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U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey

MODIS Direct BroadcastReception and Processing

at theUSGS Center for Earth Resources Observations and Science (EROS)

Karen Zanter, USGS

October 3, 2005

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Agenda

EROS Mission

AmericaView Program

Ground Station Overview

Processing FlowData Capture

Archive

Distribution

Products

Applications

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EROS Mission Statement

Science: To promote and conduct applications, users, and knowledge of land information to better understand our planet

Data Access: To ensure that scientists, researchers, businesses, decision makers, and the public have ready access to land information

Data Archives: To safeguard and expand the national archive of remotely sensed land data

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EROS Facility in Sioux Falls, SD

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AmericaView Mission Statement

“AmericaView is a locally controlled and nationally coordinated program…

… to advance the availability, timely distribution, and widespread use of remote sensing data and technology…

…through education, research, outreach, and sustainable technology transfer to the public and private sectors.”

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AmericaView Components

AmericaView, Inc. – National Consortium for Remote Sensing Education, Research, and Geospatial Applications

http://www.americaview.org

USGS AmericaView Project at EROS Data Center (included in the Land Remote Sensing Program)

http://americaview.usgs.gov

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AmericaView Membership Status

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EROS MODIS DB Ground Station

AmericaView Program funded the creation of an EROS ground station capable of receiving the real-time MODIS data

Began processing and data distribution in July 2002

Two to four images of MODIS DB data are acquired daily

E-mail notifications of each acquisition are automatically sent to registered users

Available for download 2 hours after reception

Coverage of conterminous U.S. and parts of Canada and Mexico

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EDC MODIS DB Users

Approximately 410 registered users YTD

AmericaView/StateView Consortiums

Non-AmericaView Universities, Individual Students

Government

Industry

Foreign

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EROS Ground Station Antennas

10m DatronUp to Three Simultaneous X-Band Data Downlink Channels (Image Data Reception)

S-Band TT&C Equipped

5.4m ViaSatUp to Two Simultaneous X-Band Data Downlink Channels (Image Data Reception)

Support for Three X-Band Data Downlink Channels

S-Band TT&C Capability

3m ViaSatUsed to Support AVHRR Data Reception

DCPF Provides Advisory Support and Maintenance

10m and 5.4m Antennas Serve as Back-Up to Each Other as Schedules Permit

10M Antenna

5.4M Antenna

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EROS Acquisition Circle

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MODIS DB Processing Flow

CTS

MODIS Processing System

MODISDB.usgs.gov

Raw

L0/L1/L2/L3

AmericaViewcustomer

Linux

Linux

Seamless

Sun/W2K

HTTPpull

L0/L1/L2/L3 cache

1.6 TB RAID

Prod. Svcs. SiloMODIS raw

Working copy

Raw

Offline and offsitearchive copies

L2G/L3/state

compositesProducts

Composites

Seamlessbrowse and

deliveryLinux

DDS

MWDSub-system

Linux

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Data Capture System (DCS)

Captures X-band Image Data in a Raw Computer Compatible (RCC) Format

Utilized by Multiple EROS MissionsCurrently used for Landsat 5, Landsat 7, MODIS Direct Broadcast

Capable of Capturing a Wide Variety of Image Data

Also ingest Landsat Data via Tape or Network from International Ground Stations

ASN (Alice Springs, Australia)

Gilmore Creek / University of Alaska Fairbanks

PF1 (Poker Flat, Alaska)

DELL Commodity LINUX Servers Hosting Myriad/Mercury Computer Dual-Channel Capture Cards with USGS Device Driver and Application

Sends Data to Processing & Archive Systems

Realtime Moving Window Display Capability

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Nearline Archive

Implemented Capability for Nearline Archive

Automatic Population of MODIS Level 0 Data after Reception

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DistributionData can be downloaded at no cost from retrieval site:

http://modisdb.usgs.gov/modisdata/Retrieval site holds the most recent five days of dataRegistration is necessary to access the siteData files are compressed (lossless)

State-based compositesBased on the US composite48 conterminous US states, as well as the District of Columbia, and state composite can be clipped on demand by user’s request.State composites are built using the 500m composite products Users can select any and/or all of bands 1-7 and the NDVI bandThe state composite products can be obtained at no cost at: http://modisdb.usgs.gov/modisdata/state_comp_product.php

Seamless Data Distribution site at:http://seamless.usgs.gov/Daily United States Composite (only)

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Web Site

http://http://modisdb.usgs.govmodisdb.usgs.gov

MODIS Direct Broadcast provides the most recent 5 days of MODIS Aqua and Terra data and composites of the conterminous United States.

