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Winter Quarter 2005 Rolando V. Raqueño 11
Quick LaTeX Tutorial
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LaTeX Tutorial
• Why do you want to learn LaTeX?
• Nuts and Bolts of LaTex
• Examples
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Why you want to learn LaTeX
• Powerful control of document creation – particularly large technical documents
• Minimizes the drudgery – formatting, numbering, and referencing
• Disadvantage:– Steep Learning Curve
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LaTeX Platforms
• Scientific Workplace – (Commercial Package)
• UNIX Systems (LyX)– (Free)
• MikTex and WinEdt– PC Shareware– Needs wmf2eps– ghostview
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LaTeX Resources• http://www.ctan.org• http://www.colorado.edu/ITS/docs/latex/Ref/• LaTeX for Complete Novices
– (Nicola Talbot)
• The Not So Short Introduction to LaTeX 2e – (Tobias Oetiker)
• Math Into LaTeX – (George Gratzer)
• Learning LaTeX – (Griffiths & Higham)
• A Guide to LaTeX– (Kopka & Daly)
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The LaTeX Process
1. Create a text file (with your favorite text editor) with LaTeX commands
2. “Compile” or “Build” your document using the LaTeX program
3. Display resulting Document
4. Continue writing and go to 1 until finished
5. Convert Document to Postscript or PDF
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Flow of LaTeX Process
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Source code of your first LaTeX document
(fish.tex)
\documentclass{article}
\begin{document}
My mother is a fish.
\end{document}
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Commands to Build and View Document
To use xdvi viewer
% latex fish.tex
…
% xdvi fish.dvi
To use acroread
% pdflatex fish.tex
…
% acroread fish.pdf
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Emphasizing words(fish.tex)
\documentclass{article}
\begin{document}
\emph{My mother} is a fish.
\end{document}
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Underlining words(fish.tex)
\documentclass{article}
\begin{document}
\emph{My mother} is a
\underline{fish}.
\end{document}
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Other font modification commands
• Bold face\textbf{}
• Teletype or typewriter face\texttt{}
• Italic face\textit{}
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Making references in LaTeX(fish.tex)
\documentclass{article}\begin{document}\emph{My mother} is a \underline{fish} \cite{WF}.
\begin{thebibliography}{99}\bibitem{WF}William Falkner, \emph{As I Lay Dying}\end{thebibliography}\end{document}
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Need to compile the document twice
• Using symbolic references requires second pass– \cite{WF}
• The second pass will resolve references
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Sum Equation Example(sum.tex)
\documentclass{article}
\begin{document}
\begin{equation} \label{E:sum}
s = \sum_{i=1}^{n}x_{i}
\end{equation}
\end{document}
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Sum of Squares Equation Example (sum_squares.tex)
\documentclass{article}\begin{document}
\begin{equation} \label{E:sum_squares}s2 = \sum_{i=1}^{n}x_{i}^{2}\end{equation}
\end{document}
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Mean Equation Example(mean.tex)
\documentclass{article}\begin{document}
\begin{equation} \label{E:mean}\bar{x} = \frac{\sum_{i=1}^{n}x_{i}} {n}
\end{equation}
\end{document}
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Mean Equation Examplewith limits (mean_limits.tex)
\documentclass{article}\begin{document}
\begin{equation} \label{E:mean}\bar{x} = \frac{\sum\limits_{i=1}^{n} x_{i}} {n}
\end{equation}
\end{document}
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Variance Equation Example (variance.tex)
\documentclass{article}\begin{document}
\begin{equation} \label{E:variance}\sigma^{2} = \frac{\sum\limits_{i=1}^{n} \left(x_{i} - \bar{x}\right)^{2}} {n-1}\end{equation}
\end{document}
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Standard Deviation Equation Example (sd.tex)
\documentclass{report}\begin{document}\chapter{Standard Deviation}\begin{equation} \label{E:sd}\sigma = \sqrt{\frac{\sum\limits_{i=1}^{n}
\left(x_{i} - \bar{x}\right)^{2}} {n-1}}\end{equation}\end{document}
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Changing the document styles
\documentclass{article}
\documentclass{book}
\documentclass{letter}
\documentclass{report}
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Report document style(main.tex)
