ENTOMOLOGY

INTRODUCTION

2015/3/19 Even semester 2014/2015

ISNA INDRAWATI DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY-PARASITOLOGY

MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY

• is the study of insects and their relationship to diseases

• More than 750,000 species of insects have been identified

• ± 10,000 are harmful to humans.

2015/3/19 Even semester 2014/2015

Morphology

• Invertebrate

• Segmented bodies

• Bilateral symmetry

• Paired, segmented appendages

• exoskeleton : a tough compound called chitin to protect the inner organs and support the body.

2015/3/19 Even semester 2014/2015

Morphology

• Insects are grouped by their mouth parts

different mouth parts:

–Sponging : Musca (house flies)

–Siphoning (Lepidoptera)

–Cutting –lapping (Sarcophaga)

–Chewing : Cockroach

–Piercing- sucking : Mosquitoes

2015/3/19 Even semester 2014/2015

2015/3/19 Even semester 2014/2015

Source: www.en.wikipedia.com

2015/3/19 Even semester 2014/2015

LIFE CYCLE

2015/3/19 Even semester 2014/2015

METAMORPHOSIS EGGS ADULT

HORMONES : • JUVENILE • ECDYSON

Source: www.entu.cas.cz

2015/3/19 Even semester 2014/2015

Metamorphosis : Complete

• Eggs – larva – pupa – Adult

• There are significant difference in morphology and biology difference in habitat and food resources, example:

•Diptera ,

•Coleoptera

• Siphonaptera,

• Hymenoptera,

• Lepidoptera

2015/3/19 Even semester 2014/2015

Metamorphosis : Incomplete • Eggs – nymph(larva) - nymph – Adult

• There are no significant difference in morphology and biology between the stages

• Example: Class Insect : Order Anoplura,

Hemiptera, Orthoptera

Class Arachnida

Class Crustacea

Class Chilopoda

Class Diploda

2015/3/19 Even semester 2014/2015

2015/3/19 Even semester 2014/2015

The importance of arthropods

1. Transmit diseases / vector

2015/3/19 Even semester 2014/2015

Method of transmission

1. Mechanical:

• transmits the infective organisms from one host to another by the bodypart of the artropods

• not essential to the life cycle of the parasite.

Example: house flies (M.domestica) transmitted cyst of E.histolytica

2015/3/19 Even semester 2014/2015

2. Biological vector

• the infecting organism develops or multiplies before becoming infective to the recipient individual:

oPropagative : Yersinia in Xenopsylla cheopis

oCyclico-propagative : Plasmodium in Anopheles

oCyclico-developmental : Filaria in the mosquito (Mansonia)

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3. Transovarian:

the microrganism transmitted congenitally (vertical), example:

–Rickettsia tsutsugamushi in trombiculid mites

2015/3/19 Even semester 2014/2015

Mode of infection

• The way the pathogens entering the human’s body :

• Anterior-inoculative

• Posterior contaminative

• Crushing

2015/3/19 Even semester 2014/2015

2. As Intermediate host

• Potamon : intermediate host of Paragonimus westermani

• Cyclops : Intermediate host of Gnathostoma and Dracunculus medinensis

• Tenebrio : intermediate host of Hymenolepis diminuta

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3. Etiologic agent of disease

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Source : www.bpac.org.nz

Source : www.trachomacoalition.org

4. Toxin and allergic reactions

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From: wtcampaign.wordpress.com

From: www.ciriscience.org

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Spider bites (from: firstaid.about.com)

Scorpion sting (from: phoenix.about.com)

5. Entomophobia

• A persistent irrational fear of and compelling desire to avoid insects, mites, spider or similar phobic object.

2015/3/19 Even semester 2014/2015 From: www.cartoonstock.com)

From:www.flckr.com)

Classification

2015/3/19 Even semester 2014/2015

AR

TH

RO

PO

DS

INSECTA

ARACHNIDA

CRUSTACEA

CHILOPODA

DIPLOPODA

2015/3/19 Even semester 2014/2015

Thank You

WASSALAMU’ALAIKUM WRWB

2015/3/19 Even semester 2014/2015