Upload
randy-ismail-toki
View
226
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
7/23/2019 (10) POLITENESS & INTERACTION.ppt
1/33
Faculty of LanguagesFaculty of LanguagesWidyatamaWidyatamaUniversityUniversity
Politeness & Interaction
yuleEnglish Department Faculty of Languages
Universitas Widyatma Bandung
7/23/2019 (10) POLITENESS & INTERACTION.ppt
2/33
Faculty of LanguagesFaculty of LanguagesWidyatamaWidyatamaUniversityUniversity
A linguistic interaction is
inevitably a social interaction.
Politeness & interaction
7/23/2019 (10) POLITENESS & INTERACTION.ppt
3/33
Faculty of LanguagesFaculty of LanguagesWidyatamaWidyatamaUniversityUniversity
To make sense of what is said in an
interaction,
- look at various factors which relate to
social distance and closeness!"ome of these factors are esta#lished$rior to an interaction and thus arelargely e%ternal factors
!Involve the relative status of the$artici$ants, #ased on social values suchas age and $ower
Politeness & interaction
7/23/2019 (10) POLITENESS & INTERACTION.ppt
4/33
Faculty of LanguagesFaculty of LanguagesWidyatamaWidyatamaUniversityUniversity
- We take $art in a wide range of interactionsmostly with strangers' where the socialdistance determined by external factors isdominant.
- Internal factor such as amount ofimposition or degree of friendliness canresult in the initial social distancechanging and being mark as less, and
more during the course of the interaction
Politeness & interaction
7/23/2019 (10) POLITENESS & INTERACTION.ppt
5/33
Faculty of LanguagesFaculty of LanguagesWidyatamaWidyatamaUniversityUniversity
Politeness & interaction
7/23/2019 (10) POLITENESS & INTERACTION.ppt
6/33
Faculty of LanguagesFaculty of LanguagesWidyatamaWidyatamaUniversityUniversity
lower status tend to mark socialdistance
higher status tend to use addressforms include a title and a lastname
Politeness & interaction
7/23/2019 (10) POLITENESS & INTERACTION.ppt
7/33
Faculty of LanguagesFaculty of LanguagesWidyatamaWidyatamaUniversityUniversity
!The Inter$retation of what is utteredusually goes #eyond what wasintended to #e e%$ressed, and
includes evaluations in terms of$oliteness Therefore, one can clearlyo#serve that much more iscommunicated than is said during a
sociolinguistic interaction (ule,)**+'
7/23/2019 (10) POLITENESS & INTERACTION.ppt
8/33
Faculty of LanguagesFaculty of LanguagesWidyatamaWidyatamaUniversityUniversity
! rown and Levinson )*.' suggest thata need to #e $olite is common to allcultures
Politeness
7/23/2019 (10) POLITENESS & INTERACTION.ppt
9/33
Faculty of LanguagesFaculty of LanguagesWidyatamaWidyatamaUniversityUniversity
! In a common sense/
eing $olite showing good manners andconsideration for other $eo$le eg o$en
the door for a lady, give your seat to anelderly $erson in $u#lic trans$ort'
! Linguistic $oliteness/ the way $eo$le
choose to s$eak and how the hearersreact to their s$eech
Politeness
7/23/2019 (10) POLITENESS & INTERACTION.ppt
10/33
Faculty of LanguagesFaculty of LanguagesWidyatamaWidyatamaUniversityUniversity
rown and Levinson )*.' haveconcluded that, in order to enter intosocial relationshi$s, all $eo$le mustacknowledge the face of other people.
