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1
Lec1 Network Management
(Review)
2
Outline What is the network Goals of the network Network Classification
By Distance By resource access By topology By transmission medium
Rules for choosing the most suitable type of network Devices for Exchanging amp Transferring Data
Network Interface Card (NIC) Modem Hub Repeater Bridge Router Gateway
3
What is the network
Connecting two or more computing devices using hardware and software to manage connection between devices so that it is possible to Share resources Exchange information
Resources refers to Hardware and software components that is prepared to be used for networks Such as1) hardware(printer hard disk processoretc) 2) software and systems (database management systems
extensive programs) 3) Data (video audio voice datahellipetc)
4
Goals of Networks
1) Sharing different resources regardless of the
distance
2) Using secondary computers in the case of any failure
or malfunction
3) Speeding up complicated operations such as (math
applications simulation) by using multiple
computers and processors
5
Requirement for building a network
1 At least two computers2 Network Interface Card (NIC)3 Transmission media (wired or wireless)4 Switch router or hub5 Application software
1 Operating System2 Network operating system3 Network management system4 Network protocols
6
Network Classification
1 By Distance Local Area Network (LAN) Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN) Wide Area Networks (WAN)
2 By resource access Peer-to-Peer network Server based network
3 By topology Bus Ring Star Mix
4 By transmission medium Wired Wireless
7
Local Area Network (LAN) Network computers are located relatively
close to each other (few kilometers in distance)
Limited to buildings owned by one organization
Advantages Efficiency amp speed in data transmission Less errors LAN components are cheap amp easily available
Disadvantages Difficulty to link different networks due to the
large number of rules Limitation in the geographic area
8
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
Used to cover medium size area around few kilometres) to link computers in the same city such as universities
Advantages Fast amp efficient in data transmission Possibility to connect computers in one city
Disadvantages Rarely used Difficulty in maintaining MAN due to its large
size
9
Wide Area Network (WAN) Consist of group of LANs connected to each
other to cover large geographic area Advantages
Possibility to connect thousands of computers Possibility to transfer large number of data Possibility to connect different LANs owned by
different organizations Disadvantages
Requires expensive hardware amp software Hard to operate Requires special kind of programs
10
Classifying Network by Resource Access
1 Peer to Peer (P2P) Networks2 ClientServer Network
11
Peer To Peer (P2P) Network
A-gtB When A sends request to use Brsquos projector A the client B the server
C-gtA When C sends request to use Arsquos printer C the Client B the server
A B
C
Peer-to-peer network architecture allows to connect two or more computers in order to share their resourcesExample
12
(P2P )Advantages amp Disadvantages
Advantages Inexpensive Does not require additional program to manage he
network Does not require high quality devices Easy to install amp operate
Disadvantages Time amp effort consumption due to the decentralized
management Not Secured Poor Performance when number of users increase
13
(P2P )Network Management
Every user in the P2P network is responsible for Managing his own computer Obtaining which resources will be shared in
the network Obtaining the sharing permission (read ndash
write ndash read ampwrite) for the shared resources
14
ClientServer Networks
ClientServer Networks a network in which one centralized powerful computer (called the server) is connected to many less powerful personal computers or workstations (called clients)
Server is a specially designed and very powerful computer with large storage fast processor amp large memory
Types of Servers File Servers Printer Servers Application Servers Communication Servers Database Servers
15
Client Server Networks
A wants to use the printer A sends request to the server Server responds by putting pc A in
the request queue When it is Arsquos turn it uses the
printer
C wants to use the database C sends request to the server Server responds by putting pc C in
the request queue When it is Crsquos turn it uses the
printer
A B
C
Server
Request
Response
16
Advantages of ClientServer Networks
1 Protecting data from loss and damage
2 Possibility to make scheduled backups
3 Possibility to increase number of users
4 The clients computers are inexpensive
5 Centralization of network resources in a single computer
6 Ease of data management and control
7 Highly secured
Why because the server allows only special persons to control the management of network resources to issue permissions for users to use the resources that they need
17
Disadvantages of Client Server Networks
1 Requires expensive programs2 Requires powerful computer to be
used as a server3 Requires network management4 When the server fails the entire
network stops
18
ClientServer Network Management
Client Server networks are managed using network management systems installed on the server computer so that it controls everything about the network including The network performance Statistical reports Monitoring clients Monitoring resources
19
Network Classification based on its topography
20
Bus Group of computer devices connected to each
other along the same backbone cable Advantages
Inexpensive Doesnrsquot require a lot of devices to work Easy to install and manage
Disadvantages When the backbone cable is broken the whole
network stop Increasing number of users in the network may
lead to collisions limited expansion
Ethernet example of a technology that uses bus topology
21
Ring
A computer network where each computer amp device are connected to each other forming a large
Data is sent around the ring until it reaches its final destination (Token Ring Approach)
Advantages Prevents data collisions Guarantee data arrival Give an equal chance of sending
Disadvantages If one of the connected devices fail the whole network
stop Very Slow
Token Ring amp FDDI are examples of technologies that uses ring topology
22
Star
Group of computer devices connected to each other with a central device
Advantages Easy to install amp maintain Inexpensive Uses twisted pair cables
Disadvantages If the central device fails the whole network
stop Fast Ethernet is an example of a
technology that uses star topology
23
Classifying networks based on transmission medium
Wired Networks Networks that use wires as a transmission medium
for transferring data Coaxial cables Twisted Cables Fiber Optic Cables
Wireless Network Networks that uses the air as a transmission
medium for transferring data Radio signals Microwave signals Laser Signals Infrared signals
24
Rules for choosing the most suitable type of network
1 Size of the organization2 Number of users in the network3 Level of security4 Type of the organization5 Level of management support required
by the organization6 Requirement for users of the network7 Budget for the network
25
Devices for Exchanging amp Transferring Data
Network Interface Card (NIC) Modem Hub
Passive hub Active hub Intelligence hub
Repeater Bridge Router Gateway
26
Network Interface Card (NIC) Network Interface Card (NIC) is a
computer circuit board or card that is installed in a computer so that it can be connected to a network
27
The MODEM
MODEM is a device that contains group of electronic circuits amp converts analog signals into digital signal amp vice versa
Types of MODEMS Internal Part of the motherboard External Device connected to the
computer using a serial port
28
Hub
The most basic networking device that connects multiple computers or other network devices together Has no intelligence (No routing tables) Can detect collisions Hub works in the physical layer (1st layer) of the
OSI model Hub has three basic types
Passive hub Active hub Intelligence hub
- عدا المحلیة الشبكات أنواع معظم في الكمبیوتر أجهزة تتصلجهاز ) عن عبارة محوریة(( coaxial cablesوهو كوابل تستخدم التي اإلیثرنت شبكات
(hub )الشبكي الموزع یدعى وهو الشبكة أجهزة بین مركزیة وصل نقطة بدور یقومالشبكة( segmentsببعضها ) قطع ربط هي ووظیفته
الموزعات أنواع ومن Passive Hub الخامل 1048696الموزع Active Hub النشط 1048696الموزع Intelligence Hub الذكي 1048696الموزع
رف ا لألط موزع الموزعات من النوع هذا ( Passive Hubیمثل الموزع ) أالخامل
) لقدرة) یحتاج وال اإلشارة یكبر وال اتصال عقدة یمثل وهو مشترك السلكیةكهربائیة
وkاعادة تقویتها على ویعمل اإلشارة ( Active Hubیستقبل النشط ) الموزع ب الشبكة اجهزة بین اكبر بمسافات یسمح مما االشارة مقوي مثل أخرى مرة تولیدها
الفعال الموزعات من نوع الذكي Intelligence Hubهو 1048696الموزع اهمیتها حسب البیانات توزیع مثل اضافیة بوظائف یقوم
29
Hub
Passive hub Does not regenerate signals Does not strength signals Simply retransmit signals No electricity required
Active hub Regenerate strength amp retransmit the signals Usually 8 - 12 Ports Require electricity Also Called lsquoMultiport Repeatersrsquo
Intelligence hub An active hub that have some network management
capabilities
30
Repeater
It is a device that amplify amp regenerate amp retransmit the signal over the network
Allows network expansion because it can increase number of connected devices to the network
Repeaters work on the physical layer (1st layer) of the OSI model
Cannot be used with Ethernet or Token Ring Benefits for using repeaters
1 Strengthening amp amplifying signals2 Expanding networks
31
Bridge
A device that is used to connect components amp devices of the network
Work on the Data link layer (2nd) of the OSI model
Could be used to expand the size of LAN networks
Have the ability to connect different types of cables (Twisted pair ndash Coaxial - etc)
32
Router
A Router is a network device that forward packets from one network to another
It is a smart device that forwards packets based on The current traffic conditions (load line
costs bad lines etc) Internal routing tables (Intelligent )
Work on the Network layer (3nd) of the OSI model
33
Different Types of Router
1 Static Router requires from the network administrator to install the routing table manually
2 Dynamic Router Requires from the network administrator to
install the routing table manually at the beginning only
After that the routing table is updated automatically amp the router chooses the best routing path based on the routing protocol
34
Gateway
A network gateway is an internetworking system capable of joining together two networks that use different base protocols
A network gateway can be implemented depending on the types of protocols they support in Software Hardware Or a combination of both
Network gateways can operate at any level of the OSI model
Able to convert the data from one format to another and from one encoding system to another
2
Outline What is the network Goals of the network Network Classification
By Distance By resource access By topology By transmission medium
Rules for choosing the most suitable type of network Devices for Exchanging amp Transferring Data
Network Interface Card (NIC) Modem Hub Repeater Bridge Router Gateway
3
What is the network
Connecting two or more computing devices using hardware and software to manage connection between devices so that it is possible to Share resources Exchange information
Resources refers to Hardware and software components that is prepared to be used for networks Such as1) hardware(printer hard disk processoretc) 2) software and systems (database management systems
extensive programs) 3) Data (video audio voice datahellipetc)
4
Goals of Networks
1) Sharing different resources regardless of the
distance
2) Using secondary computers in the case of any failure
or malfunction
3) Speeding up complicated operations such as (math
applications simulation) by using multiple
computers and processors
5
Requirement for building a network
1 At least two computers2 Network Interface Card (NIC)3 Transmission media (wired or wireless)4 Switch router or hub5 Application software
1 Operating System2 Network operating system3 Network management system4 Network protocols
6
Network Classification
1 By Distance Local Area Network (LAN) Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN) Wide Area Networks (WAN)
2 By resource access Peer-to-Peer network Server based network
3 By topology Bus Ring Star Mix
4 By transmission medium Wired Wireless
7
Local Area Network (LAN) Network computers are located relatively
close to each other (few kilometers in distance)
Limited to buildings owned by one organization
Advantages Efficiency amp speed in data transmission Less errors LAN components are cheap amp easily available
Disadvantages Difficulty to link different networks due to the
large number of rules Limitation in the geographic area
8
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
Used to cover medium size area around few kilometres) to link computers in the same city such as universities
Advantages Fast amp efficient in data transmission Possibility to connect computers in one city
Disadvantages Rarely used Difficulty in maintaining MAN due to its large
size
9
Wide Area Network (WAN) Consist of group of LANs connected to each
other to cover large geographic area Advantages
Possibility to connect thousands of computers Possibility to transfer large number of data Possibility to connect different LANs owned by
different organizations Disadvantages
Requires expensive hardware amp software Hard to operate Requires special kind of programs
10
Classifying Network by Resource Access
1 Peer to Peer (P2P) Networks2 ClientServer Network
11
Peer To Peer (P2P) Network
A-gtB When A sends request to use Brsquos projector A the client B the server
C-gtA When C sends request to use Arsquos printer C the Client B the server
A B
C
Peer-to-peer network architecture allows to connect two or more computers in order to share their resourcesExample
12
(P2P )Advantages amp Disadvantages
Advantages Inexpensive Does not require additional program to manage he
network Does not require high quality devices Easy to install amp operate
Disadvantages Time amp effort consumption due to the decentralized
management Not Secured Poor Performance when number of users increase
13
(P2P )Network Management
Every user in the P2P network is responsible for Managing his own computer Obtaining which resources will be shared in
the network Obtaining the sharing permission (read ndash
write ndash read ampwrite) for the shared resources
14
ClientServer Networks
ClientServer Networks a network in which one centralized powerful computer (called the server) is connected to many less powerful personal computers or workstations (called clients)
Server is a specially designed and very powerful computer with large storage fast processor amp large memory
Types of Servers File Servers Printer Servers Application Servers Communication Servers Database Servers
15
Client Server Networks
A wants to use the printer A sends request to the server Server responds by putting pc A in
the request queue When it is Arsquos turn it uses the
printer
C wants to use the database C sends request to the server Server responds by putting pc C in
the request queue When it is Crsquos turn it uses the
printer
A B
C
Server
Request
Response
16
Advantages of ClientServer Networks
1 Protecting data from loss and damage
2 Possibility to make scheduled backups
3 Possibility to increase number of users
4 The clients computers are inexpensive
5 Centralization of network resources in a single computer
6 Ease of data management and control
7 Highly secured
Why because the server allows only special persons to control the management of network resources to issue permissions for users to use the resources that they need
17
Disadvantages of Client Server Networks
1 Requires expensive programs2 Requires powerful computer to be
used as a server3 Requires network management4 When the server fails the entire
network stops
18
ClientServer Network Management
Client Server networks are managed using network management systems installed on the server computer so that it controls everything about the network including The network performance Statistical reports Monitoring clients Monitoring resources
19
Network Classification based on its topography
20
Bus Group of computer devices connected to each
other along the same backbone cable Advantages
Inexpensive Doesnrsquot require a lot of devices to work Easy to install and manage
Disadvantages When the backbone cable is broken the whole
network stop Increasing number of users in the network may
lead to collisions limited expansion
Ethernet example of a technology that uses bus topology
21
Ring
A computer network where each computer amp device are connected to each other forming a large
Data is sent around the ring until it reaches its final destination (Token Ring Approach)
Advantages Prevents data collisions Guarantee data arrival Give an equal chance of sending
Disadvantages If one of the connected devices fail the whole network
stop Very Slow
Token Ring amp FDDI are examples of technologies that uses ring topology
22
Star
Group of computer devices connected to each other with a central device
Advantages Easy to install amp maintain Inexpensive Uses twisted pair cables
Disadvantages If the central device fails the whole network
stop Fast Ethernet is an example of a
technology that uses star topology
23
Classifying networks based on transmission medium
Wired Networks Networks that use wires as a transmission medium
for transferring data Coaxial cables Twisted Cables Fiber Optic Cables
Wireless Network Networks that uses the air as a transmission
medium for transferring data Radio signals Microwave signals Laser Signals Infrared signals
24
Rules for choosing the most suitable type of network
1 Size of the organization2 Number of users in the network3 Level of security4 Type of the organization5 Level of management support required
by the organization6 Requirement for users of the network7 Budget for the network
25
Devices for Exchanging amp Transferring Data
Network Interface Card (NIC) Modem Hub
Passive hub Active hub Intelligence hub
Repeater Bridge Router Gateway
26
Network Interface Card (NIC) Network Interface Card (NIC) is a
computer circuit board or card that is installed in a computer so that it can be connected to a network
27
The MODEM
MODEM is a device that contains group of electronic circuits amp converts analog signals into digital signal amp vice versa
Types of MODEMS Internal Part of the motherboard External Device connected to the
computer using a serial port
28
Hub
The most basic networking device that connects multiple computers or other network devices together Has no intelligence (No routing tables) Can detect collisions Hub works in the physical layer (1st layer) of the
OSI model Hub has three basic types
Passive hub Active hub Intelligence hub
- عدا المحلیة الشبكات أنواع معظم في الكمبیوتر أجهزة تتصلجهاز ) عن عبارة محوریة(( coaxial cablesوهو كوابل تستخدم التي اإلیثرنت شبكات
(hub )الشبكي الموزع یدعى وهو الشبكة أجهزة بین مركزیة وصل نقطة بدور یقومالشبكة( segmentsببعضها ) قطع ربط هي ووظیفته
الموزعات أنواع ومن Passive Hub الخامل 1048696الموزع Active Hub النشط 1048696الموزع Intelligence Hub الذكي 1048696الموزع
رف ا لألط موزع الموزعات من النوع هذا ( Passive Hubیمثل الموزع ) أالخامل
) لقدرة) یحتاج وال اإلشارة یكبر وال اتصال عقدة یمثل وهو مشترك السلكیةكهربائیة
وkاعادة تقویتها على ویعمل اإلشارة ( Active Hubیستقبل النشط ) الموزع ب الشبكة اجهزة بین اكبر بمسافات یسمح مما االشارة مقوي مثل أخرى مرة تولیدها
الفعال الموزعات من نوع الذكي Intelligence Hubهو 1048696الموزع اهمیتها حسب البیانات توزیع مثل اضافیة بوظائف یقوم
29
Hub
Passive hub Does not regenerate signals Does not strength signals Simply retransmit signals No electricity required
Active hub Regenerate strength amp retransmit the signals Usually 8 - 12 Ports Require electricity Also Called lsquoMultiport Repeatersrsquo
Intelligence hub An active hub that have some network management
capabilities
30
Repeater
It is a device that amplify amp regenerate amp retransmit the signal over the network
Allows network expansion because it can increase number of connected devices to the network
Repeaters work on the physical layer (1st layer) of the OSI model
Cannot be used with Ethernet or Token Ring Benefits for using repeaters
1 Strengthening amp amplifying signals2 Expanding networks
31
Bridge
A device that is used to connect components amp devices of the network
Work on the Data link layer (2nd) of the OSI model
Could be used to expand the size of LAN networks
Have the ability to connect different types of cables (Twisted pair ndash Coaxial - etc)
32
Router
A Router is a network device that forward packets from one network to another
It is a smart device that forwards packets based on The current traffic conditions (load line
costs bad lines etc) Internal routing tables (Intelligent )
Work on the Network layer (3nd) of the OSI model
33
Different Types of Router
1 Static Router requires from the network administrator to install the routing table manually
2 Dynamic Router Requires from the network administrator to
install the routing table manually at the beginning only
After that the routing table is updated automatically amp the router chooses the best routing path based on the routing protocol
34
Gateway
A network gateway is an internetworking system capable of joining together two networks that use different base protocols
A network gateway can be implemented depending on the types of protocols they support in Software Hardware Or a combination of both
Network gateways can operate at any level of the OSI model
Able to convert the data from one format to another and from one encoding system to another
3
What is the network
Connecting two or more computing devices using hardware and software to manage connection between devices so that it is possible to Share resources Exchange information
Resources refers to Hardware and software components that is prepared to be used for networks Such as1) hardware(printer hard disk processoretc) 2) software and systems (database management systems
extensive programs) 3) Data (video audio voice datahellipetc)
4
Goals of Networks
1) Sharing different resources regardless of the
distance
2) Using secondary computers in the case of any failure
or malfunction
3) Speeding up complicated operations such as (math
applications simulation) by using multiple
computers and processors
5
Requirement for building a network
1 At least two computers2 Network Interface Card (NIC)3 Transmission media (wired or wireless)4 Switch router or hub5 Application software
1 Operating System2 Network operating system3 Network management system4 Network protocols
6
Network Classification
1 By Distance Local Area Network (LAN) Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN) Wide Area Networks (WAN)
2 By resource access Peer-to-Peer network Server based network
3 By topology Bus Ring Star Mix
4 By transmission medium Wired Wireless
7
Local Area Network (LAN) Network computers are located relatively
close to each other (few kilometers in distance)
Limited to buildings owned by one organization
Advantages Efficiency amp speed in data transmission Less errors LAN components are cheap amp easily available
Disadvantages Difficulty to link different networks due to the
large number of rules Limitation in the geographic area
8
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
Used to cover medium size area around few kilometres) to link computers in the same city such as universities
Advantages Fast amp efficient in data transmission Possibility to connect computers in one city
Disadvantages Rarely used Difficulty in maintaining MAN due to its large
size
9
Wide Area Network (WAN) Consist of group of LANs connected to each
other to cover large geographic area Advantages
Possibility to connect thousands of computers Possibility to transfer large number of data Possibility to connect different LANs owned by
different organizations Disadvantages
Requires expensive hardware amp software Hard to operate Requires special kind of programs
10
Classifying Network by Resource Access
1 Peer to Peer (P2P) Networks2 ClientServer Network
11
Peer To Peer (P2P) Network
A-gtB When A sends request to use Brsquos projector A the client B the server
C-gtA When C sends request to use Arsquos printer C the Client B the server
A B
C
Peer-to-peer network architecture allows to connect two or more computers in order to share their resourcesExample
12
(P2P )Advantages amp Disadvantages
Advantages Inexpensive Does not require additional program to manage he
network Does not require high quality devices Easy to install amp operate
Disadvantages Time amp effort consumption due to the decentralized
management Not Secured Poor Performance when number of users increase
13
(P2P )Network Management
Every user in the P2P network is responsible for Managing his own computer Obtaining which resources will be shared in
the network Obtaining the sharing permission (read ndash
write ndash read ampwrite) for the shared resources
14
ClientServer Networks
ClientServer Networks a network in which one centralized powerful computer (called the server) is connected to many less powerful personal computers or workstations (called clients)
