DAS) of Musi
shipping Jm~s for oil fields Oil pollution in the
ofdrilling producing refming and ll the P9rt llg th~
mangrove ecosystem with the most severe
Seminal Palembang 212
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
waste oil in the waters can be carried out means of physical and
~ioltgilt~l P~y~c~ a1_~ chemical methlt~s (ire u~ual more eXj)efsive~ T1lt~ envir0l1111 entally friendly application can create new problems Therefore an alternative effort waste oil which relatively cost and does not cause any negative impact on aquatic
is The treatment is handling waste biologically method of biological treatment of waste oil is bioremediation LUU
which on degradation by means of degrading is an friendly way which is effective efficient and environmentally acceptable (Mangkoedibardjo 2005 and Syakti 2004)
Widj aj anti et al (2008) had found 29 hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria petroleum contaminated mangrove area All isolates can grow in oil contaminated environment and can used oil as carbon source but quantitatively their to degrade petroleum hydrocarbon still unknown as a so must potency in hydrocarbon
bacteria used in treating waste oil have higher if used as a or a mixed (Alpentri et al Mukred ei Oil-degrading
microbes not work as individual species but in form of consortium (Mangkoedihardjo 2005) According to Sanchez (2006) the consortium is a group microbes which are beneficial to one and carry out by which individual can not do According et al (2001) the of biodegradation of hydrocarbons to perfection cannot possibly be by only one type of microbe but it is always done by a set of
fate of is mote mixed ctirure compared with single cultures
study aims to 1) test ability of rlP[)TIrllta petroleum 2) IdentifY potential bacterial isolate petroleum
hydrocarbon 3) obtain a potential consortium hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria in biodegrading petroleum hydrocarbons
culture by filling the sourceofN
with a tJ~r Soeminarti liquid medium mixture was adjusted to pH 7 (Modification of Okoh amp Trejo 2006) treatment unit is on a shaker with a speed of 120 rpm at room temperature 7
(M11kred et aL 20()8) Of the 29 bacterial whose potential in degrading petroleum hydrocarbons are tested 5
isolates with the LIlt capability are five isolates highest ability will made into 1 0 of bacterial cultures with consortium-__-- -- -_ - _ - -
3 (three) conducted 3 (three)
Characterization and of hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria The characterization identification are on five hydrocarbonoclastic
l~rTr1~ with high ability Morphological characters of the bacteria being includes the growth plate Nutrient (NA) tilt NA medium and straight NA medium Cell morphology
iIiclldcent~ lirldCcentll cMiI1~ of Gram tfIld the ap~eIicentcent encloS1Pories (Pikoli e aI 2000) The characterization of physiological and biochemical properties
fat casein the glucose sucrose illdole ure~ Voges-Proskampler
the amp Sherman 1 isolates omaUleo
characterization (19942~ _ _ - -
PNYceedfngs 213
ISBN 978b 979b 98938-5b 7
Petroleum hydrocarbons biodegradation by 10 com binations of culture consortium Thi~ stage ma~i~J1 a curve of bacteria which is prepared by fol
Hadioetomos method (1990) is then followed making of curves consortium of and bacterial culture consortium standard curves
Experiments are prepared by using a of treatment of the 3 (three) of the 5 of bacteria with the
capability so are 10 (ten) treatments each ofwhich is (three) times The bioreactor biodegradation by is made by the same procedure in
bacterial but incubated for 14 days The observations measured are cell number the percentage of of petroleum hydrocarbons The C01Jntmg
of the nnmber of the is measured by a spectrophotometer (at wavelength 1 = l~ri into the equation of mixed culture (Hadioetomos
percentage of of hydrocarbons is Nugroho (2006) the weight loss of
the testing treatment showed of degradation occurred (ANOV A) at a of 005 is performed on data obtained the observations
there is a significan Well it will (l further New Multipl~ (DNMRT) Statistics Program-6
AND DISCUSSION
Petroleum bydrocarbon biodegradation by single culture bacteria The of the ability tests of the 29 bacterial in degrading petroleum hydrocarbons and
s~lection 5 (five) species (lOd molds with the capabilities are presented in Table 1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 iL 12 13 14
5016
4998 4978
23 24 25 26 27 28 29
3876
3525
Characteristerization and identification 5 (fIVe) species of h~fP1i~ Of of 5 species of with the highest
capability are used to create a mixed formula namely B25 (Bacillus aminovorans) (Pseudomonas alcaligenes) B20 (Alcaligenes jaecalis) (Bacillus cereus) (Bacillus
spbaricus var rotans) (Table 2) is in accordance and Colwell (1990) 200 bacteria that can degrade on the sea important areAchromobacter Acinetobacter Arthrobacer
Proceedings ofthe International Semfnar Palembang 20-22 214
combination
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
Petroleum hydrocarbons biodegradation by consortium culture bacteria
of a consortium of bacterial culture significantly bacteria and the percentage of oil degradation The bacterial population
10 (ten) a combination of bacterial culture consortium is pn~sentea
positive spore prodme spore produGe spore
Motifity Motile Non motile Motile Motile Non motile
Positive Positive Positive Negative Negative Negative Negative
Positive Positive Positive Negative Positive Pnsitive Negative
-Glucose Fermentation Negative Positive Negative Positive -Sucrose Fermentation Negative Negative Positive -Lactose Fennentation Negative Negative Negative
Negative Negative Negative -lntloll Production Negative Negative Negative -Urease Produktion Negative Negative Negative -Catalase Production Positive Positive Positive Positive Negative -Metyl red test Positive Negative Negative Negative
Proskauer test Negative Positive Negative -TSl test Negative Positive Positive
test Positive Positive Positive Negative -Nitrat reduction Positive Positive Positive
c-ereus aminavorans sPhaericus
of bacteria influences the number ofbacteria due awgeOly due to a synergistic interaction
bullt+1shy T1 are grown together in a single QmallUltIveJy different from the
Qelnmern m~dium
var rotans~ This is due to a - -~ - vrlPTTl
(1998) cell growth is at Pseudomonas causes an aS5oCIatlOn
Il~ility ~C ~lllt cC~~iIlllt~on of tlllt cannot be done alone The hydrocarbon source can be derived from a fraction of the breakdown of the breakdown of hydrocarbons by the other bacteria
Proceedings ofthe International Seminar Pal embang 2011 215
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
bacteria requires a specific substrate Some bacteria interact beneficially with each other in the form of consortium
The percentage of biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons is greater by using consortia of bacterial culture compared to usmg a single cuiture This is because the bacteria used in degrading waste oil typically have higher ability if used as a consortium culture Consortium cultures have a more complete profile of enzymes than a single culture According to Mukred et al (2008) hydrocarbon compounds which are iighter and simpler can be degraded earlier at an early stage by a
