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Unit 11-Transport/Circulation

How substances travel in the body

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What is “Transport”?

• Definition:- the absorption and circulation of materials throughout an organism

- includes moving salts, nutrients, water (blood acts as the bus) to cells

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ABSORPTION

• Absorption: how materials enter/exit the cells of your body (soak up like a sponge)

• Materials enter/exit cell through cell membrane that is semi-permeable (only certain sized materials fit through it)

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Two Types of ABSORPTION

1) Passive Transport- materials move from high concentration to low concentration without energya) diffusion- materials move from high [C] to low [C] Ex. Food coloring in cup

b) osmosis-water moving across membrane from high to lowEx. Cup O’ Noodle Soup

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Diffusion Demo

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OSMOSIS1) Isotonic solution- water and cell have same

concentration (equilibrium)

2) Hypotonic solution- higher concentration in cell than water

(greater conc. in cell so water moves in)

3) Hypertonic solution- high concentration in water than cell

(greater conc. outside cell so water moves out of cell)

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OSMOSIS

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Two Types of ABSORPTION

2) Active Transport - energy is used to move materials in or out the cell

Ex. Pull food particles into cell

- cell membrane becomes rigid and strong; uses energy to expand

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CIRCULATION

Definition:- flow of materials throughout an organism- typically refers to “blood” moving these materials around- blood is made in bone marrow (middle of bones)

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Four Parts of Blood

1) Plasma- liquid part of blood- all materials float in the plasma- watery part of blood

2) Red blood cells

- small in size; no nucleus

- carry O2 in its hemoglobin (iron-rich part of blood that holds oxygen)

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Four Parts of Blood

3) White blood cells

- large in size; have a nucleus

- fight infection in the body

4) Platelets

- smallest blood cells

- clot to form scabs and stop bleeding

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Blood Part Pictures

RBC

Plasma

WBC

Platelets

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Blood Vessels (tubes that transport blood)

1) Arteries - carry blood away from heart; very thick; contain O2 rich blood

2) Veins - carry blood to heart; very thin; contain O2 poor blood

3) Capillaries - small in size; connect arteries and veins; site of material exchange by way of diffusion!

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Blood Vessels*Remember! Your blood is NOT blue! The color blue is only used to show lack of oxygen!

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The HEART

Facts:# of chambers: 4Top chambers called: atriaBottom chambers called: ventriclesDivider between left and right side: septum

Left side of heart: O2 rich

Right side of heart: O2 poor

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The Heart

Part

Vena Cava

Right Atrium

Right Ventricle

FunctionLargest vein in body;

carries O2 poor blood to heart

Receives low oxygen blood from vena cava

Pushes low oxygen blood to the lungs

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The Heart

Part

Pulmonary artery

Pulmonary vein

Left atrium

Function

Takes O2 low blood away from heart to lungs

Brings O2 rich blood to the heart from lungs

Receives O2 rich from pulmonary vein

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The Heart

Part

Left ventricle

Aorta

Valves

Function

Sends O2 rich blood up to aorta

Largest artery; carries O2 blood out of heart to rest of body

Regulate the flow of blood; prevents backflow of blood

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Heart DiagramVena Cava

Vena Cava

Right Ventricle

Valve

Right Atrium

Aorta

Pulmonary Artery

Pulmonary Vein

Left Atrium

Left Ventricle

Septum

(from brain)

(from lower body)

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Disruptions of Homeostasis in the Circulatory System

1) High blood pressure (Hypertension)- increase in pressure of walls of arteries- affected by: diet, stress, genetics, smoking/drugs

2) Heart Attack- death of a portion of the heart muscle- caused by: diet, overexertion, drugs/smoking, stress

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Disruptions of Homeostasis in the Circulatory System

3) Stroke- blood clot to the brain that blocks the flow of blood

4) Leukemia- form of cancer where too many WBC’s are made

5) Anemia- low red blood cells; low oxygen

6) Sickle-cell anemia- red blood cells are crescent shaped, blocking blood flow

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Disruptions of Homeostasis in the Circulatory System

7) Artherioscoiosis- thickening or hardening of the arteries caused by fat buildup on the walls of the arteries; can lead to heart attack

8) AIDS- virus that invades, attacks, and destroys white blood cells so body can’t fight infection

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Homeostasis Disruption Pictures

Leukemia

-notice all the white blood cells

Sickle Cell Anemia

-on the right, normal blood cell

-on the left, sickle cell