10-04-037s640-1PubEng: J.E.M.H. van Bronswijk 1 Source:

10-04-03 7s640-1PubEng: J.E.M.H. van Bronswijk

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Source: http://www.who.org/aboutwho/en/definition.html

02-09-2004 7y710-1PubEng: J.E.M.H. van Bronswijk

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To reachTo reach Complete HealthComplete Health

an individual / group must be able to:an individual / group must be able to: 1. 1. IdentifyIdentify aspirations & capabilities aspirations & capabilities 2. 2. RealiseRealise aspirations aspirations 3. 3. SatisfySatisfy needs needs 4. 4. ChangeChange or or CopeCope with their environment with their environment Source: The World Health Organisation;

http://www.who.int/hpr/confrence2/documents/ottawa.html


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Health & ComfortHealth & Comfort

Aim:Aim:Explaining and applying the Explaining and applying the

principles of built environments principles of built environments that bring a high level of vitality that bring a high level of vitality and optimal comfort up to a high and optimal comfort up to a high

ageage


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Building (Services) Engineering Building (Services) Engineering forfor

• Enhancement & Satisfaction of PersonsEnhancement & Satisfaction of Persons

• Prevention & Engagement of HazardsPrevention & Engagement of Hazards

• Compensation & AssistanceCompensation & Assistance

• Care Support & Care OrganisationCare Support & Care Organisation

Source: Gerontechnology 2(2):169-172; 2002


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• Enhancement & Satisfaction of personsEnhancement & Satisfaction of persons– Comfort Comfort

• Prevention & Engagement of HazardsPrevention & Engagement of Hazards– Safety & Security Safety & Security

• Compensation & AssistanceCompensation & Assistance– Assistive TechnologyAssistive Technology

• Care Support & Care OrganisationCare Support & Care Organisation– Health Care Technology Health Care Technology



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• Enhancement & Satisfaction of personsEnhancement & Satisfaction of persons– Comfort Comfort (Thermal, Lighting, Acoustic, Olfactory, Communication)(Thermal, Lighting, Acoustic, Olfactory, Communication)

• Prevention & Engagement of HazardsPrevention & Engagement of Hazards– Safety & Security Safety & Security (Burglary, Fire Hazards, other Accident Risks, (Burglary, Fire Hazards, other Accident Risks,

Cancer, Allergy, Hyperreactivity, Infection)Cancer, Allergy, Hyperreactivity, Infection)

• Compensation & Assistance of personsCompensation & Assistance of persons– Assistive Technology Assistive Technology (Mobility, Communication, Daily Work (Mobility, Communication, Daily Work

and Domestic Activities, Stimulation of Independence)and Domestic Activities, Stimulation of Independence)

• Care Support & Care OrganisationCare Support & Care Organisation– Health Care Technology Health Care Technology (Surveillance, Telemedicine, Telecare, (Surveillance, Telemedicine, Telecare,

Empowering of Frail Persons, Managing Care)Empowering of Frail Persons, Managing Care)



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Comfort & HealthComfort & Health

• Comfortable in one category may bring Comfortable in one category may bring discomfort in anotherdiscomfort in another• Comfort may be unhealthyComfort may be unhealthy• Discomfort may lead to diseaseDiscomfort may lead to disease• Health is more than comfortHealth is more than comfort

Improving Quality of Live Improving Quality of Live Increasing Comfort Increasing Comfort


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Segovia Segovia AqueductAqueduct

Source: ENCYCLOPÆDIA BRITANNICA; http://www.britannica.com/bcom/eb/article/single_image/0,5716,20704+bin%5Fid,00.html


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Anthrax BioterrorismAnthrax Bioterrorism

Fate of the Victim:Fate of the Victim:

1.1. First symptoms after 12 Hours to 5 DaysFirst symptoms after 12 Hours to 5 Days2.2. Treatment only effective the first dayTreatment only effective the first day3.3. Skin infection:Skin infection: red-brown papule with pus and later a black red-brown papule with pus and later a black

crust; flu-like symptoms; few but some deathscrust; flu-like symptoms; few but some deaths4.4. Food-borne infection:Food-borne infection: with 100% intact mucous with 100% intact mucous

membranes: no infection; damaged mucous membranes: membranes: no infection; damaged mucous membranes: alimentary canal and lymph nodes die off slowly, 100% alimentary canal and lymph nodes die off slowly, 100% mortality without timely treatmentmortality without timely treatment

5.5. Lung infection:Lung infection: lymph system dies off, later also heart and lymph system dies off, later also heart and lungs, 100% mortality without timely treatmentlungs, 100% mortality without timely treatment

Anthrax spores may stay viable for decades!Anthrax spores may stay viable for decades!