Table 3 The average bacterial population and the percentage of petroleum degradation of to combinations of consortium cultures
No Consortium cultures Bacterial population (cfumL) Petroleum degradation () 1 B24 + B25 + B29 19107 a 9113 cd
72 Bzl + Bz4 + Bz9 2910 b 8995 abed 3 B20 + B21 + B24 37107 e 9004 abed 4 B20 + B25 + B29 39107 c 8962 abc 5 B21 + B24 + Bzj 51107 d 9059 bed 6 B20 + B24 + B25 52107 de 9152 d 7 B20+B21+B29 57107 de 8881 a 8 B20+B24+B29 62107 de 8979 abc 9 B21+ B25 +B29 66107 ef 8952 ab 10 B20 + B2l + B25 81107 f 9186 d
Notes the numbers followed by the same small letters on the same column show no signIficance difference according DNMRT (a = 5) B20 Alcaligenes jaecalis B2l Pseudomonas alcaligenes 824 Bacillus cereus 825 Bacillus aminovorans B29 Bacillus sphaericus var rotans
bacterial culture then the compounds which have not been degraded in the early stages are degraded by the second culture and so on According Kanaly amp Harayama (1995) and Nugroho (2006) the composition of complex compounds such as petroleum hydrocarbons cause a single species of bacteria to be unable to degrade all the components of petroleum because each species of bacteria require a specific substrate Some bacteria which interact mutually beneficially with one another in the forin of a consortium have a highly beneficial role during the degradation process of petroleum hydrocarbons
The combination treatment of consortium culture which produces high percentage of degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons is a combination of AlcaTigenes jaecalis Pseudomonas alcaligenes and Bacillus aminovorans Alcaligenes faecalis Bacillus cereus and Bacillus aminovorans l Pseudomonas alcaligenes Bacillus cereuss and Bacillus aminovorans Pseudomonas alcaligenes Bacillus cereus and Bacillus aminovorans Alcaligenes jaecalis Pseudomonas alcaligenes ana Bacillus cereUS SeqUentiallY the aVerage percentages of degradation of perroletiili hydrocarbons are as follows 9186915291139059 and 9004 (Table 3) It is allegedly due to the fact that the genus Bacillus Pseudomonas and Alcaligenes are able to degrade petroleum hydrocarbons from low molecular weight to high molecular weight resulting in a high percentage of degradation According to Alexander (1977) genus Bacillus and Pseudomonas are capable of degrading petroleum hydrocarbons with low molecular weight such as ethane propane and butane and the petroleum hydrocarbons with high molecular weight such as aromatic hydrocarbons phenol naphthalene and antrasena According to Atlas amp Bartha (1998) the genus of Pseudomonas can grow and degrade petroleum hydrocarbons chain CW C36 According to Desai amp Vyas (2006) the genus Bacillus Pseudomonas and Alcaligenes are able to degrade saturated hydrocarbons monoaromatic hydrocarbons and polyaromatic hydrocarbons According to Zhu et al (2004) the genus Pseudomonas and Alcaligenes are bacterial consortium cultures which are able to degrade the components of petroleum hydrocarbons alkanes with carbon chain C20-C25 Presumably because of the differences in the ability of each genus in degrading petroleum hydrocarbons so that the hydrocarbon components of the low the medium and the high molecular weight can be degraded According to
hnceedings othe Internatioiwi Serrrindr Palembang 2()22 October 2011 216
Santoso DSB2006Hasil inventarisasi dan identifIkasi mangrove Prnnini
Kepulauan Belitung Buku I (buku PT Multima Krida P MMuiyono D dan ESantoso 2002 sulfonat
dalam bioremediasi limbah bumL 11(011
EKardena Ratnaningsih and Wisjnuprapto 2006 Improving the efectiveness of crude-oil hrlrultgtrlrAn hrlraquo1ltgtt1gtru employing Azotobacter Chroococcum co-inocuJant Faculty of Padjadjaran University 1-16 AD200S Multi-proses remediasi dalam penanganan (Oil di perairan laut dan
pesisir Seminar Bioremediasi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Mulawarman 16 MRRldho2008 RehabilitaSi Hutan Mangrove Studi Modeling Bioremediasi
Mengj~unakm Agen untuk Bahan di Hutan Mangrove Wilayah Propinsi Sumatera Selatan
Zhu X ADVenosa amp MT Suidan 2004 Literature review on the use of commercial bioremediation for clean up ofoil-contaminated estuarine environments EPAJ6001R-04075
October 218
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
BIODEGRADATION OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON BY SINGLE AND CONSORTIUM OF HYDROCARBONOCLASTIC BACTERIA FROM PETROELUM
POLLUTED
Hary Widjajanti1 Iswandi Anas2
Nuni Gofar MohRasyid Ridho3
1Student of Doctoral Program at the of the Graduate Program of Sriwijaya University haryunsriyahoocom 2 Bogor Agricultural Institute 3Sriwijaya University
The study on the biodegradation of hydrocarbons by a single culture and a of hydrocarbonoclastic 1lgtItP11 from mangrove areas contaminated -Vl
done The study to test bacteria isolate in aeJraOlTlg hydrocarbons to cnalfacten potential bacterial isolate uwq
petroleum hydrocarbon to hydrocarbonoclastic in biodegrading petroleum biodegradation test was
conducted by using a Out the isolates of bacteria that ae~ralatllon ability were selected isolates were further Cn~lIajtelnz~~a identified and made into a consortium combination of3 (three) 1lgttP11 LV biodegradation tests were conducted by combinations of a consortium 3 (three) replications Observed number of bacteria and np1prnlgt(TP of TPH (Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon) Five of the 29 bacterial v which have a high ability in rInrrarl
Bacillus aminovorans Pseudomonas alcaligenes (5304) (~1 ~~4) 8cuillys 8cl(illY~1i sphqeriqus vqr culture ofhydro carbo no clastic consortium which is capable highest percentage of 9186 ofAlcaligenes faecalis Pseudomonas Bacillus aminovorans
Key words blOae~rru1at1 hydrocarbonoc1astic bacteria llIau areas
INTRODUCTION terms of SOClOeCOinOlnlC
including their as a barrier to coastal windbreaker content in the air and pollutants in vuraquouou
2006) The mangrove South Sumatra and Bangka Belitung cover an area of
of which are in damaged condition 1 1 1 ha damaged and ha (1411) are not damaged 2006) quantitatively u from to year because of the land conversion for industrial residential and transportation forest area has decreased quantitatively for~its have also environmental degradation to example in the areas in South Sumatra especially the area and Upang areas are the areas of Watershed (DAS) of Musi
shipping Jm~s for oil fields Oil pollution in the
ofdrilling producing refming and ll the P9rt llg th~
mangrove ecosystem with the most severe
Seminal Palembang 212
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
waste oil in the waters can be carried out means of physical and
~ioltgilt~l P~y~c~ a1_~ chemical methlt~s (ire u~ual more eXj)efsive~ T1lt~ envir0l1111 entally friendly application can create new problems Therefore an alternative effort waste oil which relatively cost and does not cause any negative impact on aquatic
is The treatment is handling waste biologically method of biological treatment of waste oil is bioremediation LUU