As a technical term, face means thepublic self-image of a $erson It refersto that emotional and social sense of selfthat every one has and e%$ectseveryone else to recogni0e
T12 34532PT 4F F632
7/23/2019 (10) POLITENESS & INTERACTION.ppt
11/33
Faculty of LanguagesFaculty of LanguagesWidyatamaWidyatamaUniversityUniversity
In an interaction, can #e de7ned asthe means em$loyed to showawareness of another $erson8s faceIn this sense, P4LIT252"" can #eaccom$lished in situations of socialdistance or closeness
7/23/2019 (10) POLITENESS & INTERACTION.ppt
12/33
Faculty of LanguagesFaculty of LanguagesWidyatamaWidyatamaUniversityUniversity
! "howing awareness for another$erson8s face when that other seemssocially distance is often descri#ed interms of res$ect and deference
! "howing the e9uivalence awarenesswhen that other is socially close isoften descri#ed in terms of
friendliness, camaraderie, orsolidarity
7/23/2019 (10) POLITENESS & INTERACTION.ppt
13/33
Faculty of LanguagesFaculty of LanguagesWidyatamaWidyatamaUniversityUniversity
7/23/2019 (10) POLITENESS & INTERACTION.ppt
14/33
Faculty of LanguagesFaculty of LanguagesWidyatamaWidyatamaUniversityUniversity
7/23/2019 (10) POLITENESS & INTERACTION.ppt
15/33
Faculty of LanguagesFaculty of LanguagesWidyatamaWidyatamaUniversityUniversity
! Peo$le usually #ehave as if theire%$ectations concerning their $u#lic self-image, or their face wants, will #eres$ected
! If a s$eaker says something thatre$resents a threat to another individual8se%$ectations regarding self image, it isdescri#ed as face threatening act,
!The s$eaker can say something to lessenthe $ossi#le threat This called a facesaving act
Face wants
7/23/2019 (10) POLITENESS & INTERACTION.ppt
16/33
Faculty of LanguagesFaculty of LanguagesWidyatamaWidyatamaUniversityUniversity
7/23/2019 (10) POLITENESS & INTERACTION.ppt
17/33
Faculty of LanguagesFaculty of LanguagesWidyatamaWidyatamaUniversityUniversity
7/23/2019 (10) POLITENESS & INTERACTION.ppt
18/33
Faculty of LanguagesFaculty of LanguagesWidyatamaWidyatamaUniversityUniversity
7/23/2019 (10) POLITENESS & INTERACTION.ppt
19/33
Faculty of LanguagesFaculty of LanguagesWidyatamaWidyatamaUniversityUniversity
sasmi farida: "2;65TI3"
7/23/2019 (10) POLITENESS & INTERACTION.ppt
20/33
Faculty of LanguagesFaculty of LanguagesWidyatamaWidyatamaUniversityUniversity
sasmi farida: "2;65TI3"
7/23/2019 (10) POLITENESS & INTERACTION.ppt
21/33
Faculty of LanguagesFaculty of LanguagesWidyatamaWidyatamaUniversityUniversity
! "omeone face can #e challenged into two! 2ither #y telling him what to do, which
im$lies the s$eaker has $ower over him,or
! y showing you disagree with or do nota$$reciate his values or #eliefs
! If you challenge someone8s face, they willchallenge you #ack
! We use $oliteness with other $eo$le, sothat they will not attack us
sasmi farida: "2;65TI3"
7/23/2019 (10) POLITENESS & INTERACTION.ppt
22/33
Faculty of LanguagesFaculty of LanguagesWidyatamaWidyatamaUniversityUniversity
! We have to make a choice and $rovide a#alance #etween getting a messageacross directly, which might challengesomeone, or
!
7/23/2019 (10) POLITENESS & INTERACTION.ppt
23/33
Faculty of LanguagesFaculty of LanguagesWidyatamaWidyatamaUniversityUniversity
! Peo$le can choose #etween a variety of
e%$ressions which show varying degreesof $oliteness and face shaving FrancescaPridahma =>>)/?@'
!The straight command/Ashut the doorBAdoes not res$ect a $erson8s right to havecontrol over their own #ody Cirectcommand like this only issued #y su$erior
to inferior!
