10.10.ENTERPRISEENTERPRISENETWORKINGNETWORKING

&&THE INTERNETTHE INTERNET

10.1

INFORMATION SYSTEMINFORMATION SYSTEMINFORMATION SYSTEMINFORMATION SYSTEM

INFORMATION INFORMATION

SYSTEMSYSTEM

BUSINESS BUSINESS

CHALLENGECHALLENGE

BUSINESS BUSINESS

SOLUTIONSSOLUTIONS

MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT

INFORMATIONINFORMATION

TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY

ORGANIZATIONORGANIZATION

10.2

COMPLETE CHANGE OF MINDSETCOMPLETE CHANGE OF MINDSET

SUCCESSFUL INTERNET BUSINESS MODELSUCCESSFUL INTERNET BUSINESS MODEL

CENTRALIZATION VS. DECENTRALIZATIONCENTRALIZATION VS. DECENTRALIZATION

ENTERPRISE NETWORKENTERPRISE NETWORK

• HARDWARE; SOFTWARE; HARDWARE; SOFTWARE; TELECOMMUNICATIONS, DATA TELECOMMUNICATIONS, DATA RESOURCESRESOURCES

• MORE COMPUTING POWER ON THE MORE COMPUTING POWER ON THE DESKTOPDESKTOP

• NETWORK LINKING SMALLER NETWORK LINKING SMALLER NETWORKSNETWORKS

**10.3

INTERNETWORKINGINTERNETWORKING

• LINK NETWORKSLINK NETWORKS

• EACH RETAINS IDENTITYEACH RETAINS IDENTITY

• INTO INTERCONNECTED NETWORKINTO INTERCONNECTED NETWORK

**

10.4

CLIENT / SERVER MODELCLIENT / SERVER MODEL

SPLITS PROCESSINGSPLITS PROCESSING

• CLIENTCLIENT

• SERVERSERVER

**

10.5

CLIENTCLIENT• USER POINT - OF - ENTRYUSER POINT - OF - ENTRY• COMPUTER / WORKSTATION / LAPTOPCOMPUTER / WORKSTATION / LAPTOP• USER INTERACTS WITH CLIENTUSER INTERACTS WITH CLIENT• THRU GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE THRU GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE

(GUI)(GUI)• ENTER & RETRIEVE DATAENTER & RETRIEVE DATA• ANALYZE & REPORTANALYZE & REPORT

**

10.6

SERVERSERVER

• COMPUTER SATISFIES USER’S COMPUTER SATISFIES USER’S NEEDSNEEDS

• NOT VISIBLE TO USERNOT VISIBLE TO USER

• PROCESSINGPROCESSING

• ACCESS TO DATABASESACCESS TO DATABASES

**

10.7

TYPES OF CLIENT/SERVER TYPES OF CLIENT/SERVER COMPUTINGCOMPUTING

• Distributed PresentationDistributed Presentation

• Remote PresentationRemote Presentation

• Distributed LogicDistributed Logic

• Remote Data ManagementRemote Data Management

• Distributed DatabaseDistributed Database

**

10.8

INTERNET SERVICE INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDER (ISP)PROVIDER (ISP)

