Upload
brooke-lynch
View
213
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
1
World Religions
2
World Religions: ChristianityFounded -
Jesus-born in Bethlehem over 2000 years ago
Born to Jewish family in present-day Israel
Viewed as the Messiah…son of God
Roamed countryside spreading message—challenged Jewish authorities
Crucified by Roman authorities…..resurrected & went to Heaven
3
World Religions: ChristianityLocation -
Began in current country of Israel (located in Middle East)
Currently worldwide esp. in areas of European influence
Main sects are Orthodox, Catholic & Protestant
Over 2 billion believers makes it world’s largest religion (@33% world’s pop.)
4
World Religions: ChristianityBook -
“Holy Bible”
Old Testament (Jewish Tenakh/Islamic Quran) talks of God’s covenant w/ Jewish people through Abraham & Moses….about keeping laws
New Testament: Since Jesus…stories of Apostles & salvation through Jesus
5
World Religions: ChristianityPractices / Beliefs / Holy Days -
Jesus was God’s son – human & divine
Jesus died for mankind’s sin’s…salvation is through belief in Jesus & following laws of God
10 Commandments (Jewish Torah) the basis of belief, including:
- honor father / mother
- thou shalt not kill
- worship the 1 God only
6
World Religions: ChristianityPractices / Beliefs / Holy Days -
Advent – 4 weeks preparing for Christs’ birth
Christmas – birth of Jesus
Epiphany – wise men visit & spread the news
Lent–pre-Easter 40 days Jesus spent fasting in desert
Holy Week (includes Palm Sunday, Maundy Thursday, & Good Friday)
Easter – Resurrection of Jesus
7
World Religions: JudaismFounded -
4000 years ago in Middle East w/ Abraham
Abraham Isaac Jacob (Israel)
Promised People = Israelites
Moses led Hebrew people from Egypt to “Promised Land”
Moses is given 10 Commandments
8
World Religions: JudaismLocation -
“Promised Land” = Canaan = modern day Israel
Jewish people spread throughout world (Diaspora)
After Holocaust, Jews are given modern Israel in 1948….…..land “taken” from Muslim Palestineans
Currently 14 million (2 - 3% world) 50% in U.S. / 25% in Israel / 25% in Europe, etc.
9
World Religions: JudaismBook -
Tenakh = Torah (laws) + Nev'im (prophets) + Ki'tuvim (histories/sayings/etc.)
Talmud is collection of rules for reading the Tenakh
Scrolls should be read w/ yad
10
World Religions: JudaismPractices / Beliefs / Holy Days -
Follow 10 Commandments (Torah)
Orthodox / Conservative / Reform conservative/strict liberal/loose
Synagogues are Jewish centers of life
Shabbat is sundown Friday to dark on Saturday
11
World Religions: JudaismPractices / Beliefs / Holy Days -
Bar and Bat mitzvah to celebrate 13th b-day
Hanukkah is the festival of lights (Nov – Dec)
Passover celebrates release from Egypt
Rosh Hashanah is the Jewish New Year (Sept-Oct)
Yom Kippur is the Day of Atonement (forgiveness) happens 10 days after R.H.
12
World Religions: IslamFounded -
Adam, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, etc all early prophets
Muhammad most recent prophet around 600 AD
Angel Gabriel reveals Allah’s word to Muhammad
13
World Religions: IslamLocation -
Middle East is the birth place (Mecca, S.A.)
Escapes to Medina (Hijrah)
Subsequent caliphs help spread the word to…..
Middle East & eventually to N.Africa, Spain, Portugal, and Turkey (Ottoman Empire)
Worldwide today….1.2 billion including 7m in U.S. w/ majority in India & Indonesia
Only 18% are Arabs in Middle East
14
World Religions: IslamBook -Quran (Koran): similar to Old Testament
Sunnah is a record of Muhammad’s preachings
5 Pillars:
1. Shahadah (Allah only God)
2. Salat-5 daily prayers toward Mecca
3. Zakah-donate 2.5% of wealth to poor
4. Sawm-fast during daylight in Ramadan
5. Hajj-pilgrimage to Mecca once in life
15
World Religions: IslamPractices / Beliefs / Holy Days -
Belief in Allah, prophets, angels, Torah/Bible/Quran
Heaven is reward for good deeds
Id ul-Fitr – festival of thankfulness
Sunnis (80%)
Shi’ite(15%) power held by Ayatollahs
Suffis(5%<) nomadic roaming holy men
16
World Religions: HinduismFounded -
Indus Valley (N. India) 3000 BC
Various influences during development….no 1 founder
Vedas (hymns) tell the story (passed on orally)
Worlds oldest religion?
