Name: ----------- Class: Date: _ ID: BBiological Basis Practice Test•Multiple ChoiceIdentify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

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l. The somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system comprise thea. peripheral nervous systemb. central nervous systemc. afferent nervous systemd. skeletal nervous system

2. The brain imaging method that uses multiple X rays to generate a picture ofa horizontal slice of the brain isa. computerized tomographyb. EKGc. an electroencephalographd. stereotaxic instrumentation

3. Which of the following is determined at conception and is fixed forever?a. prototypeb. phenotypec. somatotyped. genotype

4. Which of the following parts of the brain is most likely to playa major role in the work of artists, architects,and engineers, who must rely heavily on visual-spatial skills?a. corpus callosumb. the right hemispherec. the left hemisphered. cerebellum

5. Which of the following brain-imaging techniques is most likely to be used to study the activity of specificneurotransmitters?a. PET scanningb. CT scanningc. EEG recordingd. MRI scanning

6. The two most basic divisions of the nervous system area. the sympathetic division and the parasympathetic divisionb. the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous systemc. the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous systemd. the brain and the spinal cord

7. Which of the following techniques can be used with the functioning, working brain?a. EEG, PET or MRI can all be used.b. PET onlyc. MRI onlyd. EEGonly

8. The lobe of the brain with primary responsibility for processing bodily sensations is thea. parietal lobeb. frontal lobec. occipital lobed. thalamic lobe

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9. Abnormalities at norepinephrine and serotonin synapses appear to playa role in which of the following? •a. hyperactivityb. depressionc. increased appetited. high anxiety

10. Which of the following is the correct sequence of structures through which information flows in a neuron?a. glia to dendrites to axonb. dendrites to cell body to axonc. dendrites to axon to gliad. axon to cell body to dendrites

11. Sensory information is carried from your eyes to your brain by way ofa. afferent fibersb. autonomic fibersc. efferent fibersd. motor fibers

12. The release of endorphins is most closely associated with which of the following two reactions?a. kindness and aggressionb. pain and pleasurec. mania and depressiond. obsessions and compulsions

13. The cells of the nervous system that do the work of receiving, integrating, and transmitting information arethea. neurilemmab. neurons •c. neuroblastsd. glia

14. In computers, the keyboard receives input and passes that information along to the computer's centralprocessing unit (CPU). In comparing a computer to a neuron, the keyboard would be equivalent toa. the axonb. the terminal buttonsc. the dendritesd. the soma

IS. The implantation of electrodes in the brains of animals is accomplished through the use of which of thefollowing?a. a stereotaxic instrumentb. the electroencephalographc. a stereotypical instrumentd. a tachistoscope

16. The primary function of the cerebellum is toa. control blood pressureb. coordinate body movementc. process visual informationd. store semantic memory

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The conservation of body resources, including blood pressure reduction and the promotion of digestion, ishandled by thea. somatic divisionb. unsympathetic divisionc. parasympathetic divisiond. sympathetic division

Which part of the neuron has the responsibility for receiving information from other neurons?a. the cell bodyb. the axonc. the somad. the dendrites

Internal functions such as heartbeat, breathing, and stomach contractions are controlled by the -----nervous system.a. centralb. autonomicc. endocrined. somatic

The nervous system mobilizes the body when one needs to exert tremendous energy (such asflee from an attacker).a. centralb. sympatheticc. somaticd. parasympatheticNeurotransmitters are stored ina. nacellesb. dendritesc. synaptic vesiclesd. mitochondria

A marathon runner may well experience a phenomenon known as "runner's high" because the pain of a longrun may trigger the release of in the brain.a. naloxoneb. placebosc. morphined. endorphinsThe master gland of the endocrine system is thea. thyroid glandb. pancreasc. adrenal glandd. pituitary glandAn impulse moves from one neuron to another through the action ofa. action potentialsb. hormonesc. neuromodulatorsd. neurotransmitters

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25. Exchange of infonnation between neurons takes place at thea. myelin sheathb. synapsec. cell bodyd. axon

26. The distance between a terminal button and a dendrite is referred to as thea. neuromodulatorb. midsynaptic potential rangec. transmission gapd. synaptic cleft

27. Glia cellsa. release neurotransmittersb. provide structural support for neuronsc. fonn the primary components of the spinal cordd. release neuromodulators

28. Robyn has just eaten a full meal and is now relaxing. Robyn's is in primary control at this time.-----a. sympathetic nervous systemb. thyroid glandc. hormonal systemd. parasympathetic nervous system

29. Which of the following techniques is likely to be most useful for locating specific neurotransmittersubstances in the brain?a. computerized tomographyb. electrographic tomography •c. positron emission tomographyd. magnetic resonance imaging

