1 t;kydñ - Educational Publications Department G-8 S...fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h ' PB 1 t;kydñ ck l;dj yd ck lúh hkq ,shd ;eîulska f;drj mrïmrdfjka mrïmrdjg f.k tafuka ckhd

fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'PB 1

t;kydñ

ck l;dj yd ck lúh hkq ,shd

;eîulska f;drj mrïmrdfjka

mrïmrdjg f.k tafuka ckhd w;r

m%p,s; jQ idys;H ks¾udK hs' ñksidf.a

ÿl" fõokdj" i;=g" úfkdaoh yd ne÷Kq

ck idys;Hh wo jk úg tajd ìys jQ

iudch yd iïnkaOhla ke;s kQ;k

rislhkaf.a o ri úkaokhg n÷ka fjhs'

ck fldÜGdihla i;= {dk iïNdrh

mrmqrlska mrmqrlg mjrd §fï

udOHhla jk ck idys;Hh ixialD;sfha

levm;la fia ie,flk neúka tajd ìys

jQ iudcfha ck Èú fmfj; yeoEÍug

o jeo.;a fjhs' mqrdfKdala;s" ñ:Hd l:d"

Wmud l;d" ùr ldjH wdÈ jYfhka ck

idys;Hfha úúO m%fNao fõ'

ck l;djl m%Odk wruqK lsishï

wdmaf;damfoaYhla fyda WmyerKhla

f.k yer mEu hs' ñksia uysuh"

;kajeis kqjK yd úplaIKNdjh m%lg

lsÍu ck l;dlrejdf.a mrud¾:h hs'

ñksid yd iudch f;areï .ekSug fï

idys;Hdx.h fnfyúka m%fhdackj;a

fõ' ck l;djl rih biau;= jkafka

tys wka;¾.; ir, yd rij;a fhÿï

ksid h'

ck l;djlg ijka § ri ú£ug yd

idïm%odhsl fhÿï ms<sn| wjfndaOhla

,eîug fï mdvu Tng Wmldß jkq

we;'

1

fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'2 3

lg.dh yefokjd lsh,d f,vla ;sfhkjd .ïj,' tal yeÿK u ñßia lsh,d cd;shla

lkak neye' lsß fydÈ yß fmd,a yß tlal ;uhs n;a lkak fjkafka'

tl .ul t;kydñ lsh,d .Eksfhla ysáhd' ta .fu;a tl ldf,l lg.dh lshk

f,fâ yeÿKd' b;ska Wkaoe fudl o lf<a" lsß fydoaola yo,d n;a Wh,d ;sh,d

kdkak ´k lsh,d j;a; my< <s|g .shd' hk w;ru. È Wkaoe oelald fyafka b|,d

fojeg Èf.a f.or tk thdf. ukqiaihd äx.srd,'

zfï weyqK o''' n;a Wh,d we;s'''

fnod f.k ldm,a,d'

lshdf.k t;kydñ kdkak .shd'

fï Wkaoe;a f.or weú;a n;a lkak ́ fk lsh,d ys;d f.k l=iaishg .shd' uvlal=fj

lsß fydÈ;a ;sfhkjd oelald' ñksyg;a lg.dh yeÈ,d ;snqfK' ñksyg yß nv.sks hs'

uqÜáfhka n;a fnod f.k wr fydÈ áll=;a oud f.k nvmqrd u äx.srd, n;a lEjd'

ál fõ,djlska t;kydñ kdf.k f.or wdjd' wE nka fhdaÈfh" fudl o WUg

fjkog wr jf.a ri fydoaola yokak neß' wo kï nv msfrkak u n;a lEjd' lsh,d

äx.srd, lshdms' lsh,d .syska je,a wef|a È.EÿKd' t;kydñg;a thd yomq lEuj,

Wcdrej lSju ySka i;=gla ysf;a we÷Kd' wE;a n;a lkak .sysx j<x jyqka wer,d

ne¨jd'

fï we;a;g u Tfya n;a lEfõ fudkj tlal o@

fï fydÈ yÜáh jyqka wer,j;a keyefka lsh,d t;kydñ mqÿfuka lsõjd'

wehs Th uvlal=fj WU, ;shdmq fydÈj,ska ux .;af; äx.srd, .Kklg ke;sj

lSjd'

fohshfka''' fudkj o fï ld,d ;sfhkafka' uvlal=fj ;snqfK ux yd,a fydaomq j;=r

ál fka lsh,d t;kydñ lE.eyqjd'

äx.srd,g ySka odäh odf.k tkjd jdf.a oekqKd' uoehs .Eksf. bjqï msyqï wf.a

lrkak .syska fjÉp foa'

Tfydu wlr;eín fï fokak foud,a,kag ysgmq .uka fjkjd' t;kydñg thdf.a

wïuf.ka ,enqK yjßhla ;snqKd' fldfya yß jeo.;a .ukla hk fldg ta yjßh

od,d f,dl= fldKavhla ne|f.k uy Wcdrejg hk yeá n,kak ´fkæ


Tkak ojila f.or yß u l,nf,a' t;kydñf. yjßh ke;s fj,d' f.a mqrd u

fyõjd ne¨jd' kE yïn jqfKa' yßu ys;g wudre hs t;kydñg' idia;rhlaj;a

wy,d n,kak ´fka lsh,d ys;d .;a;d'

Tfya fudl o lshkafka''' wms fokak huq o idia;rhla j;a wykak ydñfka lshkjd'

äx.srd, jeäh Th idia;r .=relïj,g leu;s ñksfyla fkfuhs' ta;a t;kydñf.ka

.e,ú,d bkak mq¿jkE'

yd fyd|hs hu,a,d lsh,d äx.srd,;a ,Eia;s jqKd .ukg' fndfydu fjfyi fj,d

fokak;a tlal idia;r lshk ;ekg wdjd' idia;rldrh udhï fj,d idia;f¾ lshkjd"

fï weú,a, bkafka ke;s jqK fohla .ek wykak hs'

yß o@

yß t;kydñ je| f.k lshkjd'

fïfla yefâ È.áhg;a ;sfhkjd rjqug;a ;sfhkjd'

fïl ldg;a fmdfrdack fjk fohla yß o@

yß yß lsh,d t;kydñ äx.srd,f.a lkg fld÷rkjd'

Tkak idia;f¾ yßhg lshùf.k tkjd fka o@

fïl yß nr idr yskao fokafkla tlal udrefjka udrejg lr .y f.k f.ksyska

;sfhkjd' f.dakshl ou,d'

t;kydñ flaka;sfhka tl mdrg u keÕsÜgd'

wE fnd,ka" yjßh fldfydu o nr idr fohla jqfKa' hu,a,d hkak fï fndre

idia;rj,g /jfgkafka ke;sj' flaka;sfhka mqmqr mqmqr t;kydñ .iaif.k

biair jqKd'

Wfò fï flfyïu,a yjßh yskaod uf.a fyafka l=Uqf¾ jev;a md¿ jqKd' äx.srd,;a

;rfyka uQK Èla lr f.k f.or wdjd'

fj,d ;sfhkafka fudlla o okakj o@ fï idia;rldrhd .fï T;a;=ldrfhla od,d

;sfhkjd' thd ´m¥m fidhdf.k weú;a ke;s jqK foaj,a .ek lshkjd' biaißkaod

? fldgqjl w, fydre f.ksyska ;snqKd' b;ska idia;rldrh;a jerÈ,d fï fcdavqj

wdfõ tal .ek wykak lsh,d ys;,hs" idia;f¾ wrfyu lsh,d ;snqfKaæ


wjfndaOh

1' .fuys me;sr .sh frda.h l=ula o@ tys frda. ,laIKh l=ula o@

2' kdkak hk t;kydñg äx.srd, uqK .eiqfKa fldfya § o@

3' äx.srd,g isÿ jQ jer§u t;kydñ oek .;af;a flfia o@

4' idia;rhla wid oek .ekSug wjYH jQfha l=ula .ek o@

5' idia;rldrhdg jer§ula isÿ jQfha wehs@

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' my; i|yka m%ldY ld úiska ld yg l=uk wjia:djl § lshk ,o o@

¸' “n;a Wh,d we;s''''''' fnodf.k ldm,a,d”¸¸' “fudkj o fï ld,d ;sfhkafka@”¸¸¸' “Tkak idia;f¾ yßhg u lshùf.k tkjd fkao”¸¹' “Wfò fï flfy,au,a yjßh yskaod uf.a fyafk l=Uqfr jev;a md¿

jqKd”

2' my; i|yka m%ia;dj msre¿ wod< lr .; yels jk f,i l;kaor ks¾udKh

lrkak'

¸' .`.g bks lemqjd jdf.a'

¸¸' ;ef<k hlfv oelalu wdpdßhd Wv mek mek ;<kj¨'

¸¸¸' ;gq ye¿Kq mlaIshd jf.hs'

¸¹' wdf¾ .=K kEf¾'

3' my; i|yka úia;r weiqßka l;d ks¾udKh lrkak'

^w& ¸' .urd, iy .u ydñfka fyakg h;s'

¸¸' jÜglald jef,ys úYd, f.ähls'

¸¸¸' f.or f.keú;a Tjqyq th folg lm;s'

¸¹' jÜglald f.äh ;=<ska È,sfik ue‚lla u;= fjhs'

¹' ue‚la ., w;g .;a ie‚ka u;= jQ rejls'

¹¸' .u hqj< jrhla b,a,;s'

¹¸¸' jrh ,efnhs' mej;Su ál l,ls'


^wd& ¸' .=ydjl isxyfhls'

¸¸' tA wi, ófhls'

¸¸¸' .=ydj iómfha ie`.ù isák kßfhls'

¸¹' isxyhd kskaog jefghs'

¹' óhd isxyhdf.a ysi foig jeà we;s f,dau lmhs'

¹¸' kßhd isxy fjia .kS'

¹¸¸' kßhd isxy .=ydjg msúfihs'

¹¸¸¸' isxy .=ydj foig úYd, kd.fhla we§ ths'

¸º' isxy fjia .;a kßhd ìh ù lE.ihs'

º' tA y`äka isxyhd wjÈ fjhs'

m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' úúO j¾.fha ck l;d /ia lr fmd;la ks¾udKh lrkak'

2' ck l;d lshjd tjdhska fok mKsúvh yd WmfoaYh mqjrejl ,shd mka;sfha

m%o¾Ykh lrkak'

3' m%ia;dj msre¿j,g wod< l;d f.dkq lr fmd;la ilia lrkak'


idïm%odhsl fhÿï²

w; yhsh kï n; fkdjrÈk nj fyd`Èka u okakd lsßnKavd ;ksj u ÿla

uykais ù fyakla l=Uqrla wiajoaokakg mgka .;af;a h' Tyqf.a mshd o fï

jf.a u is;d u;d jev l< yhsy;a;sh we;s f.dúfhls' l,a h,a n,d j.djg

iem id;a;= lsÍfï m%;sM,h jQfha ire idr wiajekakhs' lsß nKavdf.a bfya

u,la msmq‚' ojig folg yeÿKq jevqKq flfi,a fldgqfõ f,dl= flfi,a

leka ;=kla u fyd|g meyS ;sfnkq ÿgq lsßnKavd tAjd úl=Kkakg ;SrKh

lf<a h' ysñÈß mdkaor u fyakg .sh Tyq fjä lE W!rl= fuka yeisfrkakg

jQfha flfi,a leka ;=k w;=reoka ù we;s nj oelSfuks'

,ys ,ysfha lvuKaähg Èj .sh Tyq ySka u,hdf.a f;a lvhg f.dv úh' tys

isá fia;=ydñ jg msg n,ñka fydr .,a wyq,kakg úh' fia;=ydñ .ek iel

is;+ lsßnKavd jy jyd lvh ;=<g .sfha tys wyq uq¨ mÍlaId lrkakg h'

uq,a,l ;nd ;snqKq flfi,a leka ÿgq lsßnKavdg hld ke.af.a h' flfi,a

leka lvhg f.kdfõ ljqreka oehs oek .;a Tyq fuf;la Èfjka Èj .d

f.k isá fia;=ydñ w,a,d f.k foys lmkakg mgka .;af;a h'

we;a;la lshd me;a;la .sh;a lula ke;ehs is;+ fia;=ydñ ;ud w;ska isÿ jQ

jro .ek mdfmdaÉpdrKh lf<a h' lsßnKavdf.a flaka;sh wld uld .sfha h'

“WU lkak §mq w; ymd lEjd tfykï'”

by; i|yka isoaêh bÈßm;a lsÍfï § fhdod f.k we;s NdIdj .ek úuis,su;a

jkak' lssishï m%ldYhla rij;aj bÈßm;a lrkakg ´kE u NdIdjla i;=j mj;sk

iïm%odhla fjhs' idys;H ks¾udKhl § o f,aLkfha § o tÈfkod l:d jHjydrfha §

fujeks fhÿï oelsh yels h' ck idys;Hfha fnfyúka oelsh yels" NdIdjlg Wreu

jQ fujeks fhÿï" idïm%odhsl fhÿï f,i ye¢kafõ' fï w;r"

1' rEÎ ^b`.s jels&

2' m%ia;dj msre¿

3' hq., mo

hkqfjka j¾. lsysmhls'


idïm%odhsl fhÿï²

w; yhsh kï n; fkdjrÈk nj fyd`Èka u okakd lsßnKavd ;ksj u ÿla

uykais ù fyakla l=Uqrla wiajoaokakg mgka .;af;a h' Tyqf.a mshd o fï

jf.a u is;d u;d jev l< yhsy;a;sh we;s f.dúfhls' l,a h,a n,d j.djg

iem id;a;= lsÍfï m%;sM,h jQfha ire idr wiajekakhs' lsß nKavdf.a bfya

u,la msmq‚' ojig folg yeÿKq jevqKq flfi,a fldgqfõ f,dl= flfi,a

leka ;=kla u fyd|g meyS ;sfnkq ÿgq lsßnKavd tAjd úl=Kkakg ;SrKh

lf<a h' ysñÈß mdkaor u fyakg .sh Tyq fjä lE W!rl= fuka yeisfrkakg

jQfha flfi,a leka ;=k w;=reoka ù we;s nj oelSfuks'

,ys ,ysfha lvuKaähg Èj .sh Tyq ySka u,hdf.a f;a lvhg f.dv úh' tys

isá fia;=ydñ jg msg n,ñka fydr .,a wyq,kakg úh' fia;=ydñ .ek iel

is;+ lsßnKavd jy jyd lvh ;=<g .sfha tys wyq uq¨ mÍlaId lrkakg h'

uq,a,l ;nd ;snqKq flfi,a leka ÿgq lsßnKavdg hld ke.af.a h' flfi,a

leka lvhg f.kdfõ ljqreka oehs oek .;a Tyq fuf;la Èfjka Èj .d

f.k isá fia;=ydñ w,a,d f.k foys lmkakg mgka .;af;a h'

we;a;la lshd me;a;la .sh;a lula ke;ehs is;+ fia;=ydñ ;ud w;ska isÿ jQ

jro .ek mdfmdaÉpdrKh lf<a h' lsßnKavdf.a flaka;sh wld uld .sfha h'

“WU lkak §mq w; ymd lEjd tfykï'”

by; i|yka isoaêh bÈßm;a lsÍfï § fhdod f.k we;s NdIdj .ek úuis,su;a

jkak' lssishï m%ldYhla rij;aj bÈßm;a lrkakg ´kE u NdIdjla i;=j mj;sk

iïm%odhla fjhs' idys;H ks¾udKhl § o f,aLkfha § o tÈfkod l:d jHjydrfha §

fujeks fhÿï oelsh yels h' ck idys;Hfha fnfyúka oelsh yels" NdIdjlg Wreu

jQ fujeks fhÿï" idïm%odhsl fhÿï f,i ye¢kafõ' fï w;r"

1' rEÎ ^b`.s jels&

2' m%ia;dj msre¿

3' hq., mo

hkqfjka j¾. lsysmhls'

by; i|yka mdGfha “bfya u,la msmq‚”" “hld ke.af.a h”" jeks fhÿïj, w¾:h

tAjdfha fh§ we;s jpkj,ska lshefjk w¾:h blaujd hk fjkia u w¾:hls'

fïjdfha w¾:h b`.sfhka .; hq;= ksid ‘b`.s jels’ f,i o ye¢kafõ' rEÎ fyj;a

‘b`.s jels’ hkqfjka ye|skafjk fujeks fhÿï NdIdj rij;a lrkakg isxy, wmg

Wreu jQjls'

‘ÿla uykais’ ‘yß nß’

‘is;d u;d’ ‘yhs y;a;sh’ ‘l,a h,a’ ‘iem id;a;=’

‘ire idr’ ‘ojig folg’ ‘yeÿKq jevqKq’ ‘ysñÈß mdkaor’

fï fhÿïj, ;ks mohla muKla fhÿfjd;a tys rihla ke;' mo hq.,h u tlg

fhfok úg tys wre; jvd;a oefkkakg fjhs' fïjd ‘hq., mo’ f,i ye`Èkafjkafka

o mo hq.,h u tlg Ndú; l< hq;= neúks' fï fhÿï u.ska m%ldYhl w¾:h

w,xldr fjhs¦ rij;a fjhs'

“w; yhsh kï n; fkdjrÈkakd jf.a”

“fjä lE W!frl= jf.a”

“we;a;la lshd me;a;la .sh;a lula kE”

“lkak §mq w; ymd lkjd jf.a”

m%ia;djlg fyj;a wjia:djlg .e<fmk lshuk m%ia;dj msre<ls' ;ekg .e<fmk

lshukla f,i ye¢kaúh yels m%ia;dj msre¿ ìys jQfha .eñ jyßks' .eUqre w¾:hla

ir,j m%ldY lsÍu tys Ôj .=Kh hs' WmfoaYh" Wmydih" ydiHh hk .=Kdx.

m%ia;dj msre¿j, oelsh yels h' l;kaor weiqfrka ks¾udKh jqKq m%ia;dj msre¿ o

fjhs' hq., mo" rEÎ yd m%ia;dj msre¿ wdÈ idïm%odhsl fhÿï u.ska isÿ jkafka wfma

NdIdj rij;a ùu hs'


,sÅ; wNHdi

1' § we;s mdGh weiqfrka my; iòyka j.=j iïmQ¾K lrkak'

rEÎ hq., mo m%ia;dj msre¿

2' zwZ ;Srejg .e<fmk woyi zwdZ ;Srefjka f;dard ,shkak'

zwZ ;Srej zwdZ ;Srej

we`.s,s .ksñka ysáhd n,h msßyS

wuq leú,d ksIaM, l%shdjl fh§u

lsUq,a l÷¿ fy<Su fndre lshñka ujd mEu

wka;su b;a;;a we§u fndre fifkyila fmkaùu

fmdrlgq f.ú,d orejl=f.a wlSlrelu

l=l=¿ kskao tlg tl lsÍu

l+ksiaikag oe,a odkjd jerÈ wjfndaOhlska isàu

tld hld fj,d i;=áka yd wfmalaIdfjka isáhd

nl ;mia /lSu wjidk W;aidyhla .ekSu

le;a;g fmd,a, jf.hs iaj,am fj,djl kskao

3' tla tla ;Srefjys § we;s WodyrKhg wkqj iqÿiq hq., mo fhdod my;

i|yka j.=j iïmQ¾K lrkak'

iqj - myiqj wE; - uE; ,g - mg frdvq - fndvq ljd - fmdjd


4' ysia;eka mqrjkak'

¸' weo'''''''''''''' ¹¸' '''''''''''''' mSvk

¸¸' weoys,s '''''''''''''''' ¹¸¸' '''''''''''''''' l=vqu

¸¸¸' <uhs '''''''''''''''' ¹¸¸¸' ''''''''''''''''' nqoao

¸¹' l=vq ''''''''''''''''''''' ¸º' '''''''''''''''' udkak

¹' /jqï ''''''''''''''''''' º' ''''''''''''fodvd

5' my; i|yka m%ia;dj msre¿ Tfí woyig wkqj j¾. lrkak'

² .f,a flgQ wl=r jf.a

² fydrdf.a wïudf.ka fmak weyqjd jf.a

² Wre,Ejd .sh mdr jf.a

² wdf¾ .=K kEf¾

² bínd lg yskaod keyqKd jf.a

² wf`.a b|ka lk lkjd jf.a

² wnrd is,a.;a;d jf.a

² md¿ f.hs j<x ì¢kjd jf.a

² lgqiaidf.a lf¾ r;a;rka nekaod jf.a

² hqoafog ke;s lvqj fldia fldgkak o@

² ;efka yeáhg wefKa

² foafia yeáhg ndfia

² iqn kï fodrgq md,lhdg Tgqkq me,ekaÿjd jf.a

² w,a,mq w;a;;a kE mh .ymq w;a;;a kE

² n,af,la ìrejdg lkaola ñá fõ o@

² wfka ldf,a jfka jdfia

² l< l< foa m, m, foa

² cdähg uQäh jf.a

² fldf¾ msgg uf¾

6' my; i|yka msre¿ wod< lr .; yelafla fln÷ wjia:djla úia;r lsÍug

oehs meyeÈ,s lrkak'

WodyrKh( w,a,mq w;a;;a kE mh .ymq w;a;;a kE

hï f;aÍul § fome;a;g u wdYdfjka lghq;= lsÍug

hEfuka fome;a; u wysñ ùu'

¸' khdg w÷fld< jf.a'

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'10 PB

¸¸' Wmdil n<,a¨ ófhda fokakd fokakd w,a,kjd¨'

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¸¸¸' tlg lEjg fndlal fjkia¨'

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

¸¹' t<sm;af;a bkak n<,d jf.hs'

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

¹' weá flfy,a ldmq W.=vqjd jf.hs'

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

7' my; i|yka l;dj lshjd Bg .e<fmk m%ia;dj msre¿ ,shkak'

my; i|yka jkafka tla m%ia;dj msre<lg wod< ck l;djls'

fujeks l;kaor lshjd ri ú¢kak'

tl ojila tl .urd, flfkla ,S lemSu i|yd jkdka;rhg .sfha

h' tfy;a Tyqg wdmiq tk úg mdr jerÿ‚' fufyu w;rux ù isáoa§

kßydñ flfkl= Tyqg uqK .eiq‚' “wfkaæ kßydñ ug f.org

hkak mdr fmkajkak' uu fyd| ;E.a.la fokakï' uf.a fyd| l=l=¿

kdïfnd fokafkla u fokakï'”

“yd fyd|hs uu .urd,j f.org wer,jkakï' tkak ud;a tlal'”

;E.a.la fok fmdfrdkaÿj msg .urd, f.org wer,jQ kßydñ

;E.a. ,efnk ;=re .Õ woaorg ù n,d isáfha h' l<.=K fkdokakd

.urd, kßydñg fyd| jevla lrkakg is;=fõ h'

‘fokjd uu Wkaoeg l=l=f<da’ hs is;+ .urd," f.dakshlg f.or isá

n,a,d oud tys lg fyd¢ka nekafoa h' .Õ woaorg .sh Tyq fï ;E.a.

kßydñg ÿkafka h'

“fndfydu ia;+;shs .urd,'” lshd b;d i;=áka ;E.a. /f.k le,hg

.sh kßydñ f.daksh ,syd .;a;d mu‚' f.daksfha isr ù isá n,a,d

t<shg mekafka h' kßydñ mK tmd lshñka ÿjkakg úh' jkka;f¾

.d,l Ôj;a jk kßydñf.a ìß| miq fkd n,d ÿjk ;u iajdñhd

foi n,d isáhd h'

“fudl o fï ÿjkafka@”“wfka ydñfka l< fyd| miafika t<jkjd” lshñka kßydñ

kß.d,g mek .;af;a h'


rîkaøkd;a ;df.da¾ yd

Tyqf.a ks¾udK 2

rîkaøkd;aa ;df.da¾ ^1861-1941& kQ;k

bkaÈhdkq idys;H l,d lafIa;%fha

mqfrda.dñhd fia ie,flhs' fnx.d,s

cd;slhl= jk ;df.da¾ ie,flkqfha

bkaÈhdkq wkkH;dfõ ixfla;hla

jYfhks'

fnx.d,s idys;Hh yd ix.S;h tys kQ;k

hq.hg Tijd ;eîfuys ,d ;df.da¾f.a

odhl;ajh úfYaIfhka jeo.;a fõ'

bkaÈhdkq l,djka kQ;k;ajh lrd

fhduq lsÍu o Tyqf.ka bgq jQ jeo.;a

fufyjrls' kQ;k w;aoelSï m%ldY

lsÍug fhda.H mßoafoka NdId jHjydrh

ilid .ekSu flfrys ;df.da¾f.a

odhl;ajh w.h flf¾'

idys;Hh i|yd fkdfn,a ;Hd.h

Èkd .;a m%:u wdishd;slhd jkafka

rîkaøkd;a ;df.da¾ h' nyqNdIl

rdcHhla jk bkaÈhdj ish cd;sl .Sh

jYfhka ms<sf.k we;af;a o rîkaøkd;a

;df.da¾f.a ks¾udKhls'

^fnx.d,s niska fu;=udf.a ku

rîkaøkd: Gl+r hkqfjka jHjydr

flf¾'&

l=iqï Èidkdhlf.a .S;dxc,S mßj¾;kh

weiqfrka fuu ,smsh ilia lr we;'


1861 jekafka uehs ui y;ajeks Èk rîkaøkd;a ;df.da¾ fuf,dj Wm; ,oafoa h'

Tyqf.a uq;a;Kqjka jQ oajd¾lkd;a ;df.da¾ o" mshdKka jQ foafõkaøkd;a ;df.da¾ o

tjl bkaÈhdfõ we;s jQ wd.ñl" idudÔh yd foaYmd,ksl jHdmdrj, mqfrda.dóyq

jQy' iudc m%.;shg ndOd muqKqjk wdÖ¾K l,ams; u;jdoj,ska ilia jqKq iudc

ixia:dj,g tfrys jQ Tjqyq úfoaYSh isß;a úß;a u.ska foaYSh ixialD;sh úkdYhg

hEu o fkd bjiQy' rîkaøkd;a ;df.da¾f.a Ôjk o¾Ykh ieliQ miqìu tn÷ úh'

ld, foaY iSud blaujd fmr wmr foÈ. tla l< uyd mqrel njg ;df.da¾ m;a jQfha

tfyhsks' uE; hq.fha úúO l=i,;d tla;eka ù ieliqKq uyd fm!reIhlska fyì

mqoa.,hl= jQfha kï ta rîkaøkd;a ;df.da¾ h'

mdGYd,d wOHdmkh fkd bjiQ ksid Tyq ksjfia § u bx.S%is yd ixialD; NdId oekqula

,eî h' <d nd, úfhys § u Tyq lshjQ fmd;a w;=frys rdudhKh" ld,sodif.a kdgH"

.S;f.daúkaoh fuka u fYalaiamsh¾f.a fYdaldka; kdgH o úh' 17 jk úfhys § jeä

ÿr wOHdmkh i|yd tx.,ka;hg hEug fmr Tyq lì lydks ^lúhdf.a l:dj& kï

lD;sh o N.ak yDoh kï kdgHh o m< fldg ;sìK' tx.,ka; wOHdmkfhka miqj

ish rgg meñ‚ Tyq Ndkqisxy hk kñka Nla;s .S; rpkd lf<a h' 1882 § m< l<

ikaOHd ix.S;a kï lD;sh lúhl= jYfhka ;df.da¾f.a m%isoaêh ;yjqre lf<a h'

1883 § m< jQ m%Nd;a ix.S;a ta uf.ys u .sh ;j;a lD;shls' úpdrlhkaf.a wjOdkhg

,la jQ Tyqf.a m%:u kdgHh jQ fidnd oyfï m<s.ekSu miqld,Skj Tyqf.a o¾Ykh

ieliqKq u. fmkajhs' wd;aufha úuqla;sh ,nd .; yelafla wdorfhka muKls hk

oyu Tyq thska m%ldY lrhs' Tyqf.a lD;s w;=frka jvd;a mßiudma; lD;sh jkafka

udkiS nj we;eï úpdrlfhda mji;s'

1890 § Ysf,hsodfõ iñkaod¾ jYfhka"

moaud kï .fÕys ks;r u Tre u.ska

.ufkys fh§ug isÿ ùu Tyqf.a Ôjk

o¾Ykh mq¿,a l< w;aoelSula úh'

fnx.d,fha ck Ôú;h y÷kd .ekSug

wjia:djla ,eîu o Tyqf.a o¾Ykhg

oeä f,i n,mE ndjq,ajreka yuq ùu

o isÿ jQfha fï .ukaj, § h' ro<

mjq,l l=udr iïm;a we;sj jevqK o

idudkH ck;dj yd tlajka ùug Tyqg

yels jQfha ta ksid h' wirKhkaf.a

Ôú;h Tyqf.a idkqlïms; oDIaáhg ,la úh' Tjqka w;=frys foúhka jev jik nj

;df.da¾ lS h' tjekakka fkd ye¢k foúhka fj; hEula fkd fõ hehs Tyq mejiS h'

ndjq,ajreka


fodr ljq¿ yeu jeiqKq fofjd,l

ldg foda fï mqokafka@

fofk;a úoyd n,kq uek Tn

foú÷ wìhi fkd jkafka

ux iokakka ., lvk ;ek

ìï fldgkakka irk jev ìu

¥,s ;ejreKq i¿ ord f.k

wõfõ jeiafia isá;s foúfhda

hdka;s%l talldÍ núka ñ§ fidnd oyug b;d iómj ir,j Èú f.ùfuka c.;a

fi!kao¾hh yd l,dldñ;ajh jvd .ekSug;a {dk .fõIKhg;a f;da;ekakla jQ

Ydka;s ksfla;kh Tyq úiska 1901 jif¾ § wrUk ,È'

1902 j¾Ifha" Tyqf.a Ôú;fha fYdalS ld, mßÉfþohl wdrïNh úh' ta jif¾ §

Tyqf.a ìß| ñh .shd h' bka wk;=rej fojk ÿj ñh .shd h' bka ;=ka jirlg miqj

ish mshdKka jQ uy¾IS foafõkaøkd;a;=ud o ;j;a fojirlg miqj mqf;la o ñh

.shy' urK lsysmhla u <Õ <Õ isÿ ùu Tyqg oeä fõokdjla jQj o thska Tyqf.a

Ôjk o¾Ykh ;j ;j;a mq¿,a úh' ìß|f.a wNdjfhka miq ,shQ iaurka kï ldjHh

Tyq ;=< jQ oeä fYdalh m%ldY lrhs' Ôú;h ms<sn| jvd .eUqre wjfndaOhla ,nd

we;s nj fmkS hhs' ÿlaL fõokdjka Ôú;djfndaOh mq¿,a lr" jvd;a mD:q, jQ Ôjk

o¾Ykhla Tyqg ,nd ÿkakd fia h'

Tyq ,shQ l: ´ ldyskS" ffkfõµ hk ldjH fuka u ;eme,a lkaf;darej" w÷re

l=áfha rc;=ud hk kdgH o Tyq ;=< ;snQ oeä foaYudul;ajh fmkakqï lrhs' iudc

m%Yak fuka u mqoa., m%Yak o Tyq ;u kjl;dj,g jia;= fldg .;af;a h' WmksIoa

O¾uh" mqrdfKdala;s" b;sydi l;d wdÈh u.ska foaY Nla;sh we;s lsÍug Tyq W;aiy

lf<a h' .S;dxc,sh o ;kslr u Nla;s ldjHhla fkd fõ' bkaÈhdfõ wkd.;h

ms<sn|j Tyq flfrys jQ m%¾:kd" ukqIH iajNdjh" urKh fuka u mSä; ck;dj o

.ek .eUqre ixl,am tys we;=<;a fjhs' Tyqf.a .S; fuka u rîkaø ix.S;h o ok

;=v ;=v mej;sK' 1912 § kej; tx.,ka;hg hEu ksid Tyqg tl, isá jeo.;a

bx.S%is f,aLlhka /ila u yuq ùug wjia:dj ,eì‚' tÉ' Ô' fj,aia" tiard mjqkaâ"

ví' î' fhaÜia wd§yq Tyqf.a ñ;=frda jQy' ;df.da¾ .S;dxc,sfha bx.sßis msgm; ilia

lf<a fï ld,fhys § h' bx.S%is f,aLlfhda fuh lshjd n,d n,j;a m%idoh oelajQy'

tx.,ka;fha isg weußldjg .sh ;df.da¾" Ñldf.da yd ydj¾â úYajúoHd,j,


meje;ajQ foaYk" od¾Yksl lreKqj,ska mßmQ¾K úh' tajd miq l,l idOkd kñka

ix.%y flßK'

1913 j¾Ifha Tlaf;danrfhys § wdmiq bkaÈhdj meñŒfuka uilg miqj rîkaøkd;a

;df.da¾g idys;Hh ms<sn| fkdfn,a ;Hd.h ysñ úh' tjl mgka Tyq fnx.d, uyd

lúhd f,i f,dj mqrd m%isoaO úh'

fï jk úg m%:u f,dal ix.%duh t<fUñka ;sìK' ta ms<sn|j hï lsis bÕshla

;df.da¾g jQ nj my; oelafjk lúfhka fy<s fjhs'

úkdYlre o fï meñfKkafka@

le<UqKq l÷¿ id.rfhys

fõokd .xj;=r Èh kghs

úÿ,sfhka myr lE r;a j,dfjda

úisÍ uok, yd tla ù Èj h;s'

urKfha lsre< ord

Ôú;h r:drEVj isà

hqoaOfha fõokdj Tyqf.a yo m;a,g u ls|d neiafia h'

.dkaê 1915 § Ydka;s ksfla;khg meñ‚fha h' ;df.da¾ Tyq ms<s.ksñka ‘Tyq we;a;g

u uyd wd;auhla we;s ;eke;af;la' uyd;aud flfkla’ hhs lSfõ h' tÈk mgka

.dkaê uyd;aud .dkaê jQfha h'

1916 § khsÜ moúfhka mqokq ,enQ ;df.da¾ kej; ráka rg ixpdrh lsÍfuys

fhÿfKa h' weußldj" cmdkh" iaùvkh" iaúÜi¾,ka;h" u,hdj" ishu" reishdj

wdÈ rgj,a /il u Tyq ixpdrh lf<a h'

ful, Tyq ,shQ lD;s w;=ßka mdGl wjOdkhg jvd;a u ,la jQfha n,ld kï

lD;sh hs' wiykh ksid fkd kej;S mshdUk fldla fm<la ms<sn|j ,shd we;s th"

;df.da¾f.a jvd;a mßK; ldjHhla fia ie,flhs'

hqoaOfhka miq ld,h" ;df.da¾ uy;a Ñ;a; ika;dmhg m;a l< ld,hla úh' Tyq

;u khsÜ moúh w;a yf<a h' ta kïnq kduh w;a yßñka bx.S%is wdKavqldrhdg hejQ

,smsh Tyq ;=< mej;s wNsudkh;a foaYudul;ajh;a fmkajhs' “Tjqkaf.a Bkshd fkd

jeo.;alu ksid u ukqIH;ajhg fkd .e<fmk uÈ mqxÑlïj,g Ndckh ùug


isÿ jk uf.a rg jeishka iu." lsisu ndysr úfYaI;ajhlska f;drj tlaj isàug

uu leue;af;ñ'” hehs Tyq mejiS h'

ish¨ u foaYmd,ksl lghq;=j,ska bj;aj Ydka;s ksfla;kh ÈhqKq lsÍug Tyq bka miq

fjfyi úh' 1921 § Ydka;s ksfla;kh úYaj Ndr;S úYajúoHd,h f,i kï flß‚'

tys wdo¾Y mdGh jQfha ‘h;% úYajï Nj;s tal kSvï’ hkak hs' ‘úYajh hï ;efkl

o th tl u leoe,a,ls’ hkak tys wre; hs' Ydka;s ksfla;kh wm rfÜ wdkkao

iurfldaka" tÈßùr irÉpkaø wdÈ l,dlrejkag fijK iE¥ l,d ksfla;khla

úh' f;jrla u ,laìug md ;enQ ;df.da¾ fydrK YS% md,s úoHd,h msysgqùug

uq,a ùu;a zYdma fudapkaZ keue;s .S; kdglh rÕ oelaùu;a furg idys;H l,d

m%fndaOhg n,mEula úh' fndfyda rgj, ixpdrfhys fhÿKq Tyq 1930 § Tlaia*¾â

úYajúoHd,fhys § foaYk ud,djla meje;aù h' The Religion of Man ûkqIHhdf.a

wd.u& hkqfjka ix.%y jQfha ta foaYk hs'

úYaj Ndr;S úYajúµd,h

1931 § rîkaøkd;a ;df.da¾f.a

ye;a;Ejk ckafuda;aijh b;d by<ska

meje;aú‚' ta i|yd iïmdokh

lrk ,o Wmydr .%ka:h ^The Golden Book of Tagore& ;df.da¾f.a rka

fmd; kï úh' thg ,sms iemhQjka

w;r cjy¾,d,a fkare" uyd;aud

.dkaê" n¾g%kaâ ri,a" whskaiaghska wd§yq o jQy' l,algdfõ meje;aùug kshñ;j

;snQ W;aijh w;aysgqùug isÿ jQfha uy;aud .dkaêf.a Wmjdih ksid h' ;df.da¾

l,algdfõ isg mQkd k.rhg f.dia" .dkaê yuq ùug .sfha h' tys <Õd jk úg

foaYmd,ksl ;;ajh fjkia ù ;sìK' Wmjdih yudr lsÍug lrk ,o b,a,Sug

.dkaê tlÕ úh' ;df.da¾ w;ska .dkaê fodvï hqI n÷k ms<s.;af;a h'

;df.da¾f.a rka fmd;


ÿgq oE fndfyda h ud oEi

tfy;a tajd fjfyig m;aj ke;'

weiQ oE fndfyda h ud ijka'

tfy;a tajd ;j;a oE weiSug

msmdihka fmf<hs'

ta ye;a;E úfhys jQ ;df.da¾ mejiQ joka h' tf,i u Tyq kej; o ixpdrfhys

fhÈ‚' 1934 § ,xldjg meñKs .uk ;df.da¾f.a wjidk úfoaY ixpdrh úh'

1940 § Tlaia*¾â úYajúoHd,h" Ydka;s ksfla;kfha úfYaI W;aijhla mj;ajd

idys;Hh ms<sn| wdpd¾h Wmdêhla uydlú ;df.da¾g msßkeó h' th t;=ud iyNd.s

jQ wjidk W;aijh hs' bka u| l,lg miq t;=ud wikSm úh' wikSmfhka isáh § o

Tyq ldjH m%nkaO folla m< lf<a h'

1941 § ;df.da¾f.a wiQjk ckafuda;aijh ir, wkaoñka mj;ajk ,È' tiufhys

fojk f,dal hqoaOh me;sfrñka ;sìK' ;df.da¾ ngysr f,dalh ms<sn|j fpdaokd;aul

lD;shla m< lf<a YsIagdpdrfha w¾nqoh kñks'

1941 jekafkys cq,s ui ;on, f,i frda.d;=r jQ t;=ud wf.daia;= ui y;ajk Èk ñh

.sfha h' wjika lghq;= wjia:dfõ t;=ud úiska u ilia lrk ,o .Shla miqìfuka

.dhkd lrk ,È'

wìhi fõ idufha id.rh

kdúlh" Èh;a lr yßkq uek Trej'

iod ud iqyod h Tn'

wmßñ; uyd m:h bÈßfha

Èf,kq we; O%ej ;drldj'

úuqla;sfha odhlhdKfka

Tfí iud .=K

uyd lreKd .=K

ksud fkd fõ lsisod'

wkka; jQ fï .uka u. Èf.a

ì£ fhajd f,dfõ neñ yeu'


wre;a meyeÈ,s lsÍu

iudc m%.;sh - iudcfha bÈß .uk$ÈhqKqj

wdÖ¾K l,ams; - h,a mskQ$l,a .sh$bmerKs hq.hg wh;a

mD:q, - mq¿,a

foaYudul;ajh - ;u rg ms<sn| yeÕSu

WmksIoa - yskaÿ O¾u .%ka:hls' .=rejrhd iómfha isg

bf.k .kakd O¾uhls'

mqrdfKdala;s - mer‚ lshuka

ckafuda;aijh - Wmka Èk W;aijh

wjfndaOh

1' rîkaøkd;a ;df.da¾g fkdfn,a idys;H iïudkh ysñ lr ÿka lD;sh l=ula o@

2' <dnd, úfha § Tyq lshjQfha lskï f,aLlhkaf.a fmd;a o@

3' ‘idOkd’ kñka ix.%y flrefKa fudkjd o@

4' ;df.da¾ rka fmd;g ,smshla iemhQ m%lg úoHd{hd ljqo@

5' ;df.da¾f.a w§k;ajh m< lrk tla wjia:djla by; mdvfuka Wmqgd olajkak'

m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' rîkaøkd;a ;df.da¾f.a Ôjk f;dr;=re yd t;=udf.a ks¾udK w,<d ì;a;s

mqj;am;la ilia lrkak' miqj úYaj Ndr;S úYajúoHd,h njg m;a jQ Ydka;s

ksfla;kh ms<sn| f;dr;=re /ia lrkak'

2' rîkaøkd;a ;df.da¾f.a ldjH ixl,amkd weiqfrka iïmdokh jQ isxy, .S;

lsysmhla mka;shg bÈßm;a lrkak'

3' isxy,g mßj¾;kh jQ rîkaøkd;a ;df.da¾f.a flál;d tl;= lr tajdfha

idrdxYhla mka;shg bÈßm;a lrkak'

4' Ydka;s ksfla;kh fijfKa ìys jQ YS% ,dxlslhkaf.a f,aLkhla ilia lr

Tjqka ksfhdackh lrk úIh lafIa;% bÈßfhka olajkak'


w,amm%dK wlaIr yd uydm%dK wlaIr ²

mdif,a W;aijhls' m%Odk YsIH kdhlhd ksfõok lghq;= lrhs' Tyq ,shd .;a mdGh

fuhhs'

“;Hd. m%odfkda;aijh i|yd meñ‚ wdrdê; wuq;a;ka le|jd f.k

úÿy,am;s;=ud m%Odk Yd,djg msúfihs'”

tfy;a Tyq ksfõokh lf<a fufiahs'

;Hd. m%odfkda;aijh i|yd meñ‚ wdrdÈ; wuq;a;ka le|jd f.k

úÿy,am;s;=ud m%odk Yd,djg msúfihs'

fuhska meyeÈ,s jkafka uydm%dK wlaIr idudkH l;d jHjydrfha § WÉpdrKh

fkd jk njhs' tfy;a msß;a iÊ®dhkfha § iajdóka jykafia,d ksjerÈ uydm%dK

wlaIr WÉpdrKh lrkq weish yels h' uka;% cm lsÍfï §;a wIagl" Yaf,dal" .d:d

.dhkfha §;a uydm%dK ksjerÈj WÉpdrKh l< hq;= hehs iïu;hla mj;S' tfia jqj

o jHjydrfha § kï uydm%dK Yío ksjerÈj WÉpdrKh fkd jk ;rï h'

tfy;a f,aLkfha § uydm%dK yd w,amm%dK wlaIr ksjerÈj fh§u w;HjYH fõ'

tfia fkd fhÿj fyd;a thska lshefjk w¾:h idjµ jk neúks' w¾:fhys fjkila

ke;;a f,aLkfhys ,d iïu; wlaIr úkHdih fhdod .ekSu w;HjYHhs'

isxy, wlaIr ud,dfõ uydm%dK wlaIr 10la iy Bg wkqrEm w,amm%dK wlaIr 10la

we;'

w,amm%dK wlaIr l p g ; m . c v o n

uydm%dK wlaIr L P G : M > ® V O N

wlaIr WÉpdrKfha § fõ.fhka yd jeä m%dKhlska y`v yd jdhqj msg lsÍfuka

uydm%dK Yío Wm§' tfia fkdue;s j wvq fõ.hlska wvq m%dKhlska y`v yd jdhqj

msg lsÍfuka w,amm%dK Yío Wm§'


w,amm%dK wlaIr yd uydm%dK wlaIr ²

mdif,a W;aijhls' m%Odk YsIH kdhlhd ksfõok lghq;= lrhs' Tyq ,shd .;a mdGh

fuhhs'

“;Hd. m%odfkda;aijh i|yd meñ‚ wdrdê; wuq;a;ka le|jd f.k

úÿy,am;s;=ud m%Odk Yd,djg msúfihs'”

tfy;a Tyq ksfõokh lf<a fufiahs'

;Hd. m%odfkda;aijh i|yd meñ‚ wdrdÈ; wuq;a;ka le|jd f.k

úÿy,am;s;=ud m%odk Yd,djg msúfihs'

fuhska meyeÈ,s jkafka uydm%dK wlaIr idudkH l;d jHjydrfha § WÉpdrKh

fkd jk njhs' tfy;a msß;a iÊ®dhkfha § iajdóka jykafia,d ksjerÈ uydm%dK

wlaIr WÉpdrKh lrkq weish yels h' uka;% cm lsÍfï §;a wIagl" Yaf,dal" .d:d

.dhkfha §;a uydm%dK ksjerÈj WÉpdrKh l< hq;= hehs iïu;hla mj;S' tfia jqj

o jHjydrfha § kï uydm%dK Yío ksjerÈj WÉpdrKh fkd jk ;rï h'

tfy;a f,aLkfha § uydm%dK yd w,amm%dK wlaIr ksjerÈj fh§u w;HjYH fõ'

tfia fkd fhÿj fyd;a thska lshefjk w¾:h idjµ jk neúks' w¾:fhys fjkila

ke;;a f,aLkfhys ,d iïu; wlaIr úkHdih fhdod .ekSu w;HjYHhs'

isxy, wlaIr ud,dfõ uydm%dK wlaIr 10la iy Bg wkqrEm w,amm%dK wlaIr 10la

we;'

w,amm%dK wlaIr l p g ; m . c v o n

uydm%dK wlaIr L P G : M > ® V O N

wlaIr WÉpdrKfha § fõ.fhka yd jeä m%dKhlska y`v yd jdhqj msg lsÍfuka

uydm%dK Yío Wm§' tfia fkdue;s j wvq fõ.hlska wvq m%dKhlska y`v yd jdhqj

msg lsÍfuka w,amm%dK Yío Wm§'

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' my; i|yka w,amm%dK wlaIr fhÿKq mo yd tu wlaIrj, uydm%dK wlaIr

fhÿKq mo WÉpdrKh lrkak'

w,amm%dK wlaIrh iys;

jpk

uydm%dK wlaIrh iys;

jpk

m%odk

ksodk

wre;

.K

wnrK

wìnjd

ia;+mh

uÿre

Nh

m;k

iskaÿ

m%Odk

ksOdk

w¾:

>k

wdNrK

wNsNjd

:Qmh

uOQr

nh

m%d¾:kd

iskaOQr

2' my; i|yka moj, ysia;ekg fhÈh hq;= wl=r jryka ;=<ska f;dard ,shkak'

¸' j¾ kh ô" O& ¸¸' u¾ kh ô" O&

¸¸¸' mß Klh ^." >& ¸¹' ix hkdj ^.d" >d&

¹' f,a ï ^l" L& ¹¸' f,a lhd ^l" L&

¹¸¸' w¾ o ^nq" N=& ¹¸¸¸' m%;s , ^M" m&

¸º' uÊ u ^ð" ¯& º' idlÉ j ^pd" Pd&

º¸' YsIa pdrh ^Gd" gd& º¸¸' fm%! ^v" V&

º¸¸¸' lKa c ^g" G& º¸¹' uQ¾ c Ô" c&

º¹' iqfLdam .S ^fNda" fnda&

3' wod< fldgq foflys ta ta wlaIrh fhÿKq jpk fol ne.ska ,shkak'

G L

> V

P M

® O

N :


w¨;a wjqreÿ W;aijh

udkjhd Ôú;fha § úúOdldr W;aij

meje;aùu iy ieuÍu isÿ lrhs' tn÷

W;aij fohdldr fõ' Ôú;fha jeo.;a

wjia:d iurñka mj;ajkq ,nk Ôjk

ixl%dka;s W;aij iy iudchl ck

fldÜGdihla f,i tu iudchg

wkq.;j iurkq ,nk W;aij hkq ta

foj¾.h hs' w¨;a wjqreÿ W;aijh fï

w;ßka fojk j¾.hg wh;a h'

f,dj iïu; w¨;a wjqreoao jkafka Èk

o¾Ykh mgka .efkk m<uq jeks Èkh

jk ckjdß m<uq jeksod hs' fndfyda

fmrÈ. iy wmrÈ. rgj, fï Èkh

W;aijYS%fhka iurkq ,efí' wiajkq

lmd md.d tu w¨;a wiajekak ,eîfï

mS%;sh ksñ;af;ka yd wiajkq ire

l< n,fõ.hkag ia;=;s lsÍu ms‚i

w;S;fha isg fï W;aijh mj;ajd we;'

YS% ,xldfõ w¨;a wjqreÿ W;aijh

fhfokqfha nla fyj;a wmaf¾,a

udifha § h' isxy, fuka u fou<

ckhd o Tjqkag wkkH pdß;% jdß;%

bgq lrñka fï W;aijh iur;s'

fuys we;s úfYaI;ajh jkafka foaYSh

wkkH;dj ms<sìUq jk pdß;% fuka

u fjk;a ixialD;s ksfhdackh lrk

ixialD;sldx. wdY%h lr .ekSfuka

ks¾udKh jQ pdß;% jdß;% o olakg

,eîu hs'

3


wjqreÿ ksjdvqj Wod úh' f;uila muK mdif,a lghq;= flfrys fhduq jQ is; oeka

.ïudkh mqrd we;s fkdfhla foaj,a foig úisfrkakg mgka f.k we;' ksjig

hdnoj msysá fj,ahdh woaorg .sh ug oel .; yels jQfha bmke,a, hs' f.dhï lmd"

md.d wiajkq ksfjiaj,g .;a miq fj,ahdh wfma fl<sìu fjhs' wjqreÿ ld,hg wm

t,af,a lS%vd lrkafka fï fj,a t<sfha h' lu; woaor Wig jeã ;snqKq trfndÿ

.ia r;a meye u,ska ieriS idvïnr ,S,djla fmkajhs' .ïudkfha f.j;= iy wi,

le,E frdoj, jeù ;snqKq ó wU" lcq" fmar wdÈ .ia m,nr ù ;sfnkafka .fï fld¨

l=reÜgkag;a f,akqka iy fkdfhla l=re,a,kag;a wjqreÿ ix.%yh lsÍug fuks' ta

ksid wjqreÿ ld,hg fï ish¨ fokdf.a u .; is; mS%;sfhka mskd hhs' m,nr jQ

.iaj, ix.%yh N=la;s ú¢k i;=ka iy mlaISkaf.a mS%;s kdoh w;ßka ful, wmf.a

lkg ks;r wefikafka fldydf.a kdoh hs' fujeks is;sú,s oduhl meg,S yqka uu

ksji foiska weiqKq wïudf.a y`äka wjÈ jQfhñ'

“mq;d" fufy tkak' wo f.dvla jev ;sfhkjd' mrK wjqreoaog kdkakhs jev w;a

yßkakhs ;sfhkafk;a wohs' jev w;a yßk fj,dj fjk fldg fiaru jev bjr lr

.kak ´kE'”

ta weu;=fuka ud ksjig ÿjk úg iShd m[apdx. ,s; n,ñka isáfha h' wïud iy

;d;a;d ksji wia lrñka isáhy' wïudg Wojq lsÍfï woyiska ÿjf.k wdj;a iShd

<Õ k;r jQ uu iShdf.ka ñysß l;d je,la weiSug uq, msrefjñ'

“iSfha" yeu wjqreoaol u iShd wjqreÿ ldf,g Th ,s; n,kjd' we;a;g u iSfha Th

,sf;a ;sfhkafka fudkjd o@”

“fï ,sf;a jeo.;a foaj,a f.dvla ;sfhkjd mqf;a' tajdhskq;a jeäfhka u jeo.;a

fjkafka wjqreÿ isß;a úß;a lrk kele;a fõ,dj¨hs' n,kak fï ;sfhkafka ta

kele;a' kj i| ne,Su" mrK wjqreoao i|yd iakdkh" w¨;a wjqreÿ Wodj" mqKH

ld,h" wdydr msiSu" jev we,a,Su" .kqfokq lsÍu yd wdydr wkqNjh" ysif;,a .Eu'

wka;sug ;sfhkafka /lS rlaId i|yd msg ù hEfï kel; hs'” iShd b;d jqjukdfjka

ms<s;=re ÿkafka h'

“iSfha" w¨;a wjqreoao Wod fjkafk lShg o@” uu ta .ek úuis,su;a jqfKñ'

“fyg Wfoa oyhhs úis ;=kg ;uhs w¨;a wjqreÿ Wodj isoaO fjkafk'” iShd ms<s;=re

ÿkafka h'

“t;fldg wo@”


“wo mrK wjqreoao' fï wjqreoao bjr fjkafka wohs' wo yji folhs y;<sia tl

fjk fldg fï wjqreoafo jev bjr lrkak ´k' talg lshkafka jev w;a yßkjd

lsh,hs' ta jf.au ;uhs mqf;a mrK wjqreoao fjkqfjka kdkafk;a wohs'”

uu ie,ls,af,ka ,s; foi ne¨fjñ'

mrK wjqreoao i|yd iakdkh'

wfma%,a oy;=ka jeks nodod kq.m;a ñY% kdkq .d mrK wjqreoao i|yd iakdkh lsÍu

uekú'

“iSfha" fï ,sf;a ;sfhk kdkq lshkafka fudkjd o@”

iShdf.a uqj. isyska iskdjla we¢‚'

“kdkq lshkafka mqf;a .iaj, fld< fldg,d tajdhska ñßld .kak hqI' fï kdkq

úÈhg .kak yeu Ydlhl u fudlla yß T!Iëh jákdlula ;sfhkjd'” iShd ;j;a

lreKq meyeÈ,s lf<a h'

“wo kEjd u wdfha kdkak ;sfhkafka ;j ojia follska' ta ,nk myf<dia fjksod'

biair ldf,a ta ojig lsõfj bi f;,a .dk wjqreoao lsh,hs'”

“Tõ" Tõ" ug u;lhs .sh wjqreoafo;a wmg fjo iShd ysi f;,a .Ejd' l¿ lmqgd iqÿ

fjk ;=re fuda,a .fya o¨ ,k ;=re tlish úiaig foish úiaila wdjvdhsfnda lsh,d

;uhs fjo iShd bi f;,a .Efj'” uu u;lh wjÈ lf<ñ'

“mqf;a" fï bi f;,a .Eu jeo.;a wjqreÿ pdß;%hla' fï lghq;a; isÿ jqfKa mkaif,a

yduqÿrefjda" .fï fjo uy;a;hd tfyu;a ke;akï f,dl= biafldaf, uy;a;hd

w;ska' iuyr m<d;aj, fï isß; mgka .kafk úydrf.hs nqÿ ms<suh biairyg

lKaKdähla w,a,,d ta Pdhdfj ysig f;,a .Efukqhs' ta fj,djg mkaif,a

fjä,a,la m;a;= fjkjd' t;fldg .fï Woúh okakjd oeka f;,a .dk kel;hs

fï Wod jqfKa lsh,d'” jvd rinr fjñka iShdf.a y`v .,d .sfha h'

“iSfha fkdk.;hg mkai,a hEu lsh, fï ,sf;a ;sfhkafka@” uu uf.a .eg¨j

bÈßm;a lf<ñ'

“fkdk.;h lshkafk mqf;a kel;a ke;s fj,dj' tal mrK wjqreoaog whs;s;a kE'

w¨;a wjqreoaog whs;s;a kE' fï folg u ke;s fj,djla ksid ta fj,dj jvd mßiaiï


úh hq;= ld,hla úÈhg i,l,d ;uhs .fï ñksiaiq ta fj,djg mkai,a .sfha'

biair wfma wïu,d fï fj,djg <sf|ka j;=r .kafk kE' fkdk.f;a fj,djg msg

f.j,aj,g hkafk;a kE'” iShd ;j;a úia;r bÈßm;a lf<a h'

“iSfha wfma úÿy,am;s;=ud l;djl È lsõjd wjqreoaola ;siafia jev lr,d ñksiaiqkag"

.y fld<g" we< fod<g wdÈ yeu foag u wjYH úfõlh" úY%duh ,efnkafk lsis

u jevl fkd fhfok fï fkdk.f;a § lsh,d” uu mejiqfjñ'

“ta l;dj yßhg u yß mqf;a' wms ldg;a úfõlh ´kE' talg fyd| u fj,dj ;uhs

fkdk.f;a” iShd tlÕ úh'

“iSfha w¨;a wjqreoafo uq,a ;ek ,efnkafk <sm .sks fud<j,d" jev w,a,,d" wdydr

wkqNj lsÍug fkao@”

“Tõ mqf;a" biair wfma f.j,aj, wjqreoaola jev .;a; <sm mrK wjqreÿ od f.du

ueá .d,d kej; ms<silr lr,d .kakjd' ta <sfma w¨;a uqÜáhl ;uhs wjqreÿ

lsßn; yefokafk' fï lsßn; Whkafk w¨;a wiajekafk yd,aj,ska' b;ska fï

lsßn;hs wïu,d w;a;ïu,d tl;= fj,d yomq tl tl úÈfh ri leú,shs msreK

wjqreÿ lEu fïfia b|ka" w¨;a we÷ï we|f.k kel;g wdydr wkqNj lrkjd'” iShd úia;r lf<a h'

“iSfha wdydr wkqNj lrkak l,ska jev w,a,kjd fkao@ .sh wjqreoafoa iShd ta

fõ,dfõ wr wU mef<a ysfgõjd ug u;lhs”

“wdydr wkqNj lrk kel;hs" jev w,a,k kel;hs" .kqfokq lrk kel;hs tlu

fj,djla' b;ska mqf;a fndfydu fofkla jev w,a,,d ;uhs wfkla jev lrkafk'”

“iSfha fï jev bjr jqKd u wms jeäysáhkag nq,;a §,d j¢kjd fkao@ tfyu

lrkafk w¨;a wjqreoaog wdYS¾jdo ,nd .kak o@” uu uf.a .eg¨j bÈßm;a lf<ñ'

“wdYS¾jdoh jf.a u mqf;a" ;j fohla ;sfhkjd' ;uka w;ska hï jeäysáhl=g jrola

isoaOfj,d ;shkjd kï Bg iudj .kafk;a nq,;a w;la §fuka' biair ldf, wfma

.ïj, ñksiaiq w;fr fudk fudk ;ry ury ;snqK;a wjqreÿ odg f.org weú;a"

nq,;a w;la §,d je|,d" tlg lEu îu wrf.k ta ;ry bjr lrkjd'” iShd meyeÈ,s

lf<a h'


“yß u fyd|hs fk iSfha ta jefâ' tal fkfuhs iSfha .sh wjqreÿj, ug u;lhs"

wdydr wkqNj lr,d tfyu w;a;ïud <s| <Õg .syska fudkjd foda l<d" ta fudlla

o iSfha@” iShdf.a uqjg h<s;a iskyjla ke.s‚'

“mqf;a" w;a;ïud ta lf<a .kqfokqjla" ta <s| tlal hs' w;a;ïud <s|g .syska j;=r

.kak l,ska <s|g hï fohla odkjd' tafla ;shkjd ;U ldishla" ly lE,a,la"

iuka msÉp u,la" wÕ=re lE,a,la" lsßn;a álla tfyu' tal od,d ;uhs wjqreoafo

m<uqfjks j;=r Ndckh mqrjkafk' ta j;=r Ndckh f.or wrka .syska ;shkjd'

B<Õ wjqreoaog Ndckh wrka tafla j;=r wvq fj,d o keoao n,kjd' j;=r wvq fj,d

kï wiqn ,l=Kla úÈhg;a j;=r iïmQ¾Kfhka u ;sfhkjd kï iqn ksñ;a;la

f,i;a i,lkjd'” iShd È. úia;rhla lf<a h'

“iSfha t;fldg wjqreoaog lrk fi,a,ï@” uu úuiqfjñ'

“wjqreÿ ld,hg hd¿ ñ;%hka" kEoEhka" wi,ajeishka tlal tl tl fi,a,ï lrkjd'

ta wh w;fr ;sfhk tluq;=lu jeä fjkak fï fi,a,ï lsÍu tl fya;=jla' fï

ld,fha § leg .eiSu" mkaÿ .eiSu" t,af,a .eiSu" fmdrfmd,a .eiSu" j<lcq .eiSu"

mxp oeóu" .,a lsÍu" T<s| fl<sh jf.a tl tl lS%vd lrkjd'”

“wehs iSfha TxÑ,s me§u@” uu iShdg ;j;a lS%vdjla u;la lr ÿkafkñ'

“mqf;a wo jf.a fkfjhs biair uyd rEiai .iaj, TxÑ,s ne|,d TxÑ,s meoafo;a

;rf.g' ta ú;rla fkfjhs fomsf,a lÜáh ;rf.g TxÑ,s jdrï lshkjd" yßu

úfkdaohs'”

ñ;=re fukqU wm tla j ish,a,d

l;=re f,ig ne| rka TxÑ,a,d

k;r ,ñka .=jfka TxÑ,a,d

fujr mÈuq wms rx TxÑ,a,d

iShdf.a y`v .S;j;a úh'

“iShd lsh,d ÿkak foaj,a jf.a u mqf;a w¨;a wjqreÿ W;aijfh È wmsg fjk;a

cd;Skaf.ka tl;= jqKq foaj¨;a ;sfhkjd'”

;d;a;d mfil isg wfma l;d nyg yjq,a úh'

“ta fudkj o ;d;af; ta@” uf.a l=;+y,h wjÈ fjñka ;sì‚'


“mq;d okakj o wjqreÿ lEu fïfi ;sfhk lEu j¾.j,ska iuyr tajd wmg ngysr

cd;Ska y÷kaj,d ÿkakq lEu cd;s lsh,d' wms ljqre;a wdidfjka lk fldlsia wmsg

,enqfK ,kafoaiskaf.ka' flala bx.sßiskaf. lEula' wjqreoaog yok y;aud¨jg

odk lcq wmg y÷kaj,d ÿkafk mq¾;=.Siska' ta jf.a u ;uhs mqf;a" wjqreÿ ldf,g

wfma f.j,aj, wÉpdre odkj fka' wÉpdre odkak wms bf.k .;af;;a mq¾;=.Sis

cd;slhskaf.ka” ;d;a;d úia;r lr f.k .sfha h'

“yß mqÿuhs fk ;d;af;' uu oek f.k ysáfha kEfka ta njæ” uu úiauh m< lf<ñ'

“;j foaj,a ;sfhkjd mqf;a' mq;d,d yß wdidfjka m;a;= lrk r;s[a[d" ks,d l+re

jf.a foaj,a wmg Ökfhka ,enqKq foaj,a'”

“;d;af;a" wms wjqreoaog lrk lS%vd w;fr;a ;sfhkj o msgrgj,ska wdmq lS%vd@” ug

we;s jQfha tn÷ mekhls'

“fyd| m%Yakhla mqf;a tal' tfyu lS%vdjla ;uhs lU we§u' biair kdúlhska uqyqÿ

.ukaj, fhÈ,d f.dvìulg wdju Tjqkaf.a w; mh kej; mK .kajd .kak"

tfyu ke;akï ls%hdYS,S lr .kak foms,la fnÈ,d lU we§fï ksr; jqKd' ta lS%vdj

;uhs lU we§u úÈhg wo wfma wjqreÿ lS%vdj,g tl;= fj,d ;sfhkafk'” ;d;a;d

meyeÈ,s lf<a h'

“;d;af;a" uu kï wo w¨;a wjqreÿ W;aijh .ek fkd okakd lreKq f.dvla bf.k

.;a;d' ug oeka biafldaf, .syska uf.a hd¿jkag;a ta foaj,a lshd fokak mq¿jka'

ta jf.a u uu udOjka tlal l:d lr,d yskaÿ wh wjqreoao iurk yeá;a wy.kak

´kE' iShdg;a ;d;a;dg;a f.dvla ia;=;shs'” uu uf.a i;=g iy ia;=;sh Tjqka fj;

mqo § w¨;a wjqreoao ieuÍug iQodkï jQfhñ'


wjfndaOh

1' ‘ñksidg úY%duh wjYH hs’ hk yeÕSu .eí jqKq wjqreÿ pdß;%h l=ula oehs

úia;r iys;j olajkak'

2' msßisÿnj yd kejqïnj m%lg jk wjqreÿ pdß;% lsysmhla kï lrkak'

3' wjqreÿ isß;aj, § foaYSh ffjµ l%uhg uq,a ;ek ,efnk wjia:d folla

i|yka lrkak'

4' wjqreoaog nq,;a § je£fï jeo.;alï fudkjd o@

5' wjqreÿ lS%vd lsÍfuys w¾:h f,i Tn olskafka l=ula o@

m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' Tfí m%foaYhg úfYaI jQ iy mdvfuys i|yka isß;aj,g jvd fjkia f,i

isÿ flfrk wjqreÿ isß;a úß;a ms<sn| úia;r tla /ia lrkak'

2' YS% ,xldfõ fjk;a ixialD;sl W;aij ms<sn|j ,shjqKq mqj;am;a yd iÕrd

,sms tl;= lr fmd;la ks¾udKh lrkak'

3' fjk;a rgl wjqreÿ W;aijh iurkq ,nk wdldrh ms<sn|j mka;sfha ì;a;s

mqj;am;g ,smshla ,shkak'

4' fjk;a ixialD;sj,ska YS% ,xldfõ wjqreÿ isß;a w;rg tla jQ wx. ,laIK

fidhd ,shkak'

5' w¨;a wjqreÿ isß;aj, iudk wiudk;d ikaikaokh lrñka isxy, iy

yskaÿ w¨;a wjqreoao hk ud;Dldj hgf;a rpkdjla ,shkak'

wlaIr úkHdi Í;s ²

7 fYa%‚fha § Tn wlaIr úkHdihg wod< Í;s rdYshla bf.k f.k we;' fï jif¾

§ Tn bf.k .kafka Bg iïnkaO ;j;a Í;s lsysmhls'

k" K Ndú;h

.‚kjd hk woyi we;sj ks¾udKh ù we;s kdu moj, olakg ,efnkafka

uQ¾Oc ‘K’ ldrh hs'

mß.Klh" .‚;h" .KldêldÍ

lsÍu hk woyi /.;a ‘lrKh’ hk jpk LKavh iys;j ks¾udKh jQ kdu mo

ish,af,ys u uQ¾Oc ‘K’ ldrh we;=<;a fõ'

YS;lrKh" l<ukdlrKh" f.da,ShlrKh" kùlrKh

uQ¾Oc ‘I’ ldrhg miqj uQ¾Oc ‘K’ fh§u wksjd¾h hs'

¥IK" NSIK" ,laIK" ;SlaIK

,"< Ndú;h

‘r’ ldrfhka wjika jk j¾;udk ld, ls%hd mo wdY%fhka ìys jk w;S; ld,

ls%hd moj, we;af;a ‘<’ ldrh hs'

lrkjd - lf<a h .=.=rkjd - .=.=f<a h

úpdrkjd - úpdf<a h j.=rkjd - j.=f<a h

jodrkjd - jodf<a h w;=rkjd - w;=f<a h


wlaIr úkHdi Í;s ²

7 fYa%‚fha § Tn wlaIr úkHdihg wod< Í;s rdYshla bf.k f.k we;' fï jif¾

§ Tn bf.k .kafka Bg iïnkaO ;j;a Í;s lsysmhls'

k" K Ndú;h

.‚kjd hk woyi we;sj ks¾udKh ù we;s kdu moj, olakg ,efnkafka

uQ¾Oc ‘K’ ldrh hs'

mß.Klh" .‚;h" .KldêldÍ

lsÍu hk woyi /.;a ‘lrKh’ hk jpk LKavh iys;j ks¾udKh jQ kdu mo

ish,af,ys u uQ¾Oc ‘K’ ldrh we;=<;a fõ'

YS;lrKh" l<ukdlrKh" f.da,ShlrKh" kùlrKh

uQ¾Oc ‘I’ ldrhg miqj uQ¾Oc ‘K’ fh§u wksjd¾h hs'

¥IK" NSIK" ,laIK" ;SlaIK

,"< Ndú;h

‘r’ ldrfhka wjika jk j¾;udk ld, ls%hd mo wdY%fhka ìys jk w;S; ld,

ls%hd moj, we;af;a ‘<’ ldrh hs'

lrkjd - lf<a h .=.=rkjd - .=.=f<a h

úpdrkjd - úpdf<a h j.=rkjd - j.=f<a h

jodrkjd - jodf<a h w;=rkjd - w;=f<a h


iuQyhla yeÕfjk /<" fm<" uq<" je< moj, fhfokafka uQ¾Oc ‘<’ ldrh hs'

we;a /<" ;=re fm<" fidr uq<" n,d je< ^fldlal= iuQyh&

tfy;a iuQyd¾:jdÖ ‘le,’ hk mofhys fhfokafka oka;c ‘,’ ldrh hs'

Y" I" i Ndú;h

‘la’ Yíohg miqj fhfokafka uQ¾Oc ‘I’ wlaIrh hs'

wlaIrh" wlaIsodk" rlaIKh" m%;slafIam" NslaIqj

‘m’ j¾.hg wh;a wl=rlg uq,ska uQ¾Oc ‘I’ wl=r fhfoa'

mqIamh" ksIamdokh" ksIaM,

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' Y" I" i wl=re ksjerÈ f,i fhdod ysia;eka mqrjkak'

¸' ío úld k hka;%fha y`v wid IH IHdfjda h¨ fokd u

ks ío jQy' úfYa ksfõok lsysmhla fufia ksl=;a úh'

¸¸' mdi,a ixj¾Ok iñ;sfha jd¾ l /iaùu ,nk bßod ; ixj;air

,dfõ § meje;afõ'

¸¸¸' ÿ lr .ïudkhl mdi,aj, orejkag fnod §u i|yd mq ;ld,

fmd;a yd wj H NdKav ,nd §ug lghq;= l< mdif,a lks G

isiqkag uia; mdif,a u ia;=;sh mqo flf¾'

¸¹' bf.kSfï ÿ¾j,;d we;s orejka fjkqfjka foujqmshkaf.a

md¾ jfhka flfrk lem ùu ks Ñ; f,i úks ph lsÍfï

l%ufõohla ilia lsÍug úÿy,am;s;=ud ;SrKh lr we;'


2' my; i|yka fþoj, wlaIr úkHdih jerÈ ;eka we;akï tajd ksjerÈ lr

kej; ,shkak'

¸' “krlla lf,d;a ,efnk úmdl;a krlhs” iqÿ je,s w;=, fnda u¨fj

b|f.k .ï jeishka flfrys m;, uyd lrekdfjka nk jod, f,dl=

yduqÿrefjda tfia lshd foiqu wjika l,d' f,dl= yduqÿrejkaf.ka

nk oyï yod, iquk fmdä yduqÿrejka u;=, nqÿ .=k mdgh wy,d

.ïjeisfhda idÿldr ÿkakd'

¸¸' reyqkq fmfoiska jeäh Y%ukhka jykafia j,a ìysjqkq mkai,la fidhd

.;a;d' úydria;dkh h,s k.d isgqùfï wruqk we;s Wkajykafia

mkai,a ìfï fndaÈhla frdamkh l,d' idufkarhka jykafia,d

lsysmkula fidhd f.k Wkajykafia,dg md,s Ndidj b.ekaùug;a

.ug u mß.kl oekqu ,ndÈh yels uµia;dkhla msysgqùug;a

Wkajykafia bgd .;a;d' fï iajdóka jykafiaf.a l,ukdlrkh

hgf;a mkai, Èfkka Èk Èhqkq jqkd¦ kùlrkh jqkd'

7 fYa%‚fha § bf.k .;a wlaIr úkHdi Í;s o weiqßka my; i|yka wNHdij,

fhfokak'

3' my; i|yka jpk ksjerÈ lr kej; ,shkak'

¸' lkavkh ¸¸' wdlHd;h

¸¸¸' f.daidj ¸¹' ix.hd jykafia

¹' pkaoh ¹¸' mßÉfÉoh

¹¸¸' .sÊcl+gh ¹¸¸¸' m%;sm,

¸º' nhdkl º' wdnrk

2' my; i|yka mµ mdGj, wlaIr úkHdih ksjerÈ lr kej; ,shkak'

¸' merl=ïUd krksÿ io ol= ñ;=r

¸¸' fmrj io lsrk msms l=uq÷ u,a jáka

¸¸¸' r.k ,ÿka n< rE isß ish,a,d

¸¹' lojqre l=< ue÷re ñks myfKõ iqieÈ


YíofldaI Ndú;h

NdIdjla yodrk YsIHhkag fuka u

f,aLlhkag o tu NdIdfjys fhfok

jpkj, ksjerÈ yd ksYaÑ; w¾:h oek

.ekSug u. fmkajk .%ka:h YíofldaI

kñka ye¢kafjhs' fuys ‘Yío’ hk

moh fh§ we;af;a ‘mo’ fyj;a ‘jpk’ hk w¾:fhks' tl u NdIdfjys w¾:

olajk YíofldaI fuka u fjk;a

nil jpkj, w¾: mjiñka iïmdÈ;

YíofldaI o fõ' tAjd NdIdka;r

YíofldaI f,i ye¢kaúh yels h'

isxy, NdIdfjys fhfok jpkj,

wre;a oek .ekSug bjy,a jk m%Odk

lD;sh isxy, YíofldaIh hs' th

ldKav 26lska iukaú; fjhs' mer‚

isxy,fhys fhÿK jpkhl wre; oek

.ekSug wmg WmldÍ jk m%Odk u

YíofldaIh iqux., YíofldaIh hs'

th je,súáfha fidar; kdysñhka

úiska iïmdokh lrk ,oaols' bx.sßis

nfiys fhfok jokl isxy, wre;

oek .ekSug wmg jeo.;a jk m%Odk

YíofldaIh u,,fialr bx.S%is - isxy,

YíofldaIh hs' iuia; NdIdfõ jpk

fjkqjg" f;dard .;a úIh lafIa;%hlg

wh;a jpk ix.%y flfrk YíofldaI

o fjhs' ckY%e;s YíofldaI" úoHd

YíofldaI" mß.Kl YíofldaI wdÈh

ksoiqka h'

4


hï f,aLkhl we;s wlaIr úkHdiuh yd w¾:uh jHjydr ksjerÈj oek .ekSug

YíofldaIh ukd .=rejrfhls' YíofldaI mßYS,kfhka ,o yels m%fhdack rdYshls'

ta w;r"

• wlaIr úkHdih ksjerÈ lr .ekSug yels ùu

• mohl w¾: wjfndaO lr .ekSug yels ùu

• úúO úIhkag wod< ixl,am meyeÈ,s lr .ekSug yels ùu

• mohl jHdlrK ,laIK" ksrela;s fyj;a mo ilia jQ wdldrh oek

.; yels ùu

wdÈh jeo.;a fõ'

fï jk úg Tn ,nd f.k we;s wlaIr úkHdih ms<sn| oekqu jvd;a ;yjqre lr

.ekSug YíofldaIfhka ,nd .; yels msgqn,h w;suy;a h' mßmQ¾K YíofldaIhl

hï Yíohlg wod< wlaIr úkHdifha úl,am rEm tAjdfha uQ,h iu. .eí fõ'

my; olajd we;af;a fndfyda fokd f,aLk lghq;=j, § wlaIr úkHdih jerÈ f,i

fhdok wjia:d lsysmhls' tA iu. we;s YíofldaI WoaOD; u.ska ksjerÈ moh l=ula

oehs Tng oek .; yels h'

jerÈ jHjydrh - ;Hd. m%Odkh

ksjerÈ jHjydrh - ;Hd. m%odkh

îsxy, YíofldaIh 17 ldKavh&

^m%dfhda.sl isxy, YíofldaIh 2 ldKavh&

fuys m%Odk hkak ksjerÈ jHjydrhla jqj o fh§ we;s mßirh wkqj w¾:h jerÈ

h' ‘§u’ hk wre; fok m%odk hkak ;Hd. m%odkh hk jpk mßirfha § ksjerÈ

jHjydrh fõ' YíofldaI Ndú;fhka fun÷ wlaIr úkHdi .eg¨ ksrdlrKh lr

.; yels h'


jerÈ jHjydrh - ùfrdaOdr

ksjerÈ jHjydrh - ùfrdaodr

îsxy, YíofldaIh" 23 ldKavh" II fldgi&

jerÈ jHjydrh - l‚IaG

ksjerÈ jHjydrh - lksIaG

^m%dfhda.sl isxy, YíofldaIh" 1 ldKavh&

îsxy, YíofldaIh" 5 ldKavh&

jerÈ jHjydrh - mß>Klh

ksjerÈ jHjydrh - mß.Klh


îxlaIsma; isxy, YíofldaIh" 2 ldKavh&

jerÈ jHjydrh - lD;su$lD;Su

ksjerÈ jHjydrh - lD;s%u




f,aLkfha § w¾:h ms<sn| wkjfndaOfhka mo fhdok wjia:d o nyq, h' my;

oelafjkqfha w¾:h ms<sn| jegySulska f;drj mo Ndú; l< wjia:d lsysmhlg

ksoiqka h' ;o l¿ wl=frka olajd we;s tu moj, w¾:h YíofldaIh weiqfrka oek

.;a l,ays tajd fhdod ;snQ wdldrh jerÈ nj jegfykq we;'

² oika fhduq l< hq;= fõ. mkaÿ hjk oiqka

fhduq l< hq;af;a oika fkdj kqjka h'

oika hkq o;a h' kqjka hkq weia h'


² .=re¿f.daókaf.a f;,s;=fvka úrÑ; wudj;=r úYsIag O¾u idys;H .%ka:hls'

f;,s;=fvka flfrkqfha is;=jï we£u

hs' fuhg fh§ug iqÿiq jkafka

mkaysf|ka hkak hs' ^m%dfhda.sl isxy, YíofldaIh" 1 ldKavh&

² wudjl i| ke. ths'

wudjlg wyfia i| ke;'

tfyhska fuh wi;H m%ldYhls' ^m%dfhda.sl isxy, YíofldaIh" 1 ldKavh&

‘wudjl’ hkafkys w¾:h fkd oek fhdod we;'

úúO úIhkag wod< ixl,am y÷kd .ekSu i|yd mdßNdIsl YíofldaI tA tA úIhhg

wkqj iïmdokh lr ;sfí'

‘W;aa;r O%ejh’ .‚;h" úoHdj" mßirh yd N+f.da, úoHd úIhhkays Ndú; mdßNdIsl

fhÿuls' th we;eï .%ka:j, ‘W;a;r øjh’ hkqfjka jerÈ f,i fhdod we;s wjia:d

we;' øjh hkq Èhrh hs' ta ksid fuys øjh hkak fhdod we;af;a w¾:h ms<sn|

wkjfndaOfhks'



YíofldaIhla Ndú; lsÍfï § wod< NdIdfõ wldrdÈh fyj;a wlaIr ud,dj fm<

.iajd we;s iïu; ms<sfj< oek isàu w;HjYH h' NdIdfjka NdIdjg wldrdÈ

ms<sfj< fjkia fõ' isxy, f,aLk jHjydrfha we;s wlaIr .Kk yegls' tAjdfha

wldrdÈ ms<sfj< my; oelafõ'

w1 wd2 we3 wE4 b5 B6

W7 W!8 R9 RD10 Ì11 Ï12

t13 ta14 ft15 T16 ´17 T!18

l21 L22 .23 >24 X25 Õ26

p27 P28 c29 ®30 `Co31 `c32

g33 G34 v35 V36 K37 `v38

;39 :40 o41 O42 k43 |44

m45 M46 n47 N48 u49 U50

h51 r52 ,53 j54

Y55 I56 i57 y58 <59 *60

wx19 w#20

‘Ê ¬ [’ wlaIr tla ùfuka iE§ we;s ‘{’ wl=frka werfUk jpk wldrdÈ

ms<sfj<g ieliSfï § tajd fhfokafka ‘c yd ®’ wlaIr fol w;r h'

jHxckdlaIrhlg ms,s fh¥ úg wldrdÈ ms<sfj< oek isàu o m%dfhda.sl jYfhka

jeo.;a fõ' ksoiqkla f,i “la” Yíohg ms,s fh¥ úg wldrdÈ ms<sfj< my; oelafõ'

la l ld le lE ls lS l= l+ lD lDD fl fla ffl fld flda fl!

tA wkqj jHxckdlaIrhlg iajr tla lsÍfï § iïu; iajr ms<sfj< tA whqßka u

wkq.ukh lrk nj meyeÈ,s h' ‘.a’ jHxckhg iajr tla jk wdldrh my;

oelafõ'

.a ¬ w - . .a¬ wd - .d .a¬ we- .e .a¬ wE - .E .a¬ b - .s .a¬ B - .S

.a¬ W - .= .a¬ W! - .+ .a ¬ R - .D .a¬ RD - .DD .a ¬ Ì ³ .a¬ Ì! ³

.a¬ t - f. .a¬ tA - f.a .a¬ft- ff. .a¬T - f.d .a¬ ´ - f.da .a¬T!- f.!

³ ms,s ixfla;hla Ndú; fkd fõ'


my; oelafjk ksoiqkaj,g wjOdkh fhduq lsÍfuka jpk wldrdÈ ms<sfj<g

ksjerÈj ieliSug wjYH oekqu ,efnkq we;'

uq,ska fhfok wl=rg wkqj wldrdÈ ms<sfj< ieliSu

mo fm< wldrdÈ ms<sfj<

ks,a" ly" r;=" iqÿ" oï ly" oï" ks,a" r;=" iqÿ

w,s" fldá" j,ia" kß" W!re w,s" W!re" fldá" kß" j,ia

uq,a jHxckh iudk jqj o tys .eí jk iajrh wkqj wldrdÈ ms<sfj< ieliSu


flkao" lkao" fldkao" l=kao" lekao lkao" lekao" l=kao" flkao"

fldkao

foúkqjr" Èl aje,a," ov,a," fodïfm"

oer‚h.,

ov,a," oer‚h.," Èlaje,a," foúkqjr"

fodïfm

uq,ska fhfok wl=r iudk jQ úg ms<sfj<ska fojk f;jk wl=re ms<sn|j i,ld

nef,a'


k÷ka" khkd" k,ska" k§ld" k§Id k§ld" k§Id" k÷ka" khkd" k,ska

mßmamq" mf;da," m;dl" mmvï"

m;a;lald" m¨

m;a;lald" m;dl" mf;da," mmvï" mßmamq"

m¨


my; oelafjkqfha wdpd¾h yrsYapkaø úch;=x.hka úiska iïmdÈ; uyd isxy,

YíofldaIfhka Wmqgd .;a msgqjls'


wjfndaOh

fï YíofldaI msgqj weiqre lr .ksñka my; oelafjk m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re

imhkak'

1' “lsßlv fya,h” hkakg YíofldaIfha w¾: olajd we;af;a flfia o@

2' “lsß lE uq;a;d” f,i y÷kajd we;af;a ljfrla o@

3' isßmd j¢kakg uq,ajrg hk ;eke;a;d y÷kajkafka flfia o@

4' ls%hdj ye¢kaùug fuys fhÿKq moh olajkak'

5' ‛lsßfld<’ hk moh YíofldaIhg we;=<;a lsÍfï § th fhÈh hq;= jkafka

ljr mohlg miqj o@

m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' Tn yodrk fi!kao¾h úIhhg wod< jpk tla /ia fldg YíofldaIhla

ms<sfh, lrkak'

2' YíofldaIhla Ndú; lrñka Tfí ñ;=re ñ;=ßhkaf.a kïj, w¾: fidhd

.kak'

3' 12 jk mdvfuys tk ‘§>dhq l=udrhdf.a j;’ l;d jia;=j lshjd tys we;s

ÿrjfndaO moj, w¾: YíofldaIhla weiqfrka oek.kak'

4' mka;s ldurh msßisÿ lsÍfï YsIH kdu f,aLkh wldrdÈ ms<sfj<g ilikak'

my; oelafjkqfha fï isxy, fm< fmdf;ys we;=<;a NdId jHdlrKdx. msgq wxl

iys;j ilik ,o iQÑhls' th fm< .iajd we;af;a wldrdÈ ms<sfj<g wkqj h'

.%ka:hla mßYS,kfha § fufia jpk iQÑ.; fldg ;sîu m%dfhda.slj b;d jeo.;a h'

tu.ska wjYH lreKq blaukska yd myiqfjka fidhd .; yels h'

NdId yd jHdlrK iQÑh

wlaIr úkHdih 27" 28" 29 uydm%dK wlaIr 18

w,amm%dK wlaIr 18 ,sx. fNaoh 105" 106" 107" 109

wdYS¾jdo ls%hd 56" 57 jpk fNaoh 108" 109

Wla; wkqla; fNaoh 148" 149" 150 úê ls%hd 53" 54" 55

;ks mo 181 úrdu ,l=Kq 156" 157" 158

kdu mo 84" 85" 86" 87"88 úreoaOd¾: mo 173" 174" 175

mo fn§u 167 úfYaIK mo 91" 92

mqreI fNaoh 145" 146" 147 iudkd¾: mo 128" 129" 130

nyaj¾: mo 101" 102" 103 idïm%odhsl fhÿï 6


rd;s%h

áfnghg ol=‚ka msysá" bkaÈhdfõ

m%dka; rdcHhla jk islSï kï l=vd

rfgys Wm; ,o weia' fla' ;Iskï.H,a

fodf<dia yeúßÈ úfha § ish jeäu,a

fidhqre islSï mqKaKÔ ysñhka iu. YS%

,xldjg meñ‚fha h' Tyq fmd,a.ia¥j

wdrdufha fjfiñka úfoHdaoh msßfjk"

urodk uydfndaê úoHd,h" urodfka

mqrdK rcuy úydrh weiqf¾

wOHdmkh imqrd f.k islSï uyskao

kñka fodvka¥j ffY,ìïndrdufha §

meúÈ ìug t<eô‚' ál l,la fld<U

wdkkao úÿyf,a .=rejrhl= f,i o

lghq;= l< Wka jykafia m%lg jQfha

áfnÜ cd;sl tia' uyskao hk kñks'

ksoyfia uka;%h" ,xld ud;d" ksoyfia

oeyek" ore ke<ú,a, fyj;a cd;sl

f;dá,a, wdÈ foaYdNsudkS mµ lD;s o

Tjd uq;= ou" lõñK" lõuq;= yd <ud

lõ l,U wdÈ <ud ldjH lD;s ud,d o

Wka jykafiaf.a ks¾udK fjhs' uyskao

ysñhka <uhska Wfoid ,shQ ckms%h

ldjH ks¾udKhla jk rd;s%h kue;s

meÈ fm< fuu mdvug we;=<;a h' tu

ks¾udKh ri ú£fuka fkd kej;S

Tfí ks¾udK yelshdj Tma kxjd

.ksñka ldjH ks¾udK ri ú£ug o fï

mdvu Tng ud¾f.damfoaY imhhs'

5


rd;s%h

iuka msÉp u,a bysreKq

ks,a ;Kfld< msÜgkshla

jf.hs wyi wkak n,kq

fldÉpr ,iaik o ?g

nluQfKda mshdU;S

wksla l=re,af,da kso;S

fnda w;=j, t,a,S f.k

udjjqf,da lE.i;S

uf. yqr;,a wlaldf.a

udf,a uq;= weg jdf.a

fï jefgkafk msks ìkaÿ;a

youq tlla ta jdf.a

y|ydó wm Èydj

tî n,hs md yskdj

isys,a iq<x oe,a ú¢kag

fodrg hkag fyd| fj,dj

wyfia ;re je,a msß,d

fmdf<dfõ iqÿ u,a msms,d

uÕ=,a f.j,a folla jf.hs

fï fom< u yev .eys,d

wjfndaOh

lú fm< weiqfrka ms<s;=re ,shkak'

1' rd;s% wyi lúhd iudk lr olajkafka l=ulg o@

2' tla tla l=re¨ j¾.h l=ula lrñka isá;a oe’hs fjka fjkaj ,shd olajkak'

3' ;=kajeks lúfha Wmudj iy Wmfïh Wmqgd olajkak'

4' uÕ=,a f.j,a folla f,i olajd we;s ia:dk fudkjd o@

5' lúhd" fuu mµ mka;shg mdol lr f.k we;s w;aoelSï úia;r lrkak'

tia' uyskao ysñ


ri ú¢uq" lú ;kuq ²

Ôjk w;aoelSula weiqßka wm isf;ys my< jk m%n, yeÕSula wka whf.a o is; ii,

jk fia m%ldY lsÍug fhdod .kakd tla u.ls" lúh'

lúfhka m< flfrk w;aoelSu ;j flkl=f.a isf;ys yg .kajkafka fmr fkd

ÿgq" fkd weiq úrE yeÕSuls' fuu wmQ¾j;ajh pu;aldrh f,i o ye¢kafõ' fï ksid

lúh lshjk fyda wik fyda ;eke;a;df.a isf;ys oeä i;=gla fyj;a m%y¾Ihla yg

.kS' mer‚ m`äjre fuh rih hehs ye¢kajQy' tneúka ‘lúh’ rij;a jQ jelsh hs'

lú ri ú£ug yqrejla fyj;a mqreoaola ;sìh hq;= h' ldjHidys;HdÈ l,d" ri

ú£fuka iqug jQ yola we;af;da iyDofhda fj;s'

lú ;kkakg" Tn ,enQ w;aoelSulska Tfí is; m%n, f,i lïmkh úh hq;= h'

tfuka u th rij;aj m%ldY lsÍug Bg WÑ; nia jyrla Tng ;sìh hq;= h' tjeks

nila ldfjHdala;s kÕk nila f,i ie,fla' ldfjHdala;s ke.Sug lúhd úúO

Wml%u jy,a fldg .kS' thska lsysmhla y;ajk fYa%‚fha § wms W.;af;uq' Wmud"

rEml" wkqm%di" t<siuh" yd úß; bka lsysmhls' fuu Wml%u ksid lúhd m%ldY

lrk oefhys úfYaI w¾:hla fuka u Yío udOq¾hhla o we;s fjhs'

lúhd ,o m%n, yeÕSu by; Wml%u fhdod f.k bÈßm;a l< úg wm is; o lúhdf.a

is; fuka lïmkh fjhs kï wmg o lú ri ú£fï § yelshdj ;sfí'

rij;a lú ;kkakg wm i;=j fndfyda w;aoelSï ;sìh hq;= h' ta w;aoelSï wm

,nd .kafka mßirfhks' fmd; m; lsheùfuka yd úh;=ka weiqfrka wfma oekqug

fndfyda foa tl;= fjhs' rij;a lú ks¾udKh lrkakg kï wm wmQre f,i hula

foi n,kakg mqreÿ úh hq;= hs' lsisjl= fkd ÿgq f,i" úfYaI f,i hula oelsh

hq;= h' lsisjl= fkd lshQ f,i wm hula lsj hq;= h' wms WodyrK f.k n,uq'


ri ú¢uq" lú ;kuq ²

Ôjk w;aoelSula weiqßka wm isf;ys my< jk m%n, yeÕSula wka whf.a o is; ii,

jk fia m%ldY lsÍug fhdod .kakd tla u.ls" lúh'

lúfhka m< flfrk w;aoelSu ;j flkl=f.a isf;ys yg .kajkafka fmr fkd

ÿgq" fkd weiq úrE yeÕSuls' fuu wmQ¾j;ajh pu;aldrh f,i o ye¢kafõ' fï ksid

lúh lshjk fyda wik fyda ;eke;a;df.a isf;ys oeä i;=gla fyj;a m%y¾Ihla yg

.kS' mer‚ m`äjre fuh rih hehs ye¢kajQy' tneúka ‘lúh’ rij;a jQ jelsh hs'

lú ri ú£ug yqrejla fyj;a mqreoaola ;sìh hq;= h' ldjHidys;HdÈ l,d" ri

ú£fuka iqug jQ yola we;af;da iyDofhda fj;s'

lú ;kkakg" Tn ,enQ w;aoelSulska Tfí is; m%n, f,i lïmkh úh hq;= h'

tfuka u th rij;aj m%ldY lsÍug Bg WÑ; nia jyrla Tng ;sìh hq;= h' tjeks

nila ldfjHdala;s kÕk nila f,i ie,fla' ldfjHdala;s ke.Sug lúhd úúO

Wml%u jy,a fldg .kS' thska lsysmhla y;ajk fYa%‚fha § wms W.;af;uq' Wmud"

rEml" wkqm%di" t<siuh" yd úß; bka lsysmhls' fuu Wml%u ksid lúhd m%ldY

lrk oefhys úfYaI w¾:hla fuka u Yío udOq¾hhla o we;s fjhs'

lúhd ,o m%n, yeÕSu by; Wml%u fhdod f.k bÈßm;a l< úg wm is; o lúhdf.a

is; fuka lïmkh fjhs kï wmg o lú ri ú£fï § yelshdj ;sfí'

rij;a lú ;kkakg wm i;=j fndfyda w;aoelSï ;sìh hq;= h' ta w;aoelSï wm

,nd .kafka mßirfhks' fmd; m; lsheùfuka yd úh;=ka weiqfrka wfma oekqug

fndfyda foa tl;= fjhs' rij;a lú ks¾udKh lrkakg kï wm wmQre f,i hula

foi n,kakg mqreÿ úh hq;= hs' lsisjl= fkd ÿgq f,i" úfYaI f,i hula oelsh

hq;= h' lsisjl= fkd lshQ f,i wm hula lsj hq;= h' wms WodyrK f.k n,uq'

“iqfoda iqÿ je j,dl=f<ks

wehs fï is,a .;a;d jeks@

uÕ=,g l¿ fkd ksis neúks

th yer wms huq fu fjisks'”

“bre foú nn<jhs myk

j,d by< flfrhs úhk”

“Èidfjke hs fï ysre tkafk mdhd

yeÍ isà iQßhl;a .fia u,a

/iqhs Èf,kafka ,Kq fuka we§,d

uÕ=,a f.hla foda f,dj fï fj,dfõ” l=udr;=x. uqksodi

fï tla tla lúfhka meyeÈ,s jkafka lúhla ks¾udKh lrkakg kï hula foi

idudkH f,i ne,Sfuka th l< fkd yels nj hs'

“j,dl=¿ iqÿ meyefhka nn<hs'” tfy;a lúhd th olskafka uÕ=,a f.orlg l¿

meyeh fkd .e<fmk ksid j,dl=< iqÿ meyefhka ieriS isákakd fia h' ta uÕ=,a

f.or ux., myk iQ¾hhd hs' j,dl=¿j,ska úhka ne| we;' iQßhldka; u,a msmS ysre

/ia jegqKq mßirh uÕ=,a f.hl isßh .kakd ;ekla f,i lúhd j¾Kkd lrhs'

m;ika wjr .sß keáfhka jefgk l,

ú,sl=ka iqr;a m, jeks fõ ßú u`v,

ie<,sys‚ ixfoaYh

nei hk ysre niakdysr kue;s kgqfõ /£ we;s jefgkakg b;d wdikak" fyd¢ka

bÿKq" b;d r;= jQ m,;=re f.ähla f,i lúhd j¾Kkd lrhs' fï lú fl;rï wmQre o@

lsisjl= fkd is;k f,i lúhd is;hs" ,shhs'

fuhska meyeÈ,s jkafka hula foi wuq;= wdldrhlska ne,Su yd is;Su rij;a ks¾udK

ìys lsÍug fya;= jk nj hs' th lúhl= i;= úfYaI .=Kdx.hls'

tfuka u rij;a lú mn¢kakg fndfyda fmd; m; lshjd ;sìh hq;= h¦ fndfyda foa

wid oek f.k isáh hq;= h¦ mßirh yd ne£ isáh hq;= h' túg lú ,shkakg wjYH


Wmud" rEml yd wkqm%dij;a fhÿï Ndú; lrkafka flfia o" fhÈh hq;= úß; yd

t<siuh /l .kafka flfia o hk .eg¨ ksrdlrKh jkq we;'

fjk fjk fyd| mdg we÷ï

we| .;a fmdä <uhs fm<la

jf.hs fkao fï .ia ál

fkdfhla mdg u,a msms,d

uf.a kx.sf. fmdä yskdj

jf.ah fï msÉp fmdl=r

wef. lïuq,a fofla mdg

fldhska o fï frdai u,g

tia' uyskao ysñ

mdg mdg we÷ï we|.;a <uhska jf.a u,a msmqKq .iq;a frdai u,l meyeh .;a

kx.Sf.a lïuq,a yd msÉp u,a fmdl=rla jeks jQ kx.Sf.a yskdj;a .ek j¾Kkd lroa§

wmg oefkk rih fl;rï o@ Wmud yd rEml fhdod .ekSfuka j¾Kkd lrk fï

ke.‚hka oelSfï wdYdjla wm ;=< we;s fjhs' lú ks¾udKh lrk úg ta lúfhka

lshfjk foa wm is;g oefkk f,i bÈßm;a lrkakg j. n,d .; hq;= h' ta yeÕSu"

ta rih oefkk f,i jpk fh§u l< hq;= h'

nv.sks fj,d ud .sh l, mq;=f. f.g

uek,d ù álla ÿkakhs u,a,lg

.kafoda fkd .kafoda lsh,d is;=‚ ug

uek, o mqf;a" lsß ÿkafka ux kqUg

ck lú

fï lúh wefi;a u is;g oefkkafka ÿlls' b;d ir, jpk fhdod f.k ujlf.a

hy.=Kh .ek;a orejl=f.a ÿ¾.=Kh .ek;a mjik lúhd wm isf;ys ÿlanr njla

we;s lrhs'


.,ajd bfiys f;,a hyñka

t,a,d lfrys mxpdhqOh

w,a,df.k w;ska ud

mdi,g tlal .sh

wl=re kQ.;a wïud Tn h'

uy.u fialr

b,m; f.k weh f.h w;= .dk úg

f,daflu ,iaik wdjd jf.hs f.g

wef. m;=f,a ¥ú,s jákjd ug

uy /ðkf. lsref<a we;s ue‚la leg

u¾i,Ska chfldä msh;=ud

uj .ek lùka fofokl= mjik foa ri ú¢kak' wïud .ek wdorhla isf;ys we;s

fjhs' wïudf.a jákdlu yd fifkyi .ek lúfhka lshfjhs'

f;o n, úl=ï mE merl=ï .euqKq jf.a

To jv jvd ljqre;a wms tld jf.a

fhfoñka jefvys cd;sl n, woka uf.a

ksoyia isßh f.kajuq fidfydhqrka uf.a

tia' uyskao ysñ

fujeks lú ri ú¢oa§ wmg oefkkafka ùr;ajh hs' ùrlu is;g oefkk f,i mo

.<md ;sîu úfYaI ,laIKhls'

mqjla mf;a fyda l=Kq m;alfâ fyda

flfi,a fldf<a fyda ouñka isÕd,;a

b÷,a n;la fiï fidgq yd fl<;a ,d

wkd ì§fuka lsisfjla rls;a Èõ

/hsmsfh,a f;kakfldaka

wirK ysÕkakl= ;u Ôú;h /l .ekSug isÕd f.k tk wdydr nqÈk wdldrh

lSfuka wm isf;ys wkqlïmdj;a ta iu. u ms<sl=<;a we;s fjhs'


fmdfydi;a whf.a uqo,a fof;d;a

.re kdu;a moú;a m;d f.khs

È<sf|da y÷k;a fyd¢ka u ÿla

yels fia fo;a tfyhska hula wef;d;a

l=udr;=x. uqksodi

fuys fmdfydi;=kaf.a ls%hd l,dmh .ek wmg oefkkafka Wmydihls' l,lsÍuls'

wj{d iy.; yeÕSuls'

wdorh" lreKdj" wdYdj" ùr;ajh" ms<sl=," Wmydih jeks yeÕSï we;s jk f,i lú

ks¾udKh flfrhs' tajd kej; kej; lshjd ri ú¢kakg isf;hs' lú ks¾udKh

lroa§ ta ta yeÕSï oefkk f,i jpk fhÈh hq;= hs' ri ú¢kakg rij;a lú

ks¾udKh l< hq;= hs'

t<siuh yd úß; iys; isjqmo lú f,i;a tfia fkdue;sj;a lú ks¾udKh l<

yelshs' Tng;a fï l=uk wdldrhlg fyda lú ks¾udKh l< yels hs' úúO ri

oefkk f,i úúO w,xldr fhÿï Ndú; lrñka" ri jEfyk yeÕSï oefkk lú

,shkakg ks;r ks;r lú ks¾udKh l< hq;= h¦ wNHdi l< hq;= h' túg Tn;a

olaI lúhl= jkq fkd wkqudk h' Tfí w;aoelSï weiqfrka mqxÑ mqxÑ rij;a lú

ks¾udKh lrkakg W;aidy lrkak'

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' my; i|yka lúj,g ud;Dldjla fhdokak' Tn fhdod .;a ud;Dldjg wod<j

;j;a lúhla ks¾udKh lrkak'

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

¸' j,dl=f<ka nei tkjd

ñys;,fha je;sfrkjd

.yfld< u,a mqnqokjd

.x.dj,a mqrjkjd

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

¸¸' fmd;l w.h keye okafka

ñksiqka f,v lrjkafka

frÈ fmfrÈ o jkikafka

[dõZ y`vg ìh jkafka

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''


''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

¸¸¸' f.or nqÿka weh ;uhs

mdif,a È Tn wehhs

fmd;g m;g mK fmdjhs

weh Èú u. ire lrhs

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

2' my; i|yka lúj, b;sß mo fol iïmQ¾K lrkak'

¸' f,a lsß lr fmdjd,d

.=K oï § jvd,d

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

¸¸' fyda fyda .d y`v kef.hs

.y fld< oi w; jefkhs

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

¹' ks,g Èf,k cf,a

´¨ fk¨ï Èf,a

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

3' my; i|yka lúj, úß;g wkqj ysiaj we;s lú iïmQ¾K lrkak'

¸' úfkdaoh ,enqug

f;dr;=re oek .ekSug

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

mß.Kl ths wfm Woõjg

¸¸¸' Tjoka § ukd

rlS oEi fukd

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

¸¹' lshk fnd<| joka

u,ls h uqÿ .=fKka

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

¸¹' wU .i uqÿfka áx áx áx

lEu fidhd f.k áx áx áx

läir .ukska hhs áx áx

fldhsno Wfoa u áx áx áx

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''


¸¸' úyÕ=ka ieß irhs

ú,aj, fk¨ï msìfohs

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

¸¸¸' WKqiqu isis, fidñ .=K msß mskaìuls

od.eí uyd jeõ ;ekjqKq chìuls

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

¸¹' ri m, iqj| l=iqñka ;=re ysi msfrk

WKqiqu isis, iu f,i yeu fj; mqok

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' ir, ud;Dld weiqfrka lú ,shd l=vd lú fmd;la ks¾udKh lrkak'

2' Tn wjg mßirh fyd¢ka ksÍlaIKh lrkak' tys Tn ÿgq is;a .;a jia;=jla

fyda wjia:djla lúhg k.kak'

3' Tn ,shQ lúhg ud;Dldjla o fhdokak' Tn ,shQ tjeks lú tl;= lr lú

fmd;la ks¾udKh lrkak'


l;d nyg wjOdkh

ijka §u oekqu ,nd .kakd tla

ud¾.hls' 7 fYa%‚fha § ‘l;d nyg

ixhuhla’ mdvu u.ska o mqoa., ixjdo

lSmhla bÈßm;a lr we;' .=re;=ud

fyda .=re;=ñh fyda lshd fok mdvu

ukd wjOdkfhka hq;=j wid fkd

isáh fyd;a th u;lfha fkd /f|a'

ksfõokhlg fyda m‚úvhlg fyda

m%;spdr oelaúh hq;af;a o wjOdkfhka

hq;=j ijka §fuks'

tlsfkld w;r we;s jk l;d nfya

§ yd ixjdoj, § wjOdkh fuka u

wdpdrYS,s ùu o wjYH h' tÈfkod

Ôú;fha § wmg úúO wh iu. l;d

ny lrkakg isÿ fõ' ta w;r wm yd

iu jhfia wh fuka u jeäysáhka"

mQcH - mQcl mlaIh yd úúO

wdh;kj, ks,OdÍka wdÈ úúO jhia

yd iudc uÜgïj,g wh;a msßia isáh

yels h' fï wh iu. l;d ny lsÍfï

§ Tjqkaf.a jeäysánjg" mQckSh;ajhg"

;k;=rg wod< jk fia wduka;%Kh yd

m%;spdr oelaùu l< hq;= fjhs' thska

wdpdrYS,sNdjh m< lrkakd fia u

iqyo iudc yd mqoa., iïnkaO;d o

j¾Okh fjhs'

6


l;d nylg ijka § wdpdrYS,sj m%;spdr oelaùfï .=Kh wfma .eñ iudcfha uekúka

ms<sìUq úh' my; oelafjkafka .eñ isiq orejl= yd .=rejrhl= w;r jk l;d nyls'

“uqo,sydñ" fyg iji f.or jevla fudl=;a ;sfhkjd o@”

“jevla kx kE uy;a;hd”

“fyg yji ud;a tlal lelsrdjg hkak ,Eia;s fj,d tkak mq¿jka o@”“mq¿jka uy;a;hd”

“tfykï biafldaf, weß,d ud;a tlal lelsrdjg hkjhs lsh,d f.or whg

lsh,d tkak ´kE'”

“fyd|hs uy;a;hd”

“oeka bkawksoaodfka fld<U hkafka' tfy .syska ÿjk fldg fufyÈ jf.a iru

msg mg .yf.k ÿjkak nE' uqo,sydñg uf.a .dfk l,siula uiai,d fokjd'

fyg .syska ñïu §,d tuq'”

“fyd|uhs uy;a;hd”

“oeka tfykï f.or hkak'” - óg¾ ishh

.ïno mdi,lg w¨f;ka meñ‚ .=rejrhl= Èùfuys olaI isiqjl= lS%vd lghq;=j,g

Wkkaÿ lrjñka WfoHda.fhka yd lem ùfuka lghq;= lrk wdldrh;a ta neõ

okakd isiq orejd .=re;=udf.a l;d nyg wdpdrYS,sj ijka foñka m%;spdr olajk

wdldrh;a by; ixjdofha fmkakqï flf¾'


my; oelafjkafka rcfha ks,Odßhl= yd .eñ ujl w;r ixjdohls'

,Sfjd;a fyd|hs lsh,d' wms kQ.;a ñksiaiq' wmsg ´jdfha yhla y;rla oefkkafka

keye' fïl kï yß u weneoaÈhla yduqÿrejfka" ;uqkakdkafiag nqÿ nj w;afjhs wmsg

iykhla lr ÿkafkd;a” hhs wïud ne.Em;aj lSjd h'

“fldfy o .u@”

tacka; Wkakdkafia fufia wiñka fm;aiu foi o n,d mEk fïih u; ;nd ud Èyd

n,kak úh' uu f,akaiqfjka kyh msiod .;sñ' wfma biafldaf,a isl=rdodg ;sfhk

óáfï fidaur;ak,df.a kx.S l;kaorhla lshkjd jf.a wïud fkdkj;ajd u úia;f¾

lshdf.k .shd h'

tacka; Wkakdkafia ksYaYíoj lka § isáfha h' “wmsg fj,d ;sfhkafk yß u lrorhla'

yqx.d wekmq ñksyd ú;rhs yduqÿrejfka tafl fõokdj okafk' weia f,dl= nKavd ysgmq

úodfkf.ka ;sfhk lror lsh,d bjr lrkak neye'”

“fudkj o úodfkf.a jerÈ@”

“fkdfhla krl jev yduqÿrejfka Th fm;aiï Tlafldu ,sh,d ;sfhkjd'”

“tal we;a; uu leu;s WU,df.a lfgka u fïjd wykak'”

fm;aiu - ,S,a .=Kfialr

b;d hgy;a my;aj wfma wïud oE;a tlafldg je| fm;aiu ms<s.ekakqjd h'

“fudl o fïl bx.S%isfhka ,sh,d ;sfhkafka@ neßo bx.S%isfhka u lshkak'”

“wfka yduqÿrejfka fm;aiï ,shk uy;auhd lsõjd bx.s%isfhka u

.eñ ujl ;u ÿla.ekú,a, tacka;jrhd j¾;udk jHjydrh wkqj Èia;s%la

f,alïjrhd fyda m%dfoaYSh f,alïjrhd yuqfõ lshd f.k hhs' Tyq rcfha by<

ks,Odßhl= jqj o tu ÿla.ekú,a,g idjOdkj ijka foñka m%;spdr olajhs' th

Wiia .=Kdx.hls'

mdif,a § yd bka neyer rcfha yd fm!oa.,sl wdh;kj, ks,OdÍka yuq ù l;d

ny lsÍug wmg ks;r isÿ fõ' tlsfkld yd l:d lsÍfï § wdfõ.d;aul fkd ùu"

wkjYH f;dr;=rej,ska f;drj wjYH lreKq oelaùu" ms%hYS,SNdjh" wdpdr iïmkakj

yeisÍu" ixhuh wdÈ .=Kdx. wka;¾mqoa., iïnkaO;d ÈhqKq lsÍug fya;= fjhs'


oiqka Ydkl je,s.,;ekak lS%vd iudcfha f,alïjrhd h' ;u lS%vd iudcfha jd¾Isl

;Hd. yd iy;sl m;% m%odfkda;aijhg meñfKk f,i m%dfoaYSh f,alïjrhdg

wdrdOkd lsÍu i|yd Tyq m%dfoaYSh f,alï ld¾hd,hg hhs' ks, ldurhg meñfKk

f,i oekqï§fuka miqj Tyq wdrdOkd m;% o /f.k tys we;=¿ fjhs'

m%dfoaYSh f,alï( tkak jdäfjkak

oiqka( iqn WoEikla fõjdæ

^f,alïjrhd o wdYS¾jdo lrhs'& f,alï;=uks"

Tn ;=udg wdrdOkdjla lsÍughs wdfõ' uu je,s., ;ekak

lS%vd iudcfha ^wdrdOkd m;%h ms<s.kajñka&

m%dfoaYsh f,alï( uu okakjd je,s.,;ekak lS%vd iudch .ek' Tfí lS%vd

iudch m%foaYfha Woafhda.fhka lghq;= lrk lS%vd iudchla'

tjeks whg wm Wojq lrkak ´kE'

b;ska fudlla o ldrKh@

oiqka( wfma lS%vd iudcfha ;Hd. yd iy;sl m;% fnod §fï W;aijh

,nk udfia 15 jeksod' yji folg hs" W;aijh iQodkï

lr,d ;sfhkafka'

m%dfoaYSh f,alï( ^Èkfmd; fmr<d n,ñka& yd''' todg úfYaI rdcldßhla fh§

keye' Tfí W;aijhg ug tkak mq¿jka'

oiqka( Tn;=udg fndfyda u ia;=;shsæ

lS%vd iudcfha ^wdrdOkd m;%h ms<s.kajñka&

flfkl= woyia m< lrk úg Bg ixhufhka ijka § wjia:dj meñ‚ úg m%;spdr

oelaùu;a l:k yd Y%jK ls%hdj,sh u.ska wfmalaIs; wruqKq bgq lr .ekSug fya;=

fjhs'


,sÅ; wNHdi

1' my; oelafjk wjia:d w,<d ixjdohla f.dvk.kak'

¸' Tfí mka;s ldurfha meje;afjk Ñ;% m%o¾Ykh keröug

úÿy,am;s;=udg meñfKk f,i wdrdOkd lrk wjia:dj

¸¸' <ud b;=reï .sKqula wdrïN lsÍfï § nexl= ks,Odßhl= iu. l;d

ny lrk wjia:dj

¸¸¸' Tfí mdif,a wOHdmk pdßldjla i|yd nia r:hla ,nd .ekSu i|yd

jHdmdßl uy;l= iu. lrk l;d ny

m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' tlsfkld iu. woyia yqjudrefõ ÿ¾j,;d lshefjk my; i|yka m%ia;dj

msre<lg wod< l:djla ,shkak'

¸' l¿jd udrmka .shd jf.a

¸¸' y;r îß l;dj jf.hs

¸¸¸' fodïfmg hk mdr weyqjd jdf.a

2' ijka §fï § is;ays ;nd .; hq;= lreKq we;=<;a j.=jla ks¾udKh lrkak'

3' Tn bf.k .kakd oyï mdif,a iajdóka jykafia kul$mQcljrhl= iu.

flfrk fonila f.dvk.kak'

idudkH l;d ny muKla fkd j ijka §u u.ska

oekqu wOHdmkh ,nd .ekSu o isÿ fjhs' ,sùu m%p,s;

fkdjQ mer‚ iudcfha wOHdmkh uq¿ukska u ijka

§u u; r|d mej;s‚' tod W.;d ye¢kaùu i|yd fhÿKq

‘nyqY%e; ’hkafkys wre; o ‘fndfyda weiQ’ hkak hs'

wo o W.;l= ye¢kaùug “fndfyda weiQ msrE ;eka we;s” hkqfjka jHjydr flf¾'


úê ls%hd - wdYS¾jdo ls%hd

lsÍula" isÿ ùula fyda ú£ula .ek

lshefjk mo ls%hd mo hs' tu ls%hd

mo w;ßka jdlHhl wdLHd;h f,i

fhfok ls%hd" wjidk ls%hd nj;a tfia

wdLHd;h f,i fkd fhfok ls%hd"

wkjidk ls%hd nj;a óg by; fYa%‚j,

§ Tn Wf.k we;' fï mdvfuka wjidk

ls%hd .Khg wh;a jk ls%hd mo j¾.

folla W.ksuq'

7

^w& lreKdlr ueo fma<sh biairyg hkak' ^nia r:hl § wikakg ,efnk

úê ls%hdjls&

^wd& f.dve,af,a ;ru oek f.k <s| lmkq

fnd/,af,a ;ru oek f.k Wv mkskq

lvq,af,a ;ru oek f.k jeg n¢kq

;uqkaf.a ;ru oek f.k l,a yßkq

^we& ud lSj wid ;e;s fkd f.k ksi,j ys¢kq uek fid÷r' fudjqyq fï jkfha

jeoafoda fj;s'''

ûkfï kdglh&

by; kso¾Ykj, i|yka ;o l¿ wl=ßka uqøs; ls%hd moj,ska weÕfjkafka hï

úOdkhla$ksfhda.hla$b,a,Sula lsÍuls' fï ksfhda. wdorfhka fuka u wkdorfhka

o isÿ flf¾' lmkq" mkskq" n¢kq" yßkq hk úê ls%hdj, wdorh .eí ù fkdue;s w;r

ys¢kq uek lS úg tys wdord¾:h iys; h' fï wkqj hï wK lsÍula fyda ksfhda.hla

fuka u wdhdpkhla fyda b,a,Sula lsÍu i|yd Ndú; jk ls%hd mo" úê ls%hd jk

nj meyeÈ,s h'

wK lsÍu$ksfhda.h b,a,Su$wdhdpkh

lshkq$lshj$lshjq lshkak$lshkq uek

n,kq$n,j$n,jq n,kak$n,kq uek

ys¢kq$ys÷j$ys¢jq ys¢kak$ys¢kq uek

úê ls%hd²


^w& lreKdlr ueo fma<sh biairyg hkak' ^nia r:hl § wikakg ,efnk

úê ls%hdjls&

^wd& f.dve,af,a ;ru oek f.k <s| lmkq

fnd/,af,a ;ru oek f.k Wv mkskq

lvq,af,a ;ru oek f.k jeg n¢kq

;uqkaf.a ;ru oek f.k l,a yßkq

^we& ud lSj wid ;e;s fkd f.k ksi,j ys¢kq uek fid÷r' fudjqyq fï jkfha

jeoafoda fj;s'''

ûkfï kdglh&

by; kso¾Ykj, i|yka ;o l¿ wl=ßka uqøs; ls%hd moj,ska weÕfjkafka hï

úOdkhla$ksfhda.hla$b,a,Sula lsÍuls' fï ksfhda. wdorfhka fuka u wkdorfhka

o isÿ flf¾' lmkq" mkskq" n¢kq" yßkq hk úê ls%hdj, wdorh .eí ù fkdue;s w;r

ys¢kq uek lS úg tys wdord¾:h iys; h' fï wkqj hï wK lsÍula fyda ksfhda.hla

fuka u wdhdpkhla fyda b,a,Sula lsÍu i|yd Ndú; jk ls%hd mo" úê ls%hd jk

nj meyeÈ,s h'

wK lsÍu$ksfhda.h b,a,Su$wdhdpkh

lshkq$lshj$lshjq lshkak$lshkq uek

n,kq$n,j$n,jq n,kak$n,kq uek

ys¢kq$ys÷j$ys¢jq ys¢kak$ys¢kq uek

úê ls%hd²


isxy, NdIdfõ úê ls%hd ks¾udKh jk wdldr lsysmhls'

1' ls%hd uQ,h u ^ls%hd mohl uQ,sl iajrEmh& úê ls%hd w¾:h §u'

WodyrK( n, uy uqyqo tu i| W;=ßka fmfkk

wi oeka ; hk u. i,l=Kq fu;eka isg

ie, lr ; .sh lghq;= isge tl;a mi

îe<,sys‚ ikafoaYh&

2' ls%hd uQ,hg mrj ‘j’ yd ‘jq’ m%;H tla lsÍu'

‘j’ m%;Hh tal jpk w¾:fhys;a ‘jq’ m%;Hh nyq jpk w¾:fhys;a fhfohs'

‘j’ m%;Hh

WodyrK( “u|la bjij fld,a," uf.a jpkh wij” ûkfï kdglh&

.=re nejqf,a hj wjqf,a fkdù lsis

lrj mshdir ils fldka; .x f;dáka

<i,a refll ie;fmj <m¨ isys,<

îe<,sys‚ ikafoaYh&

‘jq’ m%;Hh

WodyrK( “jeoafoks" f;ms fu;kska kslau hjq” “fhdud lr fk;a n,jq ukfï l=ure meñfKa” ûkfï kdglh&

''' uf.a jerfhka u ksoyia fldg ;enq u

uf.a hq;=luhs i,ljq yeu fok u

^ksoyfia oeyek - tia' uyskao ysñ&

3' ‘kq’ m%;Hfhka wjika jk ls%hd rEm tal jpkh yd nyq jpkh hk foj¾.h u

yeÕfjk úê ls%hd mo f,i fhfoa'

WodyrK( f.dve,af,a ;ru oekf.k <s| lmkq

W;=ï woyiska fuh lshjkq is;kq

fm%aujka; orefjks ud ys¢kq lka fhdud''''

îsxyndyq kdgHh&


4' ls%hd uQ,hg -kak$-kag$-kav m%;Hh tla ùfuka úê ls%hd ks¾udKh fjhs' fuh

l:d jHjydrfhys fhfok úê ls%hd rEmhla jk w;r tal jpk yd nyq jpk

fNaofhka f;dr h'

WodyrK( tkak$tkag$tkav

lkak$lkag$lkav

,shkak$,shkag$,shkav

² .xj;=ßka wirK jQ ñksiqkaf.a Ôú;j,g irKla jkakg Tn;a odhl

fjkak'

² ksÜgUqj nysk wh biairyg tkav'

² orejfka" wNHdi fmd;a wrka fm< fmdf;a ls%hdldrlu lrkak'

5' ‘kq’ m%;Hfhka wjika jk ls%hd rEmj,g miqj uekú$fyd|hs$fhfyls$ukd h

jeks ksmd; mo fh§fuka o úê ls%hd iEfoa' fuu úê ls%hdj,ska wdord¾:h m%ldY

fjhs'

WodyrK( “''' nrKeia mqrhg fhfyka meñK oirdc O¾ufhka

rdcHh lrkq uekú” “ysñhks" Tyqg iudj fokq uekú” ûkfï kdglh&

“''' kqU,d ;sfokd u.shka úh fkd yels h' we;a; lshkq

fhfyls” îsxyndyq kdgHh&

6' ls%hd uQ,hg fyda mQ¾j ls%hdjg ‘-msh’ iy ‘-mshjq’ m%;Hh tla ùfuka o úê ls%hd

ks¾udKh fõ' ‘msh’ hkak tal jpkd¾:fhys;a ‘-mshjq’ hkak nyq jpkd¾:fhys;a

fhfoa' j¾;udk jHjydrfhys fuh wkdord¾:h .eí jQ úê ls%hd úfYaIhla fia

ie,fla' tfy;a mer‚ jHjydrfhys § fuh idor w¾:fhys fh§ ;sfí'

WodyrK( rdx lsß,a,sfh" rdx lsß,a,sfh - rdx l=re,a,g tkav lshdmsh

ìx l=Kafvda fnd, ìx l=Kafvda - f;da;a kgdmsh ud;a kgkakx

7' ls%hd uQ,hg -mka yd -m,a,d m%;Hh tl;= ùfuka iEfok úê ls%hd o isxy, l:d

jHjydrfhys ths' -mka tal jpk w¾:h;a -m,a,d nyq jpk w¾:h;a m%ldY lrhs'

WodyrK( bfKa n,dmka bK jg fia, n,dmka

oeÿre Tfhka tk t;kf. Tuß n,dmka

mjq l< f.dfkda weomka ymq;,a hkjd

n,dm,a,d fï uQfKa yeá'''

i;r fofkla isg l< msUm,a,d

l,d jejg mska §,d m,h,a,d


hul=g iqn fyda wiqn me;=ula lsÍfï § Ndú; jk ls%hd úfYaIh wdYS¾jdo ls%hd kï

fjhs' wdYS¾jdo ls%hd wk;S; ld,fhys" mqreI ;=fkys" tal jpk yd nyq jpkfhys

fhfok nj y÷kd.; yels h'

WodyrK( ¸' iqn me;=ï w¾:fhys fhfok wdYS¾jdo ls%hd

iqn Wmka Èkhla fõjdæ

iqn kj jirla fõjdæ

“'''il, iïm;a;sfhka jecfòjd" OkqoaOr l=ureks” “'''Ñrd;a ld,hla fhfyka jecfU;ajd" orejks” ûkfï kdglh&

“lef,a ;sfnk fldhs foaj;a ri fõjd”

¸¸' wiqn me;=ï w¾:fhys fhfok wdYS¾jdo ls%hd

i;=frda jekfi;ajdæ

fydrdg fï l< foa m< foajdæ

wdYS¾jdo ls%hdj ks¾udKh jkafka m%ldYk ls%hd rEmfh w.g ‘fõjd’ hk wre;a

we;s ‘jd’ ksmd;h tla ùfuks' tn÷ wdYS¾jdo ls%hdjla W;a;u" uOHu yd m%:u hk

mqreI ;=fkys jr kef.kafka fufia h'

tal jpk nyq jpk

m%:u mqreI iekfiajd iekfi;ajd

uOHu mqreI iekfiysjd iekfiyqjd

W;a;u mqreI iekfiïjd iekfiuqjd

wdYS¾jdo ls%hd ²


hul=g iqn fyda wiqn me;=ula lsÍfï § Ndú; jk ls%hd úfYaIh wdYS¾jdo ls%hd kï

fjhs' wdYS¾jdo ls%hd wk;S; ld,fhys" mqreI ;=fkys" tal jpk yd nyq jpkfhys

fhfok nj y÷kd.; yels h'

WodyrK( ¸' iqn me;=ï w¾:fhys fhfok wdYS¾jdo ls%hd

iqn Wmka Èkhla fõjdæ

iqn kj jirla fõjdæ

“'''il, iïm;a;sfhka jecfòjd" OkqoaOr l=ureks” “'''Ñrd;a ld,hla fhfyka jecfU;ajd" orejks” ûkfï kdglh&

“lef,a ;sfnk fldhs foaj;a ri fõjd”

¸¸' wiqn me;=ï w¾:fhys fhfok wdYS¾jdo ls%hd

i;=frda jekfi;ajdæ

fydrdg fï l< foa m< foajdæ

wdYS¾jdo ls%hdj ks¾udKh jkafka m%ldYk ls%hd rEmfh w.g ‘fõjd’ hk wre;a

we;s ‘jd’ ksmd;h tla ùfuks' tn÷ wdYS¾jdo ls%hdjla W;a;u" uOHu yd m%:u hk

mqreI ;=fkys jr kef.kafka fufia h'

tal jpk nyq jpk

m%:u mqreI iekfiajd iekfi;ajd

uOHu mqreI iekfiysjd iekfiyqjd

W;a;u mqreI iekfiïjd iekfiuqjd

wdYS¾jdo ls%hd ²

iuyr wjia:dj, § úê ls%hd rEm o wdYS¾jdod¾:fhys fhfohs'

WodyrK( Èfhka f.dfvka .sks cd,d ueùhka

iïud iïnqÿ fjk od ksjka olska wïud

mud fj,d jeyemka jeys j,dfõ

;nk ;nk mh ,siaid jeàhka

uq;= ue‚ld ug ySfkka fmkShka

;j;a wjia:djl § ‘jd’ m%;Hh fkdue;sj ls%hd uQ,h u wdYS¾jdo ls%hd f,i fhfoa'

WodyrK( iqrjr iero úìiK foõ le,‚ mqr

Y=N m%d¾:khl § fuka u wY=N m%d¾:khl § o fhfok neúka fuu ls%hd ye¢kaùug

m%d¾:kd ls%hd hkak o Ndú; flf¾'

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' my; oelafjk mµ mdGj, i|yka úê ls%hd iy wdYS¾jdo ls%hd fjka fjka

jYfhka f;dard j.=jl igyka lrkak'

¸' .õfjka .õj Èj ud,s. iEfoajd

¸¸' n, iqn ksñ;s fmru. kel;g;a jeã

¸¸¸' is;= k;= lr wi hy¿j jvk re;s

¸¹' foúfhda fo;ajd wdisß ieuod

¹' fojq fuyiqka úìiK foú÷g mjr

¹¸' f,äka ÿlska ixy;sh u ueÍhka

¹¸¸' chjoaok mqrjr okq ñ;=re ;=ud

¹¸¸¸' j÷ o<od ysñ f;uy,a myh /£

¸º' jkka;f¾ jk imq u,a msmShka

º' .kq wjir tksß÷ isß m;=,a je|

úê ls%hd wdYS¾jdo ls%hd


2' my; i|yka mdGj, we;s úê ls%hd mo ,shkak'

¸' “oeka krUkq fid¢k iqmamd foaù ukl,a” ¸¸' “fuys tkq uekú fid÷r” ¸¸¸' “''' kqU mshdKka fmr<d meñK nj lshd fidfydhqrd le|jd f.k

tj” ¸¹' “hkag fkd is;ka ud wK lv lr” ¹' “ysñ i÷ks" is;g lsisÿ ìhla fkd .kq uekú” ¹¸' “fmaa%ujka; orefjks ud ys¢kq lka fhdud” ¹¸¸' “mska ms`v jeks ud uE‚h lshkq fkdj<yd”¹¸¸¸' “hkak fkd is;kak ud fidfydhqrks fmïnrd” ¸º' “''' udf.a ud,s.dfõ kjd;eka ms<sfh, fldg foj” º' “''' fï uq¿ fmfoi w;a yer od kqU,df.a ore mjq,a yd foam< o

/f.k fjk rglg hkag ierfijq”º¸' “fkd lrka ud mq;=fka fï igkd” º¸¸' “fld;rï krhka uerej o ud ueÍu kqU is;k f,i myiq

fkd jk nj oek .kq fhfyls'”

3' iqÿiq wdYS¾jdo ls%hd mo fhdod ysia;eka mqrjkak'

¸' Tng blauka iqjh ''''''''''''''''''''''' ^,efíjd$,efn;ajd&

¸¸' uu úNd.fhka ch ''''''''''''''''''''''' ^,nuqjd$,nïjd&

¸¸¸' Tn fï igkska ''''''''''''''''''''''' ^Èfkysjd$Èfkyqjd&

¸¹' wms iqjm;a ''''''''''''''''''''''' ^fjuqjd$fõjd&

¹' kqU,d ÿlska ''''''''''''''''''''''' ^ñfo;ajd$ñfoyqjd&

¹¸' orefjda hymf;ys ''''''''''''''''''''''' ^yeisf¾jd$yeisfr;ajd&

¹¸¸' i;=rd ''''''''''''''''''''''' ^Nx. fõjd$Nx. fj;ajd&

¹¸¸¸' ñ;=rdg fi;la ''''''''''''''''''''''' ^fj;ajd$fõjd&

¸º' ish¨ i;=frda ñ;=frda ''''''''''''''''''''''' ^fõjd$fj;ajd&

º' ish¨ i;ajfhda wffjÍ wh u ''''''''''''''''''''''' ^fj;ajd$fõjd&


m%dfhda.sl f,aLk

tÈfkod Ôú;fha § wmg úúO wjYH;d

i|yd úúO f,aLk ieliSug isÿ fõ'

rdcldß ,sms" jHdmdßl ,sms" fm!oa.,sl

,sms" jd¾;d" w;a m;s%ld" oekaùï" wdrdOkd

m;%" kHdh m;% wdÈh tjeks f,aLkj,g

ksoiqka h' fïjd m%dfhda.sl f,aLk

f,i oelaúh yels h' tA tA m%dfhda.sl

f,aLkhg iïu; wdlD;shla we;' th

wkq.ukh lsÍu b;d jeo.;a h' ljr

j¾.fha m%dfhda.sl f,aLkhl § jqj o

ksjerÈ wlaIr úkHdih" úrdu ,laIK

fh§u iy ksrjq,a woyia m%ldYkh

w;HjYH h' fuu mdvfuka oekaùï

iy wdlD;s m;% ieliSu iïnkaOj

Tfí wjOdkh fhduq lsÍug wfmalaIs;

h'

8


oekaùï m;%²

m%n, m%pdrK Wml%uhla f,i oekaùï m;s%ld fhdod .efka' wd¾Ól" iudÔh"

ixialD;sl wdÈ ljr lafIa;%hlg wod<j jqj o m%cdj oekqj;a lsÍug oekaùï m;s%ld

Ndú; flf¾' ksrjq,a ikaksfõokhla i|yd oekaùï m;s%ldj,ska ,o yels m%fhdack

buy;a h'

² lreKq ksjerÈj meyeÈ,sj oelaùu

² ixlaIsma;Ndjh

² wdl¾IŒhNdjh

² ir,nj

oekaùï m;s%ldjl .eí úh hq;= wksjd¾h ,laIK fõ'

my; oelafjkqfha fk¨ï jej uyd úoHd,fha mdi,a mßir kshuq Ng lKavdhu

úiska fmd,s;Ska Ndú;fhka jk ydks iy úl,am weiqreï udOH ms<sn|j m%cdj

oekqj;a lsÍu i|yd ks¾udKh lrk ,o oekaùï m;s%ldjls'

isiqoreoeßhka" foudmshka we;=¿ Tn

ieuf.a iyNd.s;ajh f.!rjfhka

wfmalaId lruq'

ixúOdkh

mßir kshuq Ng lKavdhu

fk¨ï jej uyd úoHd,h

fmd,s;Ska Ndú;h wju lruq' mßirh iqrlsuq'

n,ka lv;=rd yer oEfia'''

² foaYk

² ùäfhda o¾Yk

² úl,am weiqreï ilid .ekSu

ms<sn| m%dfhda.sl jevuq¿j

² fmdaiag¾ yd Ñ;% m%o¾Ykh ia:dkh - fk¨ï jej

uyd úoHd,hSh m%Odk

Yd,dj

Èkh - 2017' 06' 05

fõ,dj - fm' j 9'00

isg m'j 3'30 olajd

oekqj;a lsÍfï jevigyk


fmd,s;Sskaj,ska isÿ jk ydks

² N+ñ ¥IKh ksid mdxY= Ôùka úkdY ùu yd mi ksire ùu ² c, ¥IKh fyj;a c,fha .=Kd;aulNdjh fjkia ùu ² li< wdydrhg .ekSug tk w,ska" .jhka" uqjka" lmqgka wd§ i;=ka úúO frda.dndOj,g ,la ù ñh hEu ² ldkqq moaO;s wjysr ù uÿrejka yd ueiaika fnda ùu we;=¿ úúO wmyiq;d we;s ùu fï ish¨ fya;= ksid mdßißl iunr;dj ì£ hhs'

fmd,s;Ska fjkqjg Ndú; l< yels úl,am

² mka j¾.j,ska ;kd.kakd u¨ ² ng m;=rej,ska ;kd.kakd weiqreï ² fmd,a" ;,a wdÈ Ydl m;%j,ska ;kd.kakd u¨² lvodis ojgk ² frÈ u¨ ² fk¨ï" lekao" Èh ynr," flfi,a wdÈ Ydl m;%

Ndú;h wju lsÍu fyj;a jrla Ndú; l< fmd,s;Ska u¨ kej; Ndú;h u.ska o mßirhg uqod yefrk fmd,s;Ska m%udKh iSud l< yels h'tfy;a bka isÿ jk §¾>ld,Sk wmyiq;d iy ydks m%udK l< fkd yels h' wmf.a meje;au ;SrKh jkafka mßirh iq/l=K fyd;a mu‚' wka lsisÿ i;l= mßirh úkdY fkd lrk ksid mßirh iq/lSfï j.lSu uq¿ukska u we;af;a ñksidg mu‚' fmd,s;Ska ñ;=re fjiska tk i;=frls' th w;HjYH øjHhla lr f.k we;af;a wm u h' th wkjYH øjHhla f,i neyer l< hq;af;a o wm u h' ñysuj ikik ienE orejka f,i wms ish¨ fokd fmd,s;Ska Ndú;fhka wE;a fjuq'

fkd Èrk fmd,s;Ska Ndú; fkd lrk Tnf.a kduh fkd Èrkafka h'

yels iEu úgl u fmd,s;Ska fjkqjg úl,am Ndú; lruq !

Èkh(- 2017'05'02

mßir kshuq Ng lKavdhu" - fk¨ï jej uyd úoHd,h'

fmd,s;Ska

Lksc f;,a msßmyÿfjka miq

bj;a lrk m%d:ñl fmfg%da

ridhksl øjH

wdY%s; ksIamdokhls'

id¾:l yd myiq

weiqreï udOHhls'

ñksid fmd,s;Ska

Ndú;hg fl;rï fhduq ù

we;a o h;a

Ndú;h wju lsÍug ñi

iïmQ¾Kfhka k;r l<

fkd yels

;;a;ajhla Wod ù we;'

fmd,s;Skaa u.ska mßirhg ydks isÿ jkafka

tAjd neyer lsÍfï § h'

fmd,s;Skaa uq¿ukska u Èrd hdug jir 200la

muK l,a .; jkafka hehs .Kkh lr ;sfí'

ish¨ fokd w;ska wLKavj

fmd,s;Ska mßirhg neyer ùu isÿ jk l,ays

bka we;s jk ydksh kï .Kkh l< fkd yels h'

oekaùï m;%²

m%n, m%pdrK Wml%uhla f,i oekaùï m;s%ld fhdod .efka' wd¾Ól" iudÔh"

ixialD;sl wdÈ ljr lafIa;%hlg wod<j jqj o m%cdj oekqj;a lsÍug oekaùï m;s%ld

Ndú; flf¾' ksrjq,a ikaksfõokhla i|yd oekaùï m;s%ldj,ska ,o yels m%fhdack

buy;a h'

² lreKq ksjerÈj meyeÈ,sj oelaùu

² ixlaIsma;Ndjh

² wdl¾IŒhNdjh

² ir,nj

oekaùï m;s%ldjl .eí úh hq;= wksjd¾h ,laIK fõ'

my; oelafjkqfha fk¨ï jej uyd úoHd,fha mdi,a mßir kshuq Ng lKavdhu

úiska fmd,s;Ska Ndú;fhka jk ydks iy úl,am weiqreï udOH ms<sn|j m%cdj

oekqj;a lsÍu i|yd ks¾udKh lrk ,o oekaùï m;s%ldjls'


wdlD;s m;%²

tÈfkod Ôú;fha § wmg úúO wdh;k iu. lghq;= lrkakg isÿ fõ' tA tA

wdh;kj,ska úúO wdlD;s m;% ksl=;a flfrkafka myiqfjka wjYH fiajd iïmdokh

i|yd h' tneúka ksjerÈ o;a; we;=<;a fldg meyeÈ,sj wdlD;s m;% msrùu fomsßig

u myiqjla jkq we;'

wdlD;s m;%j,g ksoiqka f,i /lshd b,a¨ï m;%" úÿ,s m‚úv m;s%ld" uQ,H nexl=jl

uqo,a ;ekam;a lsÍfï § yd ,nd .ekSfï § iïmQ¾K l< hq;= m;s%ld" mdi,lg

we;=<;a ùu i|yd we;s b,a¨ï m;%h wdÈh oelaúh yels h'

wdlD;s m;%hla msrùfï § ie,lsh hq;= lreKq

1' wdlD;s m;%h msrùu i|yd Wmfoia § we;akï tajd lshúh hq;= h'

2' wdlD;s m;%fha i|yka lreKq fyd¢ka lshjd f;areï f.k wid we;s f;dr;=re

iïmQ¾K l< hq;= h'

3' i|yka l< hq;= lreKq b;d fláfhka oelaúh hq;= h'

4' iqmqreÿ w;aik fhÈh hq;= h'

5' i;H jQ o ksjerÈ jQ o f;dr;=re oelaúh hq;= h'

6' ;ud úiska iïmQ¾K fkdl< hq;= ;eka wef;d;a tAjd ysiaj ;eìh hq;= h'

^tAjd ld¾hd,hSh m%fhdackh ioyd h'&

7' ulk Èhr j¾. Ndú; fkdl< hq;= h'

8' jerÿK fyd;a ;ks brlska lmd flá w;aikla fhÈh hq;= h'

wdlD;s m;% w;r Ôjo;a; m;s%ld ieliSu ish¨ fokdg wod< jkakls' Ôjo;a; m;s%ld

ieliSfï wruqK wkqj tys we;=<;a l< hq;= lreKq o tajd bÈßm;a lrk wkqms<sfj<

o fjkia úh yels h' /lshdjla b,a¨ï lsÍu" lsishï ixúOdkhl idudðl;ajh

b,a¨ï lsÍu" úYajúoHd, m%fõYh i|yd b,a¨ï lsÍu hk wjia:d .; fyd;a ta ta

wjYH;d wkqj wfmalaIs; Ôjo;a; wvqjeä úh yels h'

ksoiqkla f,i úYajúoHd, m%fõY whÿïmf;a § iaÓr mÈxÑ Èia;s%lalh" úNd.hg

fmkS isá Èia;s%lalh" mdi, wdÈh w;HjYH ùu oelaúh yels h'

fmd,s;Sskaj,ska isÿ jk ydks

² N+ñ ¥IKh ksid mdxY= Ôùka úkdY ùu yd mi ksire ùu ² c, ¥IKh fyj;a c,fha .=Kd;aulNdjh fjkia ùu ² li< wdydrhg .ekSug tk w,ska" .jhka" uqjka" lmqgka wd§ i;=ka úúO frda.dndOj,g ,la ù ñh hEu ² ldkqq moaO;s wjysr ù uÿrejka yd ueiaika fnda ùu we;=¿ úúO wmyiq;d we;s ùu fï ish¨ fya;= ksid mdßißl iunr;dj ì£ hhs'

fmd,s;Ska fjkqjg Ndú; l< yels úl,am

² mka j¾.j,ska ;kd.kakd u¨ ² ng m;=rej,ska ;kd.kakd weiqreï ² fmd,a" ;,a wdÈ Ydl m;%j,ska ;kd.kakd u¨² lvodis ojgk ² frÈ u¨ ² fk¨ï" lekao" Èh ynr," flfi,a wdÈ Ydl m;%

Ndú;h wju lsÍu fyj;a jrla Ndú; l< fmd,s;Ska u¨ kej; Ndú;h u.ska o mßirhg uqod yefrk fmd,s;Ska m%udKh iSud l< yels h'tfy;a bka isÿ jk §¾>ld,Sk wmyiq;d iy ydks m%udK l< fkd yels h' wmf.a meje;au ;SrKh jkafka mßirh iq/l=K fyd;a mu‚' wka lsisÿ i;l= mßirh úkdY fkd lrk ksid mßirh iq/lSfï j.lSu uq¿ukska u we;af;a ñksidg mu‚' fmd,s;Ska ñ;=re fjiska tk i;=frls' th w;HjYH øjHhla lr f.k we;af;a wm u h' th wkjYH øjHhla f,i neyer l< hq;af;a o wm u h' ñysuj ikik ienE orejka f,i wms ish¨ fokd fmd,s;Ska Ndú;fhka wE;a fjuq'

fkd Èrk fmd,s;Ska Ndú; fkd lrk Tnf.a kduh fkd Èrkafka h'

yels iEu úgl u fmd,s;Ska fjkqjg úl,am Ndú; lruq !

Èkh(- 2017'05'02

mßir kshuq Ng lKavdhu" - fk¨ï jej uyd úoHd,h'

fmd,s;Ska

Lksc f;,a msßmyÿfjka miq

bj;a lrk m%d:ñl fmfg%da

ridhksl øjH

wdY%s; ksIamdokhls'

id¾:l yd myiq

weiqreï udOHhls'

ñksid fmd,s;Ska

Ndú;hg fl;rï fhduq ù

we;a o h;a

Ndú;h wju lsÍug ñi

iïmQ¾Kfhka k;r l<

fkd yels

;;a;ajhla Wod ù we;'

fmd,s;Skaa u.ska mßirhg ydks isÿ jkafka

tAjd neyer lsÍfï § h'

fmd,s;Skaa uq¿ukska u Èrd hdug jir 200la

muK l,a .; jkafka hehs .Kkh lr ;sfí'

ish¨ fokd w;ska wLKavj

fmd,s;Ska mßirhg neyer ùu isÿ jk l,ays

bka we;s jk ydksh kï .Kkh l< fkd yels h'


wdlD;s m;%²

tÈfkod Ôú;fha § wmg úúO wdh;k iu. lghq;= lrkakg isÿ fõ' tA tA

wdh;kj,ska úúO wdlD;s m;% ksl=;a flfrkafka myiqfjka wjYH fiajd iïmdokh

i|yd h' tneúka ksjerÈ o;a; we;=<;a fldg meyeÈ,sj wdlD;s m;% msrùu fomsßig

u myiqjla jkq we;'

wdlD;s m;%j,g ksoiqka f,i /lshd b,a¨ï m;%" úÿ,s m‚úv m;s%ld" uQ,H nexl=jl

uqo,a ;ekam;a lsÍfï § yd ,nd .ekSfï § iïmQ¾K l< hq;= m;s%ld" mdi,lg

we;=<;a ùu i|yd we;s b,a¨ï m;%h wdÈh oelaúh yels h'

wdlD;s m;%hla msrùfï § ie,lsh hq;= lreKq

1' wdlD;s m;%h msrùu i|yd Wmfoia § we;akï tajd lshúh hq;= h'

2' wdlD;s m;%fha i|yka lreKq fyd¢ka lshjd f;areï f.k wid we;s f;dr;=re

iïmQ¾K l< hq;= h'

3' i|yka l< hq;= lreKq b;d fláfhka oelaúh hq;= h'

4' iqmqreÿ w;aik fhÈh hq;= h'

5' i;H jQ o ksjerÈ jQ o f;dr;=re oelaúh hq;= h'

6' ;ud úiska iïmQ¾K fkdl< hq;= ;eka wef;d;a tAjd ysiaj ;eìh hq;= h'

^tAjd ld¾hd,hSh m%fhdackh ioyd h'&

7' ulk Èhr j¾. Ndú; fkdl< hq;= h'

8' jerÿK fyd;a ;ks brlska lmd flá w;aikla fhÈh hq;= h'

wdlD;s m;% w;r Ôjo;a; m;s%ld ieliSu ish¨ fokdg wod< jkakls' Ôjo;a; m;s%ld

ieliSfï wruqK wkqj tys we;=<;a l< hq;= lreKq o tajd bÈßm;a lrk wkqms<sfj<

o fjkia úh yels h' /lshdjla b,a¨ï lsÍu" lsishï ixúOdkhl idudðl;ajh

b,a¨ï lsÍu" úYajúoHd, m%fõYh i|yd b,a¨ï lsÍu hk wjia:d .; fyd;a ta ta

wjYH;d wkqj wfmalaIs; Ôjo;a; wvqjeä úh yels h'

ksoiqkla f,i úYajúoHd, m%fõY whÿïmf;a § iaÓr mÈxÑ Èia;s%lalh" úNd.hg

fmkS isá Èia;s%lalh" mdi, wdÈh w;HjYH ùu oelaúh yels h'


wod< wdh;kfhka ksl=;a lrk ,o wdlD;shla fkdue;s wjia:dj, § wjYH;dj

ms<sn| wjfndaOfhka Ôjo;a; m;s%ld ielish hq;= h' my; oelafjkqfha idudkH

Ôjo;a; m;s%ldjl wdlD;shls'

Ôjo;a; m;s%ldjl wdlD;shls'

uq,l=re iu. ku(- '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

iïmQ¾K ku (- '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

iaÓr ,smskh (- '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

ia;S%$mqreI Ndjh (- ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

újdyl$wújdyl Ndjh (- ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

cd;sh (- ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

ckj¾.h (- ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

cd;sl ye÷kqïm;a wxlh (- ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

m<d; (- '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

Èia;s%lalh (- ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

m%dfoaYSh f,alï fldÜGdih (- ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

.%dufiajd fldÜGdih yd wxlh (- '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

wOHdmk iqÿiqlï (- '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

jD;a;Sh iqÿiqlï (- ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

lS%vd yd úfYaI olaI;d (- ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

by; i|yka f;dr;=re i;H yd ksjerÈ njg iy;sl fjñ'

Èkh (-

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''

w;aik


wjfndaOh

1' m%dfhda.sl f,aLk j¾. myla kï lrkak'

2' oekaùï m;s%ldjla ms<sfh, lsÍfï § ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= uQ,sl lreKq ;=kla

olajkak'

3' wdlD;s m;%hl w;aik fh§fï § wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;= lreK l=ula o@

4' fmd,s;Ska fjkqjg wm Ndú; l< hq;af;a Èrkiq¨ øjHj,ska ksIamdÈ; u¨

iy weiqreï h' Bg .; yels øjH fudkjd o@

5' fmd,s;Ska ñksidf.a fi!LHhg wys;lr jk wdldrh meyeÈ,s lrkak'

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' my; oelafjk lreKq Wmfhda.s lr .ksñka" ‘<ud wmfhdackhg jeg n¢uq’ hk ud;Dldj hgf;a mdi,a m%cdj oekqj;a lsÍug iqÿiq oekaùï m;s%ldjla

ms<sfh, lrkak'

² <uhl= f,i ie,flkafka jhi wjqreÿ 18g wvq wh fõ'

² tlai;a cd;Skaf.a <ud m%{ma;sfhka <ud wmfhdackh msgqoelsh hq;= nj

iïu; lrf.k we;'

² <uhd wmfhdackh jk úê

- <ud fufyldr fiajdj

- <ud fid,aodÿ fiajdj

- ,sx.sl w;jrhg ,la ùu

- l=Ügkh fyj;a <ud fj<|du

- ldhsl udkisl ysxikh

- fkd;ld yd fkd i,ld yeÍug ,la ùu

- wOHdmk whs;sh ,nd fkd §u

² <ud wdrlaIdj ms‚i msysgqjd we;s wdh;k

² <ud wmfhdack ms<sn|j oekqï Èh hq;= ¥rl:k wxl

2' k.r iNdj hgf;a md,kh jk uyck mqia;ld,hg idudðlhka n|jd

.ekSu i|yd iqÿiq wdlD;s m;%hla ms<sfh, lrkak'


wjqreÿ isyskh

1929 fkdjeïn¾ ui 12 jk Èk .d,a,

hg,u;af;a § Wmka .=Kodi wurfialr

uy;d jD;a;sfhka oka; ffjµjrfhls'

tfy;a Tyq jvd;a m%lg ù isákafka

f,aLlhl= f,isks' Ndj .S;" wu,a

ìfida" Whkl ys| ,shQ lú" wdj¾ckd"

wila od lj" u;l j; ldjH ix.%y o"

lreulaldrfhda" h<s Wmkafkñ" fomd

fkd,oafoda" .kaOín wmodkh" wi;H

l;djla" fma%ufha i;H l;dj" .ukl

uq, wdÈ kjl;d o r;= frdai u,"

Ôjk iqj|" tl u l;dj" tlagefuka

fmdf<djg" l;d myla" .,a ms<suh

iy fnd,a ms<suh" urK uxplfha ÿgq

isyskh" ms<su f,djhs mshú f,djhs"

ú,af;r urKh wdÈ flál;d ix.%y o

Tyqf.a ks¾udK lD;s w;r fjhs'

fï mdvug we;=<;a jkafka Tyqf.a r;=

frdai u, flál;d ix.%yfhka Wmqgd

.;a l;djls' flál;djl iajNdjh

y÷kd f.k flál;d ri úkaokhg

fhduq ùug wjYH miqìu fï mdvfuka

iïmdokh flfrhs'

9


kj yeúÈß mshfiak biaf;damamqfjys W¿jiaig fya;a;= ù n,d isáfha h' fõ,dj

yji y;r yudrg muK we;' mshfiak ysi Wia lrñka h<s;a ùÓh foi n,kakg

úh' mdfrys fndfyda fofkla l:d lrñka ta fï w; .uka lrñka isáhy' Tyq

Tjqkaf.a ysiaj,g Wäka wE; jx.=j foi ne¨fõ h' Tyq lSm jrla weÕs,s;=vq w.ska

ke.S isg o tfoi ne,S h' fndfyda fõ,d fufia n,d isàu ksid oeka Tyqf.a fn,a,

ßfohs' weia o u|la llshhs' tfy;a ;j u lsisjl= fmfkkakg fkdue;' Tyq h<s;a

lKqjg fya;a;= ù n,d isákakg úh'

wo wïud tk nj Tyqg fyd|g u úYajdi h' ;j wjqreoaog we;af;a tl ojils' oekg

Èk ;=klg fmr Tyq wïudg tk f,i lshd ,shqula weßfha h' th ,shk ,oafoa

l=iaisfha wïud úisks' tÈk rd;s%fhys ish¨ fokd u ksod .;a úg Tyq wEg lshd l=mams

,dïmqjl t<sfhka th ,sfhõfõ h' “wfka wïfï fldfydu yß tkak' ux tklï

WkaÑ,a,dj n¢kak tmd” hs ,shqfuys wka;sug ,shk f,i o Tyq wEg lSfõ h'

tneúka wïud ;ud f.or tlal hEug tkq ksh; h' ta wer;a Tyq tod f.oßka msg ù

tk úg o" ;ud wjqreoaog tlal hEug tk njg wïud fmdfrdkaÿ jQjd h' f.oßka

tkq ms‚i msg jQ úg ;ud ye`vQ ieá o Tyqg u;l h' Tyq wïudf.a wefÕys t,a,S hd

fkd yels nj lshñka ye`vqfõ h' túg wïud Tyqf.a T¿j w;.d “hkak mq;d' uka

WU wjqreoaog tlal tkak tkjd” hs lSjd h' wïud Tyq ldfrlg f.dv ke.=Kq úg

Tyqf.a ysi w,a,d isïnd h' “wfka n,d .kak fyd| yeá” hs wE lSfõ y`vñka nj

Tyqg u;l h'

“wïud uka tlal hkak tkjd h lsh, fmdfrdkaÿ jqKd' oeka <Õ u tkjd we;e” hs

h<s;a mdr foi n,kakg jQ mshfiakg is;sK' wE; lsisjl= jx.=fjka yefrkq ÿgq

mshfiak h<s;a weÕs,s ;=äka Wia ù h' tfy;a lsisfjla y`v k.d ;udg l:d lf<a h'

“mshfiak" mshfiak" flda fuydg weú,a, fï l;=r fkdak uy;auhg .syska §mka'”

jyd Èj f.dia th f.kjq;a iajdñÿjg ÿka Tyq h<s;a biaf;damamqjg ÿj wdfõ h'

jx.=fjka yereKq ;eke;a;d túg fmfkkakg fkd isáfha h' ta wïud úh hq;= hhs

Tyqg is;sK' wïudg wu;l ù f.h msgux fldg hkakg we;' Tyq jyd f.aÜgqj

fj; ÿj f.dia mdfrys wksla me;a; foi ne¨fõ h' tfy;a tys .sfha wïud fkdj

fjk;a .eyekshls'

Tyq h<s;a W¿jiai wi,g meñK ùÓh foi n,d isákakg úh' biaf;damamqfjys jeà

;snqKq ysre t<sh o oeka l%ufhka uelSf.k hhs' Tyq oeka fufia n,d isákakg ù

meh follg;a wdikakj we;' wïud fu;rï m%udo fj;s hs Tyq fkd is;=fõ h' Tyq


wE t;shs n,dfmdfrd;a;= jQfha Wofhys h' ;j yekaoE ùug we;af;a o ál fõ,djls'

Tyq h<s;a weÕs,s ;=äka keÕS mdr foi n,d isákakg úh'

h<s;a fo;=ka jrla jx.=j foi n,d isá Tyq fodr lKqjg fya;a;= ù l,amkd lrkakg

úh' wïud fu;rï m%udo jkafka l=ula ksid oehs Tyqg lsj fkd yel' wïud f.oßka

Wfoa jrefõ fkd wkqudkj u msg;a jkakg we;' fudfyd;lska Tyqf.a isf;ys

f.or jQ f.d¿ u,a,S kx.S iu. t<sm;a; Wv jdäù fi,a,ï lrkq we;' f.d¿ u,a,S

nv.sksù w`vk ieá o Tyqg isys úh' u,a,sf.a f.d¿lu lf,a wm,h f.jqKq miq

fyd| fj;s hs wïud fkdfhla jr lS ieáo Tyqg u;la úh' f.oßka msg;a jQ wïud

fu;rï fõ,d kdfõ wehs@ Tyq fYdalfhka h<s;a mdr foi ne¨fõ h'

“wïud fuÉpr fõ,d kdfõ wehs@” ta .ek is;;a u Tyqf.a fofk; fudfyd;lg

w÷re ù l÷<ska f;;a fjhs' Tyq ;=< jQ fYdalh bjiqï fkd fok ;rï h' “wïudg

yqÕla f,dß nia hk mdrj, weúÈkak oefkkafka ke;'” tfy;a th Tyqg isys

lsÍug mjd fkd yelsh' Tyq ìfhka .efyk yoj;ska hq;=j mdr foi ne,S h'

oekg iqudkhlg muK fmr Tyq lfâ hk úg mdf¾ .sh .eyekshl f,dßhl

yemS jefgkq Tyq oelafla h' wE jegqKq jyd u ñksiaiq ta jgd /ia jQy' wef.a yeÜgh

f,hska f;;aù .sfha h' wE uefrkakg we;ehs Tyqg is;=fKa h'

Tyq fYdalfhka nr jQ fofk;ska hq;=j h<s;a ùÓh foi ne¨fõ h' tys wïud

fmfkkakg fkdue;s nj ols;a u Tyqf.a fYdalh uq¿ is; u fj<ñka k.shs'

wïud tkak we;af;a uf.a ,shqu oel,d' uu ,shqu ,sõfõ ke;akï wo tkafka

keye' fYdalh ksid we`ãug tkakdla fuka o Tyqg oeksK' Tyq ksYap,j ìfhka

yd fYdalfhka fj<S .sh yoj;ska hq;=j n,d isákakg úh' Tyqf.a uqyqK bÈßfhys

fndfyda fõ,djl isg flda÷refjda lSmfofkla ‘rEx rEx’ hhs fl¢ß .d;s' úYd,

mska;+r folla fome;af;ys n¢k ,o nr lr;a;hla blaukska f.a bÈßmi miq lr

.sfha h' tys we;=f<ys .ik ,o ojq,la fyda fnrhla jeks lsisjlska ke.=Kq kdoh

jd;fhys ÿla uqiq nj jeä lrñka me;=refKa h' th Tyq ;=< jQ fYdalh yd u<dksl

Ndjh jeä lrhs' lr;a;fhka k.sk kdoh ÿlauqiq nj W;aikak lrñka fifuka

ke;sù hhs' Tyq l,amkd úrys;j tfoi lka fhdud isáfha h'

“wïudg fudlla jqKd o@”

Tyqg th ;j;a bjish fkd yels h' Tyq jyd l=iaish fj;g ÿjkakg úh' Tyq tys

jQ .eyeksh iu. l:d lrkakg úh'


“ldgj;a fudlj;a jqfKd;a oek .kafka fldfydu o@” hs Tyq wef.ka weiqfõ h'

lsishï jevl kshq;= jQ wE th kEiqKdla fuka isáhd h'

“ldgj;a fudlj;a jqfKd;a oek .kafka fldfydu o@”

“fudlla o" ug f;afrkafka keye'”

“keye" oeka mdfrÈ ug fudlj;a jqfKd;a l=iaisfha wïud oek .kafk fldfydu

o@”

“fmd,sisfhka okajkjd ta bkak ;ekg'”

wef.a W;a;rh Tyqf.a mS%;shg fya;= úh'

“wfma wïug fudlj;a jqfKd;skq;a okakkj o@”

“Tõ' ljqrekq;a okajkjd' ldg;a tfyuhs” Tyqf.a m%Yakj,g W;a;r §fuka fjfyig

m;a wE lSjd h'

bka Tyqf.a is; n,j;a mS%;shla we;s úh' fuf;la mej;s ish¨ ÿlauqiq yeÕSï bka

w;=reoyka úh' “wïudg tfyu fudlj;a fj,d kï fu,yg oek.kak ́ kE' mrlal=

jqK;a oeka <Õ <Õ u tkjd we;s” hs h<s;a biaf;damamqjg ÿj wd Tyqg is;sK'

“mshfiak''' fufy jfrka''' oeka we;s W¿jiafia t,a,s,d''' ykslg jfrka” hs iajdñÿj

y`v k.d lshkq weisK'

Tyq jyd ldurhg .sfha h'

“b|d blaukg lfâg .sys,a," kQ,a frdao folla wrf.k jfrka'”

“WU i,a,s tfyu ke;s lrj .kak fkfjhs'”

“fudllao f.akak lsõfõ@” wE h<s;a weiqjd h' “kQ,a frdao folla' iqÿ taj”

Tyq uqo¨;a /f.k msg;a úh' Tyq ta .ek i;=gq úh' wïud oeka Tyqg u. § u iuq

úh yels h'

Tyq mdr fomi ks;r ne¨fõ h' wïud ;j ál ÿrla h;a u ;udg iuq fj;shs Tyqg

isf;a' ùÓh Èf.a f.dia lv ùÓhg jegqKq Tyq jg msg ne¨fõ fkdfhla fk;a


veye .kakd fohska msÍ .sh lv foi h' tajdfha fkdfhla j¾Kfhka hq;a b;d is;a

wÈkiq¨ foa ;sfí'

we;eï lvhl bÈßmi yq<x mqrjk ,o ne¨kaj,ska jid ;snqfKa h' tys È. ks,a

meye;s ne¨ka o" ;j fkdfhla meye;s ne¨ka o t,a,d ;snqfKa h' ñksfyla thska

tlla mqrjñka “i; oyhhs' fuhska ´kE tlla .kak' i; oyhhs'” b| ysg uy

y`äka lE .eiqfõ h' Tyq jfÜ <fuda lSm fofkla n,d isáhy' mshfiak o tys jyd

Èj .sfha h' ta flfrys we§ .sh is;a we;s Tyqg ;ud meñ‚ m‚jqvh .ek o wïud

.ek o fudfyd;lg wu;l úh' tfy;a Tyqg thska tlla .; yelafla flf,i o@

ta foi ál fõ,djla n,d isá Tyq h<s;a .uka lrkakg úh' hdr oyhla muK .sh

Tyq yÈisfha u kej;=fKa h' ìu isg wä lSmhla Wig fma<shg ;nk ,o r;s[a[d

fmÜá f.dv ÿgq Tyqf.a oEi úiaufhka fj<S .sfha h' r;s[a[d fmÜá lSmhla ìu

w;=rd o ;snqfKa h' Tyq tajd foi ́ kElñka n,d isákakg úh' r;s[a[d fmÜáfhys

msg jQ uy; .eyekshlf.a rEmh Tyqf.a is; weo .;af;a h' tjeks r;s[a[ fmÜá

;=kla .sh wjqreoafoa ;udg ,enqK ieá o Tyqg isys úh'

Tyqg keUqre ù ìu ;nd ;sfnk r;s[a[d fmÜáhla w,a,d ne,Sug is;sK' tfy;a

Tyq tfoi w; hj;au lvh we;=f<ys jQ kmqre fmkqulska hq;a ñksfyla lE.eiqfõ

h'

“WU <Õ i,a,s ;sfnkj o@”

“keye''' ke''' ye'''” hs Tyq miaig fjñka fifuka lSfõ h'

“tfykï tal .kak yeÿfõ@ m,hka hkak'''” hs Tyq blaì;sj r¿ y`äka fudr

.Efõ h'

Tyq lS jpk weiqK mshfiak ;=< ,eÊcdjla o lk.dgqjla o we;s úh' Tyq t;k

fkd isg bj;a ù .sfha h' “;d;a;d isáhd kï fï iefr;a wmsg r;s[a[d fmÜá

f.ke,a, fokjd” hs Tyq ;udg u lshd .;af;a h' ;d;a;d uereKq ieá .ek o Tyqg

isys ú h' ;d;a;d uerefKa b iamsß;d,fha h'

;ud fufia r;s[a[d fmÜá foi n,d isák úg wïud msgux ù hkakg we;ehs Tyqg

is;sK' wdmiq Èj .sh Tyq mdr ueog jq;a wdmiq ne,S h' tfy;a wïud tys fmfkkakg

fkd ù h' wïud wo fkd t;s hs o Tyqg jfrl is;sK' wïud fkd meñ‚h fyd;a

;ud f.or hkafka flfia o@


Tyqg yÈisfha ;ud meñ‚ ldrKh .ek o isys úh' ;udg jyd tk f,i iajdñÿj

lSjd h' ;ud meñ‚ ÿr muK ;j hEug ;sfí' Tyq blaukska .uka lrkakg úh'

is;=ú,sj,ska msÍ .sh Tyqg wïud .ek o" ;ud olsk foaj,a .ek o ;j;a fkdfhla

foa .ek o isys fjhs' oeka .fuys yeu ;ek u WkaÑ,a,d ne| we;' fujr f.or;a

WkaÑ,a,djla n¢kakg we;a o@ tfia nekaod kï th n¢kakg we;af;a w., woaor

fldia .fiys w;a;l úh hq;= h' .sh wjqreoafoa nekafoa o t;k u h' ;d;a;d ke;s

ksid WkaÑ,a,djla ne£ug flkl= fkdue;s hhs o Tyqg is;sK' flfia jqj o" oeka

isßfiak;a úchmd,;a wka wh iu. tl;= ù f.hs ms<slkafkys fodvï .i hg j,

lÊcq .ikq we;' .sh wjqreoafoys ;ud ;rï lsisfjla fkd Èkqfõ h' .sh wjqreoafoys

ÈkQ lcq ish,a, Tyq u,a,l oud ÿfuys ;enqfõ fuys tkakg iqudkhlg fmr h'

“wïfï" lcq u,a, ux tklï ldgj;a w,a,kak fokak tmd” hs Tyq tkag msg;a

jQ úg wïudg lSfõ h' ;j u th t;k u we;' oeka Tyqg h<s;a f.or hd fkd

yelafla wehs@ ;ud fufia w,a,d ne| ;nkafka l=ula o@ tfy;a oeka ;udg jqjukd

f,i isáh fkd yels nj Tyq okS' Tyqf.a is; fYdalfhka ue,fjkakg úh' “oeka

l=ula lrkag o@ fufyka mek hkakg neß o@ fï wE is;=ú,s ksIaM, nj Tyq okS'

tfy;a wïudg m‚jqvhla wßkakg neß o@ fu;rï fikÕ w;r fldfnda.u .ek

okakd wh fndfyda úh hq;= h' Tjqkaf.ka tll=g lSfjd;a wïudg tkakg lshd fkd

wkqudkj u m‚jqvhla weÍug yels jkq we;' Tyqf.a is; mS%;sfhka mskd hkakg

úh' wka;sfï § ;ud úiska l< hq;= foa isys ú‚ hhs Tyq i;=áka isky jQfha h'

fldfnda.u .ek okakd flfkla we;a oehs oeka fidhd ne,sh hq;= h' Tyq mdfrys

tyd fuyd hk whf.a uqyqK foi o kej;S lsisjla lrñka isá whf.a uqyqK foi o

´kElñka ne¨fõ h' ;udf.a isf;ys we;s jQ w¨;a mS%;sh ksid Tyqg ish,a, wu;l

úh'

;udg hdr folla muK wE;ska fldaÜ tlla ye| l=vhla w;ska.;a kdls ñksfyla

fifuka .uka flf<a h' mshfiak jyd ÿj f.dia Tyq yd l:d lrkakg úh'

“fï iSfha" fldfnda.u okakj o@”

kdls ñksyd keUqrej Tyq foi mqÿufhka fuka ne¨fõ h'

“fudlla o''' lSfõ'''”

mshfiak fmrg;a jvd yhsfhka l:d lf<a h'


“fldfnda.u okakj o@”

“keye''' ug weyqfKa keye'''” hs lS ñksyd fkd kej;Su .uka lf<a h'

mshfiak h<s;a jg msg n,ñka .uka lrkakg úh' fldfnda.u .ek okakd ;j

fndfyda fofkl= we;' mdfrys jQ lKqjlg fya;a;= ù m;a;rhla n,ñka isá flfkl=

ÿgq mshfiak Tyq fkd wkqudkj u fldfnda.u oks;s hs is;=fKa h' Tyq jyd ñksid

fj;g Èõfõ h'

“fï''' fldfnda.u okakjd o@”

ñksid kEiqKdla fuka m;a;rh lsfhõfõ h'

“fldfnda.u okakjd o@”

“m,hka hkak''' fmdâvla m;a;f¾j;a n,kak keye” hs ñksid ysi fkd Wiaid u

lE.eiqfõ h' Tyqf.a lE.eiSfuka ;e;s .;a mshfiak l:d fkd lr u hkag .sfha h'

mshfiak h<s;a jg msg n,ñka ùÓfhys fõÈldj Èf.a .uka lrkakg úh' ?

fnda ùug <xj we;s neúka oeka úÓfhys ñksiqka fnfyúka jeä h' nvq fj<|dï

lrkafkda fmrg o jvd lE.iñka nvq ñ, .Kkq;a tajd ,dn nj;a lSy' wr ne¨ka

fjf<kaodf.a lgy`v oeka fu;kg o wefia' Tyq fkd kej;S u lE.ihs' “Y; oyhhs'

´kE u tlla''' kx.s,dg u,a,s,dg f.kyska fokak'''” blaì;sj kdls ñksfila l=vd

lr;a;hla wÈñka o ;j lr;a; lSmhla w;ska t,a,d f.k o fõÈldj Èf.a .sfha h'

fõÈldfõ me;a;l ;rndre .Ekshla nq,;aúá j.hla úl=KkakS h' Tyq wE fj;g

fifuka <x jQfha h'

“fudl o úvla ´k o@” hs wE Tyq <x j;a u weiqjd h' Tyq wEg fifuka l:d

lf<a h'

“wdÉÑ" fldfnda.u okakjd o@”

“fudlla o@”

“fldfnda.u@”

“m,hka hkak" fldfnda.u .ek wykak wdjd'”


mshfiakf.a is; fYdalfhka msfrkakg úh' oeka Tyq fldfnda.u .ek lSmfofkl=f.ka

wid ;sfí' tfy;a bka lsisjl=g ta .ek lsj fkdyels úh' fu;rï ñksiqka bkakd

;ek ñka tflla j;a fldfnda.u .ek fkd oks;a o@ Tyq iqkajQ n,dfmdfrd;a;=j,ska

hq;=j jg msg ne¨fõ h'

“tahs <uhd" WUg ulal o ´kE@” hs fõÈldfõ u Bg u|la wE;ska jQ ñksfila

Tyqf.ka weiS h' ñksid Tyq bÈßfhys fnd;a;ï o" h;=re lgq o" oïje,a o oeuQ

fmÜáhla ;nd f.k isáfha h' mshfiak jyd Tyq fj; Èj .sfha h'

“fldfnda.u okakj o@”

ñksid Tyqf.a oEi o uqyqK o foi ne¨fõ h' blaì;sj Tyq ;udg u iskdiqfKa h'

“Tõ okakjd'”

ta jpkh wefi;a u mshfiakf.a isf;ys fuf;la we;s fkd jQ mS%;shla we;s úh' ta

úYajdi l< fkd yelaldla fuka Tyq h<s;a Tyqf.ka weiqfõ h'

“fldfnda.u okakjd o@”

“Tõ okakjd" b;ska fudlla o ´k@”

“tfykï wfma wïudg lshkak" fyg fldfydu yß udj tlal hkak tkak lsh,'

ug fufya bkak neß h" ux tlal hkak tkafkhs lshkak'”

“Wfò wïu frÈ yeÜg w¢k tlaflfkla fkao@” hs weiQ ñksid h<s;a y`v k.d

isky úh'

“Tõ' lshkak fldfydu yß udj tlal hkak tkakhs lsh, fyg Wfoa u'”

“ug kslï lshkak neye' Th wf;a ;sfhk i,a,sj,ska Y; oyhla §, fnd;a;ula

.kak ´k'”

mshfiak u|la l,n, ù jg msg ne¨fõ h' “i,a,s ke;s fkd lrf.k tkak ́ k” hs

msg;a jk úg iajdñÿj lS ieá Tyqg isys úK' tfy;a ;ud i; oyhla § fnd;a;ula

fkd .; fyd;a fudyq wïudg m‚jqvh fkd lshkq we;' f.or f.dia .=á lE hq;=

hhs Tyq is;=fõ h' Tyq Y; oyh § fnd;a;u .;af;a h'


lvh foig hkakg msg;a jQ Tyq wdmiq yeÍ h<s;a ñksidg l:d lf<a h'

“fldfydu yß lshkak fyg Wfoa u tkakh lsh,'”

“kE tajd Tlafldu yß” hs ñksyd lshkq Tyqg weisK'

Tyq f.or tk úg we¢ß jeàug wdikakj ;sìK' m%udoh .ek Tyq ìh úh' tfy;a

iajdñÿj ;ju;a uyñka isáhd h' Tyq kQ,a frdao f.kjq;a wEg fkd j l=iais wïudg

§ b;ssß i,a,s o ÿkafka h' kQ,a frdaoj, .Kk weh oks;shs o" ;ud ñksidg i;

oyhla ÿkanj oek .ks;shs o Tyq ìh úh' ta .ek weiqfjd;a ;udg .=á lkakg jkq

fkd wkqudk h' Tyq mehla muK l=iaishg ù isáfha h' tfy;a lsisfjla ta .ek

m%Yak fkd lf<a h'

?g lEu ld ksod .kakg jka Tyq fkdfhla foa .ek is;kakg úh' Tyqf.a is;

mS%;sfhka l=,au;aj kegqfõ h' fyg Wfoa u wïud meñK ;ud tlal hkq we;'

Tyq isysfkka ÿgqfõ o ;ud f.or f.dia isák nj h' Tyq f.g f.dv jQ ú.i f.d¿

u,a,S;a" kx.S;a ÿjf.k wdy' kx.S Tyqf.a weÕ flks;a;=fõ h'

“flda''' lcq u,a,'''@ flda'''@ WU,d ke;s lr,d'''” Tyq fldamfhka wik y`v o

weiqfKa h' “ke;s lr,d''' WU,d''' ux tklï'''” blaì;sj Tyq bls ì¢k y`v o

weisK'

.=Kodi wurfialr

flál;dj ri ú¢uq ²

Tn fï jk úg;a ‘wU hy¿fjda’" ‘ufvd,a ¥j’ jeks kjl;d lshjd we;' tajd

mqoa.,hka lSm fokl= jgd f.;=Kq" §¾> ld,hla ;siafia isÿ jqKq isÿùï È. yefrk

È. l;d hs' kjl;dj, tla isÿùula tla ;ekl isÿ fjhs' tys isákafka tla mqoa.,

lKavdhuls' ;j;a isoaêhla ;j ;efkl isÿ fjhs' tys isákafka fjk;a mqoa.,

lKavdhuls' fï isoaëka iïnkaO jkafka ;j;a ;ekl § h'

flál;dfõ tfia fkd fjhs' tla isoaêhla isÿ jkafka Bg fmr isoaêfha m%;sM,hla

jYfhks' isoaêhl m%;sM,h B<Õ isoaêhg fya;=jla fjhs' flál;dfõ wjia:d yd

isoaêj, ukd iïnkaOhla oelsh yels h' fï isÿùï tlsfklg iïnkaO jkafka

oïje,l mqrela fuks' fï ksid u m%Odk pß; b;d iSud iys; h' pß; tlla fyda

folla m%Odk fõ' ta ksid b;d flá ld,hl § isÿùï lSmhla muKla lshfjk

flá jQ l;dj flál;djls'

l;dfõ lshfjk wjia:d wm oEia bÈßfha uefjhs' mdGlhd fma%laIlhl= ù flál;dj

krUhs' olaI flál;dlrejd rEm ujñka ;u ks¾udKh fufia rij;a lrkafka

NdIdj u.sks' ta ta pß;j,g" ta ta wjia:djg yd ta ta iudc mßirhg .e<fmk

f,i NdIdfõ jpk yeisrùug ks¾udKlrejd iu;a fjhs' fuh flál;djl

id¾:l;ajhg fnfyúka n,mdhs' l;dj rij;a kï tl È.g lshjd wjika

lrkakg isf;hs' mdGl isf;ys l=;+y,h fyj;a fidhd oek .ekSfï wdYdj we;s

lrùu ks¾udKlrejdf.a ld¾hhls' tfuka u ta ta wjia:dj, § mdGl is;g ÿl"

wkqlïmdj" i;=g" wdYdj" Wmydih jeks yeÕSï oefkk wdldrhg l;dj bÈßm;a

lr ;sîu o id¾:l flál;djl ,laIKhls'

flál;djl we;af;a m%Odk isoaê tlls' wfkl=;a isoaê ta m%Odk isoaêhg wod< jk

m%Odk isoaêh yev flfrk wjfYaI isoaê hs' tajd m%Odk isoaêhg b;d ;Èka nef|k

isoaê úh hq;= h' flál;djl lsisÿ isoaêhla fyda pß;hla fyda wkjYH pß; fyda

isoaê fkdúh hq;= hs' ta ish,a, m%Odk isoaêh yd nef|k tajd ùu b;d jeo.;a fjhs'

flál;dj lshjd ri ú| wjika jk úg mdGlhd wmQre f,dalhlg msúfihs' ta

iu. u ;u Ôú;hg hula tl;= lr .kshs' tfia Tnf.a Ôú;hg hula tl;= lrk"

Tn wmQre f,dalhlg le|jd f.k hk flál;djla" id¾:l flál;djla f,i

w.h l< yels h' Tn lshjk flál;dj, by; lS ,laIK ;sfí oehs n,ñka

flál;d ri ú¢kak'


flál;dj ri ú¢uq ²

Tn fï jk úg;a ‘wU hy¿fjda’" ‘ufvd,a ¥j’ jeks kjl;d lshjd we;' tajd

mqoa.,hka lSm fokl= jgd f.;=Kq" §¾> ld,hla ;siafia isÿ jqKq isÿùï È. yefrk

È. l;d hs' kjl;dj, tla isÿùula tla ;ekl isÿ fjhs' tys isákafka tla mqoa.,

lKavdhuls' ;j;a isoaêhla ;j ;efkl isÿ fjhs' tys isákafka fjk;a mqoa.,

lKavdhuls' fï isoaëka iïnkaO jkafka ;j;a ;ekl § h'

flál;dfõ tfia fkd fjhs' tla isoaêhla isÿ jkafka Bg fmr isoaêfha m%;sM,hla

jYfhks' isoaêhl m%;sM,h B<Õ isoaêhg fya;=jla fjhs' flál;dfõ wjia:d yd

isoaêj, ukd iïnkaOhla oelsh yels h' fï isÿùï tlsfklg iïnkaO jkafka

oïje,l mqrela fuks' fï ksid u m%Odk pß; b;d iSud iys; h' pß; tlla fyda

folla m%Odk fõ' ta ksid b;d flá ld,hl § isÿùï lSmhla muKla lshfjk

flá jQ l;dj flál;djls'

l;dfõ lshfjk wjia:d wm oEia bÈßfha uefjhs' mdGlhd fma%laIlhl= ù flál;dj

krUhs' olaI flál;dlrejd rEm ujñka ;u ks¾udKh fufia rij;a lrkafka

NdIdj u.sks' ta ta pß;j,g" ta ta wjia:djg yd ta ta iudc mßirhg .e<fmk

f,i NdIdfõ jpk yeisrùug ks¾udKlrejd iu;a fjhs' fuh flál;djl

id¾:l;ajhg fnfyúka n,mdhs' l;dj rij;a kï tl È.g lshjd wjika

lrkakg isf;hs' mdGl isf;ys l=;+y,h fyj;a fidhd oek .ekSfï wdYdj we;s

lrùu ks¾udKlrejdf.a ld¾hhls' tfuka u ta ta wjia:dj, § mdGl is;g ÿl"

wkqlïmdj" i;=g" wdYdj" Wmydih jeks yeÕSï oefkk wdldrhg l;dj bÈßm;a

lr ;sîu o id¾:l flál;djl ,laIKhls'

flál;djl we;af;a m%Odk isoaê tlls' wfkl=;a isoaê ta m%Odk isoaêhg wod< jk

m%Odk isoaêh yev flfrk wjfYaI isoaê hs' tajd m%Odk isoaêhg b;d ;Èka nef|k

isoaê úh hq;= h' flál;djl lsisÿ isoaêhla fyda pß;hla fyda wkjYH pß; fyda

isoaê fkdúh hq;= hs' ta ish,a, m%Odk isoaêh yd nef|k tajd ùu b;d jeo.;a fjhs'

flál;dj lshjd ri ú| wjika jk úg mdGlhd wmQre f,dalhlg msúfihs' ta

iu. u ;u Ôú;hg hula tl;= lr .kshs' tfia Tnf.a Ôú;hg hula tl;= lrk"

Tn wmQre f,dalhlg le|jd f.k hk flál;djla" id¾:l flál;djla f,i

w.h l< yels h' Tn lshjk flál;dj, by; lS ,laIK ;sfí oehs n,ñka

flál;d ri ú¢kak'


wjfndaOh

1' ksjiska msgj Ôj;a ùug mshfiakg isÿ jQfha wehs@

2' ujf.a mud ùu .ek mshfiak ìhg;a ÿlg;a m;a l< is;sú,a, úia;r

lrkak'

3' uj ms<sn|j jQ is;sú,a, fudfyd;lg isf;ka bj;a jQ nj oelafjk m%ldYh

Wmqgd olajkak'

4' f.or hEug mshfiak ;=< jQ wdYdfjka whq;= f,i m%fhdack .;af;a ljqre o@

5' mshfiak ÿgq isyskfhka l;=jrhd bÕs lrkafka l=ula oehs Tfí woyia

olajkak'

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' my; i|yka m%ldY ljqreka úiska ld yg l=uk wjia:djl lshk ,o oehs

,shkak'

¸' “uka WU wjqreoaog tlal hkak tkjd” ¸¸' “wfka n,d .kak fyd| yeá” ¸¸¸' “wfma wïudg fudlj;a jqfKd;skq;a okakkj o@” ¸¹' “tfykï tal .kak yeÿfõ" m,hka hkak”¹' “Wfò wïu frÈ yeÜg w¢k tlaflfkla fkao@”

2' my; i|yka isoaê wkqms<sfj<g ilid kej; ,shkak'

¸' wjqreÿ Èkh fygg fh§ ;sfnk neúka uj tkafka oehs úuis,af,ka

n,hs'

¸¸' ksjiska msg ù hkakg fkdyels nj mjiñka y`vd jefgoa§ uj ;ud

ldrhg kxjd ysi isU ikihs'

¸¸¸' uj wk;=rlg m;a ù oeZhs ìhla oekS l=iais wïudf.ka tjeks isoaê .ek

f;dr;=re úuihs'


¸¹' ldrfhka meñ‚ wh Tyq fufyldr orejl= f,i ksjilg le|jd f.k

ths'

¹' wjqreoaog Èk lSmhlg fmr ujg ,smshla hjhs'

¹¸' wïudg m‚úvhla heùug fldfnda.u .ek okakd flkl= fidhoa§

lmá ñksil=g /jfghs'

¹¸¸' fkdak uy;auhdg l;=r §ug .sh wjia:dfõ wu;l ù" f.h msgux lr

hk uj u. yerefKa hhs is;d f.aÜgqj foig ÿj hhs'

¹¸¸¸' ;ud le|jd f.k hdug tk njg uj ÿka fmdfrdkaÿj isys lrñka we¢ß

jefgk ;=re mdr foi ,nd isáoa§ ksji yd tys fjfikakka isyshg

kef.hs'

¸º' wjqreÿ NdKavj,g is; we§ hoa§ ;u mshd iy Tyqf.a urKh isyshg

kef.hs'

º' lsisfjl=g fyda we,a,Sugj;a bv fkd fok f,i lshd uj Ndrfha ;nd

wd lcqu,a, ksjeishka ke;s lr we;s nj isyskfhka olshs'

3' fï flál;dfõ we;=<;a" isf;ys uefjk wjia:d úia;r lrkak'

4' ujf.a meñŒu yd wjqreoao .; lrk wdldrh .ek mshfiakf.a ys; ;=<

mj;sk n,dfmdfrd;a;=j ksrEmKh jk wjia:d úia;r lrkak'

5' flál;dfõ wjidkh Tn leu;s wdldrhlg ks¾udKh lr fï l;dj

bÈßhg f.dvk.kak'

m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' úúO w;aoelSï mdol lr .ksñka ,shjqKq flál;d lshjkak'

2' flál;djl ;sìh hq;= .=Kdx. /l .ksñka flál;djla ks¾udKh lrkak'

3' mqj;am;aj, m< j k fl ál;d f.dkq l r fmd;l a ks¾udKh l rkak'


ienE f<ka.;=lu

iudcfha Ôj;a jk ñksiqka" i;=ka wd§ka

fuka u l,ams; i;a;aj pß; o fhdod

.ksñka f.;+ l;d /ila wm yuqfõ

mj;shs' tajd ks¾udKd;aul m%nkaO

.Khg we;=<;a fjhs' ks¾udKd;aul

m%nkaO rplhd lshjkakd ;=< l;d

rihla ckkh jk mßÈ ish l;dj

f.;a;ï lrhs' tys,d WÑ; nia jyr"

Wmud wdÈ w,xldr" pß;" wjia:d yd

isÿùï we;=<;a j¾Kkd o Wmfhda.s lr

.kS' l;dj wjika jkafka mdGlhdg hï

WmfoaYhla fyda ieÕjqKq Ôjkd¾:hla o

imhñks'

fï mdvu ydkaia ls%iaáhka wekav¾ikaf.a

‘khsáxf.a,a’ kï l;dj weiqfrka

ieliqKls'

fvkaudla cd;slhl= jQ wekav¾ika

1805 § Wm; ,eî h' 1875 § Ôú;fhka

iuq.kakd úg kjl;d" kdgH yd ldjH

.Kkdjla ,shd ;sìK' <uhska i|yd Tyq

,shQ l;d f,dj mqrd ckms%h úh' mqxÑ

Èh ls÷ßh" wj,iaik ;drdjd" ysu /ck"

khsáxf.a,a tn÷ l;dj,ska lsysmhls'

10


b;d wE; ld,fhys Ökfhys w.kd mdIdKfhka ;ekQ oel=ïl¨ ud,s.djl f;afcda

n, mrdl%ufhka hq;= wêrdcfhla jdih lf<a h' ud,s.dj jgd kka meyefhka hq;a

iqj| u,ska msß rela iys; jfkdaoHdkhla úh' tys we;s ß§ iSkq t,a,k ,o u,aj,ska

kefÕk lsxls‚ kdoh o tajdfha iqkaor;ajh o ÿgq ÿgqjka is;a ne| .ekSug iu;a úh'

WoHdkfha isg ihqre bu f;la úysÿKq uyd jkhls' tys ,iaikg iskaÿ lshk

lsß,a,shla jQjd h' wef.a lkal¨ .dhkh fl;rï oehs lsjfyd;a jevm< wêl jQ

ÿmam;a uiqka urkafkda o ta .dhkfhka wukaodkkaohg m;a jQy'

iEu rglska u meñ‚ ixpdrlfhda wêrdchdf.a fm%!V ud,s.h;a u,ska msß WoHdkh;a

krUd tajdfha iqkaor;ajh w.h l<y' tfy;a mqxÑ lsß,a,shf.a .dhkh weiQ l,ays

wka ish,a,g u jvd th w;sYhska ñysß nj Tjqyq m%;HlaIfhka o;ay' wêrdchdf.a

ud,s.dj;a" Wµdkh;a" mqxÑ lsß,a,shf.a uOqr .dhkh;a w,<d fndfyda m%nkaO m<

úh' fï m%nkaOhla wêrdchd w;g o m;a úh'

;u WoHdkfha iskaÿ lshk mqxÑ lsß,a,shl jik neõ tu.ska oek .;a wêrdchd

fnfyúka úiauhg m;aj rdc iNdj le|ù h'

“fï fmd;aj, iskaÿ lshk wreu mqÿu lsß,a,shl udf.a rdcOdksfha isák nj ,shd

;sfnkjd' ug fï jk ;=re ta j.la fkd lsõfõ wehs@”

Tyq úuid isáfha h'

“wêrdchdKks" wms oek isáfha keye' tn÷ lsß,a,shl .ek'”

Tjqyq .reirej lshd isáhy'

“wksl fmd;a m;aj, ;sfhk yeu fohla u we;a; úh fkd yelshs' wêrdchdKks"” Tjqyq ;jÿrg;a mejiQy'

“kE kE' tfyu fjkak nE' fuh cmdkfha wêrdchd tjQ fmd;la' tys f;dr;=re

wi;H úh fkd yels hs' tu wreu mqÿu lsß,a,sh wo ikaOHdjg fmr ud yuqjg

muqKqjkak' tfia fkd jqfKd;a Tn yeu fok we;=ka ,jd md.jd urKhg m;a

flfrkq we;s'”

wêrdchd ksfhda. lf<a h'

hqjrcq we;=¿ uq¿ rdc iNdj u l,n,hg m;a jQy' ud,s.dfõ wiaila uq,a,la


kEr fijqj;a mqxÑ lsß,a,sh .ek okakd lsisfjla Tjqkag yuq fkd ùh' wka;sfï

§ ud,s.dfõ uq¿;ekaf.hs isák fufyldr oeßhl Tjqkag yuq úh'

“uu okakjd ,iaik iskaÿ lshk ta lsß,a,sh bkak ;ek' f,v fj,d bkak udf.a

ÿmam;a wïud ne,Sug ud,s.dfjka wjir f.k jk fm;g f.dia weh n,d wdmiq

tk úg uykaishg le,Efõ .suka yßoa§ uu wehf.a .dhkh wyf.k bkakjd' ta

.dhkh yß ñysßhs'”

“mqxÑ oeßh" Tn wmg weh isák ;ekla fmkajkak' uq¿;ekaf.hs fyd| ;k;=rla

iu. wêrdchd wdydr .kakd yeá n,kak;a wms Tnj tlal hkakï'”

Tjqkaf.a b,a,Sug ´ tlÕ jQjd h'

iskaÿ lshk mqxÑ lsß,a,sh fidhd jkfm;g hk .ukg rdc iNdfõ fndfyda

fofkla weh miqmi .uka l<y'

úúO i;=kaf.a rdj m%;srdj ueÈka WoHdkh o jkfm; o yryd hk Tjqkag oejeka;

.il w;a;l ,e. isák mqxÑ lsß,a,sh oel .ekSug ,eì‚'

oeßhf.a b,a,Sfuka mqxÑ lsß,a, ke.+ kdoh ish,a,kaf.a u foijkays ó ì÷

fy<kakdla fuka úh' tu ñysß kdoh wêrdchd bÈßfha mj;ajk f,i Tjqyq

ne.Em;a jQy'

“uf.a .dhkh jvd ñysß jkafka fï iqkaor yß; jk fm; ;=< hs'” wE lshd

isáhd h' tfy;a wjidkfha ´ Tjqkaf.a wdhdpkhg tlÕ jQjd h'

mqxÑ lsß,a,shf.a wd.ukh wfmalaIdfjka ud,s.dj w;Hq;al¾Ij;a f,i irid ;sì‚'

oyia .Kka m%§mhkaf.a wf,dalfhka rdc ukaÈrh §ma;su;a úh' kka meyefhka hq;=

iqkaor u,aj, t,a,k ,o mqxÑ iSkq kdo foñka mej;s‚'

iqúi,a Yd,dfõ uOHfha iú lrk ,o rkauqjd w;a;la mqxÑ lsß,a,sh i|yd fjka úh'

uq¿ rdc iNdj Tjqkag ysñ úis;=re we÷fuka ieriS meñK isáhy' l=vd fufyldßhg

fodr <Õ /£ bkakg wjir ,eìKs' ish,a,kaf.a u wjOdkh fhduq jQfha w¿ meye

mqxÑ lsß,a,sh fj; h'

wêrdchdf.a werhqfuka mqxÑ lsß,a,sh ke.+ ñhqre .S ißka yeu fokdf.a u yoj;a

uqim;a úh' wef.a .S ko oeä yola we;s wêrdchdf.a fk;g l÷¿ kexùug iu;a


úh' wêrdchd ta .S kÈka fl;rï i;=gq jQfha o h;a mqxÑ lsß,a,shf.a f., jgd rka

máhla m,|jkakg Tyq ksfhda. lf<a h' weh fj; f.!rjh o ia;=;sh o m< fldg

;E.s fokakg o iQodkï úh'

“uu oelald wêrdchdf.a weiaj,g l÷¿ Wkkjd' th ud ,o Wiia u ;Hd.h hs'”

fufia lS mqxÑ lsß,a,sh kej;;a jvd;a .S;d;aulj .ehqjd h'

wef.a meñŒu uq¿ rdc iNdj u m%fndaOj;a lf<a h' weh fjkqfjka u l+vqjla

;eksK' id;a;= imamdhï lsÍug fiajlfhda weh fjkqfjka ks, lrk ,oy' uq¿

k.rh u wef.a .dhkfhka ika;=Iaáhg m;a jQy'

tla Èkla wêrdchd fj; ‘khsáxf.a,a’ ku ,shQ md¾i,hla ,eìK' ;u lsß,a,sh

.ek ,shQ w¨;a fmd;la hehs is;d th újD; l< wêrdchdg olakg ,enqfKa

iÔú rEmdldrfhka fmfkk fia ksujk ,o lD;s%u khsáxf.a,a lsß,a,shls' th

jhska l< ú.i lD;s%u lsß,a,sh ienE lsß,a,sh fia .dhkd l<d h' .S ko weiQ

ish,af,da u uy;a fia m%fudaohg m;a jQy'

lD;s%u lsß,a,sh flfuka flfuka jvd;a ckms%h jQjd h' wef.a .dhkh kej;

kej;;a wikakg yels ùu Bg fya;=jla úh' ienE lsß,a,sh fuka fkd j úis ;sia

jrla jqj ´ tl È.g .ehqjd h' ienE lsß,a,sh fj; wjOdkh ySk úh' wE kej;;a

jk fm; lrd mshdir l<d h'

wef.a m,d hEu .ek weiQ ish¨ u rdc iNslfhda weh b;d .=Kul= i;l= nj

mjiñka wehg fodia ke.+y'

t;eka mgka lD;s%u lsß,a,sh ud,s.dfõ ienE khsáxf.a,a jQjd h' rdc iNdfõ

ix.S;{hd o wehf.a yelshdj yqjd oelaù h' Tyq wef.a yelshdj .ek j¾Kkd;aul

fmd;a ,sù h' Woyig ,laj md.d oukq ,en urKhg m;aùug ìfhka fndfyda fokd

tajd lshjQ nj weÕjQy' lD;s%u lsß,a,sh fnfyúka ckms%h jQjd h' we;eïyq wef.a y`v

wkqlrKh l<y'

tla iekaoEjl wêrdchd ish wk¾> ihkfhys je;sr isáoa§ jdokh fjñka mej;s

lD;s%u khsáxf.a,af.a .S;h ysáyeáfha k;r úh' hka;%h leã ì£ .sfha h' rcq jyd

ke.sg Trf,daiq idokakd ,jd ms<sfj<g ilia lrjQj;a th iïmQ¾Kfhka h:d

;;a;ajhg m;a fkd ù h' tys ls%hdldß;ajh fnfyúka ySk úh'


wjqreÿ myla muK .; úh' wêrdchd f,v we|g jkafka h' Tyq iïmQ¾Kfhka

iqÿue,s úh' uq¿ rdc iNdj u wêrdchd u<e hs is;+y' ihkd.drfha cfk,a

mshka újD;j ;eìK' ta wi, jQ lD;s%u lsß,a,sh u;ska i| t<sh .,d wdfõ h'

urKdikak jQ wêrdchdf.a is; ;=<g Tyq l< fyd| krl ls%hd N+; fjiska

fmfkkakg úh' Tyq lE .eiqfõ h'

“mqxÑ rka lsß,a,sh" .dhkd lrkak' uu Tfí f.f,ys rka m,|kdjla mjd me,÷fjñ'

.hkak" .hkak”

ienE lsß,a,shf.a ;ek .;a lD;s%u lsß,a,sh ksy`v h' wehf.ka lsisÿ .ehqula msg

fkd ù h' Tyqf.a wdhdpkh ksIaM, úh' urKfha fijKe,s wêrdchdf.a isrer

je,| .ksñka ;sìK' weÕ m; isis,aj .sfha h'

újr jQ cfk,a ljq¿j ;=<ska ñysß jQ ix.S; rdjhla wefikakg úh' ta ñhqre y`v

wi, jQ w;a;l jid isá ienE khsáxf.a,a lsß,a,shf.a h'

ta .dhkh wefi;a u wêrdchd yuqfõ jQ urKfha ìhlre fijKe,s myj .sfha h'

f,a .uk m%lD;su;a úh' Ôj;a ùfï wdYdj Tyq ;=< h<s oe,aúKs'

“mqxÑ khsáxf.a,a" fndfyda u ia;=;shs' ud jrla Tnj uf.a rdcOdksfhka msgux l<d'

ta;a Tn udj msgux lf<a keye' Tn ;ju ud iu. bkakjd' Tfí ñysß .S; rdjfhka

urKh ud fj;ska m,d .shd' Tng ud flfia m%;Hqmldr lrkak o@”

wêrdchd ññŒ h'

“Tn oekgu;a ug m%;Hqmldr lr wjika' uu .ehQ m<uq Èkfha § u Tfí weiaj,

.eÆ l÷¿ ug fyd|g u;l hs' ug th wu;l keye' oeka ksokak' iqjm;a jkak'

ud Tng kej; kej;;a .hkakï'”

fufia lS weh .S; .h;a u wêrdchd iqj myiq kskaolg jkafka h' Tyq wjÈ jQfha

m%lD;s ;;a;ajhg meñŒfuks'

lsisu fiajlfhla meñK fkd isáfha h' ienE khsáxf.a,a muKla wêrdchd wi,

jQjd h' ish,a,ka isáfha Tyq ñh hkakg we;ehs is;ñks'

“Tn yeuodu ud wi, u bkak' lD;s%u khsáxf.a,aj ud l=vq mÜgï lrkakï'”


“kE kE" tfia lrkak tmd' weh mq¿jka ;rï ld,hla wef.a fufyh bgq l<d'”

´ lSjd h'

“ug ud,s.dj iqÿiq ;ekla fkd fjhs' ug l+vqjla ;kkak' t;a ud leu;s úg

muKla tys meñfKkakg bv fokak' ud cfka,h wìhi b| f.k Tfí i;=g

Wfoid .hkakï' ud Tfí lsre<g jvd .=Koï /¢ Tfí yoj;g hs leu;s' uu .S

.hkakï' yenehs tl fmdfrdkaÿjla fokak' fï mqxÑ lsß,a,sh bkak ;ek ldgj;a

lshkak tmd'” tfia lshQ ´ jkhg b.s< .shd h'

wjfndaOh

1' mqxÑ lsß,a,sh i;= jQ wmQre yelshdj l=ula o@

2' ;u jfkdaµdkfha jik lsß,a,sh .ek wêrdchd oek .;af;aa flfia o@

3' hqjrc we;=¿ rdc iNdj l,n,hg m;a jQfha wehs@

4' wêrdchd mqxÑ lsß,a,sh fj; f.!rjh oelaùu i|yd lf<a l=ula o@

5' lD;s%u lsß,a,sh jvd;a ckms%h ùug ;=vq ÿka fya;=jla ,shkak'

6' my; i|yka m%ldYj,ska yefÕk woyi Tfí jpkfhka ,shkak'

¸' uf.a .dhkh jvd ñysß jkafka fï iqkaor jkfm; ;=< hs'

¸¸' uu oelald wêrdchdf.a weiaj, l÷¿ Wkkjd' th ud ,o Wiia u

;Hd.h hs'

ydkaia ls%iaáhka wekav¾ika


,sÅ; wNHdi

1' ienE f<ka.;=lu l:dfjka ,nd fok WmfoaYh Tfí jpkfhka ,shkak'

2' my; § we;s fldgiaj,ska tl fldgila bjy,a lr .ksñka l;djla

f.d;kak'

¸' iqf,ald olaI oeßhls' l=vd ld,fha isg úúO w.ysÕlïj,g uqyqK

§ug wehg isÿ úh' ta ish¨ wNsfhda. ch f.k ÈhqKqfõ by<g

hEug wehg yels úh'

¸¸' ;o bfvdarfhka mßirh r;a ù f.disks' uqj meáhd ;u uj fidhd

.sfha h' l=Kq li< lkaola wi, ìu weo jeà isák ;u ujg

ñksiqka id;a;= lrk whqre oel Wf.a is;g i;=gla we;s úh'

¸¸¸' .fï mdi,l bf.k f.k wOHdmkfhka fuka u lS%vdfjka o

oialï oelajQ Tyq ffO¾hiïmkak orefjls' ;u isf;ys jQ me;=u

Tyq ienE lr .kafka rgg u f.!rjhla w;a lr foñks'

kdu mo ²

mdvfï we;=<;a my; oelafjk jpk foi n,kak' fïjd kdu mo jYfhka

ye¢kafjhs'

wêrdchd Tyq lsß,a,sh

uu fiajlfhda fufyldßh

wE l÷¿ WoHdkh

ud,s.dj k.rh u,a

l;d lsÍfï §;a ,sùfï §;a mqoa.,hka yd jia;+ka oelaùu i|yd úúO kdu mo fhdod

.ekSug isÿ fjhs' tajd ifÉ;ksl ^mK we;s& fyda wfÉ;ksl ^mK ke;s& fyda úh

yels h'


,sÅ; wNHdi

1' ienE f<ka.;=lu l:dfjka ,nd fok WmfoaYh Tfí jpkfhka ,shkak'

2' my; § we;s fldgiaj,ska tl fldgila bjy,a lr .ksñka l;djla

f.d;kak'

¸' iqf,ald olaI oeßhls' l=vd ld,fha isg úúO w.ysÕlïj,g uqyqK

§ug wehg isÿ úh' ta ish¨ wNsfhda. ch f.k ÈhqKqfõ by<g

hEug wehg yels úh'

¸¸' ;o bfvdarfhka mßirh r;a ù f.disks' uqj meáhd ;u uj fidhd

.sfha h' l=Kq li< lkaola wi, ìu weo jeà isák ;u ujg

ñksiqka id;a;= lrk whqre oel Wf.a is;g i;=gla we;s úh'

¸¸¸' .fï mdi,l bf.k f.k wOHdmkfhka fuka u lS%vdfjka o

oialï oelajQ Tyq ffO¾hiïmkak orefjls' ;u isf;ys jQ me;=u

Tyq ienE lr .kafka rgg u f.!rjhla w;a lr foñks'

kdu mo ²

mdvfï we;=<;a my; oelafjk jpk foi n,kak' fïjd kdu mo jYfhka

ye¢kafjhs'

wêrdchd Tyq lsß,a,sh

uu fiajlfhda fufyldßh

wE l÷¿ WoHdkh

ud,s.dj k.rh u,a

l;d lsÍfï §;a ,sùfï §;a mqoa.,hka yd jia;+ka oelaùu i|yd úúO kdu mo fhdod

.ekSug isÿ fjhs' tajd ifÉ;ksl ^mK we;s& fyda wfÉ;ksl ^mK ke;s& fyda úh

yels h'

kdu moj, iajrEmh wkqj tajd

² kdu kdu

² i¾j kdu

² iudi kdu

² ;oaê; kdu

² lDoka; kdu

hkqfjka j¾. mylg fnod oelafjhs'

kdu kdu hkq idudkH kdu mo hs' tajd my; oelafjk mßÈ fldgia lSmhla f,i

y÷kd .; yels h'

cd;s kdu

lsishï cd;shla" j¾.hla f,i oelaúh yels kdu mo hs' fïjd mK we;s ̂ m%dKjdÑ&

fyda mK ke;s ^wm%dKjdÑ& fyda úh yels h'

WodyrK( we;a" ñksia" mlaIs" .srd" isxy" f.dú" foõ

fk¨ï" fo,a" fmd,a" ´¨" fldfydU" i÷ka" f.dgqfld<

øjH kdu

hï øjHhla oelafjk kdu øjH kdu h' fïjd wm%dKjdÑ fyj;a wfÉ;k .Kfha

kdu fõ'

WodyrK( mia" .,a" je,s" ueá" Èh" or

fmd;a" mEka" weia" w;a" jdyk

.=K kdu

mqoa.,hka yd øjHhka ms<sn| .=Khla" iajNdjhla fyda úfYaI;ajhla fmkajk

kdu .=K kdu fjhs'

WodyrK( mgq" Wia" uy;" ishqï" ;o

olaI" ;reK" uy¨" fudav" ymka


ls%hd kdu

lsishï kduhlska ls%hd w¾:hla yeÕfõ kï tn÷ kdu ls%hd kdu kï fõ'

WodyrK( n,k" ÿjk" krUk" úuiQ" ms¥

,shqï" kegqï" úuiSï" lshuka

ix{d kdu

lsishï flkl= ia:dkhla fyda øjHhla úfYaIfhka y÷kd .ekSu i|yd fhdokafka

ix{d kdu h'

WodyrK( ksu,a" rx." ÿ,dks" mshfiak" chks"

.d,a," uyj" ,kavka" isâks" bkaÈhdj

is¿ñK" iqiqls" f,dajev iÕrdj

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' fuys we;s kdu mo my; oelafjk j.=jg ksjerÈj we;=<;a lrkak'

l=re,a,d" cfka,h" oej" ú," lmá" nxl=j" n,anh" l¿;r"

wr,sh" je÷ï" nih" rdcisxy" ñá" ;drdjd" i¾mhd" úYd," lEor"

olskafka" isÕuka" nd," f,daN" fldia" fmar" leú,s" lshk"

ufy!IO" cïnq" lvqfj," óß.u" îu" f,day" ÿgq.euqKq" iqÿ"

fld<U" .ehqï

cd;s kdu øjH kdu .=K kdu ls%hd kdu ix{d kdu


fmd; m; mßyrKfha § my; oelafjk wdldrfha kdu mo o Tng yuq fjhs'

uu" wms" Tyq" fya" Tjqyq

kdu mohla fjkqjg fhÈh yels fujeks kdu mo ye¢kafjkafka i¾j kdu mo

hkqfjks'

Tn" f;dms" kqU" kqU,d" fudjqyq" ´" fya" th" tajd wdÈ mo o ;j;a tn÷

i¾j kdu fjhs'

;oaê; m%;Hh tla jQ úg iEfok kdu mo ;oaê; kdu f,i ye¢kafõ'

kduh ;oaê; m%;Hh ;oaê; kdu

.ï ¬ b - .eñ

foaY ¬ Bh - foaYSh

iudc ¬ bl - idudðl

ld, ¬ Bk - ld,Sk

n, ¬ j;a - n,j;a

nqoaê ¬ u;a - nqoaêu;a

{dk ¬ jka; - {dkjka;

msh ¬ wdK - mshdK

mq;a ¬ wKq - mq;Kq

ud ¬ w‚ - uE‚

ÿn, ¬ ;d - ÿn,;d

yels ¬ wd - yelshd

bkaÈhd ¬ kq - bkaÈhdkq

YsIH ¬ ;aj - YsIH;aj

rka ¬ uqjd - rkauqjd

f,day ¬ uh - f,dayuh

kdu mo folla fyda lSmhla tla ùfuka iEfokafka iudi kdu hs'


.ia o je,a o - .iaje,a

.=re o fo.=re o - .=re fo.=re

br o y| o ;re o - bry|;re

u| fõ.fhka yuk iq<x - u|iq<x

u,a jeks yskdj - u,ayskdj

is,a myla we;af;a - mkais,a

lsfrka msiQ n;a - lsßn;a

uqks÷g lrk mqo - uqksmqo

we;df.a o< - we;ao<

.fuys jeis - .ïjeis

hym;a ckhd - iqok

m;a ishhla we;af;a - ishm;a

ls%hd kdu hgf;a oelajQ ls%hdjla weiqfrka iEfok kdu lDoka; kdu hkqfjka o

ye¢kafõ'

krUkakd" jjkafkda" ÿgqfjda" n,kakd" ysÕkakd" rlskafkda hk kdu mo ls%hd kdu

fyj;a lDoka; kdu mohs'

,sÅ; wNHdi

my; oelafjk mo" i¾j kdu" iudi kdu" ;oaê; kdu yd lDoka; kdu jYfhka

fjka lr olajkak'

mshdfKda" Tjqyq" meñŒu" fmd;am;a" ,nkakd" wfYdaNk" rc;uh"

´f;dfuda" ÿjkakS" ueá n÷ka" úfoaYSh" ud" ,shqï" olaI;d" th" lïlre"

keKj;a" wm" k¿ks<s" kgk

¸' i¾j kdu( '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

¸¸' iudi kdu( '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

¸¸¸' ;oaê; kdu( ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

¸¹' lDoka; kdu( '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''


isß ,xld rg u wms

;uka Wmka foaYh ms<sn| we,aula we;s

´kE u mqoa.,hl=f.a yoj; foaYdNsudkh"

foaYdkqrd.h" foaYysff;ISNdjh

yd foaYjd;ai,Hh n÷ yeÕSïj,ska

mßmQ¾K h' iajlSh ksc N+ñfhys úfYaI

wkkH;d m%lg jk mßÈ ks¾udKh jQ

lú yd .S; wdÈh mßYS,kfhka tu

yeÕSï ;jÿrg;a ;Sj% fjhs' tn÷ yeÕSï

foaYdNsudks yeÕSï f,i ye¢kafjhs'

‘jeis jiskd wyi wms’ uy.u fialr

úiska rÑ; foaYdNsudks .S mo ud,djls'

rfÜ ÈhqKqj Wfoid fjfyi uykais ù

lghq;= lsÍfï w.h fï ks¾udKfhka

biau;= flfrhs' mKaä;a ví,sõ' ã'

wurfoaj m%uqL msßif.a .dhkfhka fï

.Sh mßmQ¾K ù we;'

lúh" .S; mo ud,dj" kjl;dj"

kdgHh" Ñ;%mgh" flál;d fuka

u is;=jïlrKfhys woaú;Sh olaI;d

m%lg l< lD;yia; l,dlrejl= f,i

uy.u fialr iïNdjkdjg md;% fjhs'

ta w;ßka mdGlhka yd úpdrlhkaf.a

jeä wjOdkh Èkd f.k we;af;a Tyqf.a

lú iy .S; mo ud,d hs'

11


m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' fï .S;h ßoaudkql+,j .dhkd lrkak'

2' fjk;a foaYdNsudks .S; fidhd tajdhska lshfjk woyi ,shkak'

3' foaYdNsudks yeÕSï we;s lrjk lú fm<la ms<sn| újrKhla lrkak'

4' foaYdNsudks yeÕSï cks; lrjk úúO idys;Hdx. fidhd tajdhska lshfjk

woyia o we;=<;a jk fia l=vd fmd;la ks¾udKh lrkak'

läir <uhd fõ.fhka ,shhs

kdu úfYaIKh kdu moh ls%hd úfYaIKh ls%hd moh

by; jdlHh foi n,kak' tys ‘<uhd’ hk kdu moh úia;r lr olajk ‘läir’ hkak kdu úfYaIKh f,i ie,fla' tys § ‘<uhd’ hkak úfYaIHh f,i ie,fla'

kdu úfYaIKh u.ska úia;r lsÍug Ndckh jk neúks' ‘,shhs’ hk ls%hdj úia;r

lrk ‘fõ.fhka’ hkak fuys ls%hd úfYaIKh fjhs'

Tn 6 fYa%‚fha § o kdu úfYaIK yd ls%hd úfYaIK ms<sn|j Wf.k we;' ta oekqu

o isysm;a lr n,kak' my; wNHdij, kshe,S ta oekqu w¨;a lr .kak'

úfYaIK mo ²

jeis jiskd wyi wms

uq;= n¢kd uqyqo wms

ñ‚ Èf,kd fmdf<dj wms

isß ,xld rg u wms

wfma me;=ï wyig úys§ hhs

lïy,aj, ÿï j<¨ Èf.a

wfma u oyÈh uq.=re .,d ths

.x fyda we< fod< l÷re jf.a

forK m<d r;= leg u;=jkakg

wm w; fok ;=re n,d ys£

n,jq fhdud fk; rfÜ u udj;

wfma w;ska f.dv kef.k yeá

f.dúfhda wms lïlrefjda

rg rlskd ck;dfjda

.; /¢ ÿyqú,s rknrKhs

oyÈh uv ú,jqka iqj|hs

rg fjkqfjka .; is; fjfyfihs

is; i;=fÜ W,am; t;ekhs

f.dúfhda wms lïlrefjda

rg rlskd ck;dfjda

wjfndaOh

1' fï .Sfha m<uq jk fldgig wkqj rfÜ m%Odk fldgia ;=k fudkjd o@

2' .Sfha lshefjk c, uQ,dY%h 5la kï lrkak'

3' rfÜ udj; f.dv kef.kafka ld w;ska o@

4' rg fjkqfjka .; is; fjfyik ckhdf.a .; ÿyqú,s" oyÈh" uv lúhd

Wmud lr olajkafka fudkjdg o@

5' rgla f.dv ke.Sug tys fjfik ckhdf.a Y%u odhl;ajfha jeo.;alu

lSug lúhd Ndú; lr we;s fhÿu l=ula o@

uy.u fialr


m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' fï .S;h ßoaudkql+,j .dhkd lrkak'

2' fjk;a foaYdNsudks .S; fidhd tajdhska lshfjk woyi ,shkak'

3' foaYdNsudks yeÕSï we;s lrjk lú fm<la ms<sn| újrKhla lrkak'

4' foaYdNsudks yeÕSï cks; lrjk úúO idys;Hdx. fidhd tajdhska lshfjk

woyia o we;=<;a jk fia l=vd fmd;la ks¾udKh lrkak'

läir <uhd fõ.fhka ,shhs

kdu úfYaIKh kdu moh ls%hd úfYaIKh ls%hd moh

by; jdlHh foi n,kak' tys ‘<uhd’ hk kdu moh úia;r lr olajk ‘läir’ hkak kdu úfYaIKh f,i ie,fla' tys § ‘<uhd’ hkak úfYaIHh f,i ie,fla'

kdu úfYaIKh u.ska úia;r lsÍug Ndckh jk neúks' ‘,shhs’ hk ls%hdj úia;r

lrk ‘fõ.fhka’ hkak fuys ls%hd úfYaIKh fjhs'

Tn 6 fYa%‚fha § o kdu úfYaIK yd ls%hd úfYaIK ms<sn|j Wf.k we;' ta oekqu

o isysm;a lr n,kak' my; wNHdij, kshe,S ta oekqu w¨;a lr .kak'

úfYaIK mo ²


,sÅ; wNHdi

1' my; i|yka fþofhys we;=<;a jk kdu úfYaIK mo Wmqgd olajkak'

l÷ fy,ska o rErd nisk Èh oyßka o úYd, jkfhka o f;dr jQ

iuìula jqj o wfma .ï fmfofiys wm is;a .;a iqkaor m%foaY ysÕ fkd

ùh' l=vd le,E frdÈka o t<suyfkys jQ iqÿ je,s;,dfjka o .ejiS.;a

ìï fmfoi wm is;a .;a ;ekaj,ska tlla mu‚' k§ ;Srh o ta wi,

jQ le,E frdÈka jeiqKq ìï fmfoi o fjr< o lùkaf.a is;a .kakd

l÷ fy,a jk <eyeí j,dl=¿ hk wdÈ iqkaor jia;+ka fuka wmf.a is;a

.;af;a h'

^wfma .u - ud¾áka úl%uisxy&

2' my; i|yka kdumoj,g iqÿiq úfYaIK mo fhdod w¾:j;a jdlHh ne.ska

ks¾udKh lrkak'

¸' lr;a;h ¸¸' mdr

¸¸¸' u.shd ¸¹' wYajhd

¹' fjf<kaod

3' my; i|yka fþofhys oelafjk ls%hd úfYaIK mo f;darkak'

ßfhys ke.=Kq u.sfhla .jhd fõ.fhka ÿjjkakg jEhï fldg fkd

yels jQ we;eï úfgl Wmd,siag neK jÈhs' Wmd,sia iskd fiñka

md;a ù y|hdf.a fldkaog w; .id" wks;a w;ska .;a fldagqj Wf.a

foll=,a w;ßka hjd ‘yd mq;d hx’ hs lshhs' .uk blauka lrjkq

ms‚i fldamfhka l;d lrk u.shdf.a ni f;areï .;a;dla fuka

y|hd o fõ.fhka ÿjhs'

^jy,a¨ - ud¾áka úl%uisxy&

4' my; oelafjk ls%hdmoj,g úfYaIK mo fhdod w¾:j;a jdlHh ne.ska

ks¾udKh lrkak'

¸' n,hs ¸¸' .sfha h

¸¸¸' m;s; úh ¸¹' fi,ú‚

¹' .h;s

kdu úfYaIK mo úfYaIHh


ksjerÈj lshjuq

lshùu msßmqka ñksil= jkakg u.

i,ik úfkdaodxYhls' lshùfï uQ,sl

m%fNao folls' Yío k.d lshùu iy

ksYaYío lshùu hs'

Yío k.d lshùfï § meyeÈ,s

WÉpdrKfhka yd y`v md,kfhka hq;=

ùu jeo.;a h' tys § f,aLkfha we;=<;a

úrdu ,laIK flfrys ie,ls,su;a

fjñka yd f,aLkfha w¾:h wjfndaO

lr .ksñka lshùu wid isák whf.a

wjOdkh fhduq lr .ekSug fya;=

fjhs' by; lreKq wkq.ukh lrñka

f,aLkhla Yío k.d lshùfï § th

wid isákakdg o lreKq Wlyd .ekSug

w¾:djfndaOh ,nd .ekSug myiq fõ'

wmg yuq jk f,aLk" úúO ffY,Ska

wkqj rpkd lr we;' mer‚ nK

l;d rpkd lr we;af;a wid ri ú£u

wruqKq lr f.k h' tajdfha Yío rih

biau;= fjhs' ksYaYíoj lshùfï § o

úrdu ,laIK" jpk fldaIh" jdlH

rgd" NdId ffY,sh y÷kd .ksñka

lshùfuka f,aLkfha wruqK" w¾:h

myiqfjka .%yKh lr .; yels h'

lshùfuka ksis m, ,eîug kï th

ksjerÈj l< hq;= h' f,aLkfha wruqK"

ffY,sh jgyd f.k lshúh hq;= h'

lshùu úfkdaohla muKla fkd j

ðú;h ms<sn| wjfndaOhla iy oekqï

iïNdrhla ,eìh yels ls%hdldrlula

jkafka túg h'

12


iNdm;s;=udf.a wdrdOkfhka ke.S isá f,alï;=ñh miq.sh iñ;s jdrfha jd¾;dj

lshjkakg jQjd h'

kfuda nqoaOdhæ

ls%ia;= j¾I 2017la jQ ckjdß ui 15 Èk m'j 2'30g muK mj;ajkakg fhÿKq

‘ks,aj,d’ <ud iudcfha miq.sh iNd jdrfha ixlaIsma; jd¾;dj hs'

iNdm;s;=ud úiska iNdj ms<s.ekSfuka miq msßi mkais,ays msysgjkq ,eíqfõ lmq.u"

jkjdi, úydrjdiS ;,awrfò mq[a[r;k ysñhka úisks' tÈkg kshñ; úfYaIdx.h

jQ ysájk lú ixjdoh i|yd ish¨ lghq;= ixúOdkh fldg ;snq‚' tA i|yd

ixúOdhl uKav,fha wdrdOkh mßÈ l,dlS¾;s wurkd;a .uf.a uy;d o lsúm;s

,xl uqÈhkafia uy;d o tlaj isàu wm idudðlhkaf.a WfoHda.hg fya;= úh'

lú ixjdoh b;d rij;a jQ w;r l,dlS¾;s wurkd;a .uf.a uy;d moHh yd moH

ks¾udKlrKh ms<sn| ;u w;aoelSï weiqfrka l< flá foiqu w;sYh yrj;a jQ

nj ish¨ fokdf.a m%;spdrj,ska úoHudk úh'

wdrdê; l,dlrejka fofokdg Wmydr ms‚i ;Hd. msßkeuqfKa wm <ud iudcfha

NdKavd.dßl;=ud w;sks'

fhdackd yd idlÉPd jdrfha § B<Õ iñ;s jdrh úúOdldrfha WÉpdrK ffY,Ska

y÷kd .ekSu i|yd jevigykla Èh;a l< hq;= njg nqoaêu fidfydhqrd fhdackd

l< w;r th iaÓr lrk ,oafoa m%fudaoa fidfydhqrd úisks' fjk;a fhdackd bÈßm;a

fkdjq‚' wkqYdik l;dfõ § mQcH mq[a[r;k ysñfhda" bÈßm;a jQ fhdackdfõ

jeo.;alu wjOdrKh lr isáhy' tÈk jevigyfka id¾:l;ajh o Wka jykafiaf.a

úfYaI m%Yxidjg ,la úh'

iNdm;s;=udf.a ia;=;s l;dfjka miq m' j' 5'30g muK iNd f;dfuda i;=áka úisr

.shd h'

j¾;dj i;H jd¾;djla njg iNd iïu; lr .ekSfuka miq tÈkg kshñ; úfYaI

jevigyk ms<sn|j iNdm;s;=ud flá ye¢kaùula lf<a h' lshùfï úúO ffY,Ska

we;s nj;a lshùu wx. iïmQ¾K ñksil= ìys lsÍug moku jk nj;a Tyq wjOdrKh

lf<a h' lshùfï ffY,Ska y÷kd .ekSug f,alï;=ñh jd¾;dj lshjQ wdldrh mjd

lÈu ksoiqkla nj tys § isysm;a flß‚' kHdhm;%dkql+,j m<uqjk bÈßm;a lsÍug

wdrdOkd ,enqfõ ÿ,añ ,shkf.a fidfydhqßh hs'


iNdfjka wjir hs' ud fï iQodkï jkafka oUfo‚ hq.fha § O¾ufiak ysñhka

úiska úrÑ; ioaO¾ur;akdj,sfha we;=<;a §>dhq l=udrhdf.a l;d mqj; bÈßm;a

lrkakg hs' isxy, nK l;d ,shú,d ;sfhkafka Y%e;s f.dapr ffY,sfhkqhs' wik"

lshjk fmdÿ ckhd ;=< O¾u rih we;s lrkakg;a w¾: wjfndaO lr .kakg;a fï

ffY,sh b;d u jeo.;a" wfma w;a;ïud ;df,g fï l;dj lshjmq yeá wo jf.a ug

u;lhs' ud wo lshjkafk;a tA úÈyg u hs'

;j o je£fuys wkqiia olajkq i|yd §>dhq l=udrhkaf.a j; olajuq'

flfia o h;a -

§>,ïìl kï kqjr jik nuqfKda fokafkla Ydikfhka msg; uyKj

wg id<sia yjqreoaola ;mia fldf<da h' Wka fokakdf.ka tla flfkla

l,;%mß.%yh ke;s l,g wmf.a l=, mrïmdrj kiaisZhs is;d ;ud

/ls ;mia wkqkag úl=g foda fyj;a tys mska § f.ß ishhl=;a uiqrka

ishhl=;a mdomßpdßld flkl=kq;a ,Èka mq;% m%;s,dNh ;ld l,;%

mß.%yh fldf<da h' Wkaf.a wefò‚fhda;a ore flkl=ka je¥y'

;mfia u isá hd¿jdfKda ÿfrl r|d ,d tu kqjrg fmr<d wjq h'

Wka wd kshdj wid wUq orejka le|jd f.k olakg f.diska mq;Kqjka

uE‚hkag jvd ,d ;=uQ jekafoda h' uE‚fhda o mq;Kqjka mshdKkag jvd

,d ;=uq jekafoda h' Wka fomlaIhg u fndfyda l,la Ôj;a jj hs lsjq h'

mq;Kqjka j|jd Æ l,g kqmqreÿ fyhska neK fkd kefÕkakd fia wdhq

Yla;sh u| kshdj oek neK fkd kexf.da h' wm fokakd je¢ .ufka

jhia we;sj isáhjqkag fndfyda l,la Ôj;a jjZhs lshd ,d uqka fndfyda

l,la Ôj;a jkag ksis ;eke;a;ka n,d kshu o;a nj uq;a ld, pl%h fkd

o;a fyhska neK fkd keÕS kshd oeZhs úpdf<da h' uqkag tla Wjÿfrla

fmfkhs lsjq h' flf;la ojia Ôj;a fjoaoehs úpd< l,ays ‘i;a ojila

Ôj;a fj;S’ lsjq h' Wjÿre ÿr,kag ldrK weoaoe’hs úpdrd ke;e hs fkd

lshd ‘uu fkd oksñ’ lS fyhska ‘wksla ldrK okafkda weoaoe’hs úpdf<da h'

‘uyK f.dhqïyq Bg ldrK oks;s' bkaøYd, .=ydfjys § Yl%hka je|

f.k fyd;a .ufka u u<jqkag ‘Ôj;a jjZhs jod< nia muKlska ñksia

f,dj wdhq.Kkska ;=ka fl< ieg ,laIhla wjqreoaog Yl%hkag wdhq ÿka


l, uqkag;a fu jl mj;akd wdhq fokag ldrKh oks;s' Tn hjZhs' lsjq h' Tn

.sfhd;a ;mig ydks fõ foda fyda hs nñZ lsjq h' bÈka f;dmg ore fmfula

we;akï ;mia ydks fkd i,ld uyK f.dhqïyq lrd f.diska Bg Wmfoia

úpdrjZhs lsjq h' Whs;a nqÿka <Õg f.diska nqÿkaf.kq;a l:dj tjd .kakd ms‚i

je|,d isáfhda h' nqÿyq ‘fndfyda l,la Ôj;a jjZhs jod< fial' l=udrhkaf.a

uE‚hka je|,d isá l,;a ta f,i jod< fial'

“Y%e;sf.dapr ffY,sfhka oyï rih wm yoj;g ióm l< ÿ,añ fidfydhqßhg

ia;=;sjka; jk w;r lshùfï ;j;a wmQre ffY,shla Tn fj; bÈßm;a lrkakg

werhqï ,nkafka mQß; iy p;=r fidfydhqrka'”

“Tn ieuf.ka wjirhs' wm iQodkï jkafka kdgH O¾ó iïm%odfha kdgH fm<la

Tfí yoj;g oefkk yefÕk wdldrfhka bÈßm;a lrkakhs' tA i|yd wm f;dard

.;af;a woaú;Sh kdgHlrejl= jk uydpd¾h tÈßùr irÉpkaøhkaf.a ukfï

kdglfha fldgil=hs'”

l=urd l=uß - ;¾.h

l=ure( .shd jeoafoda - fkdu úoafoda - bv ,oafoda - wms fu jrd

fjkag wk;=re lsis - .kag is; ìh ksis

ldrKdj fkdu Èis - fu fjf,a

l=uß( ;j weoafoda - miq toafoda - ìh keoafoda - fuu .ukd

hkag igkg ier - fikag fõh ú.ig

Wkag fuys fkak f,i - kej;d

l=urd - jpkh

jeoaoka wdmiq t;shs uu fkd is;ñ" fid÷r' tfy;a wdj;a" Tng wk;=rla jkag

bv fkd foñ' kslrefKa igkg hkag wlue;s jq kuq;a jqjukd jqj fyd;a

Tjqka iu. igka fldg Tjqka jkid ,kafkñ' udf.a ku OkqoaOr nj wu;l

fkd lrkq" fid÷r'

^jeoafoda jeÈ rcq iu. kej; meñfK;s&


jeÈ rc - jpkh

jyd ;df.a lvqj yd ÿkq yS ìu oud ug kuialdr lrj'

l=uß - jpkh

fudyqf.a kï Nhxldr ú,dihla fkdue;af;a h" ysñ;=uks' Tyqf.a f;acia

fmkqfuka Tyq rfcl= úh hq;=hhs is;ñ'

jeÈ fogq jeÈ rc - ;¾.h

jeÈ fogq( uE fõ ud ÿgq fldu, ,shd

foi n,kqh rc ;=u - Ñ;a; fkdu fõ o ;=gq

neoafo fu weúÈk - oelal fõf, isg uu

weoao fu iÈis ,| - isoao jQfha wreu o

fokag ug fkduiqre - ;E.s fnda. fkla m`vqre

.kag yels fu whqre - ,oafo uEj wuhqre

jeÈ rc( fï kï f,da ,sh fkdu jkafka

iqr wÕkl ú,ig - fõ o jk isoÕk

uEj .kag wUqjg - fõ h ug jdikdj

lekao f.k hkag wo - ukao fjkq fï mudj

ljqo fï leKys¨ - uQj uu jkiñ

iskao Wf. f., fio - fmkajñh n, f;o

jeÈ rc - jpkh

udf.a fï úð;hg wjir ke;sj we;=,a jQ ;d ljqo@ jyd ms<s;=re foj' ke;

fyd;a fï yS myßka ;df.a ysi isÿre lrñ'

ukfï l=urd jeÈ rc - ;¾.h

ukfï l=urd( fia iqß÷ - nrKeia mqr mis÷ - rdc lrkd ta

remqfkdo ìkao f;acid

mjr t ksß÷f. mq;a l=urd fjñ

i;r bf.k ;lai,dj f.dia tñ

ÿ,d fu l=ußh újdy lr f.k

n,d msg;a fjñ nrKeia mqrjr

jeÈ rc( fï wrfKa - ysu.sr isg forfKa - udf.a irfKa fõ

ke; fyd;a fõh urfKa

uq¿ oUÈjg u f;dm uy rcq jqj

udf.a úð;h fuh uu fjñ w. rc

ljqo ;g fuys msúfikakg lSfõ

wjir fkdue;sj n, ;g jk foa


jeÈ rc - jpkh

jyd ;df.a lvqj yd ÿkq yS ìu oud ug kuialdr lrj'

ukfï l=urd - jpkh

jyis nia fkdfodvj" jkprh' ;d yd ;df.a fï jeÈ fikÕ tl yS myßka iqkq

úiqkq lr ouñ'

jeÈ rc - jpkh

;d jekfikag ;e;a lrk kuq;a" uu ;g wkqlïmd lrñ' ;df.a udkh ì| ;d

urd oukag is;a fõ' tfy;a udkhg jvd ;g we;af;a fudavlu hhs is;ñ' ;g

wk;=rla fkdù hkag bv foñ' ud lshk jpkhg lka foj'

l=urd - jpkh

;d iu. foãug ug Wjukdjla fyda widjla fyda ke;' jyd igkg ierfij'

jeÈ rc - jpkh

u|la bjij" fld,a, udf.a jpkh wij' ;df.a wdrlaIdj i|yd udf.a fï

jeÈ fik. ;d iu. tjkafkñ' jkdka;rh wjidk jk f;la Wka ;g u.

fmkajkjd we;' ;df.a fï wUqj fuys kj;ajd" jyd fu;kska hkag ierfij'

;df.a Èú .,jd .ekSug uu fï wjia:dj ;g foñ'

l=urd - jpkh

fkd iEfyk wYsIag nia fkd fodvj jkprh" wm jekakka bÈßfhys'

“kdgH ri u;= jk mßÈ th bÈßm;a l< mQß; fidfydhqrdg iy p;=r fidfydhqrdg

ia;=;sjka; fjkjd' Tnf.a fõ.j;a w;afmd<ika kdofhka u meyeÈ,s hs uq¿ iNdj

u rij;a jqKq nj' ixialD; Yaf,dal lshùfï rgdj Tng bÈßm;a lrkakg Tú¢

fidhqßhghs fï wdrdOkh"”

“yeufokdf.ka u wjirhs" ixialD; Yaf,dal WÉpdrKfha § bka u;= jk Yíoh

fuka u w¾:h ms<sn|j;a ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= hs' úfYaIfhka ksjerÈ f,i Yío

WÉpdrKfha § w,amm%dKdlaIr uydm%dKdlaIr ms<sn| ie,ls,su;a ùu b;d jeo.;a"


foúhka fjkqfjka .efhk Yaf,dalj,ska hym;a m%;sM, ,nkak kï WÉpdrK

Y=oaêh fyj;a ksjerÈ" iïu; WÉpdrKh oek isáh hq;= hs' wfma .fï fjo udud

mdf¾ hk .ukq;a Yaf,dal lshk wdldrh fï ldg;a yqre mqreÿhs fkao@ fuu Yaf,dal

Wmqgd .;af;a ysf;damfoaYh kï ixialD; WmfoaY .%ka:fhkqhs'”

wdm;aiq ñ;%x cdkShd;a - hqoafè Y=ruDfKa Y=Ñï

Nd¾hdx laISfKaIq ú;af;aIq - jHifkIq p ndkaOjdka

Ndjh(- úm;la meñ‚ l, ñ;=rd;a" hqofhys § olaIhd;a Kh .ekSfuys § msßisÿ

isß;a we;a;d;a Okh wvq jk úg ìß|;a" lrorj, § keoEhkq;a oek

.kafka h'

rEm fh!jk iïmkakd# - úYd, l=, iïNjd#

úoHdySkd# k fYdNkaf;a - ks¾.kaOd# lsxY=ld# bj

Ndjh(- reúka yd ;reKlñka hqla; jQj;a jeo.;a l=,hl bmÿK;a úoHdfjka

f;dr jQjdyq kï fkd fydì;a' iqj| ke;s lE, u,a fuks'

fjk;a bÈßm;a lsÍï fkd ;snqKq w;r wkqYdikd foaYkh bÈßm;a lrñka

yduqÿrejka jykafia ks,aj,d <ud iudcfha fï wmQre jevigyk we.hSug ,la

l<y'


wgid<sia - y;<sia wg

l,;% mß.%yh - Nd¾hdjl mdjd .ekSu

f.ß ishhl=;a - .jhka ishhla

mdomßpdßld - Nd¾hdj

neK fkd kefÕkakd - lsisjla fkd lshd isákafka h

ld,pl%h - frdaohla fuka fldkla ke;s ld,h

uyK f.dhqïyq - nqÿka jykafia


nyaj¾: mo ²

NdIdfõ we;eï mo úúO w¾: m%ldY lrk wjia:d we;' tkï tl u moh w¾:

tllg jvd jeä ixLHdjla u;= lsÍu hs' tAjd fhfok wdldrh yd ;ek wkqj w¾:h

jgyd .; hq;= h' tjka mo nyaj¾: mo f,i ye¢kafõ'

my; oelafjkqfha nyaj¾: mo fm<ls'

wl=re

wlaIr we,afuka wl=re W.ksjq bÈß jev ;ld

wxl=r - me<Eá tA fnda reflka wl=re wgla mek ke.sK'

.,aleg lel=<d legfmda,hg wl=re fhdod úÈhs'

W;=re

W;=re ÈYdj W;=re foiska yuk iq<Õ

W;a;u oeyeñfhda W;=re ñksia oï iqrls;s'

W;a;r ck;djf.a mekj,g uyTiqmç W;=re

fohs'

lr

Wrh .urd, mqyq,a fydrdf.a lr foi ne,S h'

fn,a, kekaod f,a<shg lrud,hla ;s<sK l<d h'

oe<smsysh lrkjEñhd rcqf.a krflia .e,ù h'

rYañh ievlr

w; mh nrjdhg msá lr fnfy;a n¢kakd fia

lrkak is; k;= lr wi hy¿j jvk re;s

;sr

myka jeáh myka ;sr meleÜgqjl ñ, lSh o@

iaÓr fndai;dKka jykafia ;sr wÈgkska

fmreï oï msrEy'

lv;=rdj ;sr frÈj,ska .Dyh w,xldr úh'

wuhqre - wuD;h n÷

f,da ,sh - ukqIH ldka;dj

isoÕk - isoaOdx.kdj

leKys¨ - ysj,a

fio - jyd

iqß÷ - ilafoú

mis÷ - m%isoaO

remqfkdo - i;=rkaf.a f;aci

mjr - b;d W;=ï

úð;h - rdcOdksh

wjfndaOh

1' hula y`v kÕd lshùfï § ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= lreKq fudkjd oehs

f,aLkhla ilia lrkak'

2' §>dhq l=udrhdKkaf.a l;dfjka .; yels WmfoaYh l=ula o@

3' ukfï kdgHfha rplhd kï lrkak'

4' ysf;damfoaYh ljr j¾.hlg wh;a lD;shla f,i ie,fla o@

m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' mdvfï we;=<;a f,aLk Bg wod< ffY,sfhka mka;shg bÈßm;a lrkak'

2' f,dal lshùfï Èkh fjkqfjka mka;s w;r lshùfï ;r.dj,shla mj;ajkakg

lghq;= lrkak'


nyaj¾: mo ²

NdIdfõ we;eï mo úúO w¾: m%ldY lrk wjia:d we;' tkï tl u moh w¾:

tllg jvd jeä ixLHdjla u;= lsÍu hs' tAjd fhfok wdldrh yd ;ek wkqj w¾:h

jgyd .; hq;= h' tjka mo nyaj¾: mo f,i ye¢kafõ'

my; oelafjkqfha nyaj¾: mo fm<ls'

wl=re

wlaIr we,afuka wl=re W.ksjq bÈß jev ;ld

wxl=r - me<Eá tA fnda reflka wl=re wgla mek ke.sK'

.,aleg lel=<d legfmda,hg wl=re fhdod úÈhs'

W;=re

W;=re ÈYdj W;=re foiska yuk iq<Õ

W;a;u oeyeñfhda W;=re ñksia oï iqrls;s'

W;a;r ck;djf.a mekj,g uyTiqmç W;=re

fohs'

lr

Wrh .urd, mqyq,a fydrdf.a lr foi ne,S h'

fn,a, kekaod f,a<shg lrud,hla ;s<sK l<d h'

oe<smsysh lrkjEñhd rcqf.a krflia .e,ù h'

rYañh ievlr

w; mh nrjdhg msá lr fnfy;a n¢kakd fia

lrkak is; k;= lr wi hy¿j jvk re;s

;sr

myka jeáh myka ;sr meleÜgqjl ñ, lSh o@

iaÓr fndai;dKka jykafia ;sr wÈgkska

fmreï oï msrEy'

lv;=rdj ;sr frÈj,ska .Dyh w,xldr úh'


;=re

;+¾h rcjdi, foiska miÕ ;=re f.di kslafuhs'

.ia wms ;=re,sh isgqjd ñys,sh iriuq'

;re ;=reje, Wÿ, i| /ia msß kqn .en o

f;la <uhs .=re;=ud tk ;=re n,d isáhy'

o<

oka; o< hqj< we;dg wdNrKhla n÷ h'

oeä wE o< fidj.ska oji f.jkakS h'

wdikak .xj;=frka isÿ jQ foam< ydksh o<

jYfhka remsh,a ì,shk ;=kls'

cGdj cá,fhda o< u`vq¨ uqod yer meúÈ jQy'

Èh

c,h ÿkays| Èh we,a, ukrï h'

,kqj l=ure i;=rd b,lal fldg ÿkq Èh uqod

yeßfha h'

f,dalh" ch Èh Èh f.di m< flfrñka imeñ‚

fokak orejkag Tjd Èh hq;= h'

kd

kd.i YS% ,xldfõ cd;sl jDlaIh kd .i hs'

we;d .ukska iÈis kd ,sh

kd. ukyr kd fufKúhks| <je,s msg

kdhl kdysñfhda wmj;a jQy'

iakdkh fldg jkaokdlrefjda ue‚la .f`.ka Èh kd

lsßfjfyr jkaokd l<y'

msh

ms%h ud msh Èh‚h isxyiSj,S

;d;a;d msh rcqf.a wK blauj,d fkdlrka mq;=fka

mshdm;a fkdmeyer mshm;r isfhd;ayq o b| wi;s

mdo orejd mshjr ;nñka iskd fihs'

msydgq weismsh fy<k mu‚ka fkdfj;s fojÕk


j.

f;dr;=re ufy!IO mç;=ud Wu.la lrjk j.

n%yauo;a; rÊcqrefjda fkdo;ay'

rxpq j. ne| fyk rcyimq,a úf,ahd

j¾. ÈjH" kd." hlaI hehs f;j.lg wh;a

ñksiqka w;S; ,xldfõ úiQy hs mejfia'

jHd>% th j.j,iqka .yk jkhls'

m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

A fldgfia we;s nyaj¾: mohg wod< mo f.dkqj B fldgiska f;darkak'

A Bila y;" hym;a" P;%h" i;a;ajhd" Ydia;%h

oo úia;rh" j%;h" jia;=" uqyqK" jia;%

i;a Yl%" ylaf.äh" pl%" wlaIs

i| BYajr" iïm;a" wêm;s

j; fldä" l=IaGh" w{dk" mlaIs

biqre ldka;dj" pkaøhd" W;=ï" l,ays" ikaê" ikaOHd


jdlH Í;s I

13

Ydia;S%h f,aLk o ks¾udKd;aul f,aLk

o f.dv kef.kafka jdlH tlsfkl tla

ùfuks' ksjerÈ jdlH ksjerÈ f,aLkhg

rel=,ls' ta i|yd jdlH Í;s uekúka

m%.=K l< hq;= h' jdlHhl Wla;h yd

wdLHd;h hkqfjka fldgia folls' tu

fldgia fol w;r we;s jHdlrKdkql+,

iïnkaO;dj Wla; wdLHd; mo

iïnkaOh hs' tu iïnkaO;dj f.dv

ke.Sug bjy,a jk Wla; mofha ,sx.

fNaoh yd jpk fNaoh y÷kd .ekSu

jdlH Í;s hgf;a b;d m%fhdackj;a fõ'

iSkqj kdo úh' <uhs fma<s ie§ m%Odk Yd,dj bÈßmsgg /ia jQy' tÈk mdif,a

Wfoa /iaùu fufyhùu Ndrj ;snqfKa 8 fYa%‚fha isiq oreoeßhkag h' wd.ñl

j;dj;aj,ska wk;=rej úÿy,am;s;=ud isiqka weu;=fõ h'

bka miqj tÈkg wod< úfYaIdx. bÈßm;a úh' tys § 8 fYa%‚fha YsIHdfjda .S;hla

.dhkd l<y¦ YsIHfhda flá kdgHhla rÕ oelajQy' isiqkaf.a olaI;d w.h lrñka

l;d l< mka;s Ndr .=re;=ñh isiqkag ;E.s msßkeuqjd h'

fï fþoj, we;=<;a my; oelafjk mo foi n,kak'

iSkqj <uhs Yd,dj

/iaùu úÿy,am;s;=ud úfYaIdx.

YsIHdfjda .S;hla YsIHfhda

kdgHhla olaI;d .=re;=ñh

;E.s fma<s isiqka

idudkHfhka fï mo ye¢kafjkafka kdu mo f,i h' tfy;a kdu moj, iajrEmh

yd tajd fhfok wdldrh wkqj kdu mo úúO kï ,nhs' ta ms<sn| oek .ekSu ksjerÈ

jdlH ,sùfï § Tng m%fhdackj;a fjhs'

,sx. fNaohg wkqj kdu mohla mqreI ,sx." ia;S% ,sx. fyda kmqxil ,sx.hg wh;a

fjhs'

mqreI ,sx. kdu mo

<uhs" úÿy,am;s;=ud" YsIHfhda hk msßñ w¾:hla m< lrk mo mqreI ,sx. fyj;a

mqreIjdÑ kdu mo fjhs'

ia;S% ,sx. kdu mo

.=re;=ó" YsIHdfjda hk mo ia;S% w¾:hla yÕjk ksid ia;S% ,sx. fyj;a ia;S%jdÑ kdu

mo fjhs'

,sx. fNaoh ²


iSkqj kdo úh' <uhs fma<s ie§ m%Odk Yd,dj bÈßmsgg /ia jQy' tÈk mdif,a

Wfoa /iaùu fufyhùu Ndrj ;snqfKa 8 fYa%‚fha isiq oreoeßhkag h' wd.ñl

j;dj;aj,ska wk;=rej úÿy,am;s;=ud isiqka weu;=fõ h'

bka miqj tÈkg wod< úfYaIdx. bÈßm;a úh' tys § 8 fYa%‚fha YsIHdfjda .S;hla

.dhkd l<y¦ YsIHfhda flá kdgHhla rÕ oelajQy' isiqkaf.a olaI;d w.h lrñka

l;d l< mka;s Ndr .=re;=ñh isiqkag ;E.s msßkeuqjd h'

fï fþoj, we;=<;a my; oelafjk mo foi n,kak'

iSkqj <uhs Yd,dj

/iaùu úÿy,am;s;=ud úfYaIdx.

YsIHdfjda .S;hla YsIHfhda

kdgHhla olaI;d .=re;=ñh

;E.s fma<s isiqka

idudkHfhka fï mo ye¢kafjkafka kdu mo f,i h' tfy;a kdu moj, iajrEmh

yd tajd fhfok wdldrh wkqj kdu mo úúO kï ,nhs' ta ms<sn| oek .ekSu ksjerÈ

jdlH ,sùfï § Tng m%fhdackj;a fjhs'

,sx. fNaohg wkqj kdu mohla mqreI ,sx." ia;S% ,sx. fyda kmqxil ,sx.hg wh;a

fjhs'

mqreI ,sx. kdu mo

<uhs" úÿy,am;s;=ud" YsIHfhda hk msßñ w¾:hla m< lrk mo mqreI ,sx. fyj;a

mqreIjdÑ kdu mo fjhs'

ia;S% ,sx. kdu mo

.=re;=ó" YsIHdfjda hk mo ia;S% w¾:hla yÕjk ksid ia;S% ,sx. fyj;a ia;S%jdÑ kdu

mo fjhs'

,sx. fNaoh ²


kmqxil ,sx. kdu mo

by; fþofha we;=<;a iSkqj" Yd,dj" .S;hla" ;E.s" fma<s wdÈ wm%dKjdÑ njla yÕjk

kdu mo kmqxil ,sx. fyj;a wfÉ;k .Kfha kdu mo fjhs'

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' my; i|yka kdu mo iqÿiq mßÈ fhdod § we;s j.=j iïmQ¾K lrkak'

we;d" fmd;a" ia;s%h" l=re,a,ka" fmÜáh" uE‚fhda" wei" n,anh" j,iqka"

f,aLlhd" ÿïßh" lmqfgda" fin¿ka" isiqúh" jeõ" lsUq,a¨" ¥jreka" ;dmamh"

u.shd" ks,Odßksh" fiaúldj" .u" lÓlhd" lïlrejka" we;skak" isrer"

kekaod" wlal,d" uqoaor

mqreI ,sx. kdu mo ia;S% ,sx. kdu mo kmqxil ,sx. kdu mo

by; fþofha ;o l¿ wl=ßka oelafjk my; jdlH úuid n,kak'

iSkqj kdo úh'

úfYaIdx. bÈßm;a úh'

úÿy,am;s;=ud isiqka weu;=fõ h'

.=re;=ñh isiqkag ;E.s msßkeuqjd h'

YsIHdfjda .S;hla .dhkd l<y'

YsIHfhda flá kdgHhla rÕ oelajQy'

ta jdlHj, Wla; jYfhka fh§ we;s iSkqj" úfYaIdx. hk mo wm%dKjdÖ njla

o" úÿy,am;s;=ud" YsIHfhda hk mo mqreIjdÖ njla o .=re;=ñh" YsIHdfjda hk mo

ia;S%jdÖ njla o yÕjhs' ta wkqj jdlHj, wdLHd;fha ^wjidk ls%hd mofha& fjkila

;sfí oehs ii|d n,kak'


kmqxil ,sx.hg wh;a iSkqj" úfYaIdx. hk mo w;ßka iSkqj hkafkka tlla

yeÕfjk w;r úfYaIdx. hkafkka tllg jvd jeä nj yÕjhs' tfy;a ta fjki

wkqj jdlHfha wjidk ls%hdj fjkia ù ke;'

ia;S% ,sx.hg wh;a .=re;=ñh hk moh yd mqreI ,sx.hg wh;a úÿy,am;s;=ud hk

moh iu. fh§ we;s wjidk ls%hd ms<sfj<ska msßkeuqjd h" weu;=fõ h fõ' tajdfha

iajrEmh Wla; mofha ,sx. fNaoh wkqj fjkia ù we;s nj Tng meyeÈ,s jkq we;'

YsIHdfjda hk moh ia;S% ,sx.hg o YsIHfhda hk moh mqreI ,sx.hg o wh;a jk

kuq;a tajd iu. fhÿKq wjidk ls%hd mofha iajrEmh tlS ,sx. fNaoh mokï lr

f.k fjkilg Ndckh ù ke;s nj o meyeÈ,s h'

fï lreKq úuid ne,Sfï § fmkS hkafka jdlHhla ilia ùfï § ,sx. fNaoh muKla

fkd j tal jpk" nyq jpk fNaoh o n,mdk nj hs' ta ms<sn| ;j ÿrg;a úuid n,uq'

fþofhka Wmqgd .;a my; jpk f.dkq úuikak'

iSkqj" /iaùu" Yd,dj" úÿy,am;s;=ud" .=re;=ñh" .S;hla

<uhs" fma<s" j;dj;a" isiqka" úfYaIdx." olaI;d" YsIHdfjda" YsIHfhda"

;E.s

mer‚ jHdlrKh wkqj kmqxil ,sx. f,i ye¢kajqfKa

wm%dKjdÑ fyj;a wfÉ;k .Kfha kdu mo hs' isxy, NdIdfõ

,sx. fNaohla oelsh yelafla m%dKjdÑ kduhkays h' tkï ia;S%

,sx." mqreI ,sx. jYfhks' j¾;udkfha m%dKjdÑ mo muKla ta

hgf;a j¾.SlrKh flfrk w;r wm%dKjdÑ mo ,sx. fNaoh

hgf;a j¾.SlrKh fkd flfrhs' m%dKjdÑ fyj;a ifÉ;k iy

wm%dKjdÑ fyj;a wfÉ;k hk j¾.SlrKhg wkqj wfÉ;k

.Khg we;=<;a flfrkqfha mer‚ jHdlrKfha kmqxil ,sx.

f,i ye¢kajqKq kdu hs'

kdu mo

ifÉ;k

ia;S% ,sx. mqreI ,sx.

wfÉ;k


jpk fNaoh ²

tal jpk yd nyq jpk jYfhka kdu mo fldgia folls'

tal jpk kdu mo

.=re;=ñh hk mofhka tla flkl= o iSkqj hk mofhka tla fohla o lshfjk

neúka tajd tal jpk kdu mo hs'

nyq jpk kdu mo

YsIHfhda hk mofhka tla flkl=g jeä fokl= o" úfYaIdx. hk mofhka tla

fohlg jeä fohla o yeÕfjk neúka tajd nyq jpk kdu mo hs'

my; oelafjk mo weiqfrka tal jpk yd nyq jpk fyaoh ;jÿrg;a y÷kd .;

yels h'

tal jpk kdu mo nyq jpk kdu mo

olaIhd olaIfhda

we;d we;a;=

.eyeksh .eyekq

rg rgj,a

;E.a. ;E.s


jpk fNaoh ²

tal jpk yd nyq jpk jYfhka kdu mo fldgia folls'

tal jpk kdu mo

.=re;=ñh hk mofhka tla flkl= o iSkqj hk mofhka tla fohla o lshfjk

neúka tajd tal jpk kdu mo hs'

nyq jpk kdu mo

YsIHfhda hk mofhka tla flkl=g jeä fokl= o" úfYaIdx. hk mofhka tla

fohlg jeä fohla o yeÕfjk neúka tajd nyq jpk kdu mo hs'

my; oelafjk mo weiqfrka tal jpk yd nyq jpk fyaoh ;jÿrg;a y÷kd .;

yels h'

tal jpk kdu mo nyq jpk kdu mo

olaIhd olaIfhda

we;d we;a;=

.eyeksh .eyekq

rg rgj,a

;E.a. ;E.s

jdlHhl ls%hdj yd iïnkaO jk mofha ,sx. fNaoh yd jpk fNaoh wkqj ls%hd

mofha iajrEmh o fjkia fjhs' my; i|yka ksoiqka foi ne,Sfuka th y÷kd .;

yels h'

YsIHhd .Shla .hhs'

YsIHdj .Shla .hhs'

YsIHhd .Shla .ehqfõ h' ^w;S; ld,h&

YsIHdj .Shla .ehqjd h' ^w;S; ld,h&

YsIHfhda .S .h;s'

YsIHdfjda .S .h;s'

YsIHfhda .S .ehQy$.ehqfjda h'

YsIHdfjda .S .ehQy$.ehqfjda h'

YsIHhd .Shla .hkafka h' ^wkd.; ld,h&

YsIHdj .Shla .hkakS h ^wkd.; ld,h&

YsIHfhda .S .hkakdy$.hkafkda h'

YsIHdfjda .S .hkakdy$.hkafkda h'

w;S; ld,fhys yd wkd.; ld,fhys ls%hdmoj, olakg ,efnk fjki o ksjerÈ

jdlH ,sùfï § ie,ls,a,g .; hq;= fjhs'

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' ysia ;ekaj,g iqÿiq tal jpk mo fyda nyq jpk mo fyda fhdod my; i|yka

j.=j iïmQ¾K lrkak'

tal jpk nyq jpk tal jpk nyq jpk

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

ñksid

YsIHhd

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

lïlrejd

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

jHd>%hd

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

bínd

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

ñksiaiq

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

W!frda

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

.=rejre

krUkafkda

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

isiqúfhda

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

mßirfõ§yq

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

.i

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

f.h

l:dj

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

yekao

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

fldaÉÑh

uqoao

l=Uqre

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

Yío

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

fudaia;r

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

idmamq

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''


,sÅ; wNHdi

1' fldgqfjys i|yka jpk .e<fmk woyila we;s jk mßÈ ysia ;ekaj,g

fhdod ksjerÈ jdlH f.dv k.kak'

¸' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' lúhla lSjd h'

¸¸' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' wyfiys f,< fohs'

¸¸¸' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' l=Uqr jmqr;s'

¸¹' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' .=jka f;dgqm<g <Õd úh'

¹' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' fõ.fhka ÿjkafka h'

¹¸' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' fmd;a mdvï lruq'

¹¸¸' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' oyï foi;s'

¹¸¸¸' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' jdyk k;r l<y'

¸º' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' by< wyfiys mshdU;s'

º' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' fmd,Sishg yiq jQy'

2' my; oelafjk ls%hd mo fhdod jdlHh ne.ska ;kkak'

ßheÿfrda" wYajhd" kx.S"

irex.,h" .=jka hdkh"

Wl=iafida"f.dúfhda" jrolrejka"

kdysñfhda" wms

n,;s" lshjhs" fj;ajd" lSjd h"

lf<a h" o,ajhs" keröñ" kegqfjda h"

jefghs" jä;s'


l;r.u mqoìu

l;r.u hkq Y%S ,xldfõ m%isoaO

k.rhla fuka u ft;sydisl jYfhka

jeo.;a k.rhla o fõ' nqÿ rdcdKka

jykafia ;=kajk jrg ,xldjg jevu

l< wjia:dfõ l;r.u md,kh lf<a

uydf>daI kï md,lhl= nj;a l;r.u

m%foaYfha Tyqg wh;a lsysß jkhl

nqÿ rcdKka jykafia iuj;a iqjfhka

jevisá nj;a Od;=jxih i|yka lrhs'

reyqKq mqrfha fuka u nqÿ oyfï o

wdrlaIlhd jYfhka ie,flkafka

l;r.u foúhka h'

ialkao l=udr hk kñka o ye¢kafjk

fuu foúhkaf.a m%Odk foajd,h msysgd

;sîu l;r.u k.rh m%isoaêhg m;a

ùug n, mE m%n,;u fya;=j ù ;sfí'

;u Ôú;j,g wdYS¾jdoh ,nd .ekSu;a

f,!lsl wfmalaIdjka uqÿka m;a lr

.ekSu;a wruqKq lr f.k isxy," fou<"

fuka u uqia,sï ckhd o fï mqoìug

meñK l;r.u foúhka bÈßfha mqo mQcd

mj;ajk whqre jif¾ ´kE u ld,hl §

oel .; yels h'

14


ue‚la .Õ bjqfrys hd, cd;sl jfkdaoHdkh iómfha msysgd we;s l;r.u k.rfhys

l;r.u foú÷ka i|yd fjka jQ foajd,h iys; mQcd N+ñh msysáfha h' wä oyhla

muK Wie;s uyd m%dldrhlska jg lrk ,o wlalr ld,lg fkd jeä fï mqoìug

m%fõY ùu i|yd i;r ÈYdfjka iqúi,a fodrgq i;rla fjhs' uyd foajd,hg wu;rj

lsß úydrh" .K foajd,h" wIag M,rey fndaêh" foajd, uq¿;ekaf.h yd ;j;a

foajd, lSmhla o fï iSudj we;=<; msysgd ;sfí'

yskaÿ Nla;slhkag wkqj l;r.u foúhd hkq ialkao l=udr kñka ye¢kafjk foúhd h'

yska¥kaf.a fuka u fn!oaOhkaf.a o jkaokudkkhg md;% jQ fï foúhd ,xihla

fyj;a fõ,dhqOhla w;ska f.k fudkrl= msg keÕs ú,difhka ksrEmKh fjhs'

ialkao l=udr fyj;a l;r.u foú÷kag uqyqKq ihla yd w;a fod<ila we;ehs lshkq

,efí' fk;a fod<ila o we;ehs hk úYajdih ksid Tyq nrfk; kñka o y÷kajkq

,efí' tla ck m%jdohlg wkqj fufia ù we;af;a úIaKq úiska BYajrhd yuqfõ

udhdjlska ujk ,o l=udrjreka yh fokd ÿgq Wudj úiska l=udr lkaola fkd fõ

oehs lshñka w,a,d .ekSu ksid Tjqka taldnoaOj tl ;eke;a;l= njg m;a ùfuks'

;j;a tla l;djlg wkqj iqr moau kï wiqrhdf.ka iqrhkag lror meñ‚ wjia:dfõ

iqrfhda ta neõ BYajrhdg ie, lr isáhy' ta weiQ BYajr ;u fka;%hkaf.ka .sks

mqmqre yhla kslaujQfha h' tu .sks mqmqr yh jkhg jeà l=ureka ifofkl= njg

m;a úh' BYajrhdf.a m;sksh tkï Wudj fudjqka oel i;=gqj tlg w,ajd isU .;a

l,ays tu ifokd uQKq ihla o w;a fod<ila o tl lhla o we;shl= njg m;a jQy hs

lshkq ,efí' YrjkNj hk ku l| l=ureg we;s jQfha ta ksid hehs úYajdi flf¾'

yskaÿ foúhl= jk l| l=ure l;r.ug meñŒu ms<sn| ckm%jdohla o mj;S' l;r.u

jeis j,a,s wïud kï wNsrEmS jeÈ lka;djl ms<sn| j¾Kkhla weiQ l| iqß÷ weh

fidhd meñK fi,a, l;r.u § weh irK mdjd .;a nj bka lshefõ' fï w;r l|

l=urekaf.a ìß| jk f;ajdks o l;r.ug meñK we;' f;ajdks wïud fldaú, yd

j,a,s wïud fldaú, jYfhka fldaú,a folla l;r.u msysgd ;sîu tys m%;sM,hls'

fn!oaO jD;a;dka;hkays mejfikafka l;r.u foúhka ,xldj md,kh lrk

foújreka i;r fokdf.ka flkl= njhs' u;= nqÿ ùug fmreï mqrk fndaêi;a;ajhl=

o jk fï foaj;dj nqÿka jykafia ,xldjg jevu l< oji l;r.u rdcOdksh

fldg úiQ uydfiak fyj;a uydf>daI kï rc;=ud h' uyfika rcq we;=¿ msßi

iajlSh lS%vd jkh jQ lsysß jkfhys lsysß .ila hg § nqÿka jykafia m%uqL wd¾h

Y%djlhka jykafiag uy;a fia mqo mQcd meje;a jQ nj;a nqÿka jykafiaf.ka nK

weiQ rcq fidajdka jQ nj;a Od;=jxifhys oelafõ' uyfika rc;=ud urKfhka miq


o foúhl=j ta ia:dkhg wrla f.k isá;ehs úYajdi flf¾' l;r.u foúhkaf.a

uqyqKq yfhka t;=uka ;=< we;s m%;dmh" úl%uh" ùr;ajh" Y+rNdjh" fl!Y,Hh yd

Yla;sh hk .=K ms<sìUq fj;ehs fn!oaOfhda i,l;s'

l;r.u uyd foajd,h .nvd fyj;a m%Odk fldgia follska iukaú; fjhs' m%Odk

oajdrfhka foajd, N+ñhg msúfik ne;su;=kag uq,ska u olakg ,efnkafka fld<

w;= t,a,d ueiaila fuka ilia lr we;s fld< mkao,u h' fï Tiafia foajd,hg

msúfik ne;su;=kag Yd,djla jeks ;rula úYd, jQ msg .nvdjg muKla hd yels h'

foajd,fha m%Odk fodrgqj ms;a;, leghñka w,xldr lrk ,o úYd, W¿jiailska

hqla; h' thska we;=<; ;sfnk fldgi msg .nvdj hs'

we;=¿ .nvdjg m%fõY jk fodrgqfjys

we;s jÜgdru kñka ye¢kafjk ì;a;s

follska jg jQ ia:dkh wd,;a;s

fyj;a wdYS¾jdo lsÍfuys kshef<k

wd,;a;s wïu,d i|yd fjka lr ;sfí'

fldrjla., kï mer‚ leghï .,la

fh¥ we;=¿ .nvd fodrgqj l;r.u

foúhkaf.a rEmh iys; úYd,

;srhlska wdjrKh fldg ;sfí'

foajd,fha jvd;a mer‚ fldgi jkafka we;=¿ .nvdj fyj;a we;=¿ l=áh hs' È.ska"

m<,ska yd Wiska wä y;la ne.ska jk fuys ì;a;shl >klu wä follg jvd

jeä h' we;=¿ l=áhg msúiSug wjir we;af;a f;ajdlrejkag mu‚' we;=¿ l=áhg

msúfik f;ajdlrejkaf.a md fodajkh i|yd i÷ka Èh msrjQ n÷kla o md fodajkhla

o fodrgqj wi, ;nd ;sfí' i÷ka uKavmhg Tífnka we;s fldgi ,;d uKavmh

kï fõ' fï ia:dk fol w;r jk mgq nrd|h Wvq úhklska irid we;' ksr;=rej

oe,afjk úYd, ms;a;, myka follska fï ia:dkh wdf,dalj;a fjhs'

l;r.u uyd foajd,fha m%Odk;u ks,Odßhd niakdhl ks,fï;=ud h' foajd,h

yd iïnkaO m;aùï" jegqma §ukd" kskao.ï mßmd,kh yd wdodhï tl;= lsÍu

wdÈ foajd,fha mßmd,kh we;=¿ l=ÿ uy;a ish¨ ld¾hhkays j.lSu mejfrkafka

niakdhl ks,fï;=udg h'


l;r.u foajd,fha ffoksl mQcd úê w¨hu wdrïN fjhs' ila msU" >Kagd kdo

fldg" fyaúis jhd" meka ;nd" uq¿;eka jvjd wrUk foaj mQcdj w;S;fha mej;s

rdclSh pdß;% isys .kajhs' Èkm;d kka foiska meñfKk ne;su;a;= foajd,fha

lmqrd, ,jd Ndrydr yd hd;sld lrjd .ks;s' lkak,õjl § foúhkaf.a Wodr

.=K nqÿ .=K yd ñY% fldg bÈßm;a lsÍu;a" m<s.eiSul § foúhkaf.a Wm; yd Y+r

ùrn,mrdl%uhka j¾Kkd lsÍu;a oelsh yels h'

l;r.u foajd,hg wdfõ‚l mqoisß;a iuqodhla mj;S' uq¿;eka nEu ta w;ßka úfYaI

pdß;%hls' Èklg f;jrla foúhka Wfoid wdydr mQcd lsÍu fuys § isÿ fjhs'

fikiqrdod WoEik kdkquqr ux.,Hh meje;afjk neúka tÈk WoEik muKla

uq¿;eka mQcdj isÿ fkd flf¾' uq¿;eka mQcdj i|yd wdydr ms<sfh, flfrkafka

foajd, N+ñfha we;s uq¿;ekaf.h ;=< h' tla fõ,lg yd,a fiare ;=kla msiskq ,efí'

fï iy,a ldka;djka úiska tÈk u fldgd ilikq ,eîu úfYaI;ajhls'

uq¿;ekaf.hs isg foajd,h lrd

wdydr f.k hk lo ‘uKavh’ kñka

ye¢kafjhs' tys tla fl<jrl n;a msß

uKavh o wfkla fl<jf¾ jH[ack

msreKq uKavh o ;nd iQodkï lrk ,o

uq¿;eka wvqlal=j Wvqúhka" mdjv yd

f;ajd fyaúis kdo iys;j uqLjdvñka

ieriqKq lmqrd, úiska foajd,h ;=<g

f.k hkq ,efí' fï wjia:dfõ ish¨

u f;ajdlrejka foajd,h ;=< isàu wksjd¾h fõ' fuys § wjOdrKh l< hq;=

lreKla ;sfí' tkï fuu pdß;%h bgq lsÍu i|yd lmqrd, foaj mQcdj f.k hkafka

lsß fjfyr fj; mQcdj /f.k hdfuka wk;=rej ùu hs'

kdkq uqr ux.,Hh l;r.u mQcd N+ñh wdYs%; j isÿ flfrk ;j;a mQcd úêhls'

foúhka i;=gq lsÍu i|yd nqÿka Wfoid lrkq ,nk mQcdjla jk fuys § wd,;a;s

wïu,d úiska ue‚la .fÕka f.k tkq ,nk c,hg iqj| øjH ñY% fldg fyaúis

kdo uOHfha fndaëka jykafia kEùu isÿ flf¾' fuh isÿ lrkafka uqLjdvñka

ieriqKq lmqrd, hs' l;r.u mqo ìfuys frdams; fuu fndaëka jykafia wIag M,rey

fndaëka jykafia kuls' uydjxihg wkqj foajdkïmsh ;siai rcqf.a fndaê YdLd

frdamfKda;aijhg l;r.u laI;s%hhka o iyNd.S ù we;' fï laI;s%hhka tys §

;ukag ,enqKq wIag M,rey fndaê wxl=rh l;r.ug f.keú;a frdamKh lr ;sfí'

j¾;udkfha fufia kdkquqr ux.,Hh isÿ flfrkqfha tu fndaëka jykafiag h'


foúhka i;=gq lsÍu Wfoid flfrk ;j;a mQcd úêhla f,i ldjdä mQcdj i|yka

l< yels h' ldjdä keàfï § lr msg ;nd .kakd fuj,u ye¢kafjkafka ldjdä

l+vqj kñks' fï i|yd fldia" fldaka" fnda" iqÿ y÷ka fyda mqjÕ= hk oej j¾.hla

fhdod .efka' ldjdä l+vq iE§fï È hlv weK Ndú; fkd flf¾' ;U iy ms;a;,

weK muKla fhdod .efka' mrú ldjdä" Nlals ldjdä" .sks ldjdä" lsß ldjdä"

u;aiH ldjdä hkqfjka ldjdä j¾. myls'

l;r.u foajd,fha jd¾Isl j meje;afjk W;aij w;r b;d úÑ;% jQ o w;súYd,

ck msßila iyNd.s jkakd jQ o ux.,Hh wei< W;aijh hs' fï ld,h ;=< foajd,h

muKla fkd j uq¿ l;r.u k.rh u ieKfl<s isßhla .kS¦ l;r.u mqrjrh

ckhdf.ka msÍ b;sÍ hhs'

mer‚ pdß;% yd j;ams<sfj;a ms<smÈñka mj;ajkq ,nk wei< fmryer wei<

W;aijfha m%Odk wx.h hs' wei< W;aijh i|yd uq, mqrkafka lma isgqùfuks'

ta i|yd r;alrjq .ila fidhd lmd .ekSu o tla;rd ux.,Hhl wdldrfhka isÿ

flf¾' lKq lmk ux.,Hh kñka tu pdß;%h y÷kajkq ,efí'

lma isgqùu ,xldfõ iEu foajd,hl u wei< ux.,Hhla weröug fmrd;=j isÿ

flfrk pdß;%hls' l;r.u wei< fmryer wdrïN jkafka lma isgqùfuka Èk 44la

f.jqKq ;ek wudjl mqr mE<úh Èkfha t<fUk iqn kel;sks' tfia werfUk uÕ=,a

fmryer uq,a Èk mfya § .uka lrkafka uyd foajd,h jgd ie;mqï Nd.hla ;rï

ÿrlska hq;a ùÈfha fyj;a msg ùÈfhys mu‚' ùÈ fmryer wdrïN ù Èk fod<yla

blau .sh úg fofõf,a fmryer werfò'


wei< mqr mif<diajl f.ù wj mE<úh ,nk Èkfhys fõ.j;a fmryer

kï úfYaI fmryerla meje;afjhs' ÿjk fmryer kñka o fuh ye¢kafjhs'

idïm%odhsl pdß;% wkqj fï fmryer niakdhl j,õj wi, kj;ajd foajd, yd

iïnkaO Wiia ks, orkakjqkag .re ie,ls,s yd foajdYS¾jdo isÿ flf¾' fuys §

‘oeye;a y;’ kï jQ jdlHhla lSu;a úfYaI fyaúis jdokhla meje;aùu;a isÿ fõ'

ÿjk fmryer ksu ùfuka miq Èkfha isg wdrïN jk uy fmryer ne;su;=kaf.a

buy;a ie,ls,a,g ,la fjhs' uy fmryef¾ mQ¾j lD;Hh jkqfha msß;a ks,h Ndr

lsß fjfyr jdiS NslaIQka jykafia ,jd foajd,fha § msß;a foaYkhla mj;ajd msß;a

meka ,nd wdYS¾jdo ,nd .ekSu hs'

br y| ksrEmKh flfrk ms;a;, P;%" fiai;a yd Èid fldä orkafkda uy fmryef¾

bÈßfhka u h;s' wk;=rej Wvrg ks,fï flkl= isys .kajk .ïNSr we÷fuka

ieriqKq niakdhl ks,fï yd foajd,fha f,alïjrhd .uka .ks;s'

uy fmryer Èk y;la meje;afjhs' th wjidk jkafka niakdhl ks,fï ks,

ksjdifha ix>.; olaIsKdjla mj;ajd foúhkag mska wkqfudaoka lsÍfuks' fï

mqKHl¾uh i|yd foajd,h yd iïnkaO iEu ;rd;srul u f;ajdlrefjda iyNd.s

fj;s' fmryer wjidk Nd.fha isÿ jk .sks mE.Sfï yd Èh lemSfï mqrdK pdß;%

keröu i|yd fndfyda fok /ia fj;s'

l;r.u fmryer foúhka Wfoid isÿ flfrk fmryerla jqj o tys f;ajd lghq;=

Ndrj niakdhl ks,fï we;=¿ fn!oaOhka m;aj isàu;a iEu ld¾hhl § u fn!oaO

j;a ms<sfj;aj,g m%uqL;djla §u;a olakg ,efí'

Y%S ,dxlsl fn!oaOhka nyq;rhla"

yskaÿ iy bia,dï Nla;slhka ie,lsh

hq;= m%udKhla fuka u iajfoaYSh

jeÈ ck;dj o l;r.u mQcd N+ñhg

meñK mqo mQcd mj;aj;s' 1940ka miq

jkaokdlrejkaf.ka nyq;rh YS%

,dxlsl iy ol=Kq bkaÈhdkq fou<

yskaÿ ckhd hs' Tjqyq wiSre f,i md

.ukska u jkaokdfõ meñfK;s' uE;l

isg isxy, fn!oaO jkaokdlrejkaf.a

o ixLHd;aulj j¾Okhla olakg

,eì‚'


l;r.u foúhkaf.a ìßhl jQ j,a,s wïud iïnkaO mqrdjD;a;h fya;=fjka jeÈ

ck;dj o fuu mQckSh ia:dkhg ;ukaf.a Wreuhla we;ehs úYajdi lr;s' jeÈ

ck;dj fuka u YS% ,dxlsl fou< ck;dj o §¾> ixpdrhl fhfoñka mdo hd;%dfjka

meñK oeä Nla;sfhka l;r.u jkaokudkk lsÍu oel .; yels h'

ft;sydisl jYfhka fukA mqrdúoHd;aul jákdlulska o hqla; fn!oaO ckhdg

muKla fkd j fou< yd uqia,sï ckhdg o w;sYh jeo.;a isoaOia:dkhla jk

l;r.u uyd foajd,h YS% ,dxlsl ckhdf.a iyÔjkh kxjd,Sug bjy,a jk ukd

f;da;ekakla jekak'

wjfndaOh

1' l;r.u foúhka i|yd fhfok kï folla mdvfuka Wmqgd ,shkak'

2' foajd,fha m%fõY fodrgqfõ iajrEmh úia;r lrkak'

3' foajd,fha f;ajdlrejkaf.ka fofokl= kï lrkak'

4' niakdhl ks,fïg mejfrk rdcldßh olajkak'

5' ldjdä mQcd úê my kï lrkak'

6' l;r.u foajd,fha meje;afjk W;aij ;=k kï lrkak'

7' l;r.u foajd,h wdYs%;j isÿ flfrk mqo isß;a folla y÷kajkak'

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' my; oelafjk jpk i|yd iudk mo mdvfuka Wmqgd olajkak'

¸' ;k;=re ¹' fodrgqj

¸¸' jia;% ¹¸' rej

¸¸¸' m%uqL;u ¹¸¸' ldurh

¸¹' l=iaish ¹¸¸¸' lghq;=

2' ‘ud ÿgq wei< fmryer’ kñka Tn ÿgq uykqjr o<od fmryer .ek fyda

l;r.u wei< fmryer .ek fyda rpkdjla ,shkak'


mßir ys;ldñ lvodis

YsIHhka jYfhka Tng úúO

ks¾udKd;aul ld¾hhkays ksr; ùug

isÿ fõ' ud;Dldjlg wod<j" wdl¾IŒh

f,i lreKq bÈßm;a lrñka jdlH

rpkd ,sùu Tng yqre mqreÿ ld¾hhls'

ta wdldrhg u mdi,a iÕrdjlg fyda

ì;a;s mqj;am;lg fyda ,smshla ,sùu

o Tn m%.=K l< hq;= h' mqj;am;a ,sms

yd ì;a;s mqj;am;a ,smsj, uQ,sldx. iy

ta ,sms rpkfha § ie,ls,su;a úh hq;=

lreKq i;a jk fYa%‚fha § bf.k f.k

;sfí' tu fYa%‚fha § mqj;am;a ,smshla

wdo¾Yhg .ekqKq w;r fuu mdvfuka

iÕrd ,smshla lshjd th wjfndaO lr

.ekSug wjia:dj ie,fia'

fï iÕrd ,smshg f;aud ù we;af;a wmøjH

l<ukdlrKh flfrk l¾udka;hls'

ld,Sk jeo.;