Server is a specially designed and very powerful computer with large storage fast processor amp large memory
Types of Servers File Servers Printer Servers Application Servers Communication Servers Database Servers
15
Client Server Networks
A wants to use the printer A sends request to the server Server responds by putting pc A in
the request queue When it is Arsquos turn it uses the
printer
C wants to use the database C sends request to the server Server responds by putting pc C in
the request queue When it is Crsquos turn it uses the
printer
A B
C
Server
Request
Response
16
Advantages of ClientServer Networks
1 Protecting data from loss and damage
2 Possibility to make scheduled backups
3 Possibility to increase number of users
4 The clients computers are inexpensive
5 Centralization of network resources in a single computer
6 Ease of data management and control
7 Highly secured
Why because the server allows only special persons to control the management of network resources to issue permissions for users to use the resources that they need
17
Disadvantages of Client Server Networks
1 Requires expensive programs2 Requires powerful computer to be
used as a server3 Requires network management4 When the server fails the entire
network stops
18
ClientServer Network Management
Client Server networks are managed using network management systems installed on the server computer so that it controls everything about the network including The network performance Statistical reports Monitoring clients Monitoring resources
19
Network Classification based on its topography
20
Bus Group of computer devices connected to each
other along the same backbone cable Advantages
Inexpensive Doesnrsquot require a lot of devices to work Easy to install and manage
Disadvantages When the backbone cable is broken the whole
network stop Increasing number of users in the network may
lead to collisions limited expansion
Ethernet example of a technology that uses bus topology
21
Ring
A computer network where each computer amp device are connected to each other forming a large
Data is sent around the ring until it reaches its final destination (Token Ring Approach)
Advantages Prevents data collisions Guarantee data arrival Give an equal chance of sending
Disadvantages If one of the connected devices fail the whole network
stop Very Slow
Token Ring amp FDDI are examples of technologies that uses ring topology
22
Star
Group of computer devices connected to each other with a central device
Advantages Easy to install amp maintain Inexpensive Uses twisted pair cables
Disadvantages If the central device fails the whole network
stop Fast Ethernet is an example of a
technology that uses star topology
23
Classifying networks based on transmission medium
Wired Networks Networks that use wires as a transmission medium
for transferring data Coaxial cables Twisted Cables Fiber Optic Cables
Wireless Network Networks that uses the air as a transmission
medium for transferring data Radio signals Microwave signals Laser Signals Infrared signals
24
Rules for choosing the most suitable type of network
1 Size of the organization2 Number of users in the network3 Level of security4 Type of the organization5 Level of management support required
by the organization6 Requirement for users of the network7 Budget for the network
25
Devices for Exchanging amp Transferring Data
Network Interface Card (NIC) Modem Hub
Passive hub Active hub Intelligence hub
Repeater Bridge Router Gateway
26
Network Interface Card (NIC) Network Interface Card (NIC) is a
computer circuit board or card that is installed in a computer so that it can be connected to a network
27
The MODEM
MODEM is a device that contains group of electronic circuits amp converts analog signals into digital signal amp vice versa
Types of MODEMS Internal Part of the motherboard External Device connected to the
computer using a serial port
28
Hub
The most basic networking device that connects multiple computers or other network devices together Has no intelligence (No routing tables) Can detect collisions Hub works in the physical layer (1st layer) of the
OSI model Hub has three basic types
Passive hub Active hub Intelligence hub
- عدا المحلیة الشبكات أنواع معظم في الكمبیوتر أجهزة تتصلجهاز ) عن عبارة محوریة(( coaxial cablesوهو كوابل تستخدم التي اإلیثرنت شبكات
(hub )الشبكي الموزع یدعى وهو الشبكة أجهزة بین مركزیة وصل نقطة بدور یقومالشبكة( segmentsببعضها ) قطع ربط هي ووظیفته
الموزعات أنواع ومن Passive Hub الخامل 1048696الموزع Active Hub النشط 1048696الموزع Intelligence Hub الذكي 1048696الموزع
رف ا لألط موزع الموزعات من النوع هذا ( Passive Hubیمثل الموزع ) أالخامل
) لقدرة) یحتاج وال اإلشارة یكبر وال اتصال عقدة یمثل وهو مشترك السلكیةكهربائیة
وkاعادة تقویتها على ویعمل اإلشارة ( Active Hubیستقبل النشط ) الموزع ب الشبكة اجهزة بین اكبر بمسافات یسمح مما االشارة مقوي مثل أخرى مرة تولیدها
الفعال الموزعات من نوع الذكي Intelligence Hubهو 1048696الموزع اهمیتها حسب البیانات توزیع مثل اضافیة بوظائف یقوم
29
Hub
Passive hub Does not regenerate signals Does not strength signals Simply retransmit signals No electricity required
Active hub Regenerate strength amp retransmit the signals Usually 8 - 12 Ports Require electricity Also Called lsquoMultiport Repeatersrsquo
Intelligence hub An active hub that have some network management
capabilities
30
Repeater
It is a device that amplify amp regenerate amp retransmit the signal over the network
Allows network expansion because it can increase number of connected devices to the network
Repeaters work on the physical layer (1st layer) of the OSI model
Cannot be used with Ethernet or Token Ring Benefits for using repeaters
1 Strengthening amp amplifying signals2 Expanding networks
31
Bridge
A device that is used to connect components amp devices of the network
Work on the Data link layer (2nd) of the OSI model
Could be used to expand the size of LAN networks
Have the ability to connect different types of cables (Twisted pair ndash Coaxial - etc)
32
Router
A Router is a network device that forward packets from one network to another
It is a smart device that forwards packets based on The current traffic conditions (load line
costs bad lines etc) Internal routing tables (Intelligent )
Work on the Network layer (3nd) of the OSI model
33
Different Types of Router
1 Static Router requires from the network administrator to install the routing table manually
2 Dynamic Router Requires from the network administrator to
install the routing table manually at the beginning only
After that the routing table is updated automatically amp the router chooses the best routing path based on the routing protocol
34
Gateway
A network gateway is an internetworking system capable of joining together two networks that use different base protocols
A network gateway can be implemented depending on the types of protocols they support in Software Hardware Or a combination of both
Network gateways can operate at any level of the OSI model
Able to convert the data from one format to another and from one encoding system to another
4
Goals of Networks
1) Sharing different resources regardless of the
distance
2) Using secondary computers in the case of any failure
or malfunction
3) Speeding up complicated operations such as (math
applications simulation) by using multiple
computers and processors
5
Requirement for building a network
1 At least two computers2 Network Interface Card (NIC)3 Transmission media (wired or wireless)4 Switch router or hub5 Application software
1 Operating System2 Network operating system3 Network management system4 Network protocols
6
Network Classification
1 By Distance Local Area Network (LAN) Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN) Wide Area Networks (WAN)
2 By resource access Peer-to-Peer network Server based network
3 By topology Bus Ring Star Mix
4 By transmission medium Wired Wireless
7
Local Area Network (LAN) Network computers are located relatively
close to each other (few kilometers in distance)
Limited to buildings owned by one organization
Advantages Efficiency amp speed in data transmission Less errors LAN components are cheap amp easily available
Disadvantages Difficulty to link different networks due to the
large number of rules Limitation in the geographic area
8
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
Used to cover medium size area around few kilometres) to link computers in the same city such as universities
Advantages Fast amp efficient in data transmission Possibility to connect computers in one city
Disadvantages Rarely used Difficulty in maintaining MAN due to its large
size
9
Wide Area Network (WAN) Consist of group of LANs connected to each
other to cover large geographic area Advantages
Possibility to connect thousands of computers Possibility to transfer large number of data Possibility to connect different LANs owned by
different organizations Disadvantages
Requires expensive hardware amp software Hard to operate Requires special kind of programs
10
Classifying Network by Resource Access
1 Peer to Peer (P2P) Networks2 ClientServer Network
11
Peer To Peer (P2P) Network
A-gtB When A sends request to use Brsquos projector A the client B the server
C-gtA When C sends request to use Arsquos printer C the Client B the server
A B
C
Peer-to-peer network architecture allows to connect two or more computers in order to share their resourcesExample
12
(P2P )Advantages amp Disadvantages
Advantages Inexpensive Does not require additional program to manage he
network Does not require high quality devices Easy to install amp operate
Disadvantages Time amp effort consumption due to the decentralized
management Not Secured Poor Performance when number of users increase
13
(P2P )Network Management
Every user in the P2P network is responsible for Managing his own computer Obtaining which resources will be shared in
the network Obtaining the sharing permission (read ndash
write ndash read ampwrite) for the shared resources
14
ClientServer Networks
ClientServer Networks a network in which one centralized powerful computer (called the server) is connected to many less powerful personal computers or workstations (called clients)
Server is a specially designed and very powerful computer with large storage fast processor amp large memory
Types of Servers File Servers Printer Servers Application Servers Communication Servers Database Servers
15
Client Server Networks
A wants to use the printer A sends request to the server Server responds by putting pc A in
the request queue When it is Arsquos turn it uses the
printer
C wants to use the database C sends request to the server Server responds by putting pc C in
the request queue When it is Crsquos turn it uses the
printer
A B
C
Server
Request
Response
16
Advantages of ClientServer Networks
1 Protecting data from loss and damage
2 Possibility to make scheduled backups
3 Possibility to increase number of users
4 The clients computers are inexpensive
5 Centralization of network resources in a single computer
6 Ease of data management and control
7 Highly secured
Why because the server allows only special persons to control the management of network resources to issue permissions for users to use the resources that they need
17
Disadvantages of Client Server Networks
1 Requires expensive programs2 Requires powerful computer to be
used as a server3 Requires network management4 When the server fails the entire
network stops
18
ClientServer Network Management
Client Server networks are managed using network management systems installed on the server computer so that it controls everything about the network including The network performance Statistical reports Monitoring clients Monitoring resources
19
Network Classification based on its topography
20
Bus Group of computer devices connected to each
other along the same backbone cable Advantages
Inexpensive Doesnrsquot require a lot of devices to work Easy to install and manage
Disadvantages When the backbone cable is broken the whole
network stop Increasing number of users in the network may
lead to collisions limited expansion
Ethernet example of a technology that uses bus topology
21
Ring
A computer network where each computer amp device are connected to each other forming a large
Data is sent around the ring until it reaches its final destination (Token Ring Approach)
Advantages Prevents data collisions Guarantee data arrival Give an equal chance of sending
Disadvantages If one of the connected devices fail the whole network
stop Very Slow
Token Ring amp FDDI are examples of technologies that uses ring topology
22
Star
Group of computer devices connected to each other with a central device
Advantages Easy to install amp maintain Inexpensive Uses twisted pair cables
Disadvantages If the central device fails the whole network
stop Fast Ethernet is an example of a
technology that uses star topology
23
Classifying networks based on transmission medium
Wired Networks Networks that use wires as a transmission medium
for transferring data Coaxial cables Twisted Cables Fiber Optic Cables
Wireless Network Networks that uses the air as a transmission
medium for transferring data Radio signals Microwave signals Laser Signals Infrared signals
24
Rules for choosing the most suitable type of network
1 Size of the organization2 Number of users in the network3 Level of security4 Type of the organization5 Level of management support required
by the organization6 Requirement for users of the network7 Budget for the network
25
Devices for Exchanging amp Transferring Data
Network Interface Card (NIC) Modem Hub
Passive hub Active hub Intelligence hub
Repeater Bridge Router Gateway
26
Network Interface Card (NIC) Network Interface Card (NIC) is a
computer circuit board or card that is installed in a computer so that it can be connected to a network
27
The MODEM
MODEM is a device that contains group of electronic circuits amp converts analog signals into digital signal amp vice versa
Types of MODEMS Internal Part of the motherboard External Device connected to the
computer using a serial port
28
Hub
The most basic networking device that connects multiple computers or other network devices together Has no intelligence (No routing tables) Can detect collisions Hub works in the physical layer (1st layer) of the
OSI model Hub has three basic types
Passive hub Active hub Intelligence hub
- عدا المحلیة الشبكات أنواع معظم في الكمبیوتر أجهزة تتصلجهاز ) عن عبارة محوریة(( coaxial cablesوهو كوابل تستخدم التي اإلیثرنت شبكات
(hub )الشبكي الموزع یدعى وهو الشبكة أجهزة بین مركزیة وصل نقطة بدور یقومالشبكة( segmentsببعضها ) قطع ربط هي ووظیفته
الموزعات أنواع ومن Passive Hub الخامل 1048696الموزع Active Hub النشط 1048696الموزع Intelligence Hub الذكي 1048696الموزع
رف ا لألط موزع الموزعات من النوع هذا ( Passive Hubیمثل الموزع ) أالخامل
) لقدرة) یحتاج وال اإلشارة یكبر وال اتصال عقدة یمثل وهو مشترك السلكیةكهربائیة
وkاعادة تقویتها على ویعمل اإلشارة ( Active Hubیستقبل النشط ) الموزع ب الشبكة اجهزة بین اكبر بمسافات یسمح مما االشارة مقوي مثل أخرى مرة تولیدها
الفعال الموزعات من نوع الذكي Intelligence Hubهو 1048696الموزع اهمیتها حسب البیانات توزیع مثل اضافیة بوظائف یقوم
29
Hub
Passive hub Does not regenerate signals Does not strength signals Simply retransmit signals No electricity required
Active hub Regenerate strength amp retransmit the signals Usually 8 - 12 Ports Require electricity Also Called lsquoMultiport Repeatersrsquo
Intelligence hub An active hub that have some network management
capabilities
30
Repeater
It is a device that amplify amp regenerate amp retransmit the signal over the network
Allows network expansion because it can increase number of connected devices to the network
Repeaters work on the physical layer (1st layer) of the OSI model
Cannot be used with Ethernet or Token Ring Benefits for using repeaters
1 Strengthening amp amplifying signals2 Expanding networks
31
Bridge
A device that is used to connect components amp devices of the network
Work on the Data link layer (2nd) of the OSI model
Could be used to expand the size of LAN networks
Have the ability to connect different types of cables (Twisted pair ndash Coaxial - etc)
32
Router
A Router is a network device that forward packets from one network to another
It is a smart device that forwards packets based on The current traffic conditions (load line
costs bad lines etc) Internal routing tables (Intelligent )
Work on the Network layer (3nd) of the OSI model
33
Different Types of Router
1 Static Router requires from the network administrator to install the routing table manually
2 Dynamic Router Requires from the network administrator to
install the routing table manually at the beginning only
After that the routing table is updated automatically amp the router chooses the best routing path based on the routing protocol
34
Gateway
A network gateway is an internetworking system capable of joining together two networks that use different base protocols
A network gateway can be implemented depending on the types of protocols they support in Software Hardware Or a combination of both
Network gateways can operate at any level of the OSI model
Able to convert the data from one format to another and from one encoding system to another
5
Requirement for building a network
1 At least two computers2 Network Interface Card (NIC)3 Transmission media (wired or wireless)4 Switch router or hub5 Application software
1 Operating System2 Network operating system3 Network management system4 Network protocols
6
Network Classification
1 By Distance Local Area Network (LAN) Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN) Wide Area Networks (WAN)
2 By resource access Peer-to-Peer network Server based network
3 By topology Bus Ring Star Mix
4 By transmission medium Wired Wireless
7
Local Area Network (LAN) Network computers are located relatively
close to each other (few kilometers in distance)
Limited to buildings owned by one organization
Advantages Efficiency amp speed in data transmission Less errors LAN components are cheap amp easily available
Disadvantages Difficulty to link different networks due to the
large number of rules Limitation in the geographic area
8
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
Used to cover medium size area around few kilometres) to link computers in the same city such as universities
Advantages Fast amp efficient in data transmission Possibility to connect computers in one city
Disadvantages Rarely used Difficulty in maintaining MAN due to its large
size
9
Wide Area Network (WAN) Consist of group of LANs connected to each
other to cover large geographic area Advantages
Possibility to connect thousands of computers Possibility to transfer large number of data Possibility to connect different LANs owned by
different organizations Disadvantages
Requires expensive hardware amp software Hard to operate Requires special kind of programs
10
Classifying Network by Resource Access
1 Peer to Peer (P2P) Networks2 ClientServer Network
11
Peer To Peer (P2P) Network
A-gtB When A sends request to use Brsquos projector A the client B the server
C-gtA When C sends request to use Arsquos printer C the Client B the server
A B
C
Peer-to-peer network architecture allows to connect two or more computers in order to share their resourcesExample
12
(P2P )Advantages amp Disadvantages
Advantages Inexpensive Does not require additional program to manage he
network Does not require high quality devices Easy to install amp operate
Disadvantages Time amp effort consumption due to the decentralized
management Not Secured Poor Performance when number of users increase
13
(P2P )Network Management
Every user in the P2P network is responsible for Managing his own computer Obtaining which resources will be shared in
the network Obtaining the sharing permission (read ndash
write ndash read ampwrite) for the shared resources
14
ClientServer Networks
ClientServer Networks a network in which one centralized powerful computer (called the server) is connected to many less powerful personal computers or workstations (called clients)
Server is a specially designed and very powerful computer with large storage fast processor amp large memory
Types of Servers File Servers Printer Servers Application Servers Communication Servers Database Servers
15
Client Server Networks
A wants to use the printer A sends request to the server Server responds by putting pc A in
the request queue When it is Arsquos turn it uses the
printer
C wants to use the database C sends request to the server Server responds by putting pc C in
the request queue When it is Crsquos turn it uses the
printer
A B
C
Server
Request
Response
16
Advantages of ClientServer Networks
1 Protecting data from loss and damage
2 Possibility to make scheduled backups
3 Possibility to increase number of users
4 The clients computers are inexpensive
5 Centralization of network resources in a single computer
6 Ease of data management and control
7 Highly secured
Why because the server allows only special persons to control the management of network resources to issue permissions for users to use the resources that they need
17
Disadvantages of Client Server Networks
1 Requires expensive programs2 Requires powerful computer to be
used as a server3 Requires network management4 When the server fails the entire
network stops
18
ClientServer Network Management
Client Server networks are managed using network management systems installed on the server computer so that it controls everything about the network including The network performance Statistical reports Monitoring clients Monitoring resources
19
Network Classification based on its topography
20
Bus Group of computer devices connected to each
other along the same backbone cable Advantages
Inexpensive Doesnrsquot require a lot of devices to work Easy to install and manage
Disadvantages When the backbone cable is broken the whole
network stop Increasing number of users in the network may
lead to collisions limited expansion
Ethernet example of a technology that uses bus topology
21
Ring
A computer network where each computer amp device are connected to each other forming a large
Data is sent around the ring until it reaches its final destination (Token Ring Approach)
Advantages Prevents data collisions Guarantee data arrival Give an equal chance of sending
Disadvantages If one of the connected devices fail the whole network
stop Very Slow
Token Ring amp FDDI are examples of technologies that uses ring topology
22
Star
Group of computer devices connected to each other with a central device
Advantages Easy to install amp maintain Inexpensive Uses twisted pair cables
Disadvantages If the central device fails the whole network
stop Fast Ethernet is an example of a
technology that uses star topology
23
Classifying networks based on transmission medium
Wired Networks Networks that use wires as a transmission medium
for transferring data Coaxial cables Twisted Cables Fiber Optic Cables
Wireless Network Networks that uses the air as a transmission
medium for transferring data Radio signals Microwave signals Laser Signals Infrared signals
24
Rules for choosing the most suitable type of network
1 Size of the organization2 Number of users in the network3 Level of security4 Type of the organization5 Level of management support required
by the organization6 Requirement for users of the network7 Budget for the network
25
Devices for Exchanging amp Transferring Data
Network Interface Card (NIC) Modem Hub
Passive hub Active hub Intelligence hub
Repeater Bridge Router Gateway
26
Network Interface Card (NIC) Network Interface Card (NIC) is a
computer circuit board or card that is installed in a computer so that it can be connected to a network
27
The MODEM
MODEM is a device that contains group of electronic circuits amp converts analog signals into digital signal amp vice versa
Types of MODEMS Internal Part of the motherboard External Device connected to the
computer using a serial port
28
Hub
The most basic networking device that connects multiple computers or other network devices together Has no intelligence (No routing tables) Can detect collisions Hub works in the physical layer (1st layer) of the
OSI model Hub has three basic types
Passive hub Active hub Intelligence hub
- عدا المحلیة الشبكات أنواع معظم في الكمبیوتر أجهزة تتصلجهاز ) عن عبارة محوریة(( coaxial cablesوهو كوابل تستخدم التي اإلیثرنت شبكات
(hub )الشبكي الموزع یدعى وهو الشبكة أجهزة بین مركزیة وصل نقطة بدور یقومالشبكة( segmentsببعضها ) قطع ربط هي ووظیفته
الموزعات أنواع ومن Passive Hub الخامل 1048696الموزع Active Hub النشط 1048696الموزع Intelligence Hub الذكي 1048696الموزع
رف ا لألط موزع الموزعات من النوع هذا ( Passive Hubیمثل الموزع ) أالخامل
) لقدرة) یحتاج وال اإلشارة یكبر وال اتصال عقدة یمثل وهو مشترك السلكیةكهربائیة
وkاعادة تقویتها على ویعمل اإلشارة ( Active Hubیستقبل النشط ) الموزع ب الشبكة اجهزة بین اكبر بمسافات یسمح مما االشارة مقوي مثل أخرى مرة تولیدها
الفعال الموزعات من نوع الذكي Intelligence Hubهو 1048696الموزع اهمیتها حسب البیانات توزیع مثل اضافیة بوظائف یقوم
29
Hub
Passive hub Does not regenerate signals Does not strength signals Simply retransmit signals No electricity required
Active hub Regenerate strength amp retransmit the signals Usually 8 - 12 Ports Require electricity Also Called lsquoMultiport Repeatersrsquo
Intelligence hub An active hub that have some network management