\documentclass{report}\title{Assignment 2 for SIMG726}\author{Rolando V. Raque\~no}\begin{document}\maketitle\tableofcontents
\end{document}
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Create the following chapters
chapter_sum.tex
chapter_mean.tex
chapter_sd.tex
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chapter_mean.tex
\chapter{Mean} \label{C:Mean}
\begin{equation} \label{E:mean}
\bar{x} = \frac{\sum_{i=1}^{n}x_{i}} {n}
\end{equation}
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chapter_sum.tex
\chapter{Sum} \label{C:Sum}
\begin{equation} \label{E:sum}
s = \sum_{i=1}^{n}x_{i}
\end{equation}
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chapter_sd.tex
\chapter{Standard Deviation} \label{C:SD}
\begin{equation} \label{E:sd}
\sigma = \sqrt{\frac{\sum\limits_{i=1}^{n}
\left(x_{i} - \bar{x}\right)^{2}}
{n-1}}
\end{equation}
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Modify main.tex to include chapters
\documentclass{report}\title{Assignment 2 for SIMG726}\author{Rolando V. Raque\~no}\begin{document}\maketitle\tableofcontents\include{chapter_sum}\include{chapter_mean}\include{chapter_sd}\end{document}
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Modify chapter_sd.tex
\chapter{Standard Deviation} \label{C:SD}…\end{equation}
We can see that equation \ref{E:sd} uses equation
\ref{E:mean} to compute the mean and that the \emph{Mean}
function uses equation \ref{E:sum} both of which are defined
in Chapter \ref{C:Sum} and \ref{C:Mean}, respectively
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Modify main.tex to include chapters
\documentclass{report}\title{Assignment 2 for SIMG726}\author{Rolando V. Raque\~no}\begin{document}\maketitle\tableofcontents\include{chapter_mean}\include{chapter_sum}\include{chapter_sd}\end{document}
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Miscellaneous LaTeX Topics
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Comments in LaTeX
%– Ignores the rest of the line
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To protect special characters
• Use the \ character– e.g.
My\_Cat.raw
• To typeset a section as typed
\begin{verbatim}
\end{verbatim}
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Verbatim command
• OK for small sections that can be typed into document
• What about including entire source code of programs– Use verbatim package
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Including Source code in LaTeX documents
\documentclass{article}\usepackage{verbatim}\begin{document}
\begin{equation} \label{E:sum}s = \sum_{i=1}^{n}x_{i}\end{equation}
The code as implemented in idl in vectorized form looks like
\verbatiminput{sum.pro}
\end{document}
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Including image graphics into you LaTeX document
• Need to convert your image graphics into EPS (encapsulated postscript).– For images, use pnmtops, e.g.% pnmtops MyCat.pgm > MyCat.ps
• Need to include an extension package to LaTeX called “graphicx” using command\usepackage{graphicx}
• N.B. In CIS systems, following example works for latex but not for pdflatex
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Including image graphics into you LaTeX document
• Need to convert your image graphics into EPS • For images, use pnmtops, e.g.
% pnmtops –norotate –nosetpage MyCat.pgm > MyCat.ps• -norotate keeps from auto-rotating the image• -nosetpage keeps from setting to a specific device• Need to include an extension package to LaTeX called graphics using command\usepackage{graphics}
• N.B. In CIS systems, following example works for latex but not for pdflatex
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Image Graphics Example(image.tex)
\documentclass{article}\usepackage{graphicx}\begin{document}\begin{figure} \includegraphics{MyCat.ps}\caption{This is My Cat} \label{F:MyCat}
\end{figure}\end{document}
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Flowchart Figures
• Create Flowchart in PowerPoint• Export as a bmp file• Convert from bmp to postscript
% bmptoppm figure.bmp | pnmtops –norotate –nosetpage > figure.ps
• OR User xfig because it will export to EPS • Shareware utility called WMF2EPS
– Windows clipboard objects to EPS
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Because current pdflatex cannot include Encapsulated
Postscript Files (EPS)…
• Need to go from dvi to postscript to pdf using the following commands% dvips image.dvi
% ps2pdf image.ps
• Some degradation in quality is observed
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