7/23/2019 (10) POLITENESS & INTERACTION.ppt
24/33
Faculty of LanguagesFaculty of LanguagesWidyatamaWidyatamaUniversityUniversity
To avoid rudeness, $oliteness factors hve
introduced into the language,D2%am$les/
- Please/ E"hut the door $leaseA
- 1edges/ Eif it isn8t too much troul#eA- 3ommand hidden as 9uestion/ E3ould you
$ass the salt $leaseA
- Using $rovisional language to im$lynegotiation if $ossi#le e,g/ if, would, andcan
sasmi farida: "2;65TI3"
7/23/2019 (10) POLITENESS & INTERACTION.ppt
25/33
Faculty of LanguagesFaculty of LanguagesWidyatamaWidyatamaUniversityUniversity
!The num#er of hedges or $oliteness factors in
a re9uest or command is in $ro$ortion to theamount that the s$eaker feels she or he isim$osing to the listener:
EIt wouldn8t #e too much trou#le, I mean if you
don8t mind, I would #e grateful if you8d ty$ethis letterA, therefore seems ridiculous#ecause there are too much $oliteness factorsused in relation to the diculty of the task
! "ometimes, to save face, the s$eaker makesthe re9uest as im$ersonal and as indirect egEif this letter was ty$e, I would very gratefulA
sasmi farida: "2;65TI3"
7/23/2019 (10) POLITENESS & INTERACTION.ppt
26/33
Faculty of LanguagesFaculty of LanguagesWidyatamaWidyatamaUniversityUniversity
sasmi farida: "2;65TI3"
7/23/2019 (10) POLITENESS & INTERACTION.ppt
27/33
Faculty of LanguagesFaculty of LanguagesWidyatamaWidyatamaUniversityUniversity
sasmi farida: "2;65TI3"
F l f L
7/23/2019 (10) POLITENESS & INTERACTION.ppt
28/33
Faculty of LanguagesFaculty of LanguagesWidyatamaWidyatamaUniversityUniversity
"ay nothing
4ne way to see the relevance of therelationshi$ #etween these $olitenessconce$ts and language use is to take a
single s$eech event and ma$ out thediGerent inter$retations associated withdiGerent $ossi#le e%$resions used withinthat event
Self= youOther:
Person next
to you
F l f LF lt f L
7/23/2019 (10) POLITENESS & INTERACTION.ppt
29/33
Faculty of LanguagesFaculty of LanguagesWidyatamaWidyatamaUniversityUniversity
"ay something4G Hecord
2ven if you decide to say something, youdont actually have to ask for anything
These statements are not directlyaddressed to the other
Its too cold in hereA
F lt f LF lt f L
7/23/2019 (10) POLITENESS & INTERACTION.ppt
30/33
Faculty of LanguagesFaculty of LanguagesWidyatamaWidyatamaUniversityUniversity
"ay something! 4n Hecord
These statements are directly addressedthe other as a means of e%$ressing your
needsald on record/ Cirectly asked ;itigating devices
- 3lose the window Would youJ- Lend me a $en Please?
F lt f LFacult of Languages
7/23/2019 (10) POLITENESS & INTERACTION.ppt
31/33
Faculty of LanguagesFaculty of LanguagesWidyatamaWidyatamaUniversityUniversity
"ummary
! eing nice to other $eo$le
! Linguistic $oliteness studies Kface8
! In $ragmatics your face is your $u#lic self-
image! Politeness is showing awareness and
consideration to another $erson8s facr
sasmi farida: "2;65TI3"
Faculty of LanguagesFaculty of Languages
7/23/2019 (10) POLITENESS & INTERACTION.ppt
32/33
Faculty of LanguagesFaculty of LanguagesWidyatamaWidyatamaUniversityUniversity
Faculty of LanguagesFaculty of Languages
7/23/2019 (10) POLITENESS & INTERACTION.ppt
33/33
Faculty of LanguagesFaculty of LanguagesWidyatamaWidyatamaUniversityUniversity
!2nd of lecture