capabilities
30
Repeater
It is a device that amplify amp regenerate amp retransmit the signal over the network
Allows network expansion because it can increase number of connected devices to the network
Repeaters work on the physical layer (1st layer) of the OSI model
Cannot be used with Ethernet or Token Ring Benefits for using repeaters
1 Strengthening amp amplifying signals2 Expanding networks
31
Bridge
A device that is used to connect components amp devices of the network
Work on the Data link layer (2nd) of the OSI model
Could be used to expand the size of LAN networks
Have the ability to connect different types of cables (Twisted pair ndash Coaxial - etc)
32
Router
A Router is a network device that forward packets from one network to another
It is a smart device that forwards packets based on The current traffic conditions (load line
costs bad lines etc) Internal routing tables (Intelligent )
Work on the Network layer (3nd) of the OSI model
33
Different Types of Router
1 Static Router requires from the network administrator to install the routing table manually
2 Dynamic Router Requires from the network administrator to
install the routing table manually at the beginning only
After that the routing table is updated automatically amp the router chooses the best routing path based on the routing protocol
34
Gateway
A network gateway is an internetworking system capable of joining together two networks that use different base protocols
A network gateway can be implemented depending on the types of protocols they support in Software Hardware Or a combination of both
Network gateways can operate at any level of the OSI model
Able to convert the data from one format to another and from one encoding system to another
6
Network Classification
1 By Distance Local Area Network (LAN) Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN) Wide Area Networks (WAN)
2 By resource access Peer-to-Peer network Server based network
3 By topology Bus Ring Star Mix
4 By transmission medium Wired Wireless
7
Local Area Network (LAN) Network computers are located relatively
close to each other (few kilometers in distance)
Limited to buildings owned by one organization
Advantages Efficiency amp speed in data transmission Less errors LAN components are cheap amp easily available
Disadvantages Difficulty to link different networks due to the
large number of rules Limitation in the geographic area
8
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
Used to cover medium size area around few kilometres) to link computers in the same city such as universities
Advantages Fast amp efficient in data transmission Possibility to connect computers in one city
Disadvantages Rarely used Difficulty in maintaining MAN due to its large
size
9
Wide Area Network (WAN) Consist of group of LANs connected to each
other to cover large geographic area Advantages
Possibility to connect thousands of computers Possibility to transfer large number of data Possibility to connect different LANs owned by
different organizations Disadvantages
Requires expensive hardware amp software Hard to operate Requires special kind of programs
10
Classifying Network by Resource Access
1 Peer to Peer (P2P) Networks2 ClientServer Network
11
Peer To Peer (P2P) Network
A-gtB When A sends request to use Brsquos projector A the client B the server
C-gtA When C sends request to use Arsquos printer C the Client B the server
A B
C
Peer-to-peer network architecture allows to connect two or more computers in order to share their resourcesExample
12
(P2P )Advantages amp Disadvantages
Advantages Inexpensive Does not require additional program to manage he
network Does not require high quality devices Easy to install amp operate
Disadvantages Time amp effort consumption due to the decentralized
management Not Secured Poor Performance when number of users increase
13
(P2P )Network Management
Every user in the P2P network is responsible for Managing his own computer Obtaining which resources will be shared in
the network Obtaining the sharing permission (read ndash
write ndash read ampwrite) for the shared resources
14
ClientServer Networks
ClientServer Networks a network in which one centralized powerful computer (called the server) is connected to many less powerful personal computers or workstations (called clients)
Server is a specially designed and very powerful computer with large storage fast processor amp large memory
Types of Servers File Servers Printer Servers Application Servers Communication Servers Database Servers
15
Client Server Networks
A wants to use the printer A sends request to the server Server responds by putting pc A in
the request queue When it is Arsquos turn it uses the
printer
C wants to use the database C sends request to the server Server responds by putting pc C in
the request queue When it is Crsquos turn it uses the
printer
A B
C
Server
Request
Response
16
Advantages of ClientServer Networks
1 Protecting data from loss and damage
2 Possibility to make scheduled backups
3 Possibility to increase number of users
4 The clients computers are inexpensive
5 Centralization of network resources in a single computer
6 Ease of data management and control
7 Highly secured
Why because the server allows only special persons to control the management of network resources to issue permissions for users to use the resources that they need
17
Disadvantages of Client Server Networks
1 Requires expensive programs2 Requires powerful computer to be
used as a server3 Requires network management4 When the server fails the entire
network stops
18
ClientServer Network Management
Client Server networks are managed using network management systems installed on the server computer so that it controls everything about the network including The network performance Statistical reports Monitoring clients Monitoring resources
19
Network Classification based on its topography
20
Bus Group of computer devices connected to each
other along the same backbone cable Advantages
Inexpensive Doesnrsquot require a lot of devices to work Easy to install and manage
Disadvantages When the backbone cable is broken the whole
network stop Increasing number of users in the network may
lead to collisions limited expansion
Ethernet example of a technology that uses bus topology
21
Ring
A computer network where each computer amp device are connected to each other forming a large
Data is sent around the ring until it reaches its final destination (Token Ring Approach)
Advantages Prevents data collisions Guarantee data arrival Give an equal chance of sending
Disadvantages If one of the connected devices fail the whole network
stop Very Slow
Token Ring amp FDDI are examples of technologies that uses ring topology
22
Star
Group of computer devices connected to each other with a central device
Advantages Easy to install amp maintain Inexpensive Uses twisted pair cables
Disadvantages If the central device fails the whole network
stop Fast Ethernet is an example of a
technology that uses star topology
23
Classifying networks based on transmission medium
Wired Networks Networks that use wires as a transmission medium
for transferring data Coaxial cables Twisted Cables Fiber Optic Cables
Wireless Network Networks that uses the air as a transmission
medium for transferring data Radio signals Microwave signals Laser Signals Infrared signals
24
Rules for choosing the most suitable type of network
1 Size of the organization2 Number of users in the network3 Level of security4 Type of the organization5 Level of management support required
by the organization6 Requirement for users of the network7 Budget for the network
25
Devices for Exchanging amp Transferring Data
Network Interface Card (NIC) Modem Hub
Passive hub Active hub Intelligence hub
Repeater Bridge Router Gateway
26
Network Interface Card (NIC) Network Interface Card (NIC) is a
computer circuit board or card that is installed in a computer so that it can be connected to a network
27
The MODEM
MODEM is a device that contains group of electronic circuits amp converts analog signals into digital signal amp vice versa
Types of MODEMS Internal Part of the motherboard External Device connected to the
computer using a serial port
28
Hub
The most basic networking device that connects multiple computers or other network devices together Has no intelligence (No routing tables) Can detect collisions Hub works in the physical layer (1st layer) of the
OSI model Hub has three basic types
Passive hub Active hub Intelligence hub
- عدا المحلیة الشبكات أنواع معظم في الكمبیوتر أجهزة تتصلجهاز ) عن عبارة محوریة(( coaxial cablesوهو كوابل تستخدم التي اإلیثرنت شبكات
(hub )الشبكي الموزع یدعى وهو الشبكة أجهزة بین مركزیة وصل نقطة بدور یقومالشبكة( segmentsببعضها ) قطع ربط هي ووظیفته
الموزعات أنواع ومن Passive Hub الخامل 1048696الموزع Active Hub النشط 1048696الموزع Intelligence Hub الذكي 1048696الموزع
رف ا لألط موزع الموزعات من النوع هذا ( Passive Hubیمثل الموزع ) أالخامل
) لقدرة) یحتاج وال اإلشارة یكبر وال اتصال عقدة یمثل وهو مشترك السلكیةكهربائیة
وkاعادة تقویتها على ویعمل اإلشارة ( Active Hubیستقبل النشط ) الموزع ب الشبكة اجهزة بین اكبر بمسافات یسمح مما االشارة مقوي مثل أخرى مرة تولیدها
الفعال الموزعات من نوع الذكي Intelligence Hubهو 1048696الموزع اهمیتها حسب البیانات توزیع مثل اضافیة بوظائف یقوم
29
Hub
Passive hub Does not regenerate signals Does not strength signals Simply retransmit signals No electricity required
Active hub Regenerate strength amp retransmit the signals Usually 8 - 12 Ports Require electricity Also Called lsquoMultiport Repeatersrsquo
Intelligence hub An active hub that have some network management
capabilities
30
Repeater
It is a device that amplify amp regenerate amp retransmit the signal over the network
Allows network expansion because it can increase number of connected devices to the network
Repeaters work on the physical layer (1st layer) of the OSI model
Cannot be used with Ethernet or Token Ring Benefits for using repeaters
1 Strengthening amp amplifying signals2 Expanding networks
31
Bridge
A device that is used to connect components amp devices of the network
Work on the Data link layer (2nd) of the OSI model
Could be used to expand the size of LAN networks
Have the ability to connect different types of cables (Twisted pair ndash Coaxial - etc)
32
Router
A Router is a network device that forward packets from one network to another
It is a smart device that forwards packets based on The current traffic conditions (load line
costs bad lines etc) Internal routing tables (Intelligent )
Work on the Network layer (3nd) of the OSI model
33
Different Types of Router
1 Static Router requires from the network administrator to install the routing table manually
2 Dynamic Router Requires from the network administrator to
install the routing table manually at the beginning only
After that the routing table is updated automatically amp the router chooses the best routing path based on the routing protocol
34
Gateway
A network gateway is an internetworking system capable of joining together two networks that use different base protocols
A network gateway can be implemented depending on the types of protocols they support in Software Hardware Or a combination of both
Network gateways can operate at any level of the OSI model
Able to convert the data from one format to another and from one encoding system to another
7
Local Area Network (LAN) Network computers are located relatively
close to each other (few kilometers in distance)
Limited to buildings owned by one organization
Advantages Efficiency amp speed in data transmission Less errors LAN components are cheap amp easily available
Disadvantages Difficulty to link different networks due to the
large number of rules Limitation in the geographic area
8
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
Used to cover medium size area around few kilometres) to link computers in the same city such as universities
Advantages Fast amp efficient in data transmission Possibility to connect computers in one city
Disadvantages Rarely used Difficulty in maintaining MAN due to its large
size
9
Wide Area Network (WAN) Consist of group of LANs connected to each
other to cover large geographic area Advantages
Possibility to connect thousands of computers Possibility to transfer large number of data Possibility to connect different LANs owned by
different organizations Disadvantages
Requires expensive hardware amp software Hard to operate Requires special kind of programs
10
Classifying Network by Resource Access
1 Peer to Peer (P2P) Networks2 ClientServer Network
11
Peer To Peer (P2P) Network
A-gtB When A sends request to use Brsquos projector A the client B the server
C-gtA When C sends request to use Arsquos printer C the Client B the server
A B
C
Peer-to-peer network architecture allows to connect two or more computers in order to share their resourcesExample
12
(P2P )Advantages amp Disadvantages
Advantages Inexpensive Does not require additional program to manage he
network Does not require high quality devices Easy to install amp operate
Disadvantages Time amp effort consumption due to the decentralized
management Not Secured Poor Performance when number of users increase
13
(P2P )Network Management
Every user in the P2P network is responsible for Managing his own computer Obtaining which resources will be shared in
the network Obtaining the sharing permission (read ndash
write ndash read ampwrite) for the shared resources
14
ClientServer Networks
ClientServer Networks a network in which one centralized powerful computer (called the server) is connected to many less powerful personal computers or workstations (called clients)
Server is a specially designed and very powerful computer with large storage fast processor amp large memory
Types of Servers File Servers Printer Servers Application Servers Communication Servers Database Servers
15
Client Server Networks
A wants to use the printer A sends request to the server Server responds by putting pc A in
the request queue When it is Arsquos turn it uses the
printer
C wants to use the database C sends request to the server Server responds by putting pc C in
the request queue When it is Crsquos turn it uses the
printer
A B
C
Server
Request
Response
16
Advantages of ClientServer Networks
1 Protecting data from loss and damage
2 Possibility to make scheduled backups
3 Possibility to increase number of users
4 The clients computers are inexpensive
5 Centralization of network resources in a single computer
6 Ease of data management and control
7 Highly secured
Why because the server allows only special persons to control the management of network resources to issue permissions for users to use the resources that they need
17
Disadvantages of Client Server Networks
1 Requires expensive programs2 Requires powerful computer to be
used as a server3 Requires network management4 When the server fails the entire
network stops
18
ClientServer Network Management
Client Server networks are managed using network management systems installed on the server computer so that it controls everything about the network including The network performance Statistical reports Monitoring clients Monitoring resources
19
Network Classification based on its topography
20
Bus Group of computer devices connected to each
other along the same backbone cable Advantages
Inexpensive Doesnrsquot require a lot of devices to work Easy to install and manage
Disadvantages When the backbone cable is broken the whole
network stop Increasing number of users in the network may
lead to collisions limited expansion
Ethernet example of a technology that uses bus topology
21
Ring
A computer network where each computer amp device are connected to each other forming a large
Data is sent around the ring until it reaches its final destination (Token Ring Approach)
Advantages Prevents data collisions Guarantee data arrival Give an equal chance of sending
Disadvantages If one of the connected devices fail the whole network
stop Very Slow
Token Ring amp FDDI are examples of technologies that uses ring topology
22
Star
Group of computer devices connected to each other with a central device
Advantages Easy to install amp maintain Inexpensive Uses twisted pair cables
Disadvantages If the central device fails the whole network
stop Fast Ethernet is an example of a
technology that uses star topology
23
Classifying networks based on transmission medium
Wired Networks Networks that use wires as a transmission medium
for transferring data Coaxial cables Twisted Cables Fiber Optic Cables
Wireless Network Networks that uses the air as a transmission
medium for transferring data Radio signals Microwave signals Laser Signals Infrared signals
24
Rules for choosing the most suitable type of network
1 Size of the organization2 Number of users in the network3 Level of security4 Type of the organization5 Level of management support required
by the organization6 Requirement for users of the network7 Budget for the network
25
Devices for Exchanging amp Transferring Data
Network Interface Card (NIC) Modem Hub
Passive hub Active hub Intelligence hub
Repeater Bridge Router Gateway
26
Network Interface Card (NIC) Network Interface Card (NIC) is a
computer circuit board or card that is installed in a computer so that it can be connected to a network
27
The MODEM
MODEM is a device that contains group of electronic circuits amp converts analog signals into digital signal amp vice versa
Types of MODEMS Internal Part of the motherboard External Device connected to the
computer using a serial port
28
Hub
The most basic networking device that connects multiple computers or other network devices together Has no intelligence (No routing tables) Can detect collisions Hub works in the physical layer (1st layer) of the
OSI model Hub has three basic types
Passive hub Active hub Intelligence hub
- عدا المحلیة الشبكات أنواع معظم في الكمبیوتر أجهزة تتصلجهاز ) عن عبارة محوریة(( coaxial cablesوهو كوابل تستخدم التي اإلیثرنت شبكات
(hub )الشبكي الموزع یدعى وهو الشبكة أجهزة بین مركزیة وصل نقطة بدور یقومالشبكة( segmentsببعضها ) قطع ربط هي ووظیفته
الموزعات أنواع ومن Passive Hub الخامل 1048696الموزع Active Hub النشط 1048696الموزع Intelligence Hub الذكي 1048696الموزع
رف ا لألط موزع الموزعات من النوع هذا ( Passive Hubیمثل الموزع ) أالخامل
) لقدرة) یحتاج وال اإلشارة یكبر وال اتصال عقدة یمثل وهو مشترك السلكیةكهربائیة
وkاعادة تقویتها على ویعمل اإلشارة ( Active Hubیستقبل النشط ) الموزع ب الشبكة اجهزة بین اكبر بمسافات یسمح مما االشارة مقوي مثل أخرى مرة تولیدها
الفعال الموزعات من نوع الذكي Intelligence Hubهو 1048696الموزع اهمیتها حسب البیانات توزیع مثل اضافیة بوظائف یقوم
29
Hub
Passive hub Does not regenerate signals Does not strength signals Simply retransmit signals No electricity required
Active hub Regenerate strength amp retransmit the signals Usually 8 - 12 Ports Require electricity Also Called lsquoMultiport Repeatersrsquo
Intelligence hub An active hub that have some network management
capabilities
30
Repeater
It is a device that amplify amp regenerate amp retransmit the signal over the network
Allows network expansion because it can increase number of connected devices to the network
Repeaters work on the physical layer (1st layer) of the OSI model
Cannot be used with Ethernet or Token Ring Benefits for using repeaters
1 Strengthening amp amplifying signals2 Expanding networks
31
Bridge
A device that is used to connect components amp devices of the network
Work on the Data link layer (2nd) of the OSI model
Could be used to expand the size of LAN networks
Have the ability to connect different types of cables (Twisted pair ndash Coaxial - etc)
32
Router
A Router is a network device that forward packets from one network to another
It is a smart device that forwards packets based on The current traffic conditions (load line
costs bad lines etc) Internal routing tables (Intelligent )
Work on the Network layer (3nd) of the OSI model
33
Different Types of Router
1 Static Router requires from the network administrator to install the routing table manually
2 Dynamic Router Requires from the network administrator to
install the routing table manually at the beginning only
After that the routing table is updated automatically amp the router chooses the best routing path based on the routing protocol
34
Gateway
A network gateway is an internetworking system capable of joining together two networks that use different base protocols
A network gateway can be implemented depending on the types of protocols they support in Software Hardware Or a combination of both
Network gateways can operate at any level of the OSI model
Able to convert the data from one format to another and from one encoding system to another
8
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
Used to cover medium size area around few kilometres) to link computers in the same city such as universities
Advantages Fast amp efficient in data transmission Possibility to connect computers in one city
Disadvantages Rarely used Difficulty in maintaining MAN due to its large
size
9
Wide Area Network (WAN) Consist of group of LANs connected to each
other to cover large geographic area Advantages
Possibility to connect thousands of computers Possibility to transfer large number of data Possibility to connect different LANs owned by
different organizations Disadvantages
Requires expensive hardware amp software Hard to operate Requires special kind of programs
10
Classifying Network by Resource Access
1 Peer to Peer (P2P) Networks2 ClientServer Network
11
Peer To Peer (P2P) Network
A-gtB When A sends request to use Brsquos projector A the client B the server
C-gtA When C sends request to use Arsquos printer C the Client B the server
A B
C
Peer-to-peer network architecture allows to connect two or more computers in order to share their resourcesExample
12
(P2P )Advantages amp Disadvantages
Advantages Inexpensive Does not require additional program to manage he
network Does not require high quality devices Easy to install amp operate
Disadvantages Time amp effort consumption due to the decentralized
management Not Secured Poor Performance when number of users increase
13
(P2P )Network Management
Every user in the P2P network is responsible for Managing his own computer Obtaining which resources will be shared in
the network Obtaining the sharing permission (read ndash
write ndash read ampwrite) for the shared resources
14
ClientServer Networks
ClientServer Networks a network in which one centralized powerful computer (called the server) is connected to many less powerful personal computers or workstations (called clients)
Server is a specially designed and very powerful computer with large storage fast processor amp large memory
Types of Servers File Servers Printer Servers Application Servers Communication Servers Database Servers
15
Client Server Networks
A wants to use the printer A sends request to the server Server responds by putting pc A in
the request queue When it is Arsquos turn it uses the
printer
C wants to use the database C sends request to the server Server responds by putting pc C in
the request queue When it is Crsquos turn it uses the
printer
A B
C
Server
Request
Response
16
Advantages of ClientServer Networks
1 Protecting data from loss and damage
2 Possibility to make scheduled backups
3 Possibility to increase number of users
4 The clients computers are inexpensive
5 Centralization of network resources in a single computer
6 Ease of data management and control
7 Highly secured
Why because the server allows only special persons to control the management of network resources to issue permissions for users to use the resources that they need
17
Disadvantages of Client Server Networks
1 Requires expensive programs2 Requires powerful computer to be
used as a server3 Requires network management4 When the server fails the entire
network stops
18
ClientServer Network Management
Client Server networks are managed using network management systems installed on the server computer so that it controls everything about the network including The network performance Statistical reports Monitoring clients Monitoring resources
19
Network Classification based on its topography
20
Bus Group of computer devices connected to each
other along the same backbone cable Advantages
Inexpensive Doesnrsquot require a lot of devices to work Easy to install and manage
Disadvantages When the backbone cable is broken the whole
network stop Increasing number of users in the network may
lead to collisions limited expansion
Ethernet example of a technology that uses bus topology
21
Ring
A computer network where each computer amp device are connected to each other forming a large
Data is sent around the ring until it reaches its final destination (Token Ring Approach)
Advantages Prevents data collisions Guarantee data arrival Give an equal chance of sending
Disadvantages If one of the connected devices fail the whole network
stop Very Slow
Token Ring amp FDDI are examples of technologies that uses ring topology
22
Star
Group of computer devices connected to each other with a central device
Advantages Easy to install amp maintain Inexpensive Uses twisted pair cables
Disadvantages If the central device fails the whole network
stop Fast Ethernet is an example of a
technology that uses star topology
23
Classifying networks based on transmission medium
Wired Networks Networks that use wires as a transmission medium