30. The technique in which radioactively tagged chemicals are introduced into the brain and then equipmentmonitors where the chemicals appear in the brain isa. magnetic resonance imagingb. positron emission tomographyc. computerized tomographyd. electrographic tomography

31. A gene that must be paired with another gene just like itself to determine the phenotype is known as aa. co-dominant geneb. heterozygous genec. recessive gened. dominant gene

32. The hindbrain structure involved with sleep and arousal is thea. hypothalamusb. thalamusc. cerebrumd. pons

33. Because the speech center is generally located in the left hemisphere of the brain, a split-brain patient isunable to describe stimuli that area. felt with the right handb. seen in the right visual fieldc. presented directly in front of him or her •d. seen in the left visual field

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34. A chemical that transfers information from one neuron to another is referred to as a(n)a. synaptic vesicleb. neural impulsec. neurotransmitterd. enzyme

35. Electrical stimulation of its lateral hypothalamus causes an animal to overeat and become obese. Therefore,we would expect that lesioning the lateral hypothalamus would producea. overeating and obesityb. undereating and weight lossc. alternating periods of overeating and undereatingd. no effect on eating or body weight

36. The insulating material that encases some axons is referred to as thea. corpus callosumb. somac. myelin sheathd. dendritic tree

37. The system of glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream is known as thea. atopic systemb. endocrine systemc. blood. brain systemd. exocrine system

38. The is the largest and most complex part of the human brain.a. cerebrumb. medullac. cerebellumd. limbic system

39. The area of the frontal lobe that plays an important role in the production of speech is calleda. Wernicke's areab. Sperry's areac. Broca's aread. Cannon's area

40. An agonista. blocks the action of neurotransmittersb. mimics the action of a neurotransmitterc. extends the absolute refractory period of neural transmissiond. prevents reuptake of neurotransmitters

41. The minimum length of time between action potentials is determined bya. the absolute refractory periodb. transduction incapacityc. the relative threshold periodd. transduction capacity

42. The basic communication links of the nervous system are thea. neuronsb. musclesc. gliad. bones

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Name: !D: B------------43. When one member of a gene pair is more influential, such that its trait is expressed over the trait of the other

gene, it is said to bea. expressiveb. phenotypicc. dominantd. genotypic

44. A person might end up in a coma if the following area of the brain is damageda. ponsb. hypothalamusc. reticular formationd. medulla

45. Which of the following is responsible for the human ability to engage in higher mental activity such asthinking and philosophizing?a. the corpus callosumb. the cerebellumc. the cerebrumd. the hypothalamus

46. The observable characteristics of an individual are referred to as one'sa. heritabilityb. zygotypec. genotyped. phenotype

47. When a dominant gene is paired with a recessive gene, the gene pair is said to bea. homozygousb. polygenic •c. phenotypicd. heterozygous

48. If you sent the word "banana" to a split-brain patient's left hemisphere and the word "cucumber" to his righthemisphere, which of the following would he be able to name verbally?a. only the bananab. both of the itemsc. neither of the itemsd. only the cucumber

49. Destroying a piece of brain tissue to observe its effect on behavior is referred to as which of the following?a. lesioningb. stereotaxic inversionc. tumor ligationd. ESB

50. Faster neural impulses occur ina. neurons with extensive dendritesb. shorter axonsc. uninsulated or unmyelinated axonsd. insulated or myelinated axons

51. An individual with an XXV genotype would have what syndrome?a. Turner's c. Spannon'sb. Klinefelter's d. Hooche's

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52. Which of the following does not belong with the other three?a. gonadsb. thalamusc. thyroidd. pituitary

53. For most persons the cerebral hemisphere controls _a. right; the left cerebral hemisphereb. right; motivation for sexual behaviorc. left; the right cerebral hemisphered. left; language production

54. Which of the following statements about the neural impulse is false?a. It is a brief change in polarization of the cell membrane.b. It follows the all-or-none principle.c. It produces stronger neural impulses from stronger stimuli.d. It travels faster in larger diameter fibers than in smaller fibers.