which on degradation by means of degrading is an friendly way which is effective efficient and environmentally acceptable (Mangkoedibardjo 2005 and Syakti 2004)
Widj aj anti et al (2008) had found 29 hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria petroleum contaminated mangrove area All isolates can grow in oil contaminated environment and can used oil as carbon source but quantitatively their to degrade petroleum hydrocarbon still unknown as a so must potency in hydrocarbon
bacteria used in treating waste oil have higher if used as a or a mixed (Alpentri et al Mukred ei Oil-degrading
microbes not work as individual species but in form of consortium (Mangkoedihardjo 2005) According to Sanchez (2006) the consortium is a group microbes which are beneficial to one and carry out by which individual can not do According et al (2001) the of biodegradation of hydrocarbons to perfection cannot possibly be by only one type of microbe but it is always done by a set of
fate of is mote mixed ctirure compared with single cultures
study aims to 1) test ability of rlP[)TIrllta petroleum 2) IdentifY potential bacterial isolate petroleum
hydrocarbon 3) obtain a potential consortium hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria in biodegrading petroleum hydrocarbons
culture by filling the sourceofN
with a tJ~r Soeminarti liquid medium mixture was adjusted to pH 7 (Modification of Okoh amp Trejo 2006) treatment unit is on a shaker with a speed of 120 rpm at room temperature 7
(M11kred et aL 20()8) Of the 29 bacterial whose potential in degrading petroleum hydrocarbons are tested 5
isolates with the LIlt capability are five isolates highest ability will made into 1 0 of bacterial cultures with consortium-__-- -- -_ - _ - -
3 (three) conducted 3 (three)
Characterization and of hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria The characterization identification are on five hydrocarbonoclastic
l~rTr1~ with high ability Morphological characters of the bacteria being includes the growth plate Nutrient (NA) tilt NA medium and straight NA medium Cell morphology
iIiclldcent~ lirldCcentll cMiI1~ of Gram tfIld the ap~eIicentcent encloS1Pories (Pikoli e aI 2000) The characterization of physiological and biochemical properties
fat casein the glucose sucrose illdole ure~ Voges-Proskampler
the amp Sherman 1 isolates omaUleo
characterization (19942~ _ _ - -
PNYceedfngs 213
ISBN 978b 979b 98938-5b 7
Petroleum hydrocarbons biodegradation by 10 com binations of culture consortium Thi~ stage ma~i~J1 a curve of bacteria which is prepared by fol
Hadioetomos method (1990) is then followed making of curves consortium of and bacterial culture consortium standard curves
Experiments are prepared by using a of treatment of the 3 (three) of the 5 of bacteria with the
capability so are 10 (ten) treatments each ofwhich is (three) times The bioreactor biodegradation by is made by the same procedure in
bacterial but incubated for 14 days The observations measured are cell number the percentage of of petroleum hydrocarbons The C01Jntmg
of the nnmber of the is measured by a spectrophotometer (at wavelength 1 = l~ri into the equation of mixed culture (Hadioetomos
percentage of of hydrocarbons is Nugroho (2006) the weight loss of
the testing treatment showed of degradation occurred (ANOV A) at a of 005 is performed on data obtained the observations
there is a significan Well it will (l further New Multipl~ (DNMRT) Statistics Program-6
AND DISCUSSION
Petroleum bydrocarbon biodegradation by single culture bacteria The of the ability tests of the 29 bacterial in degrading petroleum hydrocarbons and
s~lection 5 (five) species (lOd molds with the capabilities are presented in Table 1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 iL 12 13 14
5016
4998 4978
23 24 25 26 27 28 29
3876
3525
Characteristerization and identification 5 (fIVe) species of h~fP1i~ Of of 5 species of with the highest
capability are used to create a mixed formula namely B25 (Bacillus aminovorans) (Pseudomonas alcaligenes) B20 (Alcaligenes jaecalis) (Bacillus cereus) (Bacillus
spbaricus var rotans) (Table 2) is in accordance and Colwell (1990) 200 bacteria that can degrade on the sea important areAchromobacter Acinetobacter Arthrobacer
Proceedings ofthe International Semfnar Palembang 20-22 214
combination
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
Petroleum hydrocarbons biodegradation by consortium culture bacteria
of a consortium of bacterial culture significantly bacteria and the percentage of oil degradation The bacterial population
10 (ten) a combination of bacterial culture consortium is pn~sentea
positive spore prodme spore produGe spore
Motifity Motile Non motile Motile Motile Non motile
Positive Positive Positive Negative Negative Negative Negative
Positive Positive Positive Negative Positive Pnsitive Negative
-Glucose Fermentation Negative Positive Negative Positive -Sucrose Fermentation Negative Negative Positive -Lactose Fennentation Negative Negative Negative
Negative Negative Negative -lntloll Production Negative Negative Negative -Urease Produktion Negative Negative Negative -Catalase Production Positive Positive Positive Positive Negative -Metyl red test Positive Negative Negative Negative
Proskauer test Negative Positive Negative -TSl test Negative Positive Positive
test Positive Positive Positive Negative -Nitrat reduction Positive Positive Positive
c-ereus aminavorans sPhaericus
of bacteria influences the number ofbacteria due awgeOly due to a synergistic interaction
bullt+1shy T1 are grown together in a single QmallUltIveJy different from the
Qelnmern m~dium
var rotans~ This is due to a - -~ - vrlPTTl
(1998) cell growth is at Pseudomonas causes an aS5oCIatlOn
Il~ility ~C ~lllt cC~~iIlllt~on of tlllt cannot be done alone The hydrocarbon source can be derived from a fraction of the breakdown of the breakdown of hydrocarbons by the other bacteria
Proceedings ofthe International Seminar Pal embang 2011 215
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
bacteria requires a specific substrate Some bacteria interact beneficially with each other in the form of consortium
The percentage of biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons is greater by using consortia of bacterial culture compared to usmg a single cuiture This is because the bacteria used in degrading waste oil typically have higher ability if used as a consortium culture Consortium cultures have a more complete profile of enzymes than a single culture According to Mukred et al (2008) hydrocarbon compounds which are iighter and simpler can be degraded earlier at an early stage by a
Table 3 The average bacterial population and the percentage of petroleum degradation of to combinations of consortium cultures
No Consortium cultures Bacterial population (cfumL) Petroleum degradation () 1 B24 + B25 + B29 19107 a 9113 cd
72 Bzl + Bz4 + Bz9 2910 b 8995 abed 3 B20 + B21 + B24 37107 e 9004 abed 4 B20 + B25 + B29 39107 c 8962 abc 5 B21 + B24 + Bzj 51107 d 9059 bed 6 B20 + B24 + B25 52107 de 9152 d 7 B20+B21+B29 57107 de 8881 a 8 B20+B24+B29 62107 de 8979 abc 9 B21+ B25 +B29 66107 ef 8952 ab 10 B20 + B2l + B25 81107 f 9186 d