COMMERCIAL ORGANIZATIONCOMMERCIAL ORGANIZATION

WITH PERMANENT CONNECTION TO WITH PERMANENT CONNECTION TO INTERNETINTERNET

SELLS TEMPORARY CONNECTIONS SELLS TEMPORARY CONNECTIONS TO SUBSCRIBERSTO SUBSCRIBERS

**

10.9

CAPABILITYCAPABILITY FUNCTIONS SUPPORTEDFUNCTIONS SUPPORTED

E -MAILE -MAIL PERSON -TO-PERSON MESSAGING; DOCUMENT SHARINGPERSON -TO-PERSON MESSAGING; DOCUMENT SHARING

USERNET NEWSGROUPSUSERNET NEWSGROUPS ELECTRONIC BULLETIN BOARDSELECTRONIC BULLETIN BOARDS

CHATTINGCHATTING INTERACTIVE CONVERSATIONSINTERACTIVE CONVERSATIONS

TELNETTELNET LOG ON ONE COMPUTER, WORK ON ANOTHERLOG ON ONE COMPUTER, WORK ON ANOTHER

GOPHERSGOPHERS LOCATE TEXT USING HIERARCHY OF MENUSLOCATE TEXT USING HIERARCHY OF MENUS

ARCHIEARCHIE SEARCH DATABASES FOR FILES AVAILABLE FOR DOWNLOADINGSEARCH DATABASES FOR FILES AVAILABLE FOR DOWNLOADING

WAISWAIS LOCATE FILES IN DATABASES USING KEYSLOCATE FILES IN DATABASES USING KEYS

FTPFTP TRANSFER FILES FROM COMPUTER TO COMPUTERTRANSFER FILES FROM COMPUTER TO COMPUTER

WORLD WIDE WEBWORLD WIDE WEB HYPERTEXT LINKS TO RETRIEVE/FORMAT/DISPLAY INFORMATIONHYPERTEXT LINKS TO RETRIEVE/FORMAT/DISPLAY INFORMATION

INTERNET CAPABILITIESINTERNET CAPABILITIESINTERNET CAPABILITIESINTERNET CAPABILITIES

10.10

INTERNET ADDRESSINTERNET ADDRESS

ggalileo@univpisa.edu.it

INDIVIDUAL OR INDIVIDUAL OR ORGANIZATION NAMEORGANIZATION NAME

HOST HOST COMPUTERCOMPUTER

LOCATIONLOCATION

DOMAINDOMAIN

10.11

PEOPLE-TO-PEOPLE COMMUNICATIONPEOPLE-TO-PEOPLE COMMUNICATION

• E-MAIL: E-MAIL: International “Post Office”International “Post Office”• USENETUSENET: On-line Forums on a Topic: On-line Forums on a Topic• LISTSERV: LISTSERV: e-mail Discussion Groupse-mail Discussion Groups• CHATTING: CHATTING: Live, Interactive Live, Interactive

ConversationsConversations• ““FLAMING”: FLAMING”: Rude, Discourteous BehaviorRude, Discourteous Behavior

**

10.12

RETRIEVAL ON THE INTERNETRETRIEVAL ON THE INTERNET

• FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL (FTP):FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL (FTP):Easy Tool for Easy Tool for Transferring Remote FilesTransferring Remote Files

• ARCHIE: ARCHIE: Tool for Key-word Searches of Databases; Tool for Key-word Searches of Databases; Provides File NamesProvides File Names

• GOPHER: GOPHER: Character-oriented tool; Locates Text Thru Character-oriented tool; Locates Text Thru Easy-to-use MenusEasy-to-use Menus

• VERONICA: VERONICA: Searches for Key Words in GopherSearches for Key Words in Gopher• WIDE AREA INFORMATION SERVERS WIDE AREA INFORMATION SERVERS (WAIS): Tool for (WAIS): Tool for

Key-word Searches of Databases; Requires Database Key-word Searches of Databases; Requires Database NamesNames

**

10.13

WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)

• STANDARDS TO STORE, RETRIEVE, STANDARDS TO STORE, RETRIEVE, FORMAT, DISPLAY INFORMATIONFORMAT, DISPLAY INFORMATION

• CLIENT-SERVER ARCHITECTURECLIENT-SERVER ARCHITECTURE

• GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACEGRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE

• DYNAMIC LINKS TO OTHER DYNAMIC LINKS TO OTHER DOCUMENTS DOCUMENTS (“hot links”)(“hot links”)

• EXPLOSION IN BUSINESS USEEXPLOSION IN BUSINESS USE

**10.14

WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)

• HYPERTEXT MARKUP LANGUAGE HYPERTEXT MARKUP LANGUAGE (HTML):(HTML):Hypertext Tool to Create Dynamic Hypertext Tool to Create Dynamic Links to Same or Other DocumentsLinks to Same or Other Documents

• BROWSER: BROWSER: Tool Supports Graphics, Tool Supports Graphics, Hyperlinks, to Navigate WebHyperlinks, to Navigate Web

• SEARCH ENGINE: SEARCH ENGINE: Tool for Locating Sites, Tool for Locating Sites, Information on Internet / WWWInformation on Internet / WWW

**

10.15

WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)

• HOME PAGE: HOME PAGE: WWW Text / Graphics WWW Text / Graphics Screen; Welcomes User; Introduces Screen; Welcomes User; Introduces Organization; Starting Screen for Organization; Starting Screen for DocumentDocument

• WEB SITE: WEB SITE: All WWW Pages All WWW Pages Maintained by an Organization.Maintained by an Organization.

