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12c DBA Beginners SeriesOracle Database in the Cloud

VitalSoftTech.com Copyright 2014

By Natik Ameen

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My Introduction

Production DBA 15+ years RAC, Exadata & GoldenGate OCP 8 thru 11g OCE RAC Free Articles at

www.vitalsofttech.com/articles/

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Free DBA Training Series

Evolution of Databases 12c Features What does multitenacy offer? Multitenant Architecture Getting Started Basic Administration

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Free DBA Training Series

Security Backup and Recovery Views Upgrade

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Evolution of Databases

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History of Oracle

7, 8i, 9i, 10g,11g and 12c i=internet g=grid c=cloud

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DB Growth

DB Size in MB’s Then Gigabytes Then Terabytes Now Petabytes and growing … DB Sizes doubled in last 2 years

alone!

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Hardware

CPU’s Disk Speed Networks

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Database Progression

RDBMS Licensed Open Source

SQL NoSQL Reduce/Mapped

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12cConsolidation, Flexibility & ROI

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12c

Mutlitenancy Plug-in, Plug-out In-memory Cloning

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Why Oracle added Multitenancy feature?

Consolidation, Flexibility & ROI

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Challenges

Many servers Dedicated resources Long provisioning time Data Segregation requirements Large Databases Size Costly

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Definition of Multitenancy

More than …

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Consolidation

Database consolidation vs Server consolidation

Reduced resource usage Separation of User Data Fewer servers

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Flexibility

Easier, faster DB deployments Fast Cloning for Dev/QA Quick patching and upgrades Separation of duties

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High ROI

Hardware, Software Cost Reduction Fewer support hours

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Basics of Multitenancy

How are container DB’sdifferent from non-container DB’s?

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Multitenant Architecture

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Components

CDB Instance CDB$ROOT Container PDB$SEED PDBs

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CDB Instance

Consolidation at Database Level Share SGA with other PDBs Share Background processes

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CDB Shared Resources

SGA Buffer Cache Log buffer Cache Shared Pool

Redo Logs SYSTEM, SYSAUX & UNDO DBWR, LGWR, ARCH background

processes

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CDB$ROOT Database

System Data Dictionary One root Plugin a PDB Holds common users CDB Resource Plan Upto 252 PDB’s

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PDB Local Data Dictionary Metadata link (Data

Dictionary Pointer) Object Link (Data link) Local Users Common Users SYSTEM & SYSAUX

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PDB$SEED

PDB Template Rapid DB creation SYSTEM,

SYSAUX,TEMP Common User

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Getting StartedCreate CDB and PDB’s

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Create CDB Container

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Create PDB Databases using PDB$SEED

Connect to CDB as sysdba No need to create and initialize

instance Copies datafiles and creates service Very fast

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Basic AdministrationConnect, Start and shutdown CDB and PDBs

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Connecting to CDB's

Export ORACLE_SID – CDB Instance name

Connect normally using sqlplust p://www.vitalsofttech.com/managing-oracle-12c-pdbs-and-cdbs-getting-started/

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Connecting to a PDB's

Export CDB ORACLE_SID Instance name always CDB instance PDB created has own Service name Connect using Service Name

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Connecting to PDB- Use Service Name

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Connecting to a PDB - Switch from CDB

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Starting up a CDB

Export ORACLE_SID – CDB Instance name

Connect Normally using sqlplus Run STARTUP

racle-12c-pdbs-and-cdbs-getting-started/

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Opening a PDB

Not automatically started Even if CDB is up

PDBs in-accessible. In MOUNT mode

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Opening a PDB

Open all pluggable databases

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Closing a PDB

Closing all pluggable databases

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Shutdown a CDB

Shutdown in normal way All PDB’s shut down automatically

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Plug-in and unplug PDB

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SecurityIs my PDB Really Secure?

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Common Users

Users created in the CDB User name will always start with

C##

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Common Roles

Works the same way as users Roles created in the CDB Role names will always start with

C##

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Privileges to Common Users

Common users need Privs to connect to each container

Grant Privs to a user cascade Privs across all PDBs

Exception is SEED database

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Local Users

Created inside a specific PDB database Cannot connect to other PDB’s or CDB C## in name not required/allowed?

■ Cannot connect to CDB as users are local to PDB only

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Local Users

Follows same convention as local users Can only be created in PDBs Limited to container where created

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Local Privileges

Can be granted to local or Common users

Below privilege granted in PDB, not cascaded to CDB

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Backup and RecoveryNow, do I have to learn how to backup the Database?

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Backup of CDB/PDB’s Connect to the CDB Same as a non-container backup One command backs up CDB and

ALL PDBsrman target /Recovery Manager: Release 12.1.0.1.0 Production on Thu Sep 5 13:13:23 2013…… RMAN> backup database;Starting backup at 05-SEP-13….….

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Backup of Only CDB or Root

Connect to the CDB

RMAN> backup database root;Starting backup at 05-SEP-13….….

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Backup of Single PDB Connect to CDB use pluggable database

■ Connect to PDB and run backup or

RMAN> backup database;Starting backup at 05-SEP-13….

RMAN> backup pluggable database pdb12c;

Starting backup at 05-SEP-13….

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Backup of Archive Logs Archive logs can ONLY be backed while connected to CDB Connect to the CDB

RMAN> BACKUP DATABASE PLUSARCHIVE LOG;

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Flashback for a CDB All databases attached can be flashed back Except past the previous SCN Recovery time of the database Work around is to offline the datafiles

ORA-39866: Data files for pluggable database must be offline to flashback across a PDB point-in-time recovery

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Flashback for a CDB

Connect to CDB Flashback the CDB and ALL PDB’s to

same point in time

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Views

Where do I connect to look at DB info? CDB or PDB?

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CDB_xxx and DBA_xxx views

New Views start with CDB_* Only visible when connected to CDB

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CDB Specific Views V$ views GV$ views CDB_ views DBA_HIST*

views

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CDB Specific ViewsCON_ID References

0 Entire CDB1 Root2 SEED

3-254 PDB's

Is this a CDB? select CDB from V$DATABASE;

Container List >select NAME, CON_ID, DBID, CON_UID, GUID from V$CONTAINERS order by CON_ID;

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PDB Specific Views Container History

select DB_NAME, CON_ID, PDB_NAME, OPERATION, OP_TIMESTAMP, CLONED_FROM_PDB_NAME from CDB_PDB_HISTORY where CON_ID > 2 order by CON_ID;

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UPGRADE

Ready to upgrade?

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Direct Upgrade Supported or not?

Source Release

Source Patch Set

Direct Upgrade Support?

11gr2 11.2.0.2 and later

Yes

11.2.0.1 No

11gr1 11.1.0.7 Yes

11.1.0.6 No

10g 10.2.0.5 Yes

10.2.0.4 and earlier

No.

9i and earlier All No

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Plan Stability

SQL Plan Management Base Evolve Plans Don’t forget to test in non-production

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Using DBUA

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Manual Upgrade

Install 12c Oracle binaries

Run catupgrd.sql

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