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10 lectures
Mo 3 pm Mon 3 pm
Tue 3 pm Tue 3 pm
Wed 3 pm ( 2 x 45 ) Wed 3 pm ( 2 x 45)
Thu 3 pm Thu 3 pm
Fri 3 pm
1. Quantum Physics1. Quantum Physics
2. Quantum Theory2. Quantum Theory
3. Dirac equation – gauge theories3. Dirac equation – gauge theories
4. Isospin, SU(3), quarks4. Isospin, SU(3), quarks
5. SSB and electroweak interactions5. SSB and electroweak interactions
6. Flavor mixing and CP-violation6. Flavor mixing and CP-violation
7. QCD7. QCD
8. Grand unification8. Grand unification
9. Composite weak bosons 9. Composite weak bosons
10. F10. Fundamental constantsundamental constants
theorystring
nUnificatioGrand
bosonsgaugeleptonsquarks
nucleiatomic
moleculesandatoms
systemsclassical
Matter consists Matter consists of atoms of atoms (===> (===> „atomos“)„atomos“)
Atoms in Atoms in chemistrychemistry
OH 2
molecules
amdt
vdm
dt
FF
F
jF
0
19081908Hermann MinkowskiHermann Minkowski
time t => icttime t => ict
four-dimensional space-timefour-dimensional space-timeLorentz transformations Lorentz transformations
=> fourdimensional => fourdimensional rotationsrotations
-- Minkowski space-time ---- Minkowski space-time --
19161916
EinsteinEinstein
Theory of Theory of General General
RelativityRelativity
the Minkowski the Minkowski space-time is flat.space-time is flat.
gravity describes thegravity describes thecurvature of space-timecurvature of space-time
strong gravity field =>strong gravity field =>large curvature.large curvature.
23490
23892 ThU
:decaybeta
eepn
December 14, December 14, 1900:1900:
lecture of lecture of Max Planck at the Max Planck at the Physical Society Physical Society in Berlinin Berlin
Energy ofEnergy of black body black body radiationradiation
==>>“quanta“ ==>>“quanta“
Photo effect: Photo effect: metals absorb light and emit electronsmetals absorb light and emit electrons
Philipp Lenard:Philipp Lenard:energy of the electrons depends only energy of the electrons depends only on the frequency, not on the intensityon the frequency, not on the intensity
hphotonofenergy
interaction of interaction of electron electron
with photon:with photon:
=> electric charge e=> electric charge e- coupling constant for - coupling constant for the electromagnetic the electromagnetic
interaction - interaction -
hce /22
Arnold Arnold Sommerfeld, Sommerfeld, 19161916
fine-structure constant hce /22
=0.00729735253
137
12
ch
e
nucleus
electrons
stableorbits
only discrete orbits are allowed - only discrete orbits are allowed - on these orbits no energy is emitted. on these orbits no energy is emitted.
=> stationary orbits=> stationary orbits
transitions from one discrete transitions from one discrete orbit orbit to another one is possibleto another one is possible
emission of a specific emission of a specific energy energy
model of Bohrmodel of Bohr
L. de Broglie:L. de Broglie: „ „particles“ particles“ are particles are particles and waves at and waves at the same the same time - as lighttime - as light
uncertainty in location
hpx
Uncertainty between energy and Uncertainty between energy and time: time:
uncertainty relation uncertainty relation follows follows
from the exact relation:from the exact relation:
hixi
hxpx
,,
.
wave functions of hydrogen
David HilbertUniversity of Göttingen~ 1929
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
),(
zyx
Vm
hH
trHt
hi
simplest model: a particle between two walls
2. nhconstEn
2. xconstV
2 2
2 28
h dE V
m dx
4/0 hE
2/)2
1( hnEn
...0E