Notes the numbers followed by the same small letters on the same column show no signIficance difference according DNMRT (a = 5) B20 Alcaligenes jaecalis B2l Pseudomonas alcaligenes 824 Bacillus cereus 825 Bacillus aminovorans B29 Bacillus sphaericus var rotans
bacterial culture then the compounds which have not been degraded in the early stages are degraded by the second culture and so on According Kanaly amp Harayama (1995) and Nugroho (2006) the composition of complex compounds such as petroleum hydrocarbons cause a single species of bacteria to be unable to degrade all the components of petroleum because each species of bacteria require a specific substrate Some bacteria which interact mutually beneficially with one another in the forin of a consortium have a highly beneficial role during the degradation process of petroleum hydrocarbons
The combination treatment of consortium culture which produces high percentage of degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons is a combination of AlcaTigenes jaecalis Pseudomonas alcaligenes and Bacillus aminovorans Alcaligenes faecalis Bacillus cereus and Bacillus aminovorans l Pseudomonas alcaligenes Bacillus cereuss and Bacillus aminovorans Pseudomonas alcaligenes Bacillus cereus and Bacillus aminovorans Alcaligenes jaecalis Pseudomonas alcaligenes ana Bacillus cereUS SeqUentiallY the aVerage percentages of degradation of perroletiili hydrocarbons are as follows 9186915291139059 and 9004 (Table 3) It is allegedly due to the fact that the genus Bacillus Pseudomonas and Alcaligenes are able to degrade petroleum hydrocarbons from low molecular weight to high molecular weight resulting in a high percentage of degradation According to Alexander (1977) genus Bacillus and Pseudomonas are capable of degrading petroleum hydrocarbons with low molecular weight such as ethane propane and butane and the petroleum hydrocarbons with high molecular weight such as aromatic hydrocarbons phenol naphthalene and antrasena According to Atlas amp Bartha (1998) the genus of Pseudomonas can grow and degrade petroleum hydrocarbons chain CW C36 According to Desai amp Vyas (2006) the genus Bacillus Pseudomonas and Alcaligenes are able to degrade saturated hydrocarbons monoaromatic hydrocarbons and polyaromatic hydrocarbons According to Zhu et al (2004) the genus Pseudomonas and Alcaligenes are bacterial consortium cultures which are able to degrade the components of petroleum hydrocarbons alkanes with carbon chain C20-C25 Presumably because of the differences in the ability of each genus in degrading petroleum hydrocarbons so that the hydrocarbon components of the low the medium and the high molecular weight can be degraded According to
hnceedings othe Internatioiwi Serrrindr Palembang 2()22 October 2011 216
Santoso DSB2006Hasil inventarisasi dan identifIkasi mangrove Prnnini
Kepulauan Belitung Buku I (buku PT Multima Krida P MMuiyono D dan ESantoso 2002 sulfonat
dalam bioremediasi limbah bumL 11(011
EKardena Ratnaningsih and Wisjnuprapto 2006 Improving the efectiveness of crude-oil hrlrultgtrlrAn hrlraquo1ltgtt1gtru employing Azotobacter Chroococcum co-inocuJant Faculty of Padjadjaran University 1-16 AD200S Multi-proses remediasi dalam penanganan (Oil di perairan laut dan
pesisir Seminar Bioremediasi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Mulawarman 16 MRRldho2008 RehabilitaSi Hutan Mangrove Studi Modeling Bioremediasi
Mengj~unakm Agen untuk Bahan di Hutan Mangrove Wilayah Propinsi Sumatera Selatan
Zhu X ADVenosa amp MT Suidan 2004 Literature review on the use of commercial bioremediation for clean up ofoil-contaminated estuarine environments EPAJ6001R-04075
October 218
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
waste oil in the waters can be carried out means of physical and
~ioltgilt~l P~y~c~ a1_~ chemical methlt~s (ire u~ual more eXj)efsive~ T1lt~ envir0l1111 entally friendly application can create new problems Therefore an alternative effort waste oil which relatively cost and does not cause any negative impact on aquatic
is The treatment is handling waste biologically method of biological treatment of waste oil is bioremediation LUU
which on degradation by means of degrading is an friendly way which is effective efficient and environmentally acceptable (Mangkoedibardjo 2005 and Syakti 2004)
Widj aj anti et al (2008) had found 29 hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria petroleum contaminated mangrove area All isolates can grow in oil contaminated environment and can used oil as carbon source but quantitatively their to degrade petroleum hydrocarbon still unknown as a so must potency in hydrocarbon
bacteria used in treating waste oil have higher if used as a or a mixed (Alpentri et al Mukred ei Oil-degrading
microbes not work as individual species but in form of consortium (Mangkoedihardjo 2005) According to Sanchez (2006) the consortium is a group microbes which are beneficial to one and carry out by which individual can not do According et al (2001) the of biodegradation of hydrocarbons to perfection cannot possibly be by only one type of microbe but it is always done by a set of
fate of is mote mixed ctirure compared with single cultures
study aims to 1) test ability of rlP[)TIrllta petroleum 2) IdentifY potential bacterial isolate petroleum
hydrocarbon 3) obtain a potential consortium hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria in biodegrading petroleum hydrocarbons
culture by filling the sourceofN
with a tJ~r Soeminarti liquid medium mixture was adjusted to pH 7 (Modification of Okoh amp Trejo 2006) treatment unit is on a shaker with a speed of 120 rpm at room temperature 7
(M11kred et aL 20()8) Of the 29 bacterial whose potential in degrading petroleum hydrocarbons are tested 5
isolates with the LIlt capability are five isolates highest ability will made into 1 0 of bacterial cultures with consortium-__-- -- -_ - _ - -
3 (three) conducted 3 (three)
Characterization and of hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria The characterization identification are on five hydrocarbonoclastic
l~rTr1~ with high ability Morphological characters of the bacteria being includes the growth plate Nutrient (NA) tilt NA medium and straight NA medium Cell morphology
iIiclldcent~ lirldCcentll cMiI1~ of Gram tfIld the ap~eIicentcent encloS1Pories (Pikoli e aI 2000) The characterization of physiological and biochemical properties
fat casein the glucose sucrose illdole ure~ Voges-Proskampler
the amp Sherman 1 isolates omaUleo
characterization (19942~ _ _ - -
PNYceedfngs 213
ISBN 978b 979b 98938-5b 7
Petroleum hydrocarbons biodegradation by 10 com binations of culture consortium Thi~ stage ma~i~J1 a curve of bacteria which is prepared by fol
Hadioetomos method (1990) is then followed making of curves consortium of and bacterial culture consortium standard curves
Experiments are prepared by using a of treatment of the 3 (three) of the 5 of bacteria with the
capability so are 10 (ten) treatments each ofwhich is (three) times The bioreactor biodegradation by is made by the same procedure in