55. When curare blocks the action of acetylcholine by occupying its receptor sites, it is acting asa. an antagonistb. a neurotransmitterc. an agonistd. a placebo

56. If the left hemisphere of the brain is damaged, which part of the body would be most directly affected?a. the left halfb. the entire bodyc. the right halfd. the upper portion

57. MRl scanning uses all but which of the following to map out brain structure and brain function?a. computerized enhancementb. radioactively tagged sugarsc. magnetic fieldsd. radio waves

58. Which of the following is the correct sequence of steps through which neurotransmitters progress duringsynaptic transmission?a. synthesis, release, binding, inactivation, reuptakeb. release, synthesis, binding, reuptake, inactivationc. binding, synthesis, release, inactivation, reuptaked. synthesis, binding, release, reuptake, inactivation

59. A split-brain person has a severeda. cerebral cortexb. corpus callosumc. cerebellumd. medulla

60. The use ofa drug that functions as a dopamine agonist would probably lead to which of the following?a. schizophrenic-like symptomsb. chronic insomniac. excessive anxietyd. Parkinson-like symptoms

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A neural impulse is initiated when a neuron's chargea. momentarily becomes less negative, or even positiveb. suddenly becomes even more positive than it was during the resting statec. momentarily changes from positive to negatived. suddenly becomes even more negative than it was during the resting stateIf a key part of the is destroyed, an animal will lose all interest in food and may well starve todeath.a. medullab. hypothalamusc. cerebellumd. thalamus

When this lobe of the brain is electrically stimulated people report physical sensations, as if they had beentouched, for example, on the arm.a. occipitalb. parietalc. frontald. temporal

Research has found that the left side of the brain typically exercises primary control over all of the followingexcepta. languageb. linguistic processingc. visual-spatial abilitiesd. the right side of the body

nerves receive information, while nerves carry out instructions.----- -----a. somatic; autonomicb. motor; sensoryc. afferent; efferentd. autonomic; skeletalThe brain structure that controls your ability to understand speech isa. Wernicke's areab. the thalamusc. the occipital lobe of the cerebral cortexd. Broca's area

The is most likely to be in control of bodily processes during periods of rest and recovery for thebody.a. somatic nervous systemb. sympathetic nervous systemc. parasympathetic nervous systemd. hypothalamus

An individual with only an X chromosome and no second X or Y chromosome would have what syndrome?a. Turner's d. Hooche'sb. Klinefelter's e. Broca'sc. Spannon's

Surgically disconnecting the cerebral hemispheres has its origins in the treatment ofa. people in comasb. schizophrenicsc. psychopathsd. epileptics

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Assume the R represents a dominant gene in rats for normal running and r represents a recessive gene for anabnormal gait called stumbling. Mating two heterogeneous rats will produce offspring that are ...a. 75% stumblers, 25 % runners c. 75% runners, 25% stumblersb. 100% rumblers d. 50% runners, 50% stumblersPeople who have hormonal imbalances have problems with theira. limbic systemb. endocrine systemc. reticular formationd. left brain/right brain communicationThe primary processing for auditory sensations is in the lobe of the cerebrum.a. occipitalb. frontalc. temporald. parietalWhich brain structure appears to play an active role in integrating sensory information?a. hypothalamusb. limbic systemc. thalamusd. cerebrumNerves outside the skull and spine comprise thea. vagus nervous systemb. skeletal nervous systemc. vascular nervous systemd. peripheral nervous systemParkinson's disease appears to be a function ofa. agonistic chemical action on the receptor sites of the cerebrumb. degeneration of neurons that use dopamine as a neurotransmitterc. enzymatic deficiency that does not allow for the proper cleanup of waste products in the

nervous systemd. damage to glia cellsWhich of the following brain structures is most closely associated with the regulation of emotion?a. cerebellumb. limbic systemc. reticular formationd. brainstemThe structure that connects the two cerebral hemispheres is thea. thalamusb. parietal lobec. corpus callosumd. pineal glandThe task of passing a message from one neuron to another is actually carried out bya. neurotransmittersb. the action potentialc. the glial cellsd. the myelin sheath

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79. Shot in the head, the victim died instantly because the bullet entered the , that portion of thehindbrain that regulates breathing.a. ponsb. thalamusc. medullad. cerebellum

80. The specific pattern of genes inherited at conception defines an individual'sa. polygenic inheritanceb. genotypec. stereotyped. phenotype

81. Pleasure centers in the brain appear to be concentrated most heavily in thea. corpus callosumb. endocrine systemc. brainstemd. limbic system

82. The is the junction between two neurons.a. myelin sheathb. synapsec. postsynaptic membraned. terminal button

83. The movement of voluntary skeletal muscles involved in doing calisthenics is under the control of thea. somatic nervous systemb. sympathetic nervous system •c. parasympathetic nervous systemd. autonomic nervous system

84. Which of the following devices monitors the electrical activity of the brain?a. any of these can be usedb. an electroencephalographc. an electrocardiographd. a stereotaxic recorder

85. A chemical substance that mimics the action of a neurotransmitter is known as ana. agonistb. antagonistc. anticholinergicd. impeder

86. Neurotransmitters are secreted from thea. dendritesb. myelin sheathc. terminal buttonsd. neuromodulators

87. Most neurons are involved in transmitting informationa. from the outside world to the brainb. from the brain to the musclesc. from one neuron to anotherd. none of the above

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88. If brain damage is suspected, a patient may be tested with which of the following methods?a. the electroencephalographb. lesioningc. the electrocardiographd. electrode implantation

89. The drunken driving suspect was unable to hold his hand out to the side and bring his finger to a stop on hisnose because one of the brain structures depressed first by alcohol is thea. cerebellumb. corpus callosumc. medullad. hypothalamus

90. People who suffer damage to the often show deficits in attention, planning, and gettingorganized.a. prefrontal cortexb. medial forebrain bundlec. hindbraind. corpus callosum

91. A person's current weight and height could be said to exemplify his or hera. genotypeb. phenotypec. both of the aboved. none of the above

92. function in the endocrine system much like in the nervous system.a. Endorphins; sensory neuronsb. Hormones; dendritesc. Hormones; neurotransmittersd. Neurotransmitters; hormones

93. Which of the following neurotransmitters is primarily involved in the activation of motor neurons controllingskeletal muscles?a. serotoninb. dopaminec. acetylcholined. GABA

94. We would expect the greatest degree of phenotypic similarity amonga. siblingsb. parents and their childrenc. identical twinsd. fraternal twins

95. receive information from other neurons; transmit information to other neurons.a. Axons; dendritesb. Axons; synapsesc. Synapses; dendritesd. Dendrites; axons

96. If you have damaged your temporal lobe, you can expect to have problems with which of the following?a. tastingb. thinkingc. hearingd. seemg

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97. The sympathetic nervous system operates (or is in primary control) during periods ofa. stressb. circadian activityc. calmd. relaxation

98. Damage to the temporal lobe of the brain would probably be most harmful to the career ofa. a painterb. an architectc. an actord. a musician

99. An electric potential that increases the likelihood that the postsynaptic neuron will fire is called ana. excitatory presynaptic potentialb. excitatory postsynaptic potentialc. inhibitory postsynaptic potentiald. all-or-none potential

100. In the condition, the two genes in a specific pair are the same.a. phenotypicb. homozygousc. heterozygousd. polygenic

101. Which of the following has been implicated in pain alleviation?a. norepinephrineb. acetylcholinec. endorphinsd. dopamine •

102. A hormone isa. a chemical secreted into the blood by a glandb. a brain structure below the hypothalamusc. a location in the brain where a specific memory is storedd. none of these

103. When you are walking, the brain sends messages to the skeletal muscles in the legs by way ofa. sensory fibersb. central fibersc. afferent fibersd. efferent fibers

104. The production of language for most persons resides in thea. posterior cerebral hemisphereb. right cerebral hemispherec. left cerebral hemisphered. central cerebral hemisphere

105. The regulation of the sleep-wake cycle has been linked toa. phenylalanine hydroxylaseb. serotoninc. gamma-aminobutyric acidd. amino acid release cycles

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MRl scans of schizophrenic patients have indicated thata. schizophrenic subjects have higher levels of dopamine than nonschizophrenic subjectsb. schizophrenic subjects have larger ventricles than nonschizophrenic subjectsc. schizophrenic subjects have lower levels of catecholamines than nonschizophrenic

subjectsd. the amygdala of schizophrenic subjects is structurally defective relative to

nonschizophrenic subjectsThe basic parts of a neuron area. vesicles, terminal buttons, synapseb. myelin, nodes, axon terminalsc. hindbrain, midbrain, forebraind. cell body, axon, dendritesReabsorption of neurotransmitters into the presynaptic neuron is referred to asa. uploadingb. cyclomyosisc. regradingd. reuptakeA person's genotype refers to his or hera. being dominated by the maternal contribution to genetic makeupb. observable characteristics and traitsc. being dominated by the paternal contribution to genetic makeupd. genetic makeuplfa person has a brain tumor that results in a disruption of his /her eating behavior, which of the followingareas is the most likely location of the tumor?a. thalamusb. hypothalamusc. cerebellumd. brainstemMuch of the endocrine system is controlled by the nervous system through thea. medullab. hypothalamusc. thalamusd. cerebellum

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Biological Basis Practice TestAnswer Section

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. A2. A3. 04. B5. A6. B7. A8. A9. B

10. B11. A12. B13. B14. C15. A16. BI]. C18. 019. B20. B21. C22. 023. 024. 025. B26. 027. B28. 029. C30. B31. C32. 033. 034. C35. B36. C37. B38. A39. C

40. B41. A42. A43. C44. C45. C46. 047. 048. A49. A50. 051. 'jI