for transferring data Coaxial cables Twisted Cables Fiber Optic Cables
Wireless Network Networks that uses the air as a transmission
medium for transferring data Radio signals Microwave signals Laser Signals Infrared signals
24
Rules for choosing the most suitable type of network
1 Size of the organization2 Number of users in the network3 Level of security4 Type of the organization5 Level of management support required
by the organization6 Requirement for users of the network7 Budget for the network
25
Devices for Exchanging amp Transferring Data
Network Interface Card (NIC) Modem Hub
Passive hub Active hub Intelligence hub
Repeater Bridge Router Gateway
26
Network Interface Card (NIC) Network Interface Card (NIC) is a
computer circuit board or card that is installed in a computer so that it can be connected to a network
27
The MODEM
MODEM is a device that contains group of electronic circuits amp converts analog signals into digital signal amp vice versa
Types of MODEMS Internal Part of the motherboard External Device connected to the
computer using a serial port
28
Hub
The most basic networking device that connects multiple computers or other network devices together Has no intelligence (No routing tables) Can detect collisions Hub works in the physical layer (1st layer) of the
OSI model Hub has three basic types
Passive hub Active hub Intelligence hub
- عدا المحلیة الشبكات أنواع معظم في الكمبیوتر أجهزة تتصلجهاز ) عن عبارة محوریة(( coaxial cablesوهو كوابل تستخدم التي اإلیثرنت شبكات
(hub )الشبكي الموزع یدعى وهو الشبكة أجهزة بین مركزیة وصل نقطة بدور یقومالشبكة( segmentsببعضها ) قطع ربط هي ووظیفته
الموزعات أنواع ومن Passive Hub الخامل 1048696الموزع Active Hub النشط 1048696الموزع Intelligence Hub الذكي 1048696الموزع
رف ا لألط موزع الموزعات من النوع هذا ( Passive Hubیمثل الموزع ) أالخامل
) لقدرة) یحتاج وال اإلشارة یكبر وال اتصال عقدة یمثل وهو مشترك السلكیةكهربائیة
وkاعادة تقویتها على ویعمل اإلشارة ( Active Hubیستقبل النشط ) الموزع ب الشبكة اجهزة بین اكبر بمسافات یسمح مما االشارة مقوي مثل أخرى مرة تولیدها
الفعال الموزعات من نوع الذكي Intelligence Hubهو 1048696الموزع اهمیتها حسب البیانات توزیع مثل اضافیة بوظائف یقوم
29
Hub
Passive hub Does not regenerate signals Does not strength signals Simply retransmit signals No electricity required
Active hub Regenerate strength amp retransmit the signals Usually 8 - 12 Ports Require electricity Also Called lsquoMultiport Repeatersrsquo
Intelligence hub An active hub that have some network management
capabilities
30
Repeater
It is a device that amplify amp regenerate amp retransmit the signal over the network
Allows network expansion because it can increase number of connected devices to the network
Repeaters work on the physical layer (1st layer) of the OSI model
Cannot be used with Ethernet or Token Ring Benefits for using repeaters
1 Strengthening amp amplifying signals2 Expanding networks
31
Bridge
A device that is used to connect components amp devices of the network
Work on the Data link layer (2nd) of the OSI model
Could be used to expand the size of LAN networks
Have the ability to connect different types of cables (Twisted pair ndash Coaxial - etc)
32
Router
A Router is a network device that forward packets from one network to another
It is a smart device that forwards packets based on The current traffic conditions (load line
costs bad lines etc) Internal routing tables (Intelligent )
Work on the Network layer (3nd) of the OSI model
33
Different Types of Router
1 Static Router requires from the network administrator to install the routing table manually
2 Dynamic Router Requires from the network administrator to
install the routing table manually at the beginning only
After that the routing table is updated automatically amp the router chooses the best routing path based on the routing protocol
34
Gateway
A network gateway is an internetworking system capable of joining together two networks that use different base protocols
A network gateway can be implemented depending on the types of protocols they support in Software Hardware Or a combination of both
Network gateways can operate at any level of the OSI model
Able to convert the data from one format to another and from one encoding system to another
9
Wide Area Network (WAN) Consist of group of LANs connected to each
other to cover large geographic area Advantages
Possibility to connect thousands of computers Possibility to transfer large number of data Possibility to connect different LANs owned by
different organizations Disadvantages
Requires expensive hardware amp software Hard to operate Requires special kind of programs
10
Classifying Network by Resource Access
1 Peer to Peer (P2P) Networks2 ClientServer Network
11
Peer To Peer (P2P) Network
A-gtB When A sends request to use Brsquos projector A the client B the server
C-gtA When C sends request to use Arsquos printer C the Client B the server
A B
C
Peer-to-peer network architecture allows to connect two or more computers in order to share their resourcesExample
12
(P2P )Advantages amp Disadvantages
Advantages Inexpensive Does not require additional program to manage he
network Does not require high quality devices Easy to install amp operate
Disadvantages Time amp effort consumption due to the decentralized
management Not Secured Poor Performance when number of users increase
13
(P2P )Network Management
Every user in the P2P network is responsible for Managing his own computer Obtaining which resources will be shared in
the network Obtaining the sharing permission (read ndash
write ndash read ampwrite) for the shared resources
14
ClientServer Networks
ClientServer Networks a network in which one centralized powerful computer (called the server) is connected to many less powerful personal computers or workstations (called clients)
Server is a specially designed and very powerful computer with large storage fast processor amp large memory
Types of Servers File Servers Printer Servers Application Servers Communication Servers Database Servers
15
Client Server Networks
A wants to use the printer A sends request to the server Server responds by putting pc A in
the request queue When it is Arsquos turn it uses the
printer
C wants to use the database C sends request to the server Server responds by putting pc C in
the request queue When it is Crsquos turn it uses the
printer
A B
C
Server
Request
Response
16
Advantages of ClientServer Networks
1 Protecting data from loss and damage
2 Possibility to make scheduled backups
3 Possibility to increase number of users
4 The clients computers are inexpensive
5 Centralization of network resources in a single computer
6 Ease of data management and control
7 Highly secured
Why because the server allows only special persons to control the management of network resources to issue permissions for users to use the resources that they need
17
Disadvantages of Client Server Networks
1 Requires expensive programs2 Requires powerful computer to be
used as a server3 Requires network management4 When the server fails the entire
network stops
18
ClientServer Network Management
Client Server networks are managed using network management systems installed on the server computer so that it controls everything about the network including The network performance Statistical reports Monitoring clients Monitoring resources
19
Network Classification based on its topography
20
Bus Group of computer devices connected to each
other along the same backbone cable Advantages
Inexpensive Doesnrsquot require a lot of devices to work Easy to install and manage
Disadvantages When the backbone cable is broken the whole
network stop Increasing number of users in the network may
lead to collisions limited expansion
Ethernet example of a technology that uses bus topology
21
Ring
A computer network where each computer amp device are connected to each other forming a large
Data is sent around the ring until it reaches its final destination (Token Ring Approach)
Advantages Prevents data collisions Guarantee data arrival Give an equal chance of sending
Disadvantages If one of the connected devices fail the whole network
stop Very Slow
Token Ring amp FDDI are examples of technologies that uses ring topology
22
Star
Group of computer devices connected to each other with a central device
Advantages Easy to install amp maintain Inexpensive Uses twisted pair cables
Disadvantages If the central device fails the whole network
stop Fast Ethernet is an example of a
technology that uses star topology
23
Classifying networks based on transmission medium
Wired Networks Networks that use wires as a transmission medium
for transferring data Coaxial cables Twisted Cables Fiber Optic Cables
Wireless Network Networks that uses the air as a transmission
medium for transferring data Radio signals Microwave signals Laser Signals Infrared signals
24
Rules for choosing the most suitable type of network
1 Size of the organization2 Number of users in the network3 Level of security4 Type of the organization5 Level of management support required
by the organization6 Requirement for users of the network7 Budget for the network
25
Devices for Exchanging amp Transferring Data
Network Interface Card (NIC) Modem Hub
Passive hub Active hub Intelligence hub
Repeater Bridge Router Gateway
26
Network Interface Card (NIC) Network Interface Card (NIC) is a
computer circuit board or card that is installed in a computer so that it can be connected to a network
27
The MODEM
MODEM is a device that contains group of electronic circuits amp converts analog signals into digital signal amp vice versa
Types of MODEMS Internal Part of the motherboard External Device connected to the
computer using a serial port
28
Hub
The most basic networking device that connects multiple computers or other network devices together Has no intelligence (No routing tables) Can detect collisions Hub works in the physical layer (1st layer) of the
OSI model Hub has three basic types
Passive hub Active hub Intelligence hub
- عدا المحلیة الشبكات أنواع معظم في الكمبیوتر أجهزة تتصلجهاز ) عن عبارة محوریة(( coaxial cablesوهو كوابل تستخدم التي اإلیثرنت شبكات
(hub )الشبكي الموزع یدعى وهو الشبكة أجهزة بین مركزیة وصل نقطة بدور یقومالشبكة( segmentsببعضها ) قطع ربط هي ووظیفته
الموزعات أنواع ومن Passive Hub الخامل 1048696الموزع Active Hub النشط 1048696الموزع Intelligence Hub الذكي 1048696الموزع
رف ا لألط موزع الموزعات من النوع هذا ( Passive Hubیمثل الموزع ) أالخامل
) لقدرة) یحتاج وال اإلشارة یكبر وال اتصال عقدة یمثل وهو مشترك السلكیةكهربائیة
وkاعادة تقویتها على ویعمل اإلشارة ( Active Hubیستقبل النشط ) الموزع ب الشبكة اجهزة بین اكبر بمسافات یسمح مما االشارة مقوي مثل أخرى مرة تولیدها
الفعال الموزعات من نوع الذكي Intelligence Hubهو 1048696الموزع اهمیتها حسب البیانات توزیع مثل اضافیة بوظائف یقوم
29
Hub
Passive hub Does not regenerate signals Does not strength signals Simply retransmit signals No electricity required
Active hub Regenerate strength amp retransmit the signals Usually 8 - 12 Ports Require electricity Also Called lsquoMultiport Repeatersrsquo
Intelligence hub An active hub that have some network management
capabilities
30
Repeater
It is a device that amplify amp regenerate amp retransmit the signal over the network
Allows network expansion because it can increase number of connected devices to the network
Repeaters work on the physical layer (1st layer) of the OSI model
Cannot be used with Ethernet or Token Ring Benefits for using repeaters
1 Strengthening amp amplifying signals2 Expanding networks
31
Bridge
A device that is used to connect components amp devices of the network
Work on the Data link layer (2nd) of the OSI model
Could be used to expand the size of LAN networks
Have the ability to connect different types of cables (Twisted pair ndash Coaxial - etc)
32
Router
A Router is a network device that forward packets from one network to another
It is a smart device that forwards packets based on The current traffic conditions (load line
costs bad lines etc) Internal routing tables (Intelligent )
Work on the Network layer (3nd) of the OSI model
33
Different Types of Router
1 Static Router requires from the network administrator to install the routing table manually
2 Dynamic Router Requires from the network administrator to
install the routing table manually at the beginning only
After that the routing table is updated automatically amp the router chooses the best routing path based on the routing protocol
34
Gateway
A network gateway is an internetworking system capable of joining together two networks that use different base protocols
A network gateway can be implemented depending on the types of protocols they support in Software Hardware Or a combination of both
Network gateways can operate at any level of the OSI model
Able to convert the data from one format to another and from one encoding system to another
10
Classifying Network by Resource Access
1 Peer to Peer (P2P) Networks2 ClientServer Network
11
Peer To Peer (P2P) Network
A-gtB When A sends request to use Brsquos projector A the client B the server
C-gtA When C sends request to use Arsquos printer C the Client B the server
A B
C
Peer-to-peer network architecture allows to connect two or more computers in order to share their resourcesExample
12
(P2P )Advantages amp Disadvantages
Advantages Inexpensive Does not require additional program to manage he
network Does not require high quality devices Easy to install amp operate
Disadvantages Time amp effort consumption due to the decentralized
management Not Secured Poor Performance when number of users increase
13
(P2P )Network Management
Every user in the P2P network is responsible for Managing his own computer Obtaining which resources will be shared in
the network Obtaining the sharing permission (read ndash
write ndash read ampwrite) for the shared resources
14
ClientServer Networks
ClientServer Networks a network in which one centralized powerful computer (called the server) is connected to many less powerful personal computers or workstations (called clients)
Server is a specially designed and very powerful computer with large storage fast processor amp large memory
Types of Servers File Servers Printer Servers Application Servers Communication Servers Database Servers
15
Client Server Networks
A wants to use the printer A sends request to the server Server responds by putting pc A in
the request queue When it is Arsquos turn it uses the
printer
C wants to use the database C sends request to the server Server responds by putting pc C in
the request queue When it is Crsquos turn it uses the
printer
A B
C
Server
Request
Response
16
Advantages of ClientServer Networks
1 Protecting data from loss and damage
2 Possibility to make scheduled backups
3 Possibility to increase number of users
4 The clients computers are inexpensive
5 Centralization of network resources in a single computer
6 Ease of data management and control
7 Highly secured
Why because the server allows only special persons to control the management of network resources to issue permissions for users to use the resources that they need
17
Disadvantages of Client Server Networks
1 Requires expensive programs2 Requires powerful computer to be
used as a server3 Requires network management4 When the server fails the entire
network stops
18
ClientServer Network Management
Client Server networks are managed using network management systems installed on the server computer so that it controls everything about the network including The network performance Statistical reports Monitoring clients Monitoring resources
19
Network Classification based on its topography
20
Bus Group of computer devices connected to each
other along the same backbone cable Advantages
Inexpensive Doesnrsquot require a lot of devices to work Easy to install and manage
Disadvantages When the backbone cable is broken the whole
network stop Increasing number of users in the network may
lead to collisions limited expansion
Ethernet example of a technology that uses bus topology
21
Ring
A computer network where each computer amp device are connected to each other forming a large
Data is sent around the ring until it reaches its final destination (Token Ring Approach)
Advantages Prevents data collisions Guarantee data arrival Give an equal chance of sending
Disadvantages If one of the connected devices fail the whole network
stop Very Slow
Token Ring amp FDDI are examples of technologies that uses ring topology
22
Star
Group of computer devices connected to each other with a central device
Advantages Easy to install amp maintain Inexpensive Uses twisted pair cables
Disadvantages If the central device fails the whole network
stop Fast Ethernet is an example of a
technology that uses star topology
23
Classifying networks based on transmission medium
Wired Networks Networks that use wires as a transmission medium
for transferring data Coaxial cables Twisted Cables Fiber Optic Cables
Wireless Network Networks that uses the air as a transmission
medium for transferring data Radio signals Microwave signals Laser Signals Infrared signals
24
Rules for choosing the most suitable type of network
1 Size of the organization2 Number of users in the network3 Level of security4 Type of the organization5 Level of management support required
by the organization6 Requirement for users of the network7 Budget for the network
25
Devices for Exchanging amp Transferring Data
Network Interface Card (NIC) Modem Hub
Passive hub Active hub Intelligence hub
Repeater Bridge Router Gateway
26
Network Interface Card (NIC) Network Interface Card (NIC) is a
computer circuit board or card that is installed in a computer so that it can be connected to a network
27
The MODEM
MODEM is a device that contains group of electronic circuits amp converts analog signals into digital signal amp vice versa
Types of MODEMS Internal Part of the motherboard External Device connected to the
computer using a serial port
28
Hub
The most basic networking device that connects multiple computers or other network devices together Has no intelligence (No routing tables) Can detect collisions Hub works in the physical layer (1st layer) of the
OSI model Hub has three basic types
Passive hub Active hub Intelligence hub
- عدا المحلیة الشبكات أنواع معظم في الكمبیوتر أجهزة تتصلجهاز ) عن عبارة محوریة(( coaxial cablesوهو كوابل تستخدم التي اإلیثرنت شبكات
(hub )الشبكي الموزع یدعى وهو الشبكة أجهزة بین مركزیة وصل نقطة بدور یقومالشبكة( segmentsببعضها ) قطع ربط هي ووظیفته
الموزعات أنواع ومن Passive Hub الخامل 1048696الموزع Active Hub النشط 1048696الموزع Intelligence Hub الذكي 1048696الموزع
رف ا لألط موزع الموزعات من النوع هذا ( Passive Hubیمثل الموزع ) أالخامل
) لقدرة) یحتاج وال اإلشارة یكبر وال اتصال عقدة یمثل وهو مشترك السلكیةكهربائیة
وkاعادة تقویتها على ویعمل اإلشارة ( Active Hubیستقبل النشط ) الموزع ب الشبكة اجهزة بین اكبر بمسافات یسمح مما االشارة مقوي مثل أخرى مرة تولیدها
الفعال الموزعات من نوع الذكي Intelligence Hubهو 1048696الموزع اهمیتها حسب البیانات توزیع مثل اضافیة بوظائف یقوم
29
Hub
Passive hub Does not regenerate signals Does not strength signals Simply retransmit signals No electricity required
Active hub Regenerate strength amp retransmit the signals Usually 8 - 12 Ports Require electricity Also Called lsquoMultiport Repeatersrsquo
Intelligence hub An active hub that have some network management
capabilities
30
Repeater
It is a device that amplify amp regenerate amp retransmit the signal over the network
Allows network expansion because it can increase number of connected devices to the network
Repeaters work on the physical layer (1st layer) of the OSI model
Cannot be used with Ethernet or Token Ring Benefits for using repeaters
1 Strengthening amp amplifying signals2 Expanding networks
31
Bridge
A device that is used to connect components amp devices of the network
Work on the Data link layer (2nd) of the OSI model
Could be used to expand the size of LAN networks
Have the ability to connect different types of cables (Twisted pair ndash Coaxial - etc)
32
Router
A Router is a network device that forward packets from one network to another
It is a smart device that forwards packets based on The current traffic conditions (load line
costs bad lines etc) Internal routing tables (Intelligent )
Work on the Network layer (3nd) of the OSI model
33
Different Types of Router
1 Static Router requires from the network administrator to install the routing table manually
2 Dynamic Router Requires from the network administrator to
install the routing table manually at the beginning only
After that the routing table is updated automatically amp the router chooses the best routing path based on the routing protocol
34
Gateway
A network gateway is an internetworking system capable of joining together two networks that use different base protocols
A network gateway can be implemented depending on the types of protocols they support in Software Hardware Or a combination of both
Network gateways can operate at any level of the OSI model
Able to convert the data from one format to another and from one encoding system to another
11
Peer To Peer (P2P) Network
A-gtB When A sends request to use Brsquos projector A the client B the server
C-gtA When C sends request to use Arsquos printer C the Client B the server
A B
C
Peer-to-peer network architecture allows to connect two or more computers in order to share their resourcesExample
12
(P2P )Advantages amp Disadvantages
Advantages Inexpensive Does not require additional program to manage he
network Does not require high quality devices Easy to install amp operate
Disadvantages Time amp effort consumption due to the decentralized
management Not Secured Poor Performance when number of users increase
13
(P2P )Network Management
Every user in the P2P network is responsible for Managing his own computer Obtaining which resources will be shared in
the network Obtaining the sharing permission (read ndash
write ndash read ampwrite) for the shared resources
14
ClientServer Networks
ClientServer Networks a network in which one centralized powerful computer (called the server) is connected to many less powerful personal computers or workstations (called clients)
Server is a specially designed and very powerful computer with large storage fast processor amp large memory
Types of Servers File Servers Printer Servers Application Servers Communication Servers Database Servers
15
Client Server Networks
A wants to use the printer A sends request to the server Server responds by putting pc A in
the request queue When it is Arsquos turn it uses the
printer
C wants to use the database C sends request to the server Server responds by putting pc C in
the request queue When it is Crsquos turn it uses the
printer
A B
C
Server
Request
Response
16
Advantages of ClientServer Networks
1 Protecting data from loss and damage
2 Possibility to make scheduled backups
3 Possibility to increase number of users
4 The clients computers are inexpensive
5 Centralization of network resources in a single computer
6 Ease of data management and control
7 Highly secured
Why because the server allows only special persons to control the management of network resources to issue permissions for users to use the resources that they need
17
Disadvantages of Client Server Networks
1 Requires expensive programs2 Requires powerful computer to be
used as a server3 Requires network management4 When the server fails the entire
network stops
18
ClientServer Network Management
Client Server networks are managed using network management systems installed on the server computer so that it controls everything about the network including The network performance Statistical reports Monitoring clients Monitoring resources
19
Network Classification based on its topography
20
Bus Group of computer devices connected to each
other along the same backbone cable Advantages
Inexpensive Doesnrsquot require a lot of devices to work Easy to install and manage
Disadvantages When the backbone cable is broken the whole
network stop Increasing number of users in the network may
lead to collisions limited expansion
Ethernet example of a technology that uses bus topology
21
Ring
A computer network where each computer amp device are connected to each other forming a large
Data is sent around the ring until it reaches its final destination (Token Ring Approach)
Advantages Prevents data collisions Guarantee data arrival Give an equal chance of sending
Disadvantages If one of the connected devices fail the whole network
stop Very Slow
Token Ring amp FDDI are examples of technologies that uses ring topology
22
Star
Group of computer devices connected to each other with a central device
Advantages Easy to install amp maintain Inexpensive Uses twisted pair cables
Disadvantages If the central device fails the whole network
stop Fast Ethernet is an example of a
technology that uses star topology
23
Classifying networks based on transmission medium
Wired Networks Networks that use wires as a transmission medium
for transferring data Coaxial cables Twisted Cables Fiber Optic Cables
Wireless Network Networks that uses the air as a transmission
medium for transferring data Radio signals Microwave signals Laser Signals Infrared signals
24
Rules for choosing the most suitable type of network
1 Size of the organization2 Number of users in the network3 Level of security4 Type of the organization5 Level of management support required