bacterial but incubated for 14 days The observations measured are cell number the percentage of of petroleum hydrocarbons The C01Jntmg
of the nnmber of the is measured by a spectrophotometer (at wavelength 1 = l~ri into the equation of mixed culture (Hadioetomos
percentage of of hydrocarbons is Nugroho (2006) the weight loss of
the testing treatment showed of degradation occurred (ANOV A) at a of 005 is performed on data obtained the observations
there is a significan Well it will (l further New Multipl~ (DNMRT) Statistics Program-6
AND DISCUSSION
Petroleum bydrocarbon biodegradation by single culture bacteria The of the ability tests of the 29 bacterial in degrading petroleum hydrocarbons and
s~lection 5 (five) species (lOd molds with the capabilities are presented in Table 1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 iL 12 13 14
5016
4998 4978
23 24 25 26 27 28 29
3876
3525
Characteristerization and identification 5 (fIVe) species of h~fP1i~ Of of 5 species of with the highest
capability are used to create a mixed formula namely B25 (Bacillus aminovorans) (Pseudomonas alcaligenes) B20 (Alcaligenes jaecalis) (Bacillus cereus) (Bacillus
spbaricus var rotans) (Table 2) is in accordance and Colwell (1990) 200 bacteria that can degrade on the sea important areAchromobacter Acinetobacter Arthrobacer
Proceedings ofthe International Semfnar Palembang 20-22 214
combination
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
Petroleum hydrocarbons biodegradation by consortium culture bacteria
of a consortium of bacterial culture significantly bacteria and the percentage of oil degradation The bacterial population
10 (ten) a combination of bacterial culture consortium is pn~sentea
positive spore prodme spore produGe spore
Motifity Motile Non motile Motile Motile Non motile
Positive Positive Positive Negative Negative Negative Negative
Positive Positive Positive Negative Positive Pnsitive Negative
-Glucose Fermentation Negative Positive Negative Positive -Sucrose Fermentation Negative Negative Positive -Lactose Fennentation Negative Negative Negative
Negative Negative Negative -lntloll Production Negative Negative Negative -Urease Produktion Negative Negative Negative -Catalase Production Positive Positive Positive Positive Negative -Metyl red test Positive Negative Negative Negative
Proskauer test Negative Positive Negative -TSl test Negative Positive Positive
test Positive Positive Positive Negative -Nitrat reduction Positive Positive Positive
c-ereus aminavorans sPhaericus
of bacteria influences the number ofbacteria due awgeOly due to a synergistic interaction
bullt+1shy T1 are grown together in a single QmallUltIveJy different from the
Qelnmern m~dium
var rotans~ This is due to a - -~ - vrlPTTl
(1998) cell growth is at Pseudomonas causes an aS5oCIatlOn
Il~ility ~C ~lllt cC~~iIlllt~on of tlllt cannot be done alone The hydrocarbon source can be derived from a fraction of the breakdown of the breakdown of hydrocarbons by the other bacteria
Proceedings ofthe International Seminar Pal embang 2011 215
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
bacteria requires a specific substrate Some bacteria interact beneficially with each other in the form of consortium
The percentage of biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons is greater by using consortia of bacterial culture compared to usmg a single cuiture This is because the bacteria used in degrading waste oil typically have higher ability if used as a consortium culture Consortium cultures have a more complete profile of enzymes than a single culture According to Mukred et al (2008) hydrocarbon compounds which are iighter and simpler can be degraded earlier at an early stage by a
Table 3 The average bacterial population and the percentage of petroleum degradation of to combinations of consortium cultures
No Consortium cultures Bacterial population (cfumL) Petroleum degradation () 1 B24 + B25 + B29 19107 a 9113 cd
72 Bzl + Bz4 + Bz9 2910 b 8995 abed 3 B20 + B21 + B24 37107 e 9004 abed 4 B20 + B25 + B29 39107 c 8962 abc 5 B21 + B24 + Bzj 51107 d 9059 bed 6 B20 + B24 + B25 52107 de 9152 d 7 B20+B21+B29 57107 de 8881 a 8 B20+B24+B29 62107 de 8979 abc 9 B21+ B25 +B29 66107 ef 8952 ab 10 B20 + B2l + B25 81107 f 9186 d
Notes the numbers followed by the same small letters on the same column show no signIficance difference according DNMRT (a = 5) B20 Alcaligenes jaecalis B2l Pseudomonas alcaligenes 824 Bacillus cereus 825 Bacillus aminovorans B29 Bacillus sphaericus var rotans
bacterial culture then the compounds which have not been degraded in the early stages are degraded by the second culture and so on According Kanaly amp Harayama (1995) and Nugroho (2006) the composition of complex compounds such as petroleum hydrocarbons cause a single species of bacteria to be unable to degrade all the components of petroleum because each species of bacteria require a specific substrate Some bacteria which interact mutually beneficially with one another in the forin of a consortium have a highly beneficial role during the degradation process of petroleum hydrocarbons
The combination treatment of consortium culture which produces high percentage of degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons is a combination of AlcaTigenes jaecalis Pseudomonas alcaligenes and Bacillus aminovorans Alcaligenes faecalis Bacillus cereus and Bacillus aminovorans l Pseudomonas alcaligenes Bacillus cereuss and Bacillus aminovorans Pseudomonas alcaligenes Bacillus cereus and Bacillus aminovorans Alcaligenes jaecalis Pseudomonas alcaligenes ana Bacillus cereUS SeqUentiallY the aVerage percentages of degradation of perroletiili hydrocarbons are as follows 9186915291139059 and 9004 (Table 3) It is allegedly due to the fact that the genus Bacillus Pseudomonas and Alcaligenes are able to degrade petroleum hydrocarbons from low molecular weight to high molecular weight resulting in a high percentage of degradation According to Alexander (1977) genus Bacillus and Pseudomonas are capable of degrading petroleum hydrocarbons with low molecular weight such as ethane propane and butane and the petroleum hydrocarbons with high molecular weight such as aromatic hydrocarbons phenol naphthalene and antrasena According to Atlas amp Bartha (1998) the genus of Pseudomonas can grow and degrade petroleum hydrocarbons chain CW C36 According to Desai amp Vyas (2006) the genus Bacillus Pseudomonas and Alcaligenes are able to degrade saturated hydrocarbons monoaromatic hydrocarbons and polyaromatic hydrocarbons According to Zhu et al (2004) the genus Pseudomonas and Alcaligenes are bacterial consortium cultures which are able to degrade the components of petroleum hydrocarbons alkanes with carbon chain C20-C25 Presumably because of the differences in the ability of each genus in degrading petroleum hydrocarbons so that the hydrocarbon components of the low the medium and the high molecular weight can be degraded According to
hnceedings othe Internatioiwi Serrrindr Palembang 2()22 October 2011 216
Santoso DSB2006Hasil inventarisasi dan identifIkasi mangrove Prnnini
Kepulauan Belitung Buku I (buku PT Multima Krida P MMuiyono D dan ESantoso 2002 sulfonat
