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DIAGNOSTICS EXAM
ANSWERS10TH GRADE
1. Fill in the blanks
Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic
• Pro = earlier than • kernel ( true nucleus)
o Eukaryotic = trueo kernel ( true
nucleus)
The plasma membrane is composed
mostly of • Phospholipids and Proteins
• Phospholipids form a bilayer in wich the hydrophillic phosphate heads are exposed to the aqueous external environment and shielding the hydrophobic hydrocarbon tails in the interior of the membrane.
• Proteins are present in the membranes in the form of intrinsic or extrinsic proteins which function as ion channels, carrier proteins, enzymes, among other functions
Cell membrane-plasma mebrane-
cytoplasm membranePhospholipids form a bilayer in wich the hydrophillic phosphate heads are exposed to the aqueous external environment and shielding the hydrophobic hydrocarbon tails in the interior of the membrane. Proteins are present in the membranes in the form of intrinsic or extrinsic proteins which function as ion channels, carrier proteins, enzymes, among other functions
In eukaryotic cells respiration occurs in the
In the Mitochondria (and in the cytoplasm)Glucolisis in the cytoplasm, the product obteined
is transported to the mitocondrial matrix, and finally
the respiration chain takes place on the intern wall of the mitochondria
The principal objective of respiration is obteining chemical energy through the
elaboration of ATP on the basis of glucose.
Respiration is the process to manufacture ATP using oxygen and giving Dioxid Carbon
The passive transport of water across
a selectively permeable membrane is
called
• lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that can break down macromolecules
such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins
2. Write the definitions or concepts.
Cell• An biological unit of all organisms• An autonomous self-replicating unit that
may exist as functional independent unit of life (as in the case of unicellular organism), or as sub-unit in a multicellular organism (such as in plants and animals) that is specialized into carrying out particular functions towards the cause of the organism as a whole.
DNA
DeoxyriboNucleic Acid, a self-replicating material which is present in nearly all living
organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of
genetic information.
Deoxyribonucleic acid.
Contains Thymine
Contains the genetic
information Double
stranded
DNA
DNA
Thymine is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of DNA that are represented by the letters G–C–A–T. The others are adenine, guanine, and cytosine.
RNA
RiboNucleic Acid: a nucleic acid that is generally single stranded (double stranded in some viruses) and plays a role in transferring information from DNA to protein-forming system of the cell.
RNA
RNA
Usually single stranded
Contains Uracile
Contains ribose
Viruses contain their genetic Info in RNA genome.
More prone to hydrolisis than
DNA
Protein synthesis, catalyze
reactions.
Cell membrane
• A very thin membrane, composed of lipids and protein, that surrounds the cytoplasm of a cell and controls the passage of substances into and out of the cell. Also called: plasmalemma or plasma membrane
• The semipermeable membrane enclosing the cytoplasm of a cell.
Passive transport• A kind of transport by which ions
or molecules move along a concentration gradient, which means movement from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Hydrophobic
• Lacking an affinity for water; insoluble in water; repelling water.
Hydrophilic Having an affinity for water; capable of interacting with water through hydrogen bonding.
Enzyme Any of various proteins, as pepsin,
origi- nating from living cells and capable of producing certain chemical changes in organic substances by catalytic action, as in digestion.
Chloroplasts • The organelles that carries out
photosynthesis and starch grain formation.
• A chlorophyll-containing organelle in plants that is the site of photosynthesis.
Ribosomes
A tiny, somewhat mitten-shaped organelle occurring in great num- bers in the cell cytoplasm either freely, in small clusters, or attached to the outer sur- faces of endoplasmic reticula,and function- ing as the site of protein manufacture.
3. Essay questions (choose ONE and explain it in detail)
Mitosis-Meiosis video• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ba9LXKH2ztU• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_IzfJSxa-uA
Name and describe the two major classes of cells.