by the organization6 Requirement for users of the network7 Budget for the network
25
Devices for Exchanging amp Transferring Data
Network Interface Card (NIC) Modem Hub
Passive hub Active hub Intelligence hub
Repeater Bridge Router Gateway
26
Network Interface Card (NIC) Network Interface Card (NIC) is a
computer circuit board or card that is installed in a computer so that it can be connected to a network
27
The MODEM
MODEM is a device that contains group of electronic circuits amp converts analog signals into digital signal amp vice versa
Types of MODEMS Internal Part of the motherboard External Device connected to the
computer using a serial port
28
Hub
The most basic networking device that connects multiple computers or other network devices together Has no intelligence (No routing tables) Can detect collisions Hub works in the physical layer (1st layer) of the
OSI model Hub has three basic types
Passive hub Active hub Intelligence hub
- عدا المحلیة الشبكات أنواع معظم في الكمبیوتر أجهزة تتصلجهاز ) عن عبارة محوریة(( coaxial cablesوهو كوابل تستخدم التي اإلیثرنت شبكات
(hub )الشبكي الموزع یدعى وهو الشبكة أجهزة بین مركزیة وصل نقطة بدور یقومالشبكة( segmentsببعضها ) قطع ربط هي ووظیفته
الموزعات أنواع ومن Passive Hub الخامل 1048696الموزع Active Hub النشط 1048696الموزع Intelligence Hub الذكي 1048696الموزع
رف ا لألط موزع الموزعات من النوع هذا ( Passive Hubیمثل الموزع ) أالخامل
) لقدرة) یحتاج وال اإلشارة یكبر وال اتصال عقدة یمثل وهو مشترك السلكیةكهربائیة
وkاعادة تقویتها على ویعمل اإلشارة ( Active Hubیستقبل النشط ) الموزع ب الشبكة اجهزة بین اكبر بمسافات یسمح مما االشارة مقوي مثل أخرى مرة تولیدها
الفعال الموزعات من نوع الذكي Intelligence Hubهو 1048696الموزع اهمیتها حسب البیانات توزیع مثل اضافیة بوظائف یقوم
29
Hub
Passive hub Does not regenerate signals Does not strength signals Simply retransmit signals No electricity required
Active hub Regenerate strength amp retransmit the signals Usually 8 - 12 Ports Require electricity Also Called lsquoMultiport Repeatersrsquo
Intelligence hub An active hub that have some network management
capabilities
30
Repeater
It is a device that amplify amp regenerate amp retransmit the signal over the network
Allows network expansion because it can increase number of connected devices to the network
Repeaters work on the physical layer (1st layer) of the OSI model
Cannot be used with Ethernet or Token Ring Benefits for using repeaters
1 Strengthening amp amplifying signals2 Expanding networks
31
Bridge
A device that is used to connect components amp devices of the network
Work on the Data link layer (2nd) of the OSI model
Could be used to expand the size of LAN networks
Have the ability to connect different types of cables (Twisted pair ndash Coaxial - etc)
32
Router
A Router is a network device that forward packets from one network to another
It is a smart device that forwards packets based on The current traffic conditions (load line
costs bad lines etc) Internal routing tables (Intelligent )
Work on the Network layer (3nd) of the OSI model
33
Different Types of Router
1 Static Router requires from the network administrator to install the routing table manually
2 Dynamic Router Requires from the network administrator to
install the routing table manually at the beginning only
After that the routing table is updated automatically amp the router chooses the best routing path based on the routing protocol
34
Gateway
A network gateway is an internetworking system capable of joining together two networks that use different base protocols
A network gateway can be implemented depending on the types of protocols they support in Software Hardware Or a combination of both
Network gateways can operate at any level of the OSI model
Able to convert the data from one format to another and from one encoding system to another
12
(P2P )Advantages amp Disadvantages
Advantages Inexpensive Does not require additional program to manage he
network Does not require high quality devices Easy to install amp operate
Disadvantages Time amp effort consumption due to the decentralized
management Not Secured Poor Performance when number of users increase
13
(P2P )Network Management
Every user in the P2P network is responsible for Managing his own computer Obtaining which resources will be shared in
the network Obtaining the sharing permission (read ndash
write ndash read ampwrite) for the shared resources
14
ClientServer Networks
ClientServer Networks a network in which one centralized powerful computer (called the server) is connected to many less powerful personal computers or workstations (called clients)
Server is a specially designed and very powerful computer with large storage fast processor amp large memory
Types of Servers File Servers Printer Servers Application Servers Communication Servers Database Servers
15
Client Server Networks
A wants to use the printer A sends request to the server Server responds by putting pc A in
the request queue When it is Arsquos turn it uses the
printer
C wants to use the database C sends request to the server Server responds by putting pc C in
the request queue When it is Crsquos turn it uses the
printer
A B
C
Server
Request
Response
16
Advantages of ClientServer Networks
1 Protecting data from loss and damage
2 Possibility to make scheduled backups
3 Possibility to increase number of users
4 The clients computers are inexpensive
5 Centralization of network resources in a single computer
6 Ease of data management and control
7 Highly secured
Why because the server allows only special persons to control the management of network resources to issue permissions for users to use the resources that they need
17
Disadvantages of Client Server Networks
1 Requires expensive programs2 Requires powerful computer to be
used as a server3 Requires network management4 When the server fails the entire
network stops
18
ClientServer Network Management
Client Server networks are managed using network management systems installed on the server computer so that it controls everything about the network including The network performance Statistical reports Monitoring clients Monitoring resources
19
Network Classification based on its topography
20
Bus Group of computer devices connected to each
other along the same backbone cable Advantages
Inexpensive Doesnrsquot require a lot of devices to work Easy to install and manage
Disadvantages When the backbone cable is broken the whole
network stop Increasing number of users in the network may
lead to collisions limited expansion
Ethernet example of a technology that uses bus topology
21
Ring
A computer network where each computer amp device are connected to each other forming a large
Data is sent around the ring until it reaches its final destination (Token Ring Approach)
Advantages Prevents data collisions Guarantee data arrival Give an equal chance of sending
Disadvantages If one of the connected devices fail the whole network
stop Very Slow
Token Ring amp FDDI are examples of technologies that uses ring topology
22
Star
Group of computer devices connected to each other with a central device
Advantages Easy to install amp maintain Inexpensive Uses twisted pair cables
Disadvantages If the central device fails the whole network
stop Fast Ethernet is an example of a
technology that uses star topology
23
Classifying networks based on transmission medium
Wired Networks Networks that use wires as a transmission medium
for transferring data Coaxial cables Twisted Cables Fiber Optic Cables
Wireless Network Networks that uses the air as a transmission
medium for transferring data Radio signals Microwave signals Laser Signals Infrared signals
24
Rules for choosing the most suitable type of network
1 Size of the organization2 Number of users in the network3 Level of security4 Type of the organization5 Level of management support required
by the organization6 Requirement for users of the network7 Budget for the network
25
Devices for Exchanging amp Transferring Data
Network Interface Card (NIC) Modem Hub
Passive hub Active hub Intelligence hub
Repeater Bridge Router Gateway
26
Network Interface Card (NIC) Network Interface Card (NIC) is a
computer circuit board or card that is installed in a computer so that it can be connected to a network
27
The MODEM
MODEM is a device that contains group of electronic circuits amp converts analog signals into digital signal amp vice versa
Types of MODEMS Internal Part of the motherboard External Device connected to the
computer using a serial port
28
Hub
The most basic networking device that connects multiple computers or other network devices together Has no intelligence (No routing tables) Can detect collisions Hub works in the physical layer (1st layer) of the
OSI model Hub has three basic types
Passive hub Active hub Intelligence hub
- عدا المحلیة الشبكات أنواع معظم في الكمبیوتر أجهزة تتصلجهاز ) عن عبارة محوریة(( coaxial cablesوهو كوابل تستخدم التي اإلیثرنت شبكات
(hub )الشبكي الموزع یدعى وهو الشبكة أجهزة بین مركزیة وصل نقطة بدور یقومالشبكة( segmentsببعضها ) قطع ربط هي ووظیفته
الموزعات أنواع ومن Passive Hub الخامل 1048696الموزع Active Hub النشط 1048696الموزع Intelligence Hub الذكي 1048696الموزع
رف ا لألط موزع الموزعات من النوع هذا ( Passive Hubیمثل الموزع ) أالخامل
) لقدرة) یحتاج وال اإلشارة یكبر وال اتصال عقدة یمثل وهو مشترك السلكیةكهربائیة
وkاعادة تقویتها على ویعمل اإلشارة ( Active Hubیستقبل النشط ) الموزع ب الشبكة اجهزة بین اكبر بمسافات یسمح مما االشارة مقوي مثل أخرى مرة تولیدها
الفعال الموزعات من نوع الذكي Intelligence Hubهو 1048696الموزع اهمیتها حسب البیانات توزیع مثل اضافیة بوظائف یقوم
29
Hub
Passive hub Does not regenerate signals Does not strength signals Simply retransmit signals No electricity required
Active hub Regenerate strength amp retransmit the signals Usually 8 - 12 Ports Require electricity Also Called lsquoMultiport Repeatersrsquo
Intelligence hub An active hub that have some network management
capabilities
30
Repeater
It is a device that amplify amp regenerate amp retransmit the signal over the network
Allows network expansion because it can increase number of connected devices to the network
Repeaters work on the physical layer (1st layer) of the OSI model
Cannot be used with Ethernet or Token Ring Benefits for using repeaters
1 Strengthening amp amplifying signals2 Expanding networks
31
Bridge
A device that is used to connect components amp devices of the network
Work on the Data link layer (2nd) of the OSI model
Could be used to expand the size of LAN networks
Have the ability to connect different types of cables (Twisted pair ndash Coaxial - etc)
32
Router
A Router is a network device that forward packets from one network to another
It is a smart device that forwards packets based on The current traffic conditions (load line
costs bad lines etc) Internal routing tables (Intelligent )
Work on the Network layer (3nd) of the OSI model
33
Different Types of Router
1 Static Router requires from the network administrator to install the routing table manually
2 Dynamic Router Requires from the network administrator to
install the routing table manually at the beginning only
After that the routing table is updated automatically amp the router chooses the best routing path based on the routing protocol
34
Gateway
A network gateway is an internetworking system capable of joining together two networks that use different base protocols
A network gateway can be implemented depending on the types of protocols they support in Software Hardware Or a combination of both
Network gateways can operate at any level of the OSI model
Able to convert the data from one format to another and from one encoding system to another
13
(P2P )Network Management
Every user in the P2P network is responsible for Managing his own computer Obtaining which resources will be shared in
the network Obtaining the sharing permission (read ndash
write ndash read ampwrite) for the shared resources
14
ClientServer Networks
ClientServer Networks a network in which one centralized powerful computer (called the server) is connected to many less powerful personal computers or workstations (called clients)
Server is a specially designed and very powerful computer with large storage fast processor amp large memory
Types of Servers File Servers Printer Servers Application Servers Communication Servers Database Servers
15
Client Server Networks
A wants to use the printer A sends request to the server Server responds by putting pc A in
the request queue When it is Arsquos turn it uses the
printer
C wants to use the database C sends request to the server Server responds by putting pc C in
the request queue When it is Crsquos turn it uses the
printer
A B
C
Server
Request
Response
16
Advantages of ClientServer Networks
1 Protecting data from loss and damage
2 Possibility to make scheduled backups
3 Possibility to increase number of users
4 The clients computers are inexpensive
5 Centralization of network resources in a single computer
6 Ease of data management and control
7 Highly secured
Why because the server allows only special persons to control the management of network resources to issue permissions for users to use the resources that they need
17
Disadvantages of Client Server Networks
1 Requires expensive programs2 Requires powerful computer to be
used as a server3 Requires network management4 When the server fails the entire
network stops
18
ClientServer Network Management
Client Server networks are managed using network management systems installed on the server computer so that it controls everything about the network including The network performance Statistical reports Monitoring clients Monitoring resources
19
Network Classification based on its topography
20
Bus Group of computer devices connected to each
other along the same backbone cable Advantages
Inexpensive Doesnrsquot require a lot of devices to work Easy to install and manage
Disadvantages When the backbone cable is broken the whole
network stop Increasing number of users in the network may
lead to collisions limited expansion
Ethernet example of a technology that uses bus topology
21
Ring
A computer network where each computer amp device are connected to each other forming a large
Data is sent around the ring until it reaches its final destination (Token Ring Approach)
Advantages Prevents data collisions Guarantee data arrival Give an equal chance of sending
Disadvantages If one of the connected devices fail the whole network
stop Very Slow
Token Ring amp FDDI are examples of technologies that uses ring topology
22
Star
Group of computer devices connected to each other with a central device
Advantages Easy to install amp maintain Inexpensive Uses twisted pair cables
Disadvantages If the central device fails the whole network
stop Fast Ethernet is an example of a
technology that uses star topology
23
Classifying networks based on transmission medium
Wired Networks Networks that use wires as a transmission medium
for transferring data Coaxial cables Twisted Cables Fiber Optic Cables
Wireless Network Networks that uses the air as a transmission
medium for transferring data Radio signals Microwave signals Laser Signals Infrared signals
24
Rules for choosing the most suitable type of network
1 Size of the organization2 Number of users in the network3 Level of security4 Type of the organization5 Level of management support required
by the organization6 Requirement for users of the network7 Budget for the network
25
Devices for Exchanging amp Transferring Data
Network Interface Card (NIC) Modem Hub
Passive hub Active hub Intelligence hub
Repeater Bridge Router Gateway
26
Network Interface Card (NIC) Network Interface Card (NIC) is a
computer circuit board or card that is installed in a computer so that it can be connected to a network
27
The MODEM
MODEM is a device that contains group of electronic circuits amp converts analog signals into digital signal amp vice versa
Types of MODEMS Internal Part of the motherboard External Device connected to the
computer using a serial port
28
Hub
The most basic networking device that connects multiple computers or other network devices together Has no intelligence (No routing tables) Can detect collisions Hub works in the physical layer (1st layer) of the
OSI model Hub has three basic types
Passive hub Active hub Intelligence hub
- عدا المحلیة الشبكات أنواع معظم في الكمبیوتر أجهزة تتصلجهاز ) عن عبارة محوریة(( coaxial cablesوهو كوابل تستخدم التي اإلیثرنت شبكات
(hub )الشبكي الموزع یدعى وهو الشبكة أجهزة بین مركزیة وصل نقطة بدور یقومالشبكة( segmentsببعضها ) قطع ربط هي ووظیفته
الموزعات أنواع ومن Passive Hub الخامل 1048696الموزع Active Hub النشط 1048696الموزع Intelligence Hub الذكي 1048696الموزع
رف ا لألط موزع الموزعات من النوع هذا ( Passive Hubیمثل الموزع ) أالخامل
) لقدرة) یحتاج وال اإلشارة یكبر وال اتصال عقدة یمثل وهو مشترك السلكیةكهربائیة
وkاعادة تقویتها على ویعمل اإلشارة ( Active Hubیستقبل النشط ) الموزع ب الشبكة اجهزة بین اكبر بمسافات یسمح مما االشارة مقوي مثل أخرى مرة تولیدها
الفعال الموزعات من نوع الذكي Intelligence Hubهو 1048696الموزع اهمیتها حسب البیانات توزیع مثل اضافیة بوظائف یقوم
29
Hub
Passive hub Does not regenerate signals Does not strength signals Simply retransmit signals No electricity required
Active hub Regenerate strength amp retransmit the signals Usually 8 - 12 Ports Require electricity Also Called lsquoMultiport Repeatersrsquo
Intelligence hub An active hub that have some network management
capabilities
30
Repeater
It is a device that amplify amp regenerate amp retransmit the signal over the network
Allows network expansion because it can increase number of connected devices to the network
Repeaters work on the physical layer (1st layer) of the OSI model
Cannot be used with Ethernet or Token Ring Benefits for using repeaters
1 Strengthening amp amplifying signals2 Expanding networks
31
Bridge
A device that is used to connect components amp devices of the network
Work on the Data link layer (2nd) of the OSI model
Could be used to expand the size of LAN networks
Have the ability to connect different types of cables (Twisted pair ndash Coaxial - etc)
32
Router
A Router is a network device that forward packets from one network to another
It is a smart device that forwards packets based on The current traffic conditions (load line
costs bad lines etc) Internal routing tables (Intelligent )
Work on the Network layer (3nd) of the OSI model
33
Different Types of Router
1 Static Router requires from the network administrator to install the routing table manually
2 Dynamic Router Requires from the network administrator to
install the routing table manually at the beginning only
After that the routing table is updated automatically amp the router chooses the best routing path based on the routing protocol
34
Gateway
A network gateway is an internetworking system capable of joining together two networks that use different base protocols
A network gateway can be implemented depending on the types of protocols they support in Software Hardware Or a combination of both
Network gateways can operate at any level of the OSI model
Able to convert the data from one format to another and from one encoding system to another
14
ClientServer Networks
ClientServer Networks a network in which one centralized powerful computer (called the server) is connected to many less powerful personal computers or workstations (called clients)
Server is a specially designed and very powerful computer with large storage fast processor amp large memory
Types of Servers File Servers Printer Servers Application Servers Communication Servers Database Servers
15
Client Server Networks
A wants to use the printer A sends request to the server Server responds by putting pc A in
the request queue When it is Arsquos turn it uses the
printer
C wants to use the database C sends request to the server Server responds by putting pc C in
the request queue When it is Crsquos turn it uses the
printer
A B
C
Server
Request
Response
16
Advantages of ClientServer Networks
1 Protecting data from loss and damage
2 Possibility to make scheduled backups
3 Possibility to increase number of users
4 The clients computers are inexpensive
5 Centralization of network resources in a single computer
6 Ease of data management and control
7 Highly secured
Why because the server allows only special persons to control the management of network resources to issue permissions for users to use the resources that they need
17
Disadvantages of Client Server Networks
1 Requires expensive programs2 Requires powerful computer to be
used as a server3 Requires network management4 When the server fails the entire
network stops
18
ClientServer Network Management
Client Server networks are managed using network management systems installed on the server computer so that it controls everything about the network including The network performance Statistical reports Monitoring clients Monitoring resources
19
Network Classification based on its topography
20
Bus Group of computer devices connected to each
other along the same backbone cable Advantages
Inexpensive Doesnrsquot require a lot of devices to work Easy to install and manage
Disadvantages When the backbone cable is broken the whole
network stop Increasing number of users in the network may
lead to collisions limited expansion
Ethernet example of a technology that uses bus topology
21
Ring
A computer network where each computer amp device are connected to each other forming a large
Data is sent around the ring until it reaches its final destination (Token Ring Approach)
Advantages Prevents data collisions Guarantee data arrival Give an equal chance of sending
Disadvantages If one of the connected devices fail the whole network
stop Very Slow
Token Ring amp FDDI are examples of technologies that uses ring topology
22
Star
Group of computer devices connected to each other with a central device
Advantages Easy to install amp maintain Inexpensive Uses twisted pair cables
Disadvantages If the central device fails the whole network
stop Fast Ethernet is an example of a
technology that uses star topology
23
Classifying networks based on transmission medium
Wired Networks Networks that use wires as a transmission medium
for transferring data Coaxial cables Twisted Cables Fiber Optic Cables
Wireless Network Networks that uses the air as a transmission
medium for transferring data Radio signals Microwave signals Laser Signals Infrared signals
24
Rules for choosing the most suitable type of network
1 Size of the organization2 Number of users in the network3 Level of security4 Type of the organization5 Level of management support required
by the organization6 Requirement for users of the network7 Budget for the network
25
Devices for Exchanging amp Transferring Data
Network Interface Card (NIC) Modem Hub
Passive hub Active hub Intelligence hub
Repeater Bridge Router Gateway
26
Network Interface Card (NIC) Network Interface Card (NIC) is a
computer circuit board or card that is installed in a computer so that it can be connected to a network
27
The MODEM
MODEM is a device that contains group of electronic circuits amp converts analog signals into digital signal amp vice versa
Types of MODEMS Internal Part of the motherboard External Device connected to the
computer using a serial port
28
Hub
The most basic networking device that connects multiple computers or other network devices together Has no intelligence (No routing tables) Can detect collisions Hub works in the physical layer (1st layer) of the
OSI model Hub has three basic types
Passive hub Active hub Intelligence hub
- عدا المحلیة الشبكات أنواع معظم في الكمبیوتر أجهزة تتصلجهاز ) عن عبارة محوریة(( coaxial cablesوهو كوابل تستخدم التي اإلیثرنت شبكات
(hub )الشبكي الموزع یدعى وهو الشبكة أجهزة بین مركزیة وصل نقطة بدور یقومالشبكة( segmentsببعضها ) قطع ربط هي ووظیفته
الموزعات أنواع ومن Passive Hub الخامل 1048696الموزع Active Hub النشط 1048696الموزع Intelligence Hub الذكي 1048696الموزع
رف ا لألط موزع الموزعات من النوع هذا ( Passive Hubیمثل الموزع ) أالخامل
) لقدرة) یحتاج وال اإلشارة یكبر وال اتصال عقدة یمثل وهو مشترك السلكیةكهربائیة
وkاعادة تقویتها على ویعمل اإلشارة ( Active Hubیستقبل النشط ) الموزع ب الشبكة اجهزة بین اكبر بمسافات یسمح مما االشارة مقوي مثل أخرى مرة تولیدها
الفعال الموزعات من نوع الذكي Intelligence Hubهو 1048696الموزع اهمیتها حسب البیانات توزیع مثل اضافیة بوظائف یقوم
29
Hub
Passive hub Does not regenerate signals Does not strength signals Simply retransmit signals No electricity required
Active hub Regenerate strength amp retransmit the signals Usually 8 - 12 Ports Require electricity Also Called lsquoMultiport Repeatersrsquo
Intelligence hub An active hub that have some network management
capabilities
30
Repeater
It is a device that amplify amp regenerate amp retransmit the signal over the network
Allows network expansion because it can increase number of connected devices to the network
Repeaters work on the physical layer (1st layer) of the OSI model
Cannot be used with Ethernet or Token Ring Benefits for using repeaters
1 Strengthening amp amplifying signals2 Expanding networks
31
Bridge
A device that is used to connect components amp devices of the network
Work on the Data link layer (2nd) of the OSI model
Could be used to expand the size of LAN networks
Have the ability to connect different types of cables (Twisted pair ndash Coaxial - etc)
32
Router
A Router is a network device that forward packets from one network to another