dalam bioremediasi limbah bumL 11(011
EKardena Ratnaningsih and Wisjnuprapto 2006 Improving the efectiveness of crude-oil hrlrultgtrlrAn hrlraquo1ltgtt1gtru employing Azotobacter Chroococcum co-inocuJant Faculty of Padjadjaran University 1-16 AD200S Multi-proses remediasi dalam penanganan (Oil di perairan laut dan
pesisir Seminar Bioremediasi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Mulawarman 16 MRRldho2008 RehabilitaSi Hutan Mangrove Studi Modeling Bioremediasi
Mengj~unakm Agen untuk Bahan di Hutan Mangrove Wilayah Propinsi Sumatera Selatan
Zhu X ADVenosa amp MT Suidan 2004 Literature review on the use of commercial bioremediation for clean up ofoil-contaminated estuarine environments EPAJ6001R-04075
October 218
ISBN 978b 979b 98938-5b 7
Petroleum hydrocarbons biodegradation by 10 com binations of culture consortium Thi~ stage ma~i~J1 a curve of bacteria which is prepared by fol
Hadioetomos method (1990) is then followed making of curves consortium of and bacterial culture consortium standard curves
Experiments are prepared by using a of treatment of the 3 (three) of the 5 of bacteria with the
capability so are 10 (ten) treatments each ofwhich is (three) times The bioreactor biodegradation by is made by the same procedure in
bacterial but incubated for 14 days The observations measured are cell number the percentage of of petroleum hydrocarbons The C01Jntmg
of the nnmber of the is measured by a spectrophotometer (at wavelength 1 = l~ri into the equation of mixed culture (Hadioetomos
percentage of of hydrocarbons is Nugroho (2006) the weight loss of
the testing treatment showed of degradation occurred (ANOV A) at a of 005 is performed on data obtained the observations
there is a significan Well it will (l further New Multipl~ (DNMRT) Statistics Program-6
AND DISCUSSION
Petroleum bydrocarbon biodegradation by single culture bacteria The of the ability tests of the 29 bacterial in degrading petroleum hydrocarbons and
s~lection 5 (five) species (lOd molds with the capabilities are presented in Table 1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 iL 12 13 14
5016
4998 4978
23 24 25 26 27 28 29
3876
3525
Characteristerization and identification 5 (fIVe) species of h~fP1i~ Of of 5 species of with the highest
capability are used to create a mixed formula namely B25 (Bacillus aminovorans) (Pseudomonas alcaligenes) B20 (Alcaligenes jaecalis) (Bacillus cereus) (Bacillus
spbaricus var rotans) (Table 2) is in accordance and Colwell (1990) 200 bacteria that can degrade on the sea important areAchromobacter Acinetobacter Arthrobacer
Proceedings ofthe International Semfnar Palembang 20-22 214
combination
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
Petroleum hydrocarbons biodegradation by consortium culture bacteria
of a consortium of bacterial culture significantly bacteria and the percentage of oil degradation The bacterial population
10 (ten) a combination of bacterial culture consortium is pn~sentea
positive spore prodme spore produGe spore
Motifity Motile Non motile Motile Motile Non motile
Positive Positive Positive Negative Negative Negative Negative
Positive Positive Positive Negative Positive Pnsitive Negative
-Glucose Fermentation Negative Positive Negative Positive -Sucrose Fermentation Negative Negative Positive -Lactose Fennentation Negative Negative Negative
Negative Negative Negative -lntloll Production Negative Negative Negative -Urease Produktion Negative Negative Negative -Catalase Production Positive Positive Positive Positive Negative -Metyl red test Positive Negative Negative Negative
Proskauer test Negative Positive Negative -TSl test Negative Positive Positive
test Positive Positive Positive Negative -Nitrat reduction Positive Positive Positive
c-ereus aminavorans sPhaericus
of bacteria influences the number ofbacteria due awgeOly due to a synergistic interaction
bullt+1shy T1 are grown together in a single QmallUltIveJy different from the
Qelnmern m~dium
var rotans~ This is due to a - -~ - vrlPTTl
(1998) cell growth is at Pseudomonas causes an aS5oCIatlOn
Il~ility ~C ~lllt cC~~iIlllt~on of tlllt cannot be done alone The hydrocarbon source can be derived from a fraction of the breakdown of the breakdown of hydrocarbons by the other bacteria
Proceedings ofthe International Seminar Pal embang 2011 215
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
bacteria requires a specific substrate Some bacteria interact beneficially with each other in the form of consortium
The percentage of biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons is greater by using consortia of bacterial culture compared to usmg a single cuiture This is because the bacteria used in degrading waste oil typically have higher ability if used as a consortium culture Consortium cultures have a more complete profile of enzymes than a single culture According to Mukred et al (2008) hydrocarbon compounds which are iighter and simpler can be degraded earlier at an early stage by a
Table 3 The average bacterial population and the percentage of petroleum degradation of to combinations of consortium cultures
No Consortium cultures Bacterial population (cfumL) Petroleum degradation () 1 B24 + B25 + B29 19107 a 9113 cd
72 Bzl + Bz4 + Bz9 2910 b 8995 abed 3 B20 + B21 + B24 37107 e 9004 abed 4 B20 + B25 + B29 39107 c 8962 abc 5 B21 + B24 + Bzj 51107 d 9059 bed 6 B20 + B24 + B25 52107 de 9152 d 7 B20+B21+B29 57107 de 8881 a 8 B20+B24+B29 62107 de 8979 abc 9 B21+ B25 +B29 66107 ef 8952 ab 10 B20 + B2l + B25 81107 f 9186 d
Notes the numbers followed by the same small letters on the same column show no signIficance difference according DNMRT (a = 5) B20 Alcaligenes jaecalis B2l Pseudomonas alcaligenes 824 Bacillus cereus 825 Bacillus aminovorans B29 Bacillus sphaericus var rotans
bacterial culture then the compounds which have not been degraded in the early stages are degraded by the second culture and so on According Kanaly amp Harayama (1995) and Nugroho (2006) the composition of complex compounds such as petroleum hydrocarbons cause a single species of bacteria to be unable to degrade all the components of petroleum because each species of bacteria require a specific substrate Some bacteria which interact mutually beneficially with one another in the forin of a consortium have a highly beneficial role during the degradation process of petroleum hydrocarbons