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MODIS DB Products

L1B (HDF format) 250m product contains bands 1 and 2 at their native 250m resolution

500m product contains bands 3 through 7 at their native 500m resolution, along with bands 1 and 2 aggregated to 500m

1000m product contains bands 8 through 36 at their native 1000m resolution, along with bands 1-7 aggregated to 1000m

L2R (HDF format)Estimates of the true land surface reflectances for the 250m and 500m bands, corrected for atmospheric scattering and absorption. Current and forecast ozone and atmospheric data are used in these corrections

L3V (HDF format)Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) products for the 250m and 500m bands, using the surface reflectance products as input

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MODIS DB Products (cont.)

L2G (HDF and GeoTIFF format)L1B products that have been gridded (projected) to the Lambert Azimuthal equal-area projection and corrected for over-sampling at off-nadir view angles (bow-tie effect)

L2RG (HDF and GeoTIFF format)L2R products that have been gridded (projected) to the Lambert Azimuthal equal-area projection and corrected for over-sampling at off-nadir view angles (bow-tie effect)

L3VG (HDF and GeoTIFF format)L3V products that have been gridded (projected) to the Lambert Azimuthal equal-area projection and corrected for over-sampling at off-nadir view angles (bow-tie effect)

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MODIS DB Products (cont.)Rolling seven-day composites (GeoTIFF format)

L2R data

7-day period using Aqua acquisitions

The highest NDVI value for each pixel in the composite is then determined from the group of L2R products

The composite products are available in 250m, 500m, and 1000m resolutions

Caveat: Certain pixels are being repeated in the seven-day composites, creating artifacts

Appears only in areas of high terrain (e.g. Rocky Mountains)

Most obvious when using pixels far from nadir

Plans to addressInstall the new L1 processing software, which contains SRTM DEMs

Reassess the terrain correction using the new L1 software

Revise existing composite algorithm to include distance from nadir

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Seamless Data Distribution

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Select Area of Interest and Download

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III. Dissemination to Drought DSS

Weekly Products (Monday a.m.)•VegDRI•VegDRI difference•VegDRI with US drought vectors•VegDRI difference with US Drought vectors

Incorporate VegDRI into USDM

I. MODIS DB NDVI Processing System

2004 Weekly AVHRR NDVI DB

2005

1989

WeeklyMODIS

NDVI DB

2008 …>

Determine

calibration

MODIS DBS

II. VegDRI Modeling System

VegDRIModels

AVHRR & MODIS NDVI

•Smoothing•Metrics

(PASG, SOS Anomaly)

Satellite RS

•Ecoregions•Land cover•Soils•Irrigated Ag

Biophysical Data

•SPI•PDSI

ClimateData

Weekly Real-Time

ModelImplementation

Point DB for Model

Generation /CART

Drought Monitoring

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Near-RT Drought Monitoring Support

In FY06, NASA and USGS collaborative project to expand operational use of MODIS VI data in Drought Decision Support

MODIS DB to supply U.S. MODIS VI data into VegDRI modeling subsystem

Timely delivery of VI data versus standard MODIS products

Flexibility of composite period (rolling 7-day vs. fixed 16-day)

In the next three years, this system will expand from current 7-state area to 48 states

automate calculation and delivery of VegDRI

Operational use of products in the construction of the U.S. Drought Monitor

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Evolution of Fire Science Approach

Current NDVIFrom AVHRR

Departure from Average

NDVI~AVHRR

Time Series1989-present

- =AVHRRWeekly

Average NDVI

Transform AVHRRTo MODIS

MODIS DBTime Series2003-present

Include

New Development

Current NDVIFrom MODIS DB

- =Departure from

AverageNDVI

Create Long Term Continuity

Weekly Average NDVIDerived from AVHRR

and MODIS

Current Fire Danger Scenario

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Improved Fire Danger Monitoring

Greater temporal and spatial resolution (250m) of vegetation condition information

Use of MODIS DB enhances capability to integrate daily vegetation updates with daily weather data

Extends the Decision Support Systems beyond the AVHRR era

New or improved fire danger forecasting algorithms

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Long-Term Relevance to USGS/EROS

An important component for Terrestrial Monitoring, enabling multi-resolution (1000m, 500m, 250m)

Long term continuity of wide field of view sensor data products with high temporal resolution to complement moderate spatial resolution Landsat data continuity

Continue to develop the institutional knowledge base for developing new products, new uses, and new users

Leverage funding opportunities, cross-project requirements, and strengths in science, engineering, and operations for timely delivery of relevant information for decision support

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Contact Information

Karen Zanter

AmericaView Project Chief

USGS Center for EROS

Voice: (605) 594-6945

E-mail: kzanter@usgs.gov