**

10.16

WWW NEEDSWWW NEEDS• FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE: FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE:

Consistent Link to Internet / WWWConsistent Link to Internet / WWW• STRUCTURAL ARCHITECTURE: STRUCTURAL ARCHITECTURE:

Internal Arrangements of all FilesInternal Arrangements of all Files• NAVIGATIONAL ARCHITECTURE: NAVIGATIONAL ARCHITECTURE:

Consistent Linkages Within Consistent Linkages Within Document and to OthersDocument and to Others

**

10.17

WWW ADDRESSWWW ADDRESS

http//www.datamation.com

GO TO WEBGO TO WEB

WEB SITE WEB SITE NAMENAME

TYPE OF TYPE OF ORGANIZATIONORGANIZATION

10.18

ELECTRONIC COMMERCEELECTRONIC COMMERCE

• DOING BUSINESS ELECTRONICALLYDOING BUSINESS ELECTRONICALLY• AUTOMATION OF BUSINESS - TO -AUTOMATION OF BUSINESS - TO -

BUSINESS TRANSACTIONSBUSINESS TRANSACTIONS

**

10.19

NEW BUSINESS MODELSNEW BUSINESS MODELS

• CATALOG SITE: CATALOG SITE: Electronic Catalog for Electronic Catalog for On-line SalesOn-line Sales

• ONSALE: ONSALE: On-line auction uses e-mailOn-line auction uses e-mail• ELECTRIC MINDSELECTRIC MINDS: Cyberspace : Cyberspace

Community features Technology & CultureCommunity features Technology & Culture• TRIPOD: TRIPOD: Career Info for College Students Career Info for College Students

**

10.20

INTERNET BENEFITS TO INTERNET BENEFITS TO ORGANIZATIONORGANIZATION

• REDUCES COMMUNICATION COSTSREDUCES COMMUNICATION COSTS

• ENHANCES COMMUNICATION; ENHANCES COMMUNICATION; COORDINATIONCOORDINATION

• ACCELERATES KNOWLEDGE ACCELERATES KNOWLEDGE DISTRIBUTIONDISTRIBUTION

• ELECTRONIC COMMERCEELECTRONIC COMMERCE

10.21

INTRANETINTRANET

• INTERNAL NETWORKINTERNAL NETWORK• WWW TECHNOLOGYWWW TECHNOLOGY• FIREWALL: Security System to Prevent FIREWALL: Security System to Prevent

Invasion of Private NetworksInvasion of Private Networks• OVERCOMES COMPUTER PLATFORM OVERCOMES COMPUTER PLATFORM

DIFFERENCESDIFFERENCES• OFTEN INSTALLED ON EXISTING OFTEN INSTALLED ON EXISTING

NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURENETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE

**10.22

EXTRANETEXTRANET

PRIVATE INTRANET ACCESSIBLE TO PRIVATE INTRANET ACCESSIBLE TO SELECT OUTSIDERSSELECT OUTSIDERS

LINK ORGANIZATION TO LINK ORGANIZATION TO • IMPORTANT CLIENTSIMPORTANT CLIENTS• BUSINESS PARTNERSBUSINESS PARTNERS• TOP EXECUTIVES & BOARD MEMBERSTOP EXECUTIVES & BOARD MEMBERS

**

10.23

APPLICATIONS OF INTRANETS & EXTRANETSAPPLICATIONS OF INTRANETS & EXTRANETS

MANAGEMENT: MANAGEMENT: Regular Progress Reports, Minutes Regular Progress Reports, Minutes of Meetings, Assignmentsof Meetings, Assignments

COMMUNICATION: COMMUNICATION: Group CollaborationGroup Collaboration

REFERENCE: REFERENCE: Access to Manuals, Directories, DataAccess to Manuals, Directories, Data

SALES & MARKETING: SALES & MARKETING: Updates on OrdersUpdates on Orders

PURCHASING: PURCHASING: Check new Products, Catalogs, Place Check new Products, Catalogs, Place OrdersOrders