The combination treatment of consortium culture which produces high percentage of degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons is a combination of AlcaTigenes jaecalis Pseudomonas alcaligenes and Bacillus aminovorans Alcaligenes faecalis Bacillus cereus and Bacillus aminovorans l Pseudomonas alcaligenes Bacillus cereuss and Bacillus aminovorans Pseudomonas alcaligenes Bacillus cereus and Bacillus aminovorans Alcaligenes jaecalis Pseudomonas alcaligenes ana Bacillus cereUS SeqUentiallY the aVerage percentages of degradation of perroletiili hydrocarbons are as follows 9186915291139059 and 9004 (Table 3) It is allegedly due to the fact that the genus Bacillus Pseudomonas and Alcaligenes are able to degrade petroleum hydrocarbons from low molecular weight to high molecular weight resulting in a high percentage of degradation According to Alexander (1977) genus Bacillus and Pseudomonas are capable of degrading petroleum hydrocarbons with low molecular weight such as ethane propane and butane and the petroleum hydrocarbons with high molecular weight such as aromatic hydrocarbons phenol naphthalene and antrasena According to Atlas amp Bartha (1998) the genus of Pseudomonas can grow and degrade petroleum hydrocarbons chain CW C36 According to Desai amp Vyas (2006) the genus Bacillus Pseudomonas and Alcaligenes are able to degrade saturated hydrocarbons monoaromatic hydrocarbons and polyaromatic hydrocarbons According to Zhu et al (2004) the genus Pseudomonas and Alcaligenes are bacterial consortium cultures which are able to degrade the components of petroleum hydrocarbons alkanes with carbon chain C20-C25 Presumably because of the differences in the ability of each genus in degrading petroleum hydrocarbons so that the hydrocarbon components of the low the medium and the high molecular weight can be degraded According to
hnceedings othe Internatioiwi Serrrindr Palembang 2()22 October 2011 216
Santoso DSB2006Hasil inventarisasi dan identifIkasi mangrove Prnnini
Kepulauan Belitung Buku I (buku PT Multima Krida P MMuiyono D dan ESantoso 2002 sulfonat
dalam bioremediasi limbah bumL 11(011
EKardena Ratnaningsih and Wisjnuprapto 2006 Improving the efectiveness of crude-oil hrlrultgtrlrAn hrlraquo1ltgtt1gtru employing Azotobacter Chroococcum co-inocuJant Faculty of Padjadjaran University 1-16 AD200S Multi-proses remediasi dalam penanganan (Oil di perairan laut dan
pesisir Seminar Bioremediasi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Mulawarman 16 MRRldho2008 RehabilitaSi Hutan Mangrove Studi Modeling Bioremediasi
Mengj~unakm Agen untuk Bahan di Hutan Mangrove Wilayah Propinsi Sumatera Selatan
Zhu X ADVenosa amp MT Suidan 2004 Literature review on the use of commercial bioremediation for clean up ofoil-contaminated estuarine environments EPAJ6001R-04075
October 218
combination
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
Petroleum hydrocarbons biodegradation by consortium culture bacteria
of a consortium of bacterial culture significantly bacteria and the percentage of oil degradation The bacterial population
10 (ten) a combination of bacterial culture consortium is pn~sentea
positive spore prodme spore produGe spore
Motifity Motile Non motile Motile Motile Non motile
Positive Positive Positive Negative Negative Negative Negative
Positive Positive Positive Negative Positive Pnsitive Negative
-Glucose Fermentation Negative Positive Negative Positive -Sucrose Fermentation Negative Negative Positive -Lactose Fennentation Negative Negative Negative
Negative Negative Negative -lntloll Production Negative Negative Negative -Urease Produktion Negative Negative Negative -Catalase Production Positive Positive Positive Positive Negative -Metyl red test Positive Negative Negative Negative
Proskauer test Negative Positive Negative -TSl test Negative Positive Positive
test Positive Positive Positive Negative -Nitrat reduction Positive Positive Positive
c-ereus aminavorans sPhaericus
of bacteria influences the number ofbacteria due awgeOly due to a synergistic interaction
bullt+1shy T1 are grown together in a single QmallUltIveJy different from the
Qelnmern m~dium
var rotans~ This is due to a - -~ - vrlPTTl
(1998) cell growth is at Pseudomonas causes an aS5oCIatlOn
Il~ility ~C ~lllt cC~~iIlllt~on of tlllt cannot be done alone The hydrocarbon source can be derived from a fraction of the breakdown of the breakdown of hydrocarbons by the other bacteria
Proceedings ofthe International Seminar Pal embang 2011 215
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
bacteria requires a specific substrate Some bacteria interact beneficially with each other in the form of consortium
The percentage of biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons is greater by using consortia of bacterial culture compared to usmg a single cuiture This is because the bacteria used in degrading waste oil typically have higher ability if used as a consortium culture Consortium cultures have a more complete profile of enzymes than a single culture According to Mukred et al (2008) hydrocarbon compounds which are iighter and simpler can be degraded earlier at an early stage by a
Table 3 The average bacterial population and the percentage of petroleum degradation of to combinations of consortium cultures
No Consortium cultures Bacterial population (cfumL) Petroleum degradation () 1 B24 + B25 + B29 19107 a 9113 cd
72 Bzl + Bz4 + Bz9 2910 b 8995 abed 3 B20 + B21 + B24 37107 e 9004 abed 4 B20 + B25 + B29 39107 c 8962 abc 5 B21 + B24 + Bzj 51107 d 9059 bed 6 B20 + B24 + B25 52107 de 9152 d 7 B20+B21+B29 57107 de 8881 a 8 B20+B24+B29 62107 de 8979 abc 9 B21+ B25 +B29 66107 ef 8952 ab 10 B20 + B2l + B25 81107 f 9186 d
Notes the numbers followed by the same small letters on the same column show no signIficance difference according DNMRT (a = 5) B20 Alcaligenes jaecalis B2l Pseudomonas alcaligenes 824 Bacillus cereus 825 Bacillus aminovorans B29 Bacillus sphaericus var rotans
bacterial culture then the compounds which have not been degraded in the early stages are degraded by the second culture and so on According Kanaly amp Harayama (1995) and Nugroho (2006) the composition of complex compounds such as petroleum hydrocarbons cause a single species of bacteria to be unable to degrade all the components of petroleum because each species of bacteria require a specific substrate Some bacteria which interact mutually beneficially with one another in the forin of a consortium have a highly beneficial role during the degradation process of petroleum hydrocarbons
The combination treatment of consortium culture which produces high percentage of degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons is a combination of AlcaTigenes jaecalis Pseudomonas alcaligenes and Bacillus aminovorans Alcaligenes faecalis Bacillus cereus and Bacillus aminovorans l Pseudomonas alcaligenes Bacillus cereuss and Bacillus aminovorans Pseudomonas alcaligenes Bacillus cereus and Bacillus aminovorans Alcaligenes jaecalis Pseudomonas alcaligenes ana Bacillus cereUS SeqUentiallY the aVerage percentages of degradation of perroletiili hydrocarbons are as follows 9186915291139059 and 9004 (Table 3) It is allegedly due to the fact that the genus Bacillus Pseudomonas and Alcaligenes are able to degrade petroleum hydrocarbons from low molecular weight to high molecular weight resulting in a high percentage of degradation According to Alexander (1977) genus Bacillus and Pseudomonas are capable of degrading petroleum hydrocarbons with low molecular weight such as ethane propane and butane and the petroleum hydrocarbons with high molecular weight such as aromatic hydrocarbons phenol naphthalene and antrasena According to Atlas amp Bartha (1998) the genus of Pseudomonas can grow and degrade petroleum hydrocarbons chain CW C36 According to Desai amp Vyas (2006) the genus Bacillus Pseudomonas and Alcaligenes are able to degrade saturated hydrocarbons monoaromatic hydrocarbons and polyaromatic hydrocarbons According to Zhu et al (2004) the genus Pseudomonas and Alcaligenes are bacterial consortium cultures which are able to degrade the components of petroleum hydrocarbons alkanes with carbon chain C20-C25 Presumably because of the differences in the ability of each genus in degrading petroleum hydrocarbons so that the hydrocarbon components of the low the medium and the high molecular weight can be degraded According to