It is a smart device that forwards packets based on The current traffic conditions (load line
costs bad lines etc) Internal routing tables (Intelligent )
Work on the Network layer (3nd) of the OSI model
33
Different Types of Router
1 Static Router requires from the network administrator to install the routing table manually
2 Dynamic Router Requires from the network administrator to
install the routing table manually at the beginning only
After that the routing table is updated automatically amp the router chooses the best routing path based on the routing protocol
34
Gateway
A network gateway is an internetworking system capable of joining together two networks that use different base protocols
A network gateway can be implemented depending on the types of protocols they support in Software Hardware Or a combination of both
Network gateways can operate at any level of the OSI model
Able to convert the data from one format to another and from one encoding system to another
15
Client Server Networks
A wants to use the printer A sends request to the server Server responds by putting pc A in
the request queue When it is Arsquos turn it uses the
printer
C wants to use the database C sends request to the server Server responds by putting pc C in
the request queue When it is Crsquos turn it uses the
printer
A B
C
Server
Request
Response
16
Advantages of ClientServer Networks
1 Protecting data from loss and damage
2 Possibility to make scheduled backups
3 Possibility to increase number of users
4 The clients computers are inexpensive
5 Centralization of network resources in a single computer
6 Ease of data management and control
7 Highly secured
Why because the server allows only special persons to control the management of network resources to issue permissions for users to use the resources that they need
17
Disadvantages of Client Server Networks
1 Requires expensive programs2 Requires powerful computer to be
used as a server3 Requires network management4 When the server fails the entire
network stops
18
ClientServer Network Management
Client Server networks are managed using network management systems installed on the server computer so that it controls everything about the network including The network performance Statistical reports Monitoring clients Monitoring resources
19
Network Classification based on its topography
20
Bus Group of computer devices connected to each
other along the same backbone cable Advantages
Inexpensive Doesnrsquot require a lot of devices to work Easy to install and manage
Disadvantages When the backbone cable is broken the whole
network stop Increasing number of users in the network may
lead to collisions limited expansion
Ethernet example of a technology that uses bus topology
21
Ring
A computer network where each computer amp device are connected to each other forming a large
Data is sent around the ring until it reaches its final destination (Token Ring Approach)
Advantages Prevents data collisions Guarantee data arrival Give an equal chance of sending
Disadvantages If one of the connected devices fail the whole network
stop Very Slow
Token Ring amp FDDI are examples of technologies that uses ring topology
22
Star
Group of computer devices connected to each other with a central device
Advantages Easy to install amp maintain Inexpensive Uses twisted pair cables
Disadvantages If the central device fails the whole network
stop Fast Ethernet is an example of a
technology that uses star topology
23
Classifying networks based on transmission medium
Wired Networks Networks that use wires as a transmission medium
for transferring data Coaxial cables Twisted Cables Fiber Optic Cables
Wireless Network Networks that uses the air as a transmission
medium for transferring data Radio signals Microwave signals Laser Signals Infrared signals
24
Rules for choosing the most suitable type of network
1 Size of the organization2 Number of users in the network3 Level of security4 Type of the organization5 Level of management support required
by the organization6 Requirement for users of the network7 Budget for the network
25
Devices for Exchanging amp Transferring Data
Network Interface Card (NIC) Modem Hub
Passive hub Active hub Intelligence hub
Repeater Bridge Router Gateway
26
Network Interface Card (NIC) Network Interface Card (NIC) is a
computer circuit board or card that is installed in a computer so that it can be connected to a network
27
The MODEM
MODEM is a device that contains group of electronic circuits amp converts analog signals into digital signal amp vice versa
Types of MODEMS Internal Part of the motherboard External Device connected to the
computer using a serial port
28
Hub
The most basic networking device that connects multiple computers or other network devices together Has no intelligence (No routing tables) Can detect collisions Hub works in the physical layer (1st layer) of the
OSI model Hub has three basic types
Passive hub Active hub Intelligence hub
- عدا المحلیة الشبكات أنواع معظم في الكمبیوتر أجهزة تتصلجهاز ) عن عبارة محوریة(( coaxial cablesوهو كوابل تستخدم التي اإلیثرنت شبكات
(hub )الشبكي الموزع یدعى وهو الشبكة أجهزة بین مركزیة وصل نقطة بدور یقومالشبكة( segmentsببعضها ) قطع ربط هي ووظیفته
الموزعات أنواع ومن Passive Hub الخامل 1048696الموزع Active Hub النشط 1048696الموزع Intelligence Hub الذكي 1048696الموزع
رف ا لألط موزع الموزعات من النوع هذا ( Passive Hubیمثل الموزع ) أالخامل
) لقدرة) یحتاج وال اإلشارة یكبر وال اتصال عقدة یمثل وهو مشترك السلكیةكهربائیة
وkاعادة تقویتها على ویعمل اإلشارة ( Active Hubیستقبل النشط ) الموزع ب الشبكة اجهزة بین اكبر بمسافات یسمح مما االشارة مقوي مثل أخرى مرة تولیدها
الفعال الموزعات من نوع الذكي Intelligence Hubهو 1048696الموزع اهمیتها حسب البیانات توزیع مثل اضافیة بوظائف یقوم
29
Hub
Passive hub Does not regenerate signals Does not strength signals Simply retransmit signals No electricity required
Active hub Regenerate strength amp retransmit the signals Usually 8 - 12 Ports Require electricity Also Called lsquoMultiport Repeatersrsquo
Intelligence hub An active hub that have some network management
capabilities
30
Repeater
It is a device that amplify amp regenerate amp retransmit the signal over the network
Allows network expansion because it can increase number of connected devices to the network
Repeaters work on the physical layer (1st layer) of the OSI model
Cannot be used with Ethernet or Token Ring Benefits for using repeaters
1 Strengthening amp amplifying signals2 Expanding networks
31
Bridge
A device that is used to connect components amp devices of the network
Work on the Data link layer (2nd) of the OSI model
Could be used to expand the size of LAN networks
Have the ability to connect different types of cables (Twisted pair ndash Coaxial - etc)
32
Router
A Router is a network device that forward packets from one network to another
It is a smart device that forwards packets based on The current traffic conditions (load line
costs bad lines etc) Internal routing tables (Intelligent )
Work on the Network layer (3nd) of the OSI model
33
Different Types of Router
1 Static Router requires from the network administrator to install the routing table manually
2 Dynamic Router Requires from the network administrator to
install the routing table manually at the beginning only
After that the routing table is updated automatically amp the router chooses the best routing path based on the routing protocol
34
Gateway
A network gateway is an internetworking system capable of joining together two networks that use different base protocols
A network gateway can be implemented depending on the types of protocols they support in Software Hardware Or a combination of both
Network gateways can operate at any level of the OSI model
Able to convert the data from one format to another and from one encoding system to another
16
Advantages of ClientServer Networks
1 Protecting data from loss and damage
2 Possibility to make scheduled backups
3 Possibility to increase number of users
4 The clients computers are inexpensive
5 Centralization of network resources in a single computer
6 Ease of data management and control
7 Highly secured
Why because the server allows only special persons to control the management of network resources to issue permissions for users to use the resources that they need
17
Disadvantages of Client Server Networks
1 Requires expensive programs2 Requires powerful computer to be
used as a server3 Requires network management4 When the server fails the entire
network stops
18
ClientServer Network Management
Client Server networks are managed using network management systems installed on the server computer so that it controls everything about the network including The network performance Statistical reports Monitoring clients Monitoring resources
19
Network Classification based on its topography
20
Bus Group of computer devices connected to each
other along the same backbone cable Advantages
Inexpensive Doesnrsquot require a lot of devices to work Easy to install and manage
Disadvantages When the backbone cable is broken the whole
network stop Increasing number of users in the network may
lead to collisions limited expansion
Ethernet example of a technology that uses bus topology
21
Ring
A computer network where each computer amp device are connected to each other forming a large
Data is sent around the ring until it reaches its final destination (Token Ring Approach)
Advantages Prevents data collisions Guarantee data arrival Give an equal chance of sending
Disadvantages If one of the connected devices fail the whole network
stop Very Slow
Token Ring amp FDDI are examples of technologies that uses ring topology
22
Star
Group of computer devices connected to each other with a central device
Advantages Easy to install amp maintain Inexpensive Uses twisted pair cables
Disadvantages If the central device fails the whole network
stop Fast Ethernet is an example of a
technology that uses star topology
23
Classifying networks based on transmission medium
Wired Networks Networks that use wires as a transmission medium
for transferring data Coaxial cables Twisted Cables Fiber Optic Cables
Wireless Network Networks that uses the air as a transmission
medium for transferring data Radio signals Microwave signals Laser Signals Infrared signals
24
Rules for choosing the most suitable type of network
1 Size of the organization2 Number of users in the network3 Level of security4 Type of the organization5 Level of management support required
by the organization6 Requirement for users of the network7 Budget for the network
25
Devices for Exchanging amp Transferring Data
Network Interface Card (NIC) Modem Hub
Passive hub Active hub Intelligence hub
Repeater Bridge Router Gateway
26
Network Interface Card (NIC) Network Interface Card (NIC) is a
computer circuit board or card that is installed in a computer so that it can be connected to a network
27
The MODEM
MODEM is a device that contains group of electronic circuits amp converts analog signals into digital signal amp vice versa
Types of MODEMS Internal Part of the motherboard External Device connected to the
computer using a serial port
28
Hub
The most basic networking device that connects multiple computers or other network devices together Has no intelligence (No routing tables) Can detect collisions Hub works in the physical layer (1st layer) of the
OSI model Hub has three basic types
Passive hub Active hub Intelligence hub
- عدا المحلیة الشبكات أنواع معظم في الكمبیوتر أجهزة تتصلجهاز ) عن عبارة محوریة(( coaxial cablesوهو كوابل تستخدم التي اإلیثرنت شبكات
(hub )الشبكي الموزع یدعى وهو الشبكة أجهزة بین مركزیة وصل نقطة بدور یقومالشبكة( segmentsببعضها ) قطع ربط هي ووظیفته
الموزعات أنواع ومن Passive Hub الخامل 1048696الموزع Active Hub النشط 1048696الموزع Intelligence Hub الذكي 1048696الموزع
رف ا لألط موزع الموزعات من النوع هذا ( Passive Hubیمثل الموزع ) أالخامل
) لقدرة) یحتاج وال اإلشارة یكبر وال اتصال عقدة یمثل وهو مشترك السلكیةكهربائیة
وkاعادة تقویتها على ویعمل اإلشارة ( Active Hubیستقبل النشط ) الموزع ب الشبكة اجهزة بین اكبر بمسافات یسمح مما االشارة مقوي مثل أخرى مرة تولیدها
الفعال الموزعات من نوع الذكي Intelligence Hubهو 1048696الموزع اهمیتها حسب البیانات توزیع مثل اضافیة بوظائف یقوم
29
Hub
Passive hub Does not regenerate signals Does not strength signals Simply retransmit signals No electricity required
Active hub Regenerate strength amp retransmit the signals Usually 8 - 12 Ports Require electricity Also Called lsquoMultiport Repeatersrsquo
Intelligence hub An active hub that have some network management
capabilities
30
Repeater
It is a device that amplify amp regenerate amp retransmit the signal over the network
Allows network expansion because it can increase number of connected devices to the network
Repeaters work on the physical layer (1st layer) of the OSI model
Cannot be used with Ethernet or Token Ring Benefits for using repeaters
1 Strengthening amp amplifying signals2 Expanding networks
31
Bridge
A device that is used to connect components amp devices of the network
Work on the Data link layer (2nd) of the OSI model
Could be used to expand the size of LAN networks
Have the ability to connect different types of cables (Twisted pair ndash Coaxial - etc)
32
Router
A Router is a network device that forward packets from one network to another
It is a smart device that forwards packets based on The current traffic conditions (load line
costs bad lines etc) Internal routing tables (Intelligent )
Work on the Network layer (3nd) of the OSI model
33
Different Types of Router
1 Static Router requires from the network administrator to install the routing table manually
2 Dynamic Router Requires from the network administrator to
install the routing table manually at the beginning only
After that the routing table is updated automatically amp the router chooses the best routing path based on the routing protocol
34
Gateway
A network gateway is an internetworking system capable of joining together two networks that use different base protocols
A network gateway can be implemented depending on the types of protocols they support in Software Hardware Or a combination of both
Network gateways can operate at any level of the OSI model
Able to convert the data from one format to another and from one encoding system to another
17
Disadvantages of Client Server Networks
1 Requires expensive programs2 Requires powerful computer to be
used as a server3 Requires network management4 When the server fails the entire
network stops
18
ClientServer Network Management
Client Server networks are managed using network management systems installed on the server computer so that it controls everything about the network including The network performance Statistical reports Monitoring clients Monitoring resources
19
Network Classification based on its topography
20
Bus Group of computer devices connected to each
other along the same backbone cable Advantages
Inexpensive Doesnrsquot require a lot of devices to work Easy to install and manage
Disadvantages When the backbone cable is broken the whole
network stop Increasing number of users in the network may
lead to collisions limited expansion
Ethernet example of a technology that uses bus topology
21
Ring
A computer network where each computer amp device are connected to each other forming a large
Data is sent around the ring until it reaches its final destination (Token Ring Approach)
Advantages Prevents data collisions Guarantee data arrival Give an equal chance of sending
Disadvantages If one of the connected devices fail the whole network
stop Very Slow
Token Ring amp FDDI are examples of technologies that uses ring topology
22
Star
Group of computer devices connected to each other with a central device
Advantages Easy to install amp maintain Inexpensive Uses twisted pair cables
Disadvantages If the central device fails the whole network
stop Fast Ethernet is an example of a
technology that uses star topology
23
Classifying networks based on transmission medium
Wired Networks Networks that use wires as a transmission medium
for transferring data Coaxial cables Twisted Cables Fiber Optic Cables
Wireless Network Networks that uses the air as a transmission
medium for transferring data Radio signals Microwave signals Laser Signals Infrared signals
24
Rules for choosing the most suitable type of network
1 Size of the organization2 Number of users in the network3 Level of security4 Type of the organization5 Level of management support required
by the organization6 Requirement for users of the network7 Budget for the network
25
Devices for Exchanging amp Transferring Data
Network Interface Card (NIC) Modem Hub
Passive hub Active hub Intelligence hub
Repeater Bridge Router Gateway
26
Network Interface Card (NIC) Network Interface Card (NIC) is a
computer circuit board or card that is installed in a computer so that it can be connected to a network
27
The MODEM
MODEM is a device that contains group of electronic circuits amp converts analog signals into digital signal amp vice versa
Types of MODEMS Internal Part of the motherboard External Device connected to the
computer using a serial port
28
Hub
The most basic networking device that connects multiple computers or other network devices together Has no intelligence (No routing tables) Can detect collisions Hub works in the physical layer (1st layer) of the
OSI model Hub has three basic types
Passive hub Active hub Intelligence hub
- عدا المحلیة الشبكات أنواع معظم في الكمبیوتر أجهزة تتصلجهاز ) عن عبارة محوریة(( coaxial cablesوهو كوابل تستخدم التي اإلیثرنت شبكات
(hub )الشبكي الموزع یدعى وهو الشبكة أجهزة بین مركزیة وصل نقطة بدور یقومالشبكة( segmentsببعضها ) قطع ربط هي ووظیفته
الموزعات أنواع ومن Passive Hub الخامل 1048696الموزع Active Hub النشط 1048696الموزع Intelligence Hub الذكي 1048696الموزع
رف ا لألط موزع الموزعات من النوع هذا ( Passive Hubیمثل الموزع ) أالخامل
) لقدرة) یحتاج وال اإلشارة یكبر وال اتصال عقدة یمثل وهو مشترك السلكیةكهربائیة
وkاعادة تقویتها على ویعمل اإلشارة ( Active Hubیستقبل النشط ) الموزع ب الشبكة اجهزة بین اكبر بمسافات یسمح مما االشارة مقوي مثل أخرى مرة تولیدها
الفعال الموزعات من نوع الذكي Intelligence Hubهو 1048696الموزع اهمیتها حسب البیانات توزیع مثل اضافیة بوظائف یقوم
29
Hub
Passive hub Does not regenerate signals Does not strength signals Simply retransmit signals No electricity required
Active hub Regenerate strength amp retransmit the signals Usually 8 - 12 Ports Require electricity Also Called lsquoMultiport Repeatersrsquo
Intelligence hub An active hub that have some network management
capabilities
30
Repeater
It is a device that amplify amp regenerate amp retransmit the signal over the network
Allows network expansion because it can increase number of connected devices to the network
Repeaters work on the physical layer (1st layer) of the OSI model
Cannot be used with Ethernet or Token Ring Benefits for using repeaters
1 Strengthening amp amplifying signals2 Expanding networks
31
Bridge
A device that is used to connect components amp devices of the network
Work on the Data link layer (2nd) of the OSI model
Could be used to expand the size of LAN networks
Have the ability to connect different types of cables (Twisted pair ndash Coaxial - etc)
32
Router
A Router is a network device that forward packets from one network to another
It is a smart device that forwards packets based on The current traffic conditions (load line
costs bad lines etc) Internal routing tables (Intelligent )
Work on the Network layer (3nd) of the OSI model
33
Different Types of Router
1 Static Router requires from the network administrator to install the routing table manually
2 Dynamic Router Requires from the network administrator to
install the routing table manually at the beginning only
After that the routing table is updated automatically amp the router chooses the best routing path based on the routing protocol
34
Gateway
A network gateway is an internetworking system capable of joining together two networks that use different base protocols
A network gateway can be implemented depending on the types of protocols they support in Software Hardware Or a combination of both
Network gateways can operate at any level of the OSI model
Able to convert the data from one format to another and from one encoding system to another
18
ClientServer Network Management
Client Server networks are managed using network management systems installed on the server computer so that it controls everything about the network including The network performance Statistical reports Monitoring clients Monitoring resources
19
Network Classification based on its topography
20
Bus Group of computer devices connected to each
other along the same backbone cable Advantages
Inexpensive Doesnrsquot require a lot of devices to work Easy to install and manage
Disadvantages When the backbone cable is broken the whole
network stop Increasing number of users in the network may
lead to collisions limited expansion
Ethernet example of a technology that uses bus topology
21
Ring
A computer network where each computer amp device are connected to each other forming a large
Data is sent around the ring until it reaches its final destination (Token Ring Approach)
Advantages Prevents data collisions Guarantee data arrival Give an equal chance of sending
Disadvantages If one of the connected devices fail the whole network
stop Very Slow
Token Ring amp FDDI are examples of technologies that uses ring topology
22
Star
Group of computer devices connected to each other with a central device
Advantages Easy to install amp maintain Inexpensive Uses twisted pair cables
Disadvantages If the central device fails the whole network
stop Fast Ethernet is an example of a
technology that uses star topology
23
Classifying networks based on transmission medium
Wired Networks Networks that use wires as a transmission medium
for transferring data Coaxial cables Twisted Cables Fiber Optic Cables
Wireless Network Networks that uses the air as a transmission
medium for transferring data Radio signals Microwave signals Laser Signals Infrared signals
24
Rules for choosing the most suitable type of network
1 Size of the organization2 Number of users in the network3 Level of security4 Type of the organization5 Level of management support required
by the organization6 Requirement for users of the network7 Budget for the network
25
Devices for Exchanging amp Transferring Data
Network Interface Card (NIC) Modem Hub
Passive hub Active hub Intelligence hub
Repeater Bridge Router Gateway
26
Network Interface Card (NIC) Network Interface Card (NIC) is a
computer circuit board or card that is installed in a computer so that it can be connected to a network
27
The MODEM
MODEM is a device that contains group of electronic circuits amp converts analog signals into digital signal amp vice versa
Types of MODEMS Internal Part of the motherboard External Device connected to the
computer using a serial port
28
Hub
The most basic networking device that connects multiple computers or other network devices together Has no intelligence (No routing tables) Can detect collisions Hub works in the physical layer (1st layer) of the
OSI model Hub has three basic types
Passive hub Active hub Intelligence hub
- عدا المحلیة الشبكات أنواع معظم في الكمبیوتر أجهزة تتصلجهاز ) عن عبارة محوریة(( coaxial cablesوهو كوابل تستخدم التي اإلیثرنت شبكات
(hub )الشبكي الموزع یدعى وهو الشبكة أجهزة بین مركزیة وصل نقطة بدور یقومالشبكة( segmentsببعضها ) قطع ربط هي ووظیفته
الموزعات أنواع ومن Passive Hub الخامل 1048696الموزع Active Hub النشط 1048696الموزع Intelligence Hub الذكي 1048696الموزع
رف ا لألط موزع الموزعات من النوع هذا ( Passive Hubیمثل الموزع ) أالخامل
) لقدرة) یحتاج وال اإلشارة یكبر وال اتصال عقدة یمثل وهو مشترك السلكیةكهربائیة
وkاعادة تقویتها على ویعمل اإلشارة ( Active Hubیستقبل النشط ) الموزع ب الشبكة اجهزة بین اكبر بمسافات یسمح مما االشارة مقوي مثل أخرى مرة تولیدها
الفعال الموزعات من نوع الذكي Intelligence Hubهو 1048696الموزع اهمیتها حسب البیانات توزیع مثل اضافیة بوظائف یقوم
29
Hub
Passive hub Does not regenerate signals Does not strength signals Simply retransmit signals No electricity required
Active hub Regenerate strength amp retransmit the signals Usually 8 - 12 Ports Require electricity Also Called lsquoMultiport Repeatersrsquo
Intelligence hub An active hub that have some network management
capabilities
30
Repeater
It is a device that amplify amp regenerate amp retransmit the signal over the network
Allows network expansion because it can increase number of connected devices to the network
Repeaters work on the physical layer (1st layer) of the OSI model
Cannot be used with Ethernet or Token Ring Benefits for using repeaters
1 Strengthening amp amplifying signals2 Expanding networks
31
Bridge
A device that is used to connect components amp devices of the network
Work on the Data link layer (2nd) of the OSI model
Could be used to expand the size of LAN networks
Have the ability to connect different types of cables (Twisted pair ndash Coaxial - etc)
32
Router
A Router is a network device that forward packets from one network to another
It is a smart device that forwards packets based on The current traffic conditions (load line
costs bad lines etc) Internal routing tables (Intelligent )
Work on the Network layer (3nd) of the OSI model
33
Different Types of Router
1 Static Router requires from the network administrator to install the routing table manually
2 Dynamic Router Requires from the network administrator to
