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What is Ecology??What is Ecology??What is Ecology??What is Ecology??
•The The study of interactionsstudy of interactions that take place that take place between between organisms and their organisms and their environmentenvironment..
• It It explainsexplains how living how living organisms organisms affectaffect each other each other and the world they live in.and the world they live in.
•The The study of interactionsstudy of interactions that take place that take place between between organisms and their organisms and their environmentenvironment..
• It It explainsexplains how living how living organisms organisms affectaffect each other each other and the world they live in.and the world they live in.
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Habitat & NicheHabitat & NicheHabitat & NicheHabitat & Niche•HabitatHabitat is the is the place a plant place a plant or animal livesor animal lives
•NicheNiche is an is an organism’s organism’s total way of total way of lifelife
•HabitatHabitat is the is the place a plant place a plant or animal livesor animal lives
•NicheNiche is an is an organism’s organism’s total way of total way of lifelife
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The Nonliving The Nonliving EnvironmentEnvironmentThe Nonliving The Nonliving EnvironmentEnvironment
• Abiotic factorsAbiotic factors- the - the nonliving parts of an nonliving parts of an organism’s organism’s environment.environment.
• Examples Examples include air include air currents, temperature, currents, temperature, moisture, light, and soil.moisture, light, and soil.
• Abiotic factors Abiotic factors affect an affect an organism’s life.organism’s life.
• Abiotic factorsAbiotic factors- the - the nonliving parts of an nonliving parts of an organism’s organism’s environment.environment.
• Examples Examples include air include air currents, temperature, currents, temperature, moisture, light, and soil.moisture, light, and soil.
• Abiotic factors Abiotic factors affect an affect an organism’s life.organism’s life.
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Abiotic FactorsAbiotic Factors
include air, water, soil, include air, water, soil, temperature, wind, source of temperature, wind, source of
energy (usually sun)energy (usually sun)
include air, water, soil, include air, water, soil, temperature, wind, source of temperature, wind, source of
energy (usually sun)energy (usually sun)
AA
a, ana, an (G) prefix not, without(G) prefix not, withouta, ana, an (G) prefix not, without(G) prefix not, without
aatoxictoxicaatoxictoxicaamoralmoralaamoralmoralaabioticbioticaabioticbioticaamusiamusiaaamusiamusia
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The Living EnvironmentThe Living EnvironmentThe Living EnvironmentThe Living Environment
•Biotic factorsBiotic factors- all the - all the living organisms that living organisms that inhabit an inhabit an environment.environment.
•All All organisms depend organisms depend on others directly or on others directly or indirectlyindirectly for food, for food, shelter, reproduction, shelter, reproduction, or protection.or protection.
•Biotic factorsBiotic factors- all the - all the living organisms that living organisms that inhabit an inhabit an environment.environment.
•All All organisms depend organisms depend on others directly or on others directly or indirectlyindirectly for food, for food, shelter, reproduction, shelter, reproduction, or protection.or protection.
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Biotic FactorsBiotic FactorsBioBio
bio(s), bio(t)bio(s), bio(t) (G) root (G) root lifelife
bio(s), bio(t)bio(s), bio(t) (G) root (G) root lifelife
include plants, animals, fungi, include plants, animals, fungi, microorganismsmicroorganisms
include plants, animals, fungi, include plants, animals, fungi, microorganismsmicroorganisms
biobiologylogybiobiostatisticsstatisticsbiobiographgraphyy
biobiotechnolotechnologygy
biobiospherespherebiobiomechanicsmechanicsbiotbioticicbiobiofeedbafeedbackck
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interact with interact with each other in each other in complex wayscomplex ways
interact with interact with each other in each other in complex wayscomplex ways
Biotic FactorsBiotic Factors
also interact also interact with abiotic with abiotic
factors in the factors in the ecosystemecosystem
also interact also interact with abiotic with abiotic
factors in the factors in the ecosystemecosystem
parasitism parasitism mutualism mutualism
competitioncompetition
parasitism parasitism mutualism mutualism
competitioncompetition
dependent upon dependent upon water, minerals, water, minerals,
temperature, temperature, lightlight
dependent upon dependent upon water, minerals, water, minerals,
temperature, temperature, lightlight
such assuch as
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Levels of OrganizationLevels of OrganizationLevels of OrganizationLevels of Organization• EcologistsEcologists have organized have organized
the interactions an organism the interactions an organism takes part in takes part in different levels different levels according to complexityaccording to complexity..
• EcologistsEcologists have organized have organized the interactions an organism the interactions an organism takes part in takes part in different levels different levels according to complexityaccording to complexity..
