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TTM4142 Networked Multimedia Systems

Multimedia Learning

Panels are based on Chapter 8 of ’Multimedia Applications’ by R Steinmetz and C Nahrstedt

Leif Arne Rønningen

Autumn 2008

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Idealized learning and teaching process

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Multimedia Learning Software can facilitate learning in several ways

• Multicodality– How information is coded

– Video, image, text,,,,,,

• Multimodality– Which senses activated

• Dynamics– Discrete medium

• Still image, text

– Continuous medium• Video, animated graphics

• Interactivity

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Role of Computer as

• Learning object – learning the computer’s technology

• Learning tool – make drawings, make pp, write text

• Learning medium – teaching functions, present info, motivate, control activity and achievements

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Learning Software Programs

• Drill and tutorial programs– Review-exercises and practical applicaiton

• Test software– Test knowledge, e.g., by multiple-shoice

• Tutorial systems – Computer-based training (CBT)– Complete learning system

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Learning Environments

• Animations and simulations

• Problem-solving environments– Action strategies, reasoning, decisions

• Learning games and edutainment

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Learning Theories

• Behaviorism– Classical conditioning, stimulus (input) –> observable behavior (output) unaware of the

cognitive process (Pavlov)– Operant behavior (Skinner)

• Cognitivism– Input – brain cognitive processing – output (Piaget)– Learning programs act as tutors

• Constructivism– Individual construction from experience, of the perspective of the world, – Simulations– Micro Worlds

Table (next slide), Comparison of the three learning theories

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Trends and Current Developments

• Focus on the learners and the learning

• Cooperation with other learners, tutors, teachers and experts

• Flexible and long-life learning

• Learning methods, media preparation of the learning content

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Learning with Hypermedia

• WWW– Hypermedia documents with links, individual choice

– Browsing, individual choice

– Learner is active

– Motivating, increased learning

– Fun, but no learning, overstimulation

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Adaptive Learning Systems• Adapt to user differences, skills, knowledge and preferences,

uses results from artificial intelligence

• Intelligent Tutorial Systems – ITS

– Learner behavior model

– Guide the learner through learning towards a goal

– Didactic component decides teaching principles

• Adaptive Hypermedia Systems – AHS

– Model about objectives, desires and preferences, adapts to the user

– Adaptive hypermedia explorative tools

– May include ITS functions, but is applicable to other than learning

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Intelligent Tutorial Systems - ITS

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Adaptive Hypermedia Systems - AHS

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Other

• Telelearning - learning over a distance (network)

• Computer-supported Cooperative Learning – Learning software, interactivity, limited navigation, not much feedback to

user

– Could be used with videoconferencing or e-mail

– Networked or local

– Individual or group

• eLearning standards– Several organisations

– The meta-data scheme LOM – Learning Object Metadata, XML-based

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Cooperative Learning

• Discuss the pros and cons of the three learning theories, Behaviorism, Cognitivism and Constructivism. What about applying a combination?

• What type of learning system is the ’Thora simulator’?