install the routing table manually at the beginning only
After that the routing table is updated automatically amp the router chooses the best routing path based on the routing protocol
34
Gateway
A network gateway is an internetworking system capable of joining together two networks that use different base protocols
A network gateway can be implemented depending on the types of protocols they support in Software Hardware Or a combination of both
Network gateways can operate at any level of the OSI model
Able to convert the data from one format to another and from one encoding system to another
19
Network Classification based on its topography
20
Bus Group of computer devices connected to each
other along the same backbone cable Advantages
Inexpensive Doesnrsquot require a lot of devices to work Easy to install and manage
Disadvantages When the backbone cable is broken the whole
network stop Increasing number of users in the network may
lead to collisions limited expansion
Ethernet example of a technology that uses bus topology
21
Ring
A computer network where each computer amp device are connected to each other forming a large
Data is sent around the ring until it reaches its final destination (Token Ring Approach)
Advantages Prevents data collisions Guarantee data arrival Give an equal chance of sending
Disadvantages If one of the connected devices fail the whole network
stop Very Slow
Token Ring amp FDDI are examples of technologies that uses ring topology
22
Star
Group of computer devices connected to each other with a central device
Advantages Easy to install amp maintain Inexpensive Uses twisted pair cables
Disadvantages If the central device fails the whole network
stop Fast Ethernet is an example of a
technology that uses star topology
23
Classifying networks based on transmission medium
Wired Networks Networks that use wires as a transmission medium
for transferring data Coaxial cables Twisted Cables Fiber Optic Cables
Wireless Network Networks that uses the air as a transmission
medium for transferring data Radio signals Microwave signals Laser Signals Infrared signals
24
Rules for choosing the most suitable type of network
1 Size of the organization2 Number of users in the network3 Level of security4 Type of the organization5 Level of management support required
by the organization6 Requirement for users of the network7 Budget for the network
25
Devices for Exchanging amp Transferring Data
Network Interface Card (NIC) Modem Hub
Passive hub Active hub Intelligence hub
Repeater Bridge Router Gateway
26
Network Interface Card (NIC) Network Interface Card (NIC) is a
computer circuit board or card that is installed in a computer so that it can be connected to a network
27
The MODEM
MODEM is a device that contains group of electronic circuits amp converts analog signals into digital signal amp vice versa
Types of MODEMS Internal Part of the motherboard External Device connected to the
computer using a serial port
28
Hub
The most basic networking device that connects multiple computers or other network devices together Has no intelligence (No routing tables) Can detect collisions Hub works in the physical layer (1st layer) of the
OSI model Hub has three basic types
Passive hub Active hub Intelligence hub
- عدا المحلیة الشبكات أنواع معظم في الكمبیوتر أجهزة تتصلجهاز ) عن عبارة محوریة(( coaxial cablesوهو كوابل تستخدم التي اإلیثرنت شبكات
(hub )الشبكي الموزع یدعى وهو الشبكة أجهزة بین مركزیة وصل نقطة بدور یقومالشبكة( segmentsببعضها ) قطع ربط هي ووظیفته
الموزعات أنواع ومن Passive Hub الخامل 1048696الموزع Active Hub النشط 1048696الموزع Intelligence Hub الذكي 1048696الموزع
رف ا لألط موزع الموزعات من النوع هذا ( Passive Hubیمثل الموزع ) أالخامل
) لقدرة) یحتاج وال اإلشارة یكبر وال اتصال عقدة یمثل وهو مشترك السلكیةكهربائیة
وkاعادة تقویتها على ویعمل اإلشارة ( Active Hubیستقبل النشط ) الموزع ب الشبكة اجهزة بین اكبر بمسافات یسمح مما االشارة مقوي مثل أخرى مرة تولیدها
الفعال الموزعات من نوع الذكي Intelligence Hubهو 1048696الموزع اهمیتها حسب البیانات توزیع مثل اضافیة بوظائف یقوم
29
Hub
Passive hub Does not regenerate signals Does not strength signals Simply retransmit signals No electricity required
Active hub Regenerate strength amp retransmit the signals Usually 8 - 12 Ports Require electricity Also Called lsquoMultiport Repeatersrsquo
Intelligence hub An active hub that have some network management
capabilities
30
Repeater
It is a device that amplify amp regenerate amp retransmit the signal over the network
Allows network expansion because it can increase number of connected devices to the network
Repeaters work on the physical layer (1st layer) of the OSI model
Cannot be used with Ethernet or Token Ring Benefits for using repeaters
1 Strengthening amp amplifying signals2 Expanding networks
31
Bridge
A device that is used to connect components amp devices of the network
Work on the Data link layer (2nd) of the OSI model
Could be used to expand the size of LAN networks
Have the ability to connect different types of cables (Twisted pair ndash Coaxial - etc)
32
Router
A Router is a network device that forward packets from one network to another
It is a smart device that forwards packets based on The current traffic conditions (load line
costs bad lines etc) Internal routing tables (Intelligent )
Work on the Network layer (3nd) of the OSI model
33
Different Types of Router
1 Static Router requires from the network administrator to install the routing table manually
2 Dynamic Router Requires from the network administrator to
install the routing table manually at the beginning only
After that the routing table is updated automatically amp the router chooses the best routing path based on the routing protocol
34
Gateway
A network gateway is an internetworking system capable of joining together two networks that use different base protocols
A network gateway can be implemented depending on the types of protocols they support in Software Hardware Or a combination of both
Network gateways can operate at any level of the OSI model
Able to convert the data from one format to another and from one encoding system to another
20
Bus Group of computer devices connected to each
other along the same backbone cable Advantages
Inexpensive Doesnrsquot require a lot of devices to work Easy to install and manage
Disadvantages When the backbone cable is broken the whole
network stop Increasing number of users in the network may
lead to collisions limited expansion
Ethernet example of a technology that uses bus topology
21
Ring
A computer network where each computer amp device are connected to each other forming a large
Data is sent around the ring until it reaches its final destination (Token Ring Approach)
Advantages Prevents data collisions Guarantee data arrival Give an equal chance of sending
Disadvantages If one of the connected devices fail the whole network
stop Very Slow
Token Ring amp FDDI are examples of technologies that uses ring topology
22
Star
Group of computer devices connected to each other with a central device
Advantages Easy to install amp maintain Inexpensive Uses twisted pair cables
Disadvantages If the central device fails the whole network
stop Fast Ethernet is an example of a
technology that uses star topology
23
Classifying networks based on transmission medium
Wired Networks Networks that use wires as a transmission medium
for transferring data Coaxial cables Twisted Cables Fiber Optic Cables
Wireless Network Networks that uses the air as a transmission
medium for transferring data Radio signals Microwave signals Laser Signals Infrared signals
24
Rules for choosing the most suitable type of network
1 Size of the organization2 Number of users in the network3 Level of security4 Type of the organization5 Level of management support required
by the organization6 Requirement for users of the network7 Budget for the network
25
Devices for Exchanging amp Transferring Data
Network Interface Card (NIC) Modem Hub
Passive hub Active hub Intelligence hub
Repeater Bridge Router Gateway
26
Network Interface Card (NIC) Network Interface Card (NIC) is a
computer circuit board or card that is installed in a computer so that it can be connected to a network
27
The MODEM
MODEM is a device that contains group of electronic circuits amp converts analog signals into digital signal amp vice versa
Types of MODEMS Internal Part of the motherboard External Device connected to the
computer using a serial port
28
Hub
The most basic networking device that connects multiple computers or other network devices together Has no intelligence (No routing tables) Can detect collisions Hub works in the physical layer (1st layer) of the
OSI model Hub has three basic types
Passive hub Active hub Intelligence hub
- عدا المحلیة الشبكات أنواع معظم في الكمبیوتر أجهزة تتصلجهاز ) عن عبارة محوریة(( coaxial cablesوهو كوابل تستخدم التي اإلیثرنت شبكات
(hub )الشبكي الموزع یدعى وهو الشبكة أجهزة بین مركزیة وصل نقطة بدور یقومالشبكة( segmentsببعضها ) قطع ربط هي ووظیفته
الموزعات أنواع ومن Passive Hub الخامل 1048696الموزع Active Hub النشط 1048696الموزع Intelligence Hub الذكي 1048696الموزع
رف ا لألط موزع الموزعات من النوع هذا ( Passive Hubیمثل الموزع ) أالخامل
) لقدرة) یحتاج وال اإلشارة یكبر وال اتصال عقدة یمثل وهو مشترك السلكیةكهربائیة
وkاعادة تقویتها على ویعمل اإلشارة ( Active Hubیستقبل النشط ) الموزع ب الشبكة اجهزة بین اكبر بمسافات یسمح مما االشارة مقوي مثل أخرى مرة تولیدها
الفعال الموزعات من نوع الذكي Intelligence Hubهو 1048696الموزع اهمیتها حسب البیانات توزیع مثل اضافیة بوظائف یقوم
29
Hub
Passive hub Does not regenerate signals Does not strength signals Simply retransmit signals No electricity required
Active hub Regenerate strength amp retransmit the signals Usually 8 - 12 Ports Require electricity Also Called lsquoMultiport Repeatersrsquo
Intelligence hub An active hub that have some network management
capabilities
30
Repeater
It is a device that amplify amp regenerate amp retransmit the signal over the network
Allows network expansion because it can increase number of connected devices to the network
Repeaters work on the physical layer (1st layer) of the OSI model
Cannot be used with Ethernet or Token Ring Benefits for using repeaters
1 Strengthening amp amplifying signals2 Expanding networks
31
Bridge
A device that is used to connect components amp devices of the network
Work on the Data link layer (2nd) of the OSI model
Could be used to expand the size of LAN networks
Have the ability to connect different types of cables (Twisted pair ndash Coaxial - etc)
32
Router
A Router is a network device that forward packets from one network to another
It is a smart device that forwards packets based on The current traffic conditions (load line
costs bad lines etc) Internal routing tables (Intelligent )
Work on the Network layer (3nd) of the OSI model
33
Different Types of Router
1 Static Router requires from the network administrator to install the routing table manually
2 Dynamic Router Requires from the network administrator to
install the routing table manually at the beginning only
After that the routing table is updated automatically amp the router chooses the best routing path based on the routing protocol
34
Gateway
A network gateway is an internetworking system capable of joining together two networks that use different base protocols
A network gateway can be implemented depending on the types of protocols they support in Software Hardware Or a combination of both
Network gateways can operate at any level of the OSI model
Able to convert the data from one format to another and from one encoding system to another
21
Ring
A computer network where each computer amp device are connected to each other forming a large
Data is sent around the ring until it reaches its final destination (Token Ring Approach)
Advantages Prevents data collisions Guarantee data arrival Give an equal chance of sending
Disadvantages If one of the connected devices fail the whole network
stop Very Slow
Token Ring amp FDDI are examples of technologies that uses ring topology
22
Star
Group of computer devices connected to each other with a central device
Advantages Easy to install amp maintain Inexpensive Uses twisted pair cables
Disadvantages If the central device fails the whole network
stop Fast Ethernet is an example of a
technology that uses star topology
23
Classifying networks based on transmission medium
Wired Networks Networks that use wires as a transmission medium
for transferring data Coaxial cables Twisted Cables Fiber Optic Cables
Wireless Network Networks that uses the air as a transmission
medium for transferring data Radio signals Microwave signals Laser Signals Infrared signals
24
Rules for choosing the most suitable type of network
1 Size of the organization2 Number of users in the network3 Level of security4 Type of the organization5 Level of management support required
by the organization6 Requirement for users of the network7 Budget for the network
25
Devices for Exchanging amp Transferring Data
Network Interface Card (NIC) Modem Hub
Passive hub Active hub Intelligence hub
Repeater Bridge Router Gateway
26
Network Interface Card (NIC) Network Interface Card (NIC) is a
computer circuit board or card that is installed in a computer so that it can be connected to a network
27
The MODEM
MODEM is a device that contains group of electronic circuits amp converts analog signals into digital signal amp vice versa
Types of MODEMS Internal Part of the motherboard External Device connected to the
computer using a serial port
28
Hub
The most basic networking device that connects multiple computers or other network devices together Has no intelligence (No routing tables) Can detect collisions Hub works in the physical layer (1st layer) of the
OSI model Hub has three basic types
Passive hub Active hub Intelligence hub
- عدا المحلیة الشبكات أنواع معظم في الكمبیوتر أجهزة تتصلجهاز ) عن عبارة محوریة(( coaxial cablesوهو كوابل تستخدم التي اإلیثرنت شبكات
(hub )الشبكي الموزع یدعى وهو الشبكة أجهزة بین مركزیة وصل نقطة بدور یقومالشبكة( segmentsببعضها ) قطع ربط هي ووظیفته
الموزعات أنواع ومن Passive Hub الخامل 1048696الموزع Active Hub النشط 1048696الموزع Intelligence Hub الذكي 1048696الموزع
رف ا لألط موزع الموزعات من النوع هذا ( Passive Hubیمثل الموزع ) أالخامل
) لقدرة) یحتاج وال اإلشارة یكبر وال اتصال عقدة یمثل وهو مشترك السلكیةكهربائیة
وkاعادة تقویتها على ویعمل اإلشارة ( Active Hubیستقبل النشط ) الموزع ب الشبكة اجهزة بین اكبر بمسافات یسمح مما االشارة مقوي مثل أخرى مرة تولیدها
الفعال الموزعات من نوع الذكي Intelligence Hubهو 1048696الموزع اهمیتها حسب البیانات توزیع مثل اضافیة بوظائف یقوم
29
Hub
Passive hub Does not regenerate signals Does not strength signals Simply retransmit signals No electricity required
Active hub Regenerate strength amp retransmit the signals Usually 8 - 12 Ports Require electricity Also Called lsquoMultiport Repeatersrsquo
Intelligence hub An active hub that have some network management
capabilities
30
Repeater
It is a device that amplify amp regenerate amp retransmit the signal over the network
Allows network expansion because it can increase number of connected devices to the network
Repeaters work on the physical layer (1st layer) of the OSI model
Cannot be used with Ethernet or Token Ring Benefits for using repeaters
1 Strengthening amp amplifying signals2 Expanding networks
31
Bridge
A device that is used to connect components amp devices of the network
Work on the Data link layer (2nd) of the OSI model
Could be used to expand the size of LAN networks
Have the ability to connect different types of cables (Twisted pair ndash Coaxial - etc)
32
Router
A Router is a network device that forward packets from one network to another
It is a smart device that forwards packets based on The current traffic conditions (load line
costs bad lines etc) Internal routing tables (Intelligent )
Work on the Network layer (3nd) of the OSI model
33
Different Types of Router
1 Static Router requires from the network administrator to install the routing table manually
2 Dynamic Router Requires from the network administrator to
install the routing table manually at the beginning only
After that the routing table is updated automatically amp the router chooses the best routing path based on the routing protocol
34
Gateway
A network gateway is an internetworking system capable of joining together two networks that use different base protocols
A network gateway can be implemented depending on the types of protocols they support in Software Hardware Or a combination of both
Network gateways can operate at any level of the OSI model
Able to convert the data from one format to another and from one encoding system to another
22
Star
Group of computer devices connected to each other with a central device
Advantages Easy to install amp maintain Inexpensive Uses twisted pair cables
Disadvantages If the central device fails the whole network
stop Fast Ethernet is an example of a
technology that uses star topology
23
Classifying networks based on transmission medium
Wired Networks Networks that use wires as a transmission medium
for transferring data Coaxial cables Twisted Cables Fiber Optic Cables
Wireless Network Networks that uses the air as a transmission
medium for transferring data Radio signals Microwave signals Laser Signals Infrared signals
24
Rules for choosing the most suitable type of network
1 Size of the organization2 Number of users in the network3 Level of security4 Type of the organization5 Level of management support required
by the organization6 Requirement for users of the network7 Budget for the network
25
Devices for Exchanging amp Transferring Data
Network Interface Card (NIC) Modem Hub
Passive hub Active hub Intelligence hub
Repeater Bridge Router Gateway
26
Network Interface Card (NIC) Network Interface Card (NIC) is a
computer circuit board or card that is installed in a computer so that it can be connected to a network
27
The MODEM
MODEM is a device that contains group of electronic circuits amp converts analog signals into digital signal amp vice versa
Types of MODEMS Internal Part of the motherboard External Device connected to the
computer using a serial port
28
Hub
The most basic networking device that connects multiple computers or other network devices together Has no intelligence (No routing tables) Can detect collisions Hub works in the physical layer (1st layer) of the
OSI model Hub has three basic types
Passive hub Active hub Intelligence hub
- عدا المحلیة الشبكات أنواع معظم في الكمبیوتر أجهزة تتصلجهاز ) عن عبارة محوریة(( coaxial cablesوهو كوابل تستخدم التي اإلیثرنت شبكات
(hub )الشبكي الموزع یدعى وهو الشبكة أجهزة بین مركزیة وصل نقطة بدور یقومالشبكة( segmentsببعضها ) قطع ربط هي ووظیفته
الموزعات أنواع ومن Passive Hub الخامل 1048696الموزع Active Hub النشط 1048696الموزع Intelligence Hub الذكي 1048696الموزع
رف ا لألط موزع الموزعات من النوع هذا ( Passive Hubیمثل الموزع ) أالخامل
) لقدرة) یحتاج وال اإلشارة یكبر وال اتصال عقدة یمثل وهو مشترك السلكیةكهربائیة
وkاعادة تقویتها على ویعمل اإلشارة ( Active Hubیستقبل النشط ) الموزع ب الشبكة اجهزة بین اكبر بمسافات یسمح مما االشارة مقوي مثل أخرى مرة تولیدها
الفعال الموزعات من نوع الذكي Intelligence Hubهو 1048696الموزع اهمیتها حسب البیانات توزیع مثل اضافیة بوظائف یقوم
29
Hub
Passive hub Does not regenerate signals Does not strength signals Simply retransmit signals No electricity required
Active hub Regenerate strength amp retransmit the signals Usually 8 - 12 Ports Require electricity Also Called lsquoMultiport Repeatersrsquo
Intelligence hub An active hub that have some network management
capabilities
30
Repeater
It is a device that amplify amp regenerate amp retransmit the signal over the network
Allows network expansion because it can increase number of connected devices to the network
Repeaters work on the physical layer (1st layer) of the OSI model
Cannot be used with Ethernet or Token Ring Benefits for using repeaters
1 Strengthening amp amplifying signals2 Expanding networks
31
Bridge
A device that is used to connect components amp devices of the network
Work on the Data link layer (2nd) of the OSI model
Could be used to expand the size of LAN networks
Have the ability to connect different types of cables (Twisted pair ndash Coaxial - etc)
32
Router
A Router is a network device that forward packets from one network to another
It is a smart device that forwards packets based on The current traffic conditions (load line
costs bad lines etc) Internal routing tables (Intelligent )
Work on the Network layer (3nd) of the OSI model
33
Different Types of Router
1 Static Router requires from the network administrator to install the routing table manually
2 Dynamic Router Requires from the network administrator to
install the routing table manually at the beginning only
After that the routing table is updated automatically amp the router chooses the best routing path based on the routing protocol
34
Gateway
A network gateway is an internetworking system capable of joining together two networks that use different base protocols
A network gateway can be implemented depending on the types of protocols they support in Software Hardware Or a combination of both
Network gateways can operate at any level of the OSI model
Able to convert the data from one format to another and from one encoding system to another
23
Classifying networks based on transmission medium
Wired Networks Networks that use wires as a transmission medium
for transferring data Coaxial cables Twisted Cables Fiber Optic Cables
Wireless Network Networks that uses the air as a transmission
medium for transferring data Radio signals Microwave signals Laser Signals Infrared signals
24
Rules for choosing the most suitable type of network
1 Size of the organization2 Number of users in the network3 Level of security4 Type of the organization5 Level of management support required
by the organization6 Requirement for users of the network7 Budget for the network
25
Devices for Exchanging amp Transferring Data
Network Interface Card (NIC) Modem Hub
Passive hub Active hub Intelligence hub
Repeater Bridge Router Gateway
26
Network Interface Card (NIC) Network Interface Card (NIC) is a
computer circuit board or card that is installed in a computer so that it can be connected to a network
27
The MODEM
MODEM is a device that contains group of electronic circuits amp converts analog signals into digital signal amp vice versa
Types of MODEMS Internal Part of the motherboard External Device connected to the
computer using a serial port
28
Hub
The most basic networking device that connects multiple computers or other network devices together Has no intelligence (No routing tables) Can detect collisions Hub works in the physical layer (1st layer) of the
OSI model Hub has three basic types
Passive hub Active hub Intelligence hub
- عدا المحلیة الشبكات أنواع معظم في الكمبیوتر أجهزة تتصلجهاز ) عن عبارة محوریة(( coaxial cablesوهو كوابل تستخدم التي اإلیثرنت شبكات
(hub )الشبكي الموزع یدعى وهو الشبكة أجهزة بین مركزیة وصل نقطة بدور یقومالشبكة( segmentsببعضها ) قطع ربط هي ووظیفته
الموزعات أنواع ومن Passive Hub الخامل 1048696الموزع Active Hub النشط 1048696الموزع Intelligence Hub الذكي 1048696الموزع
رف ا لألط موزع الموزعات من النوع هذا ( Passive Hubیمثل الموزع ) أالخامل
) لقدرة) یحتاج وال اإلشارة یكبر وال اتصال عقدة یمثل وهو مشترك السلكیةكهربائیة
وkاعادة تقویتها على ویعمل اإلشارة ( Active Hubیستقبل النشط ) الموزع ب الشبكة اجهزة بین اكبر بمسافات یسمح مما االشارة مقوي مثل أخرى مرة تولیدها
الفعال الموزعات من نوع الذكي Intelligence Hubهو 1048696الموزع اهمیتها حسب البیانات توزیع مثل اضافیة بوظائف یقوم
29
Hub
Passive hub Does not regenerate signals Does not strength signals Simply retransmit signals No electricity required
Active hub Regenerate strength amp retransmit the signals Usually 8 - 12 Ports Require electricity Also Called lsquoMultiport Repeatersrsquo
Intelligence hub An active hub that have some network management
capabilities
30
Repeater
It is a device that amplify amp regenerate amp retransmit the signal over the network
Allows network expansion because it can increase number of connected devices to the network
Repeaters work on the physical layer (1st layer) of the OSI model
Cannot be used with Ethernet or Token Ring Benefits for using repeaters
1 Strengthening amp amplifying signals2 Expanding networks
31
Bridge
A device that is used to connect components amp devices of the network
Work on the Data link layer (2nd) of the OSI model
Could be used to expand the size of LAN networks
Have the ability to connect different types of cables (Twisted pair ndash Coaxial - etc)
32
Router
A Router is a network device that forward packets from one network to another
It is a smart device that forwards packets based on The current traffic conditions (load line
costs bad lines etc) Internal routing tables (Intelligent )
Work on the Network layer (3nd) of the OSI model
33
Different Types of Router
1 Static Router requires from the network administrator to install the routing table manually
2 Dynamic Router Requires from the network administrator to
install the routing table manually at the beginning only
After that the routing table is updated automatically amp the router chooses the best routing path based on the routing protocol
34
Gateway
A network gateway is an internetworking system capable of joining together two networks that use different base protocols
A network gateway can be implemented depending on the types of protocols they support in Software Hardware Or a combination of both