hnceedings othe Internatioiwi Serrrindr Palembang 2()22 October 2011 216
Santoso DSB2006Hasil inventarisasi dan identifIkasi mangrove Prnnini
Kepulauan Belitung Buku I (buku PT Multima Krida P MMuiyono D dan ESantoso 2002 sulfonat
dalam bioremediasi limbah bumL 11(011
EKardena Ratnaningsih and Wisjnuprapto 2006 Improving the efectiveness of crude-oil hrlrultgtrlrAn hrlraquo1ltgtt1gtru employing Azotobacter Chroococcum co-inocuJant Faculty of Padjadjaran University 1-16 AD200S Multi-proses remediasi dalam penanganan (Oil di perairan laut dan
pesisir Seminar Bioremediasi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Mulawarman 16 MRRldho2008 RehabilitaSi Hutan Mangrove Studi Modeling Bioremediasi
Mengj~unakm Agen untuk Bahan di Hutan Mangrove Wilayah Propinsi Sumatera Selatan
Zhu X ADVenosa amp MT Suidan 2004 Literature review on the use of commercial bioremediation for clean up ofoil-contaminated estuarine environments EPAJ6001R-04075
October 218
ISBN 978-979-98938-5-7
bacteria requires a specific substrate Some bacteria interact beneficially with each other in the form of consortium
The percentage of biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons is greater by using consortia of bacterial culture compared to usmg a single cuiture This is because the bacteria used in degrading waste oil typically have higher ability if used as a consortium culture Consortium cultures have a more complete profile of enzymes than a single culture According to Mukred et al (2008) hydrocarbon compounds which are iighter and simpler can be degraded earlier at an early stage by a
Table 3 The average bacterial population and the percentage of petroleum degradation of to combinations of consortium cultures
No Consortium cultures Bacterial population (cfumL) Petroleum degradation () 1 B24 + B25 + B29 19107 a 9113 cd
72 Bzl + Bz4 + Bz9 2910 b 8995 abed 3 B20 + B21 + B24 37107 e 9004 abed 4 B20 + B25 + B29 39107 c 8962 abc 5 B21 + B24 + Bzj 51107 d 9059 bed 6 B20 + B24 + B25 52107 de 9152 d 7 B20+B21+B29 57107 de 8881 a 8 B20+B24+B29 62107 de 8979 abc 9 B21+ B25 +B29 66107 ef 8952 ab 10 B20 + B2l + B25 81107 f 9186 d
Notes the numbers followed by the same small letters on the same column show no signIficance difference according DNMRT (a = 5) B20 Alcaligenes jaecalis B2l Pseudomonas alcaligenes 824 Bacillus cereus 825 Bacillus aminovorans B29 Bacillus sphaericus var rotans
bacterial culture then the compounds which have not been degraded in the early stages are degraded by the second culture and so on According Kanaly amp Harayama (1995) and Nugroho (2006) the composition of complex compounds such as petroleum hydrocarbons cause a single species of bacteria to be unable to degrade all the components of petroleum because each species of bacteria require a specific substrate Some bacteria which interact mutually beneficially with one another in the forin of a consortium have a highly beneficial role during the degradation process of petroleum hydrocarbons
The combination treatment of consortium culture which produces high percentage of degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons is a combination of AlcaTigenes jaecalis Pseudomonas alcaligenes and Bacillus aminovorans Alcaligenes faecalis Bacillus cereus and Bacillus aminovorans l Pseudomonas alcaligenes Bacillus cereuss and Bacillus aminovorans Pseudomonas alcaligenes Bacillus cereus and Bacillus aminovorans Alcaligenes jaecalis Pseudomonas alcaligenes ana Bacillus cereUS SeqUentiallY the aVerage percentages of degradation of perroletiili hydrocarbons are as follows 9186915291139059 and 9004 (Table 3) It is allegedly due to the fact that the genus Bacillus Pseudomonas and Alcaligenes are able to degrade petroleum hydrocarbons from low molecular weight to high molecular weight resulting in a high percentage of degradation According to Alexander (1977) genus Bacillus and Pseudomonas are capable of degrading petroleum hydrocarbons with low molecular weight such as ethane propane and butane and the petroleum hydrocarbons with high molecular weight such as aromatic hydrocarbons phenol naphthalene and antrasena According to Atlas amp Bartha (1998) the genus of Pseudomonas can grow and degrade petroleum hydrocarbons chain CW C36 According to Desai amp Vyas (2006) the genus Bacillus Pseudomonas and Alcaligenes are able to degrade saturated hydrocarbons monoaromatic hydrocarbons and polyaromatic hydrocarbons According to Zhu et al (2004) the genus Pseudomonas and Alcaligenes are bacterial consortium cultures which are able to degrade the components of petroleum hydrocarbons alkanes with carbon chain C20-C25 Presumably because of the differences in the ability of each genus in degrading petroleum hydrocarbons so that the hydrocarbon components of the low the medium and the high molecular weight can be degraded According to
hnceedings othe Internatioiwi Serrrindr Palembang 2()22 October 2011 216
Santoso DSB2006Hasil inventarisasi dan identifIkasi mangrove Prnnini
Kepulauan Belitung Buku I (buku PT Multima Krida P MMuiyono D dan ESantoso 2002 sulfonat
dalam bioremediasi limbah bumL 11(011
EKardena Ratnaningsih and Wisjnuprapto 2006 Improving the efectiveness of crude-oil hrlrultgtrlrAn hrlraquo1ltgtt1gtru employing Azotobacter Chroococcum co-inocuJant Faculty of Padjadjaran University 1-16 AD200S Multi-proses remediasi dalam penanganan (Oil di perairan laut dan
pesisir Seminar Bioremediasi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Mulawarman 16 MRRldho2008 RehabilitaSi Hutan Mangrove Studi Modeling Bioremediasi
Mengj~unakm Agen untuk Bahan di Hutan Mangrove Wilayah Propinsi Sumatera Selatan
Zhu X ADVenosa amp MT Suidan 2004 Literature review on the use of commercial bioremediation for clean up ofoil-contaminated estuarine environments EPAJ6001R-04075
October 218
Santoso DSB2006Hasil inventarisasi dan identifIkasi mangrove Prnnini
Kepulauan Belitung Buku I (buku PT Multima Krida P MMuiyono D dan ESantoso 2002 sulfonat
dalam bioremediasi limbah bumL 11(011
EKardena Ratnaningsih and Wisjnuprapto 2006 Improving the efectiveness of crude-oil hrlrultgtrlrAn hrlraquo1ltgtt1gtru employing Azotobacter Chroococcum co-inocuJant Faculty of Padjadjaran University 1-16 AD200S Multi-proses remediasi dalam penanganan (Oil di perairan laut dan
pesisir Seminar Bioremediasi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Mulawarman 16 MRRldho2008 RehabilitaSi Hutan Mangrove Studi Modeling Bioremediasi
Mengj~unakm Agen untuk Bahan di Hutan Mangrove Wilayah Propinsi Sumatera Selatan
Zhu X ADVenosa amp MT Suidan 2004 Literature review on the use of commercial bioremediation for clean up ofoil-contaminated estuarine environments EPAJ6001R-04075
October 218