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11stst Level of Organization Level of Organization11stst Level of Organization Level of Organization•Organism:Organism:
An individual An individual living thing that living thing that is made of is made of cells, cells, uses energy, uses energy, reproduces, reproduces, responds, responds, grows, and grows, and developsdevelops
•Organism:Organism:An individual An individual living thing that living thing that is made of is made of cells, cells, uses energy, uses energy, reproduces, reproduces, responds, responds, grows, and grows, and developsdevelops
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22ndnd Level of Organization Level of Organization22ndnd Level of Organization Level of Organization•Population:Population:
A group of A group of organisms, all organisms, all of the of the same same speciesspecies, which , which interbreedinterbreed and live in the and live in the same place at same place at the same the same timetime..
•Population:Population:A group of A group of organisms, all organisms, all of the of the same same speciesspecies, which , which interbreedinterbreed and live in the and live in the same place at same place at the same the same timetime..
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33rdrd Level of Organization Level of Organization33rdrd Level of Organization Level of Organization
•Community:Community:All the All the populations populations of different of different speciesspecies that that live in the live in the same place at same place at the same the same time.time.
•Community:Community:All the All the populations populations of different of different speciesspecies that that live in the live in the same place at same place at the same the same time.time.
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44thth Level of Organization Level of Organization44thth Level of Organization Level of Organization•Ecosystem:Ecosystem:
Populations of Populations of plants and animals plants and animals that interact with that interact with each other in a each other in a given area with given area with the abiotic the abiotic components of components of that area. that area. (terrestrial or (terrestrial or aquatic)aquatic)
•Ecosystem:Ecosystem: Populations of Populations of plants and animals plants and animals that interact with that interact with each other in a each other in a given area with given area with the abiotic the abiotic components of components of that area. that area. (terrestrial or (terrestrial or aquatic)aquatic)
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do not necessarily have clear do not necessarily have clear boundaries due to boundaries due to bioticbiotic and and abioticabiotic
changeschanges
do not necessarily have clear do not necessarily have clear boundaries due to boundaries due to bioticbiotic and and abioticabiotic
changeschanges
EcosystemsEcosystems
BioticBioticBioticBiotic AbioticAbioticAbioticAbiotic
migration, seed migration, seed dispersal dispersal
migration, seed migration, seed dispersal dispersal
flood, erosion, flood, erosion, droughtdrought
flood, erosion, flood, erosion, droughtdrought
can change daily as things move can change daily as things move from one ecosystem to anotherfrom one ecosystem to another
can change daily as things move can change daily as things move from one ecosystem to anotherfrom one ecosystem to another
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55thth Level of Organization Level of Organization55thth Level of Organization Level of Organization
•Biome:Biome:a major regional a major regional or global biotic or global biotic community, a community, a super super ecosystemecosystem, , defined chiefly defined chiefly by the dominant by the dominant forms of plant forms of plant life and the life and the prevailing prevailing climateclimate
•Biome:Biome:a major regional a major regional or global biotic or global biotic community, a community, a super super ecosystemecosystem, , defined chiefly defined chiefly by the dominant by the dominant forms of plant forms of plant life and the life and the prevailing prevailing climateclimate
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What level of What level of organization?organization?What level of What level of organization?organization?
OrganismOrganism
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What level of What level of Organization?Organization?What level of What level of Organization?Organization?
CommunityCommunity
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What level of What level of Organization?Organization?What level of What level of Organization?Organization?
PopulationPopulation
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Levels of OrganizationLevels of Organizationsmallest smallest unit of unit of living living thingsthings
smallest smallest unit of unit of living living thingsthings
group of group of similar cells similar cells organized organized to work to work togethertogether
group of group of similar cells similar cells organized organized to work to work togethertogether
group of group of different different kinds of kinds of tissues tissues working working togethertogether
group of group of different different kinds of kinds of tissues tissues working working togethertogether
group of group of organs organs working working togethertogether
group of group of organs organs working working togethertogether
one one individual individual
living thingliving thing
one one individual individual
living thingliving thing
all all organisms organisms
of the same of the same kind living kind living in one areain one area
all all organisms organisms
of the same of the same kind living kind living in one areain one area
all all interacting interacting populations populations
in an in an ecosystem ecosystem
all all interacting interacting populations populations
in an in an ecosystem ecosystem
all living all living and and
nonliving nonliving things things
interacting interacting within a within a
certain area certain area
all living all living and and
nonliving nonliving things things
interacting interacting within a within a
certain area certain area
large region large region with typical with typical plants and plants and
animals animals that that
includes includes several several
ecosystems ecosystems
large region large region with typical with typical plants and plants and
animals animals that that
includes includes several several
ecosystems ecosystems
cell