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10, 000. 10, 000 DNA lesions X 1 trillion cells 10,000,000,000,000,000. DNA damage leads to mutations. DNA damage leads to mutations. 1) toxic chemicals (industrial & environmental). 2) X-rays (clinic). 5) UV rays (sun). 3) viruses (HPV). 4) oxidation (respiration, smoking). - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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10, 000
MIT June 2010 1OEIT Star BioChem (LA and KMV)
10, 000 DNA lesionsX 1 trillion cells
10,000,000,000,000,000
MIT June 2010 2OEIT Star BioChem (LA and KMV)
DNA damage leads to mutations
MIT June 2010 3OEIT Star BioChem (LA and KMV)
DNA damage leads to mutations
5) UV rays(sun)
4) oxidation(respiration, smoking)
1) toxic chemicals(industrial & environmental)
2) X-rays(clinic)
3) viruses(HPV)
MIT June 2010 4OEIT Star BioChem (LA and KMV)
DNA damage leads to mutations
UV rays(sun)
oxidation(respiration, radiation, smoking)
toxic chemicals(industrial & environmental)
X-rays(clinic)
viruses(HPV)
mutations disease
MIT June 2010 5OEIT Star BioChem (LA and KMV)
Oxidation can cause mutations in DNA
MIT June 2010 6OEIT Star BioChem (LA and KMV)
Oxidation can cause mutations in DNA
MIT June 2010 7OEIT Star BioChem (LA and KMV)
Oxidation can cause mutations in DNA
MIT June 2010 8OEIT Star BioChem (LA and KMV)
DNA glycosylase proteins help repair DNA damage caused by oxidation
DNA glycosylases
MIT June 2010 9OEIT Star BioChem (LA and KMV)
Today’s activity: explore DNA glycosylases with Star BioChem (You can find it online too!)
humanhOGG1(37 °C)
archeabacteriaPa-AGOG(100 °C!)
MIT June 2010 10OEIT Star BioChem (LA and KMV)
Proteins perform many important biological functions
hemoglobincarry oxygen in the blood
F1 ATPasegenerate energy
antibodyprotect against
infections
aquaporinwater transport
microtubulescell division
Protein Data Bank websiteMIT June 2010 11OEIT Star BioChem (LA and KMV)
The function of a protein is determined by its structure
structure function
MIT June 2010 12OEIT Star BioChem (LA and KMV)
These two proteins both fix the same DNA defect.
humanhOGG1
archeabacteriaPa-AGOG
Protein Evolution: 1) Proteins with similar functions tend to have similar 3D structures.
2) Proteins with similar 3D structures DO NOT ALWAYS have exactly the same amino acid sequence. The folding is important for function.
MIT June 2010 13OEIT Star BioChem (LA and KMV)
Amino Acids Identify the amino group, the acid group, and
the side chains. The side chains are also called “R groups” (R = residues)
Acid RED Base BLUE
Hydrophobic YELLOW
(Polar) Hydrophilic GREEN
MIT June 2010 14OEIT Star BioChem (LA and KMV)