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Environmental HealthEnvironmental Health

comprises those aspects comprises those aspects ofof human health and diseasehuman health and disease

that are determined that are determined by factors in theby factors in the environment.environment. It also refers to (…..) assessingIt also refers to (…..) assessingand controlling factors in the and controlling factors in the

environment that canenvironment that can potentially affect healthpotentially affect health

Source: The World Health Organisation


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Public HealthPublic Health

is the art of applying science is the art of applying science in the context of politics in the context of politics

so as to reduce inequalities in health so as to reduce inequalities in health while ensuring the best healthwhile ensuring the best health

for the greatest numbersfor the greatest numbers

Source: The World Health Report 1998. Life in the 21st century. A vision for all; http://www.who.int/whr/1998/whr-en.htm


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Ergonomics or Human FactorsErgonomics or Human Factors is a domain of is a domain of science dealing with science dealing with

the application of informationthe application of information onon physicalphysical andand psychologicalpsychological

characteristics of persons characteristics of persons to theto the designdesign

of devices & systems for human useof devices & systems for human use

Source: ENCYCLOPÆDIA BRITANNICA; http://www.britannica.com/


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Building PhysicsBuilding Physics

is a domain of is a domain of science science dealing with the relationships dealing with the relationships

between between building constructionbuilding construction and and physical phenomenaphysical phenomena, ,

such as fire safety, comfort, and such as fire safety, comfort, and energy conservationenergy conservation

Source: PJM van der Meijs 1979. Bouwfysica. Spruyt, van Mantgem & de Does, Leiden. ISBN 90 238 0979 3


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Sick Building SyndromeSick Building Syndrome

a collection of certain specific a collection of certain specific complaints and symptoms complaints and symptoms

experienced by workers during experienced by workers during or after a stay in certain or after a stay in certain

building spacesbuilding spacesSource: E Eyskens, L Feenstra, AE Meinders (eds) 1991. Codex Medicus. Elsevier, Amsterdam. ISBN 90-6228-183-4


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A Sick BuildingA Sick Building

forms an environment that does notforms an environment that does notanswer to the human need for:answer to the human need for:

- Absence of- Absence of PathogensPathogens- Absence of other biotic, chemical or physical- Absence of other biotic, chemical or physical PollutantsPollutants- Thermal, Lighting, Acoustic and Aesthetic- Thermal, Lighting, Acoustic and Aesthetic ComfortComfort - Sufficient- Sufficient SpaceSpace, Privacy, Peace and Quiet, Privacy, Peace and Quiet- ContactContact with outdoors (view, sound, smell, air quality)with outdoors (view, sound, smell, air quality)- Open (virtual) communication channelsOpen (virtual) communication channels with the outside with the outside worldworld

Sources: - PA Vroon 1991. Ziekmakende Gebouwen en de evolutie van de mens. Bouwfysica 2(2):18-25- E Eyskens, L Feenstra, AE Meinders (eds) 1991. Codex Medicus. Elsevier,

Amsterdam. ISBN 90-6228-183-4- 6th Framework R&D Program of the European Union, 2002


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Sick Buildings & Bad DwellingsSick Buildings & Bad Dwellings

User Control:User Control:1. Actual Use1. Actual Use

2. Maintenance2. Maintenance

3. Finishing and Furnishing3. Finishing and Furnishing

4. Renovation / Expansion4. Renovation / Expansion

5. Move out / Change job5. Move out / Change job

Owner > Tenant > EmployeeOwner > Tenant > Employee


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A Healthy BuildingA Healthy Building forms an environment thatforms an environment that

- Has a - Has a Low RiskLow Risk for negative health effects for negative health effects

- Makes - Makes Healthy BehaviourHealthy Behaviour self-evident self-evident

- - CompensatesCompensates for disease or infirmity present for disease or infirmity present

- - StimulatesStimulates users to realise their aspirations users to realise their aspirations

- Leaves Leaves Users MasterUsers Master of the situation of the situation

- Stimulates virtual and physical Stimulates virtual and physical CommunicationCommunication

- SupportsSupports Health Care Health Care


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3 Barriers against Disease 3 Barriers against Disease

1.1. Building, Building Services, Urban Building, Building Services, Urban PlanningPlanning

2.2. Furnishing and MaintenanceFurnishing and Maintenance3.3. Hereditary Factors, Physical and Mental Hereditary Factors, Physical and Mental

Fitness, Vaccinations, Healthy NutritionFitness, Vaccinations, Healthy Nutrition


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Ambient Intelligence Ambient Intelligence

1.1. Learning Environments, reacting on persons Learning Environments, reacting on persons and environmental changes and environmental changes

2.2. A revolution in Building ServicesA revolution in Building Services3.3. Combining Comfort, Safety and Security, with Combining Comfort, Safety and Security, with

Assistance and Health CareAssistance and Health Care

Towards Health Supportive Built Towards Health Supportive Built EnvironmentsEnvironments

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10-04-037s640-1PubEng: J.E.M.H. van Bronswijk 1 Source: