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Federal Highway Administration
Truck Pavement Interaction
1
Truck-Pavement Interaction Truck-Pavement Interaction Research ProgramResearch Program
Tire StudyTire StudyInternational Workshop on the Use of International Workshop on the Use of
Widebase TiresWidebase Tires
October 25-26, 2007October 25-26, 2007FHWA TFHRCFHWA TFHRC
Federal Highway Administration
Truck Pavement Interaction
2
Phase IPhase I Dynamic EffectsDynamic Effects
Phase IIPhase II Pressure/Footprint/ANNPressure/Footprint/ANN
Phase IIIPhase III Hot Weather ShearHot Weather Shear
Phase IVPhase IV Accelerated LoadingAccelerated Loading
TTA C.4TTA C.4
Tire/Pavement EffectsTire/Pavement Effects
Federal Highway Administration
Truck Pavement Interaction
3
• 3D Tire Pressure Tests “South African 3D Tire Pressure Tests “South African Vehicle-Road Surface Pressure Transducer Vehicle-Road Surface Pressure Transducer Array (VRSPTA)”Array (VRSPTA)”
• 1D Tire Pressure Tests “Kistler MODULUS 1D Tire Pressure Tests “Kistler MODULUS Quartz Sensor Array”Quartz Sensor Array”
• Artificial Neural Network model for bias and Artificial Neural Network model for bias and radial tires (ANN)radial tires (ANN)
Phase II - Tire Pavement Interface Phase II - Tire Pavement Interface Pressure Patterns (TPIPP)Pressure Patterns (TPIPP)
TTA C.4 (Cont.)TTA C.4 (Cont.)
Federal Highway Administration
Truck Pavement Interaction
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3D Tire Pressure Print Tests3D Tire Pressure Print Tests
TTA C.4 (Cont.) TTA C.4 (Cont.)
Phase II - TPIPPPhase II - TPIPP
Tire Type Load Range Inflation Pressure RangekN (% of rated) kPa (% of rated)
G(10.00x20) Bias Ply 26-56 (60-200) 220-920 (32-148)G159A(11R22.5) 26-56 (61-206) 220-920 (32-148)BF Goodrich Aircraft 26-156 (13-78) 1040 (67)G159A(295/75R22.5) 26-41 (59-139) 420-820 (61-119)G286(425/65R22.5) 26-106 (46-230) 500-1000 (71-143)G178(385/65R22.5) 30-50 (82-137) 500-1000 (71-143)
Federal Highway Administration
Truck Pavement Interaction
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ANN Tire ModelANN Tire Model
Tire Type Load Range Inflation Pressure RangekN (% of rated) kPa (% of rated)
G(10.00x20) Bias Ply 26-56 (60-200) 220-920 (32-148)G159A(11R22.5) 26-56 (61-206) 220-920 (32-148)
TTA C.4 (Cont.) TTA C.4 (Cont.)
Phase II - TPIPPPhase II - TPIPP
Federal Highway Administration
Truck Pavement Interaction
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3D VRSPTA Measurement3D VRSPTA Measurement
TTA C.4 (Cont.) TTA C.4 (Cont.)
Phase II - TPIPPPhase II - TPIPP
3D ANN Model Prediction3D ANN Model Prediction
Federal Highway Administration
Truck Pavement Interaction
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1D Tire Pressure Print Tests1D Tire Pressure Print Tests
Tire Type Load Range Inflation Pressure RangekN (% of rated) kPa (% of rated)
G159A(295/75R22.5) 9-35 (35-139) 420-827 (61-120)G286(425/65R22.5) 9-60 (20-138) 482-1000 (70-145)MXZA2(275/80R22.5) 9-62(19-135) 482-1000 (70-145)MXDA(495/45R22.5) 9-35(35-139) 420-827 (61-120)
TTA C.4 (Cont.) TTA C.4 (Cont.)
Phase II - TPIPPPhase II - TPIPP
Federal Highway Administration
Truck Pavement Interaction
8
0
25
49
74
98
123
147
172
196
221
245
1
5
9
13
17
21
25
29
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
Contact Stress (MPa)
Michelin 495/45R22.5 Wide Base Tire
1.6-1.8
1.4-1.6
1.2-1.4
1-1.2
0.8-1
0.6-0.8
0.4-0.6
Longitudinal (mm)
Inflation Pressure: 1000 kPa Applied Vertical Load: 62 kN
Temperature : 16 ºCTest Vehicle Speed: 1.1 m/sMax Stress: 1.666 MPa
Federal Highway Administration
Truck Pavement Interaction
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Phase III - Hot Weather Shear – Phase III - Hot Weather Shear – LTPP SPS-8 Ohio Test RoadLTPP SPS-8 Ohio Test Road• Two Asphalt Concrete thicknessesTwo Asphalt Concrete thicknesses
• Unique instrumentation of embedded gages Unique instrumentation of embedded gages to measure vertical shear and temperature to measure vertical shear and temperature with depthwith depth
• Three speeds, three tire inflation pressures, Three speeds, three tire inflation pressures, dual and wide-base tiresdual and wide-base tires
• FHWA Test Truck measures Road Profile FHWA Test Truck measures Road Profile and Dynamic Wheel Forcesand Dynamic Wheel Forces
TTA C.4 (Cont.)TTA C.4 (Cont.)
Federal Highway Administration
Truck Pavement Interaction
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JPCPJPCP
NN
WHOH!WHOH! WHOH!WHOH!
WHOH!WHOH! WHOH!WHOH!ACAC
8”8” 4”4”
Ohio SHRP LTPP SPS-1, 2 & 8Ohio SHRP LTPP SPS-1, 2 & 8
Federal Highway Administration
Truck Pavement Interaction
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Strain Gage Rosette Configuration on Square HolesStrain Gage Rosette Configuration on Square Holes
Federal Highway Administration
Truck Pavement Interaction
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Wide Base (G286 & MXDA)Wide Base (G286 & MXDA) Dual (G159 & MXZA2)Dual (G159 & MXZA2)
Test Test SeriesSeries
Speed Speed (mph)(mph)
Tire Inflation Tire Inflation Pressure (psi)Pressure (psi)
Test Test SeriesSeries
Speed Speed (mph)(mph)
Tire Inflation Tire Inflation Pressure (psi)Pressure (psi)
11 55 7070 1010 55 7070
22 2525 7070 1111 2525 7070
33 5555 7070 1212 5555 7070
44 55 100100 1313 55 100100
55 2525 100100 1414 2525 100100
66 5555 100100 1515 5555 100100
77 55 120120 1616 55 120120
88 2525 120120 1717 2525 120120
99 5555 120120 1818 5555 120120
Test Run SeriesTest Run Series
Federal Highway Administration
Truck Pavement Interaction
14
Goodyear Dual G159A(295/75R22.5), 1st Hole, Vertical, 8" AC, 120 psi, 5 mph, Lat. Dist. = 9", Temp@ 1",3.5",7" = 45.7,38.2 and 32.1 C
-2000
-1800
-1600
-1400
-1200
-1000
-800
-600
-400
-200
0
200
5 5.2 5.4 5.6 5.8 6 6.2 6.4 6.6
Time (s)
Mic
ros
tra
in
Top
Bottom
Federal Highway Administration
Truck Pavement Interaction
15
Goodyear Dual G159 (295/75R22.5), 1st Hole, Horizontal 8" AC, 120 psi, 5 mph, Lat. Dist. = 9", Temp@ 1",3.5",7" = 45.7,38.2 and 32.1 C
-250
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
200
250
5 5.2 5.4 5.6 5.8 6 6.2 6.4 6.6
Time (s)
Mic
rost
rain
Top
Bottom
Federal Highway Administration
Truck Pavement Interaction
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Other Data and Tests…Other Data and Tests…
• Weather StationWeather Station
• FWDFWD
• Surface Profile & Truck DynamicsSurface Profile & Truck Dynamics
• Material CharacterizationMaterial Characterization– Creep Creep
– RelaxationRelaxation
– Triangular LoadTriangular Load
Federal Highway Administration
Truck Pavement Interaction
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TPI Tire Testing StatusTPI Tire Testing Status
TTA C.4TTA C.4 (Cont.) (Cont.)
Radial Tires * Phase I Phase II Phase III Phase IVDynamics Pressure Prints Hot Weather APT
Road DYNTRAC 3D Tests 1D Tests ANN Pvmnt Shear Flex/Flex OL
G(10 x 20) X X XG159(11R22.5) ** X X X XG286(425/65R22.5) X X X X oG159(295/75R22.5) X X X X oG (385/65/R22.5) XMXZA2(275/80R22.5) X X oMXDA(495/45R22.5) X X oMX(American) ***
o Planned X Completed Test* Except G(10x20) ** On FHWA Test Truck in Ohio *** Not Yet Received
Federal Highway Administration
Truck Pavement Interaction
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Test Tires:Test Tires:
TTA C.4 (Cont.) TTA C.4 (Cont.)
Phase IV - Accelerated LoadingPhase IV - Accelerated Loading
Goodyear DualGoodyear Dual G159A(295/75R22.5)G159A(295/75R22.5)Goodyear S.S. Goodyear S.S. G286(425/65R22.5)G286(425/65R22.5)Michelin Dual Michelin Dual MXZA2(275/80R22.5)MXZA2(275/80R22.5)Michelin S.S.Michelin S.S. MXDA(495/45R22.5)MXDA(495/45R22.5)**
* Prototype* Prototype
Federal Highway Administration
Truck Pavement Interaction
19
Test MatrixTest MatrixRutting Fatigue
Wander Bell to be specified Bell to be specifiedAC Thickness 3"-4" 3"-4"Temperature 50 C 50 FFailure Criteria 0.5"-0.75" 50% Cracking (VESYS)Load 40 kN (9000 lb.) 40 kN (9000 lb.)Tire Pressure Manufacturer Rated Manufacturer RatedSpeed 2.24 m/s (5 mph) 2.24 m/s (5 mph)Traffic One way One way
TTA C.4 (Cont.) TTA C.4 (Cont.) Phase IV - Accelerated LoadingPhase IV - Accelerated Loading