Network gateways can operate at any level of the OSI model
Able to convert the data from one format to another and from one encoding system to another
24
Rules for choosing the most suitable type of network
1 Size of the organization2 Number of users in the network3 Level of security4 Type of the organization5 Level of management support required
by the organization6 Requirement for users of the network7 Budget for the network
25
Devices for Exchanging amp Transferring Data
Network Interface Card (NIC) Modem Hub
Passive hub Active hub Intelligence hub
Repeater Bridge Router Gateway
26
Network Interface Card (NIC) Network Interface Card (NIC) is a
computer circuit board or card that is installed in a computer so that it can be connected to a network
27
The MODEM
MODEM is a device that contains group of electronic circuits amp converts analog signals into digital signal amp vice versa
Types of MODEMS Internal Part of the motherboard External Device connected to the
computer using a serial port
28
Hub
The most basic networking device that connects multiple computers or other network devices together Has no intelligence (No routing tables) Can detect collisions Hub works in the physical layer (1st layer) of the
OSI model Hub has three basic types
Passive hub Active hub Intelligence hub
- عدا المحلیة الشبكات أنواع معظم في الكمبیوتر أجهزة تتصلجهاز ) عن عبارة محوریة(( coaxial cablesوهو كوابل تستخدم التي اإلیثرنت شبكات
(hub )الشبكي الموزع یدعى وهو الشبكة أجهزة بین مركزیة وصل نقطة بدور یقومالشبكة( segmentsببعضها ) قطع ربط هي ووظیفته
الموزعات أنواع ومن Passive Hub الخامل 1048696الموزع Active Hub النشط 1048696الموزع Intelligence Hub الذكي 1048696الموزع
رف ا لألط موزع الموزعات من النوع هذا ( Passive Hubیمثل الموزع ) أالخامل
) لقدرة) یحتاج وال اإلشارة یكبر وال اتصال عقدة یمثل وهو مشترك السلكیةكهربائیة
وkاعادة تقویتها على ویعمل اإلشارة ( Active Hubیستقبل النشط ) الموزع ب الشبكة اجهزة بین اكبر بمسافات یسمح مما االشارة مقوي مثل أخرى مرة تولیدها
الفعال الموزعات من نوع الذكي Intelligence Hubهو 1048696الموزع اهمیتها حسب البیانات توزیع مثل اضافیة بوظائف یقوم
29
Hub
Passive hub Does not regenerate signals Does not strength signals Simply retransmit signals No electricity required
Active hub Regenerate strength amp retransmit the signals Usually 8 - 12 Ports Require electricity Also Called lsquoMultiport Repeatersrsquo
Intelligence hub An active hub that have some network management
capabilities
30
Repeater
It is a device that amplify amp regenerate amp retransmit the signal over the network
Allows network expansion because it can increase number of connected devices to the network
Repeaters work on the physical layer (1st layer) of the OSI model
Cannot be used with Ethernet or Token Ring Benefits for using repeaters
1 Strengthening amp amplifying signals2 Expanding networks
31
Bridge
A device that is used to connect components amp devices of the network
Work on the Data link layer (2nd) of the OSI model
Could be used to expand the size of LAN networks
Have the ability to connect different types of cables (Twisted pair ndash Coaxial - etc)
32
Router
A Router is a network device that forward packets from one network to another
It is a smart device that forwards packets based on The current traffic conditions (load line
costs bad lines etc) Internal routing tables (Intelligent )
Work on the Network layer (3nd) of the OSI model
33
Different Types of Router
1 Static Router requires from the network administrator to install the routing table manually
2 Dynamic Router Requires from the network administrator to
install the routing table manually at the beginning only
After that the routing table is updated automatically amp the router chooses the best routing path based on the routing protocol
34
Gateway
A network gateway is an internetworking system capable of joining together two networks that use different base protocols
A network gateway can be implemented depending on the types of protocols they support in Software Hardware Or a combination of both
Network gateways can operate at any level of the OSI model
Able to convert the data from one format to another and from one encoding system to another
25
Devices for Exchanging amp Transferring Data
Network Interface Card (NIC) Modem Hub
Passive hub Active hub Intelligence hub
Repeater Bridge Router Gateway
26
Network Interface Card (NIC) Network Interface Card (NIC) is a
computer circuit board or card that is installed in a computer so that it can be connected to a network
27
The MODEM
MODEM is a device that contains group of electronic circuits amp converts analog signals into digital signal amp vice versa
Types of MODEMS Internal Part of the motherboard External Device connected to the
computer using a serial port
28
Hub
The most basic networking device that connects multiple computers or other network devices together Has no intelligence (No routing tables) Can detect collisions Hub works in the physical layer (1st layer) of the
OSI model Hub has three basic types
Passive hub Active hub Intelligence hub
- عدا المحلیة الشبكات أنواع معظم في الكمبیوتر أجهزة تتصلجهاز ) عن عبارة محوریة(( coaxial cablesوهو كوابل تستخدم التي اإلیثرنت شبكات
(hub )الشبكي الموزع یدعى وهو الشبكة أجهزة بین مركزیة وصل نقطة بدور یقومالشبكة( segmentsببعضها ) قطع ربط هي ووظیفته
الموزعات أنواع ومن Passive Hub الخامل 1048696الموزع Active Hub النشط 1048696الموزع Intelligence Hub الذكي 1048696الموزع
رف ا لألط موزع الموزعات من النوع هذا ( Passive Hubیمثل الموزع ) أالخامل
) لقدرة) یحتاج وال اإلشارة یكبر وال اتصال عقدة یمثل وهو مشترك السلكیةكهربائیة
وkاعادة تقویتها على ویعمل اإلشارة ( Active Hubیستقبل النشط ) الموزع ب الشبكة اجهزة بین اكبر بمسافات یسمح مما االشارة مقوي مثل أخرى مرة تولیدها
الفعال الموزعات من نوع الذكي Intelligence Hubهو 1048696الموزع اهمیتها حسب البیانات توزیع مثل اضافیة بوظائف یقوم
29
Hub
Passive hub Does not regenerate signals Does not strength signals Simply retransmit signals No electricity required
Active hub Regenerate strength amp retransmit the signals Usually 8 - 12 Ports Require electricity Also Called lsquoMultiport Repeatersrsquo
Intelligence hub An active hub that have some network management
capabilities
30
Repeater
It is a device that amplify amp regenerate amp retransmit the signal over the network
Allows network expansion because it can increase number of connected devices to the network
Repeaters work on the physical layer (1st layer) of the OSI model
Cannot be used with Ethernet or Token Ring Benefits for using repeaters
1 Strengthening amp amplifying signals2 Expanding networks
31
Bridge
A device that is used to connect components amp devices of the network
Work on the Data link layer (2nd) of the OSI model
Could be used to expand the size of LAN networks
Have the ability to connect different types of cables (Twisted pair ndash Coaxial - etc)
32
Router
A Router is a network device that forward packets from one network to another
It is a smart device that forwards packets based on The current traffic conditions (load line
costs bad lines etc) Internal routing tables (Intelligent )
Work on the Network layer (3nd) of the OSI model
33
Different Types of Router
1 Static Router requires from the network administrator to install the routing table manually
2 Dynamic Router Requires from the network administrator to
install the routing table manually at the beginning only
After that the routing table is updated automatically amp the router chooses the best routing path based on the routing protocol
34
Gateway
A network gateway is an internetworking system capable of joining together two networks that use different base protocols
A network gateway can be implemented depending on the types of protocols they support in Software Hardware Or a combination of both
Network gateways can operate at any level of the OSI model
Able to convert the data from one format to another and from one encoding system to another
26
Network Interface Card (NIC) Network Interface Card (NIC) is a
computer circuit board or card that is installed in a computer so that it can be connected to a network
27
The MODEM
MODEM is a device that contains group of electronic circuits amp converts analog signals into digital signal amp vice versa
Types of MODEMS Internal Part of the motherboard External Device connected to the
computer using a serial port
28
Hub
The most basic networking device that connects multiple computers or other network devices together Has no intelligence (No routing tables) Can detect collisions Hub works in the physical layer (1st layer) of the
OSI model Hub has three basic types
Passive hub Active hub Intelligence hub
- عدا المحلیة الشبكات أنواع معظم في الكمبیوتر أجهزة تتصلجهاز ) عن عبارة محوریة(( coaxial cablesوهو كوابل تستخدم التي اإلیثرنت شبكات
(hub )الشبكي الموزع یدعى وهو الشبكة أجهزة بین مركزیة وصل نقطة بدور یقومالشبكة( segmentsببعضها ) قطع ربط هي ووظیفته
الموزعات أنواع ومن Passive Hub الخامل 1048696الموزع Active Hub النشط 1048696الموزع Intelligence Hub الذكي 1048696الموزع
رف ا لألط موزع الموزعات من النوع هذا ( Passive Hubیمثل الموزع ) أالخامل
) لقدرة) یحتاج وال اإلشارة یكبر وال اتصال عقدة یمثل وهو مشترك السلكیةكهربائیة
وkاعادة تقویتها على ویعمل اإلشارة ( Active Hubیستقبل النشط ) الموزع ب الشبكة اجهزة بین اكبر بمسافات یسمح مما االشارة مقوي مثل أخرى مرة تولیدها
الفعال الموزعات من نوع الذكي Intelligence Hubهو 1048696الموزع اهمیتها حسب البیانات توزیع مثل اضافیة بوظائف یقوم
29
Hub
Passive hub Does not regenerate signals Does not strength signals Simply retransmit signals No electricity required
Active hub Regenerate strength amp retransmit the signals Usually 8 - 12 Ports Require electricity Also Called lsquoMultiport Repeatersrsquo
Intelligence hub An active hub that have some network management
capabilities
30
Repeater
It is a device that amplify amp regenerate amp retransmit the signal over the network
Allows network expansion because it can increase number of connected devices to the network
Repeaters work on the physical layer (1st layer) of the OSI model
Cannot be used with Ethernet or Token Ring Benefits for using repeaters
1 Strengthening amp amplifying signals2 Expanding networks
31
Bridge
A device that is used to connect components amp devices of the network
Work on the Data link layer (2nd) of the OSI model
Could be used to expand the size of LAN networks
Have the ability to connect different types of cables (Twisted pair ndash Coaxial - etc)
32
Router
A Router is a network device that forward packets from one network to another
It is a smart device that forwards packets based on The current traffic conditions (load line
costs bad lines etc) Internal routing tables (Intelligent )
Work on the Network layer (3nd) of the OSI model
33
Different Types of Router
1 Static Router requires from the network administrator to install the routing table manually
2 Dynamic Router Requires from the network administrator to
install the routing table manually at the beginning only
After that the routing table is updated automatically amp the router chooses the best routing path based on the routing protocol
34
Gateway
A network gateway is an internetworking system capable of joining together two networks that use different base protocols
A network gateway can be implemented depending on the types of protocols they support in Software Hardware Or a combination of both
Network gateways can operate at any level of the OSI model
Able to convert the data from one format to another and from one encoding system to another
27
The MODEM
MODEM is a device that contains group of electronic circuits amp converts analog signals into digital signal amp vice versa
Types of MODEMS Internal Part of the motherboard External Device connected to the
computer using a serial port
28
Hub
The most basic networking device that connects multiple computers or other network devices together Has no intelligence (No routing tables) Can detect collisions Hub works in the physical layer (1st layer) of the
OSI model Hub has three basic types
Passive hub Active hub Intelligence hub
- عدا المحلیة الشبكات أنواع معظم في الكمبیوتر أجهزة تتصلجهاز ) عن عبارة محوریة(( coaxial cablesوهو كوابل تستخدم التي اإلیثرنت شبكات
(hub )الشبكي الموزع یدعى وهو الشبكة أجهزة بین مركزیة وصل نقطة بدور یقومالشبكة( segmentsببعضها ) قطع ربط هي ووظیفته
الموزعات أنواع ومن Passive Hub الخامل 1048696الموزع Active Hub النشط 1048696الموزع Intelligence Hub الذكي 1048696الموزع
رف ا لألط موزع الموزعات من النوع هذا ( Passive Hubیمثل الموزع ) أالخامل
) لقدرة) یحتاج وال اإلشارة یكبر وال اتصال عقدة یمثل وهو مشترك السلكیةكهربائیة
وkاعادة تقویتها على ویعمل اإلشارة ( Active Hubیستقبل النشط ) الموزع ب الشبكة اجهزة بین اكبر بمسافات یسمح مما االشارة مقوي مثل أخرى مرة تولیدها
الفعال الموزعات من نوع الذكي Intelligence Hubهو 1048696الموزع اهمیتها حسب البیانات توزیع مثل اضافیة بوظائف یقوم
29
Hub
Passive hub Does not regenerate signals Does not strength signals Simply retransmit signals No electricity required
Active hub Regenerate strength amp retransmit the signals Usually 8 - 12 Ports Require electricity Also Called lsquoMultiport Repeatersrsquo
Intelligence hub An active hub that have some network management
capabilities
30
Repeater
It is a device that amplify amp regenerate amp retransmit the signal over the network
Allows network expansion because it can increase number of connected devices to the network
Repeaters work on the physical layer (1st layer) of the OSI model
Cannot be used with Ethernet or Token Ring Benefits for using repeaters
1 Strengthening amp amplifying signals2 Expanding networks
31
Bridge
A device that is used to connect components amp devices of the network
Work on the Data link layer (2nd) of the OSI model
Could be used to expand the size of LAN networks
Have the ability to connect different types of cables (Twisted pair ndash Coaxial - etc)
32
Router
A Router is a network device that forward packets from one network to another
It is a smart device that forwards packets based on The current traffic conditions (load line
costs bad lines etc) Internal routing tables (Intelligent )
Work on the Network layer (3nd) of the OSI model
33
Different Types of Router
1 Static Router requires from the network administrator to install the routing table manually
2 Dynamic Router Requires from the network administrator to
install the routing table manually at the beginning only
After that the routing table is updated automatically amp the router chooses the best routing path based on the routing protocol
34
Gateway
A network gateway is an internetworking system capable of joining together two networks that use different base protocols
A network gateway can be implemented depending on the types of protocols they support in Software Hardware Or a combination of both
Network gateways can operate at any level of the OSI model
Able to convert the data from one format to another and from one encoding system to another
28
Hub
The most basic networking device that connects multiple computers or other network devices together Has no intelligence (No routing tables) Can detect collisions Hub works in the physical layer (1st layer) of the
OSI model Hub has three basic types
Passive hub Active hub Intelligence hub
- عدا المحلیة الشبكات أنواع معظم في الكمبیوتر أجهزة تتصلجهاز ) عن عبارة محوریة(( coaxial cablesوهو كوابل تستخدم التي اإلیثرنت شبكات
(hub )الشبكي الموزع یدعى وهو الشبكة أجهزة بین مركزیة وصل نقطة بدور یقومالشبكة( segmentsببعضها ) قطع ربط هي ووظیفته
الموزعات أنواع ومن Passive Hub الخامل 1048696الموزع Active Hub النشط 1048696الموزع Intelligence Hub الذكي 1048696الموزع
رف ا لألط موزع الموزعات من النوع هذا ( Passive Hubیمثل الموزع ) أالخامل
) لقدرة) یحتاج وال اإلشارة یكبر وال اتصال عقدة یمثل وهو مشترك السلكیةكهربائیة
وkاعادة تقویتها على ویعمل اإلشارة ( Active Hubیستقبل النشط ) الموزع ب الشبكة اجهزة بین اكبر بمسافات یسمح مما االشارة مقوي مثل أخرى مرة تولیدها
الفعال الموزعات من نوع الذكي Intelligence Hubهو 1048696الموزع اهمیتها حسب البیانات توزیع مثل اضافیة بوظائف یقوم
29
Hub
Passive hub Does not regenerate signals Does not strength signals Simply retransmit signals No electricity required
Active hub Regenerate strength amp retransmit the signals Usually 8 - 12 Ports Require electricity Also Called lsquoMultiport Repeatersrsquo
Intelligence hub An active hub that have some network management
capabilities
30
Repeater
It is a device that amplify amp regenerate amp retransmit the signal over the network
Allows network expansion because it can increase number of connected devices to the network
Repeaters work on the physical layer (1st layer) of the OSI model
Cannot be used with Ethernet or Token Ring Benefits for using repeaters
1 Strengthening amp amplifying signals2 Expanding networks
31
Bridge
A device that is used to connect components amp devices of the network
Work on the Data link layer (2nd) of the OSI model
Could be used to expand the size of LAN networks
Have the ability to connect different types of cables (Twisted pair ndash Coaxial - etc)
32
Router
A Router is a network device that forward packets from one network to another
It is a smart device that forwards packets based on The current traffic conditions (load line
costs bad lines etc) Internal routing tables (Intelligent )
Work on the Network layer (3nd) of the OSI model
33
Different Types of Router
1 Static Router requires from the network administrator to install the routing table manually
2 Dynamic Router Requires from the network administrator to
install the routing table manually at the beginning only
After that the routing table is updated automatically amp the router chooses the best routing path based on the routing protocol
34
Gateway
A network gateway is an internetworking system capable of joining together two networks that use different base protocols
A network gateway can be implemented depending on the types of protocols they support in Software Hardware Or a combination of both
Network gateways can operate at any level of the OSI model
Able to convert the data from one format to another and from one encoding system to another
29
Hub
Passive hub Does not regenerate signals Does not strength signals Simply retransmit signals No electricity required
Active hub Regenerate strength amp retransmit the signals Usually 8 - 12 Ports Require electricity Also Called lsquoMultiport Repeatersrsquo
Intelligence hub An active hub that have some network management
capabilities
30
Repeater
It is a device that amplify amp regenerate amp retransmit the signal over the network
Allows network expansion because it can increase number of connected devices to the network
Repeaters work on the physical layer (1st layer) of the OSI model
Cannot be used with Ethernet or Token Ring Benefits for using repeaters
1 Strengthening amp amplifying signals2 Expanding networks
31
Bridge
A device that is used to connect components amp devices of the network
Work on the Data link layer (2nd) of the OSI model
Could be used to expand the size of LAN networks
Have the ability to connect different types of cables (Twisted pair ndash Coaxial - etc)
32
Router
A Router is a network device that forward packets from one network to another
It is a smart device that forwards packets based on The current traffic conditions (load line
costs bad lines etc) Internal routing tables (Intelligent )
Work on the Network layer (3nd) of the OSI model
33
Different Types of Router
1 Static Router requires from the network administrator to install the routing table manually
2 Dynamic Router Requires from the network administrator to
install the routing table manually at the beginning only
After that the routing table is updated automatically amp the router chooses the best routing path based on the routing protocol
34
Gateway
A network gateway is an internetworking system capable of joining together two networks that use different base protocols
A network gateway can be implemented depending on the types of protocols they support in Software Hardware Or a combination of both
Network gateways can operate at any level of the OSI model
Able to convert the data from one format to another and from one encoding system to another
30
Repeater
It is a device that amplify amp regenerate amp retransmit the signal over the network
Allows network expansion because it can increase number of connected devices to the network
Repeaters work on the physical layer (1st layer) of the OSI model
Cannot be used with Ethernet or Token Ring Benefits for using repeaters
1 Strengthening amp amplifying signals2 Expanding networks
31
Bridge
A device that is used to connect components amp devices of the network
Work on the Data link layer (2nd) of the OSI model
Could be used to expand the size of LAN networks
Have the ability to connect different types of cables (Twisted pair ndash Coaxial - etc)
32
Router
A Router is a network device that forward packets from one network to another
It is a smart device that forwards packets based on The current traffic conditions (load line
costs bad lines etc) Internal routing tables (Intelligent )
Work on the Network layer (3nd) of the OSI model
33
Different Types of Router
1 Static Router requires from the network administrator to install the routing table manually
2 Dynamic Router Requires from the network administrator to
install the routing table manually at the beginning only
After that the routing table is updated automatically amp the router chooses the best routing path based on the routing protocol
34
Gateway
A network gateway is an internetworking system capable of joining together two networks that use different base protocols
A network gateway can be implemented depending on the types of protocols they support in Software Hardware Or a combination of both
Network gateways can operate at any level of the OSI model
Able to convert the data from one format to another and from one encoding system to another
31
Bridge
A device that is used to connect components amp devices of the network
Work on the Data link layer (2nd) of the OSI model
Could be used to expand the size of LAN networks
Have the ability to connect different types of cables (Twisted pair ndash Coaxial - etc)
32
Router
A Router is a network device that forward packets from one network to another
It is a smart device that forwards packets based on The current traffic conditions (load line
costs bad lines etc) Internal routing tables (Intelligent )
Work on the Network layer (3nd) of the OSI model
33
Different Types of Router
1 Static Router requires from the network administrator to install the routing table manually
2 Dynamic Router Requires from the network administrator to
install the routing table manually at the beginning only
After that the routing table is updated automatically amp the router chooses the best routing path based on the routing protocol
34
Gateway
A network gateway is an internetworking system capable of joining together two networks that use different base protocols
A network gateway can be implemented depending on the types of protocols they support in Software Hardware Or a combination of both
Network gateways can operate at any level of the OSI model
Able to convert the data from one format to another and from one encoding system to another
32
Router
A Router is a network device that forward packets from one network to another
It is a smart device that forwards packets based on The current traffic conditions (load line
costs bad lines etc) Internal routing tables (Intelligent )
Work on the Network layer (3nd) of the OSI model
33
Different Types of Router
1 Static Router requires from the network administrator to install the routing table manually
2 Dynamic Router Requires from the network administrator to
install the routing table manually at the beginning only
After that the routing table is updated automatically amp the router chooses the best routing path based on the routing protocol
34
Gateway
A network gateway is an internetworking system capable of joining together two networks that use different base protocols
A network gateway can be implemented depending on the types of protocols they support in Software Hardware Or a combination of both
Network gateways can operate at any level of the OSI model
Able to convert the data from one format to another and from one encoding system to another
33
Different Types of Router
1 Static Router requires from the network administrator to install the routing table manually
2 Dynamic Router Requires from the network administrator to
install the routing table manually at the beginning only
After that the routing table is updated automatically amp the router chooses the best routing path based on the routing protocol
34
Gateway
A network gateway is an internetworking system capable of joining together two networks that use different base protocols
A network gateway can be implemented depending on the types of protocols they support in Software Hardware Or a combination of both
Network gateways can operate at any level of the OSI model
Able to convert the data from one format to another and from one encoding system to another
34
Gateway
A network gateway is an internetworking system capable of joining together two networks that use different base protocols
A network gateway can be implemented depending on the types of protocols they support in Software Hardware Or a combination of both
Network gateways can operate at any level of the OSI model
Able to convert the data from one format to another and from one encoding system to another