17
World Religions: HinduismLocation -
Indus Valley between present-day India & Pakistan
Over 1 billion people today:
-India (750 million)
-Nepal (19 million)
18
World Religions: HinduismBook -
Vedas – hymns, prayers and spells (3000+ years old)
Upanishads – stories told about Hinduism from teachers to students
Bhagavad Gita – poem/story about warring families
19
World Religions: HinduismPractices / Beliefs / Holy Days -
Samsara-reincarnation wheel of life/death……this is difficult & you want to avoid it
Moksha-release from samsara by replacing ignorance w/ wisdom
Brahman-God / spirit…..everywhere
Atman-individual souls (add up to make Brahman)
Dharma-position in society (priests/teachers, rulers/military, merchants & workers)..DUTY
20
World Religions: HinduismPractices / Beliefs / Holy Days -
Maya prevents people from Moksha…..they see things wrong (like an illusion)
Karma-deeds bring us closer to “salvation” this is how well you live the life you have been given
Yoga-way to link mind/body/Brahman
Ganges river is sacred
Diwali – “Festival of Lights”….5 days in Fall….also marks the financial new year
21
World Religions: HinduismPractices / Beliefs / Holy Days -
Gods:
-Vishnu the preserver
-Shiva the destroyer
-Rama/Sita = male/female exemplars
-Krishna the playful one
Avatars - incarnations of the gods (may be leaders of other religions like Buddha or Jesus)
22
World Religions: BuddhismFounded -
2500 years ago
Siddhartha Gautama in Gaya, India saw…..
Sick man- illness
Old man-suffering
Dead man-death
Are All part of life!
Monk-become a wandering holy man
23
World Religions: BuddhismLocation -
Originally India / Nepal
Short-lived in India
Moved north and East:
-Tibet, Thailand, Vietnam, China, Korea, Japan, etc.
Dalai Lama is leader of Vajrayana Buddhists
Today 350 million (6% of world population)
24
World Religions: BuddhismBook -
Ripitaka or “Three Baskets” is a collection of Buddhist sayings
3 Universal Truths (impermanence, suffering from desire, no eternal soul)
4 Noble Truths
5 Precepts
8-fold Path (wheel)
Meditation is the way to Nirvana (enlightenment)
25
World Religions: BuddhismPractices / Beliefs / Holy Days -
4 Noble Truths:
1. Life is Suffering
2. Cause of suffering is greed
3. Suffering can be overcome
4. The Middle Path is the way to #3
Personal Responsibility will save you, not a god
Eightfold path is how to live the Middle Way
26
World Religions: BuddhismPractices / Beliefs / Holy Days -
Right Concentration Right Views
Right Mindfulness
Right Effort
Right Livelihood
Right Thoughts
Right Speech
Right Action
27
World Religions: BuddhismPractices / Beliefs / Holy Days -
Vesak – Celebration of Buddha’s birth (April 8)
Losar – Tibetan New Year
“Nirvana Day” – Buddha’s “death”
28
World Religions: TraditionalFounded / Location-
Shinto-Japan 1000 BC
Taoisim-China 600 BC
Janism-India 500 BC
Native American-The Americas 40,000 years ago
Rastafarianism-Jamaica 1930s
Various local religions esp. Africa &Australia
Many still survive today….<5% of population
29
World Religions: TraditionalBook -
Usually little written documentation
Stories preserved through oral histories
30
World Religions: TraditionalPractices / Beliefs / Holy Days -
Many are animistic (spirits flow through things)
Many teach harmony w/ nature
Visions / dreams a way to communicate w/spirits
Some rely on mind altering experiences:-marijuana / peyote-sensory deprivation-meditation-fasting, etc.