CUSTOMER SERVICE: CUSTOMER SERVICE: Single Access PointSingle Access Point

HUMAN RESOURCES: HUMAN RESOURCES: Training, PolicyTraining, Policy

**

10.24

BENEFITS & LIMITATIONS OF BENEFITS & LIMITATIONS OF INTRANETS & EXTRANETSINTRANETS & EXTRANETS

BENEFITS: BENEFITS: • Standard Documents Always Current, Standard Documents Always Current,

Available. Less Expensive than PaperAvailable. Less Expensive than Paper• Can Create, Coordinate New DocumentsCan Create, Coordinate New Documents• Virtual ConferencingVirtual Conferencing• Project, Order Tracking SimplifiedProject, Order Tracking Simplified

**

10.25

BENEFITS & LIMITATIONS OF BENEFITS & LIMITATIONS OF INTRANETS & EXTRANETSINTRANETS & EXTRANETS

LIMITATIONS: LIMITATIONS: • Can’t Replace Large TPS Programs (e.g.: Can’t Replace Large TPS Programs (e.g.:

Payroll; Accounting; Production / Payroll; Accounting; Production / Operations; Marketing)Operations; Marketing)

• Too Slow for High-Speed Data TransferToo Slow for High-Speed Data Transfer• Not yet as Functional as GroupwareNot yet as Functional as Groupware• Require Tight Security Control and Careful Require Tight Security Control and Careful

Management PlanningManagement Planning

**

10.26

INTERNET CHALLENGESINTERNET CHALLENGES• SECURITY: Exposure to Thieves & Vandals; SECURITY: Exposure to Thieves & Vandals;

Hackers Steal, Use Passwords; Not Yet Safe Hackers Steal, Use Passwords; Not Yet Safe for Large Business Transactionsfor Large Business Transactions

• TECHNOLOGY: Lack of Uniform Standards; TECHNOLOGY: Lack of Uniform Standards; Transfer of Graphics, Video can be CostlyTransfer of Graphics, Video can be Costly

• LEGAL ISSUES: Need More Laws LEGAL ISSUES: Need More Laws Governing Electronic Commerce; Are e-mail Governing Electronic Commerce; Are e-mail Contracts, Electronic Signatures Legal?Contracts, Electronic Signatures Legal?

**

10.27

CONNECTIVITYCONNECTIVITY

MEASURE OF ABILITY OF COMPUTING MEASURE OF ABILITY OF COMPUTING DEVICES TO PASS & SHARE DEVICES TO PASS & SHARE

INFORMATION WITHOUT HUMAN INFORMATION WITHOUT HUMAN INTERVENTIONINTERVENTION

OPEN SYSTEMS: Software Able to OPEN SYSTEMS: Software Able to Function on Different Computer Function on Different Computer Platforms. Nonproprietary Operating Platforms. Nonproprietary Operating Systems, Applications, ProtocolsSystems, Applications, Protocols

**10.28

CONNECTIVITY FOR NETWORKSCONNECTIVITY FOR NETWORKS• REFERENCE MODEL: REFERENCE MODEL: Generic Framework Generic Framework

for Thinking About a Problemfor Thinking About a Problem

• PROTOCOL: PROTOCOL: Statement of How Specific Statement of How Specific Task will be PerformedTask will be Performed

• STANDARD: STANDARD: Approved Reference Models Approved Reference Models & Protocols; Determined by Standard-& Protocols; Determined by Standard-setting Groupssetting Groups

**

10.29

TRANSMISSION CONTROL TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL / INTERNET PROTOCOL PROTOCOL / INTERNET PROTOCOL

(TCP / IP)(TCP / IP)REFERENCE MODEL DEVELOPED BY REFERENCE MODEL DEVELOPED BY

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE IN 1972DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE IN 1972

1. APPLICATION: 1. APPLICATION: Provides Screen PresentationsProvides Screen Presentations

2. TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL (TCP): 2. TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL (TCP): Breaks Data into DatagramsBreaks Data into Datagrams

3. INTERNET PROTOCOL (IP): 3. INTERNET PROTOCOL (IP): Breaks, Sends Breaks, Sends Datagrams as Smaller IP Packets; Can Repeat Datagrams as Smaller IP Packets; Can Repeat Transmission to Increase ReliabilityTransmission to Increase Reliability

**

10.30

TRANSMISSION CONTROL TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL / INTERNET PROTOCOL PROTOCOL / INTERNET PROTOCOL

(TCP / IP)(TCP / IP)4. NETWORK INTERFACE: 4. NETWORK INTERFACE: Handles Handles

Addressing and Interface Between Addressing and Interface Between Computer & NetworkComputer & Network

5. PHYSICAL NET: 5. PHYSICAL NET: Defines Electrical Defines Electrical Transmission Characteristics for Sending Transmission Characteristics for Sending Signal Along Networks to DestinationSignal Along Networks to Destination

**

10.31

OPEN SYSTEM INTERCONNECT OPEN SYSTEM INTERCONNECT (OSI)(OSI)

INTERNATIONAL REFERENCE MODELINTERNATIONAL REFERENCE MODEL

FOR LINKING DIFFERENT TYPES OFFOR LINKING DIFFERENT TYPES OF

COMPUTERS & NETWORKS. LAYERS:COMPUTERS & NETWORKS. LAYERS:

1. PHYSICAL: 1. PHYSICAL: Transmission of Data over Transmission of Data over MediumMedium

2. DATA LINK: 2. DATA LINK: Packaging, Transfer of Packaging, Transfer of Packets; Error CheckingPackets; Error Checking

3. NETWORK3. NETWORK: Routing Packets Over WAN: Routing Packets Over WAN

**10.32

OPEN SYSTEM INTERCONNECT OPEN SYSTEM INTERCONNECT (OSI)(OSI)

4. TRANSPORT: 4. TRANSPORT: Ensures Reliable Data DeliveryEnsures Reliable Data Delivery

5. SESSION: 5. SESSION: Establishes Communication Links Establishes Communication Links on Networkon Network

6. PRESENTATION: 6. PRESENTATION: Code Conversion for Data Code Conversion for Data PresentationPresentation

7. APPLICATION: 7. APPLICATION: Specialized User Functions Specialized User Functions (e.g.: Operating System; File Transfer; e-mail)(e.g.: Operating System; File Transfer; e-mail)

**

10.33

INTEGRATED SERVICES DIGITAL INTEGRATED SERVICES DIGITAL NETWORK (ISDN)NETWORK (ISDN)

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD FORINTERNATIONAL STANDARD FOR

TRANSMITTING VOICE, VIDEO, DATA.TRANSMITTING VOICE, VIDEO, DATA.

WIDE RANGE OF SERVICEWIDE RANGE OF SERVICE

OVER PUBLIC TELEPHONE LINES.OVER PUBLIC TELEPHONE LINES.

DEVELOPED LATE 1970s BY DEVELOPED LATE 1970s BY CONSULTATIVE COMMITTEE ON CONSULTATIVE COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL TELEGRAPHY & INTERNATIONAL TELEGRAPHY & TELEPHONY (CCITT)TELEPHONY (CCITT)

**10.34

PROBLEMS POSED BY PROBLEMS POSED BY ENTERPRISE NETWORKINGENTERPRISE NETWORKING

• CONNECTIVITY PROBLEMSCONNECTIVITY PROBLEMS• LOSS OF MANAGEMENT CONTROLLOSS OF MANAGEMENT CONTROL• ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGESORGANIZATIONAL CHANGES• HIDDEN COSTS OF CLIENT / SERVER HIDDEN COSTS OF CLIENT / SERVER

COMPUTINGCOMPUTING• NETWORK RELIABILITY & SECURITYNETWORK RELIABILITY & SECURITY

**

10.35

SOME SOLUTIONSSOME SOLUTIONS

• MANAGING THE CHANGEMANAGING THE CHANGE

• EDUCATION & TRAININGEDUCATION & TRAINING

• DATA ADMINISTRATION DISCIPLINEDATA ADMINISTRATION DISCIPLINE

• PLANNING FOR CONNECTIVITYPLANNING FOR CONNECTIVITY

**

10.36

10.10.ENTERPRISEENTERPRISENETWORKINGNETWORKING

&&THE INTERNETTHE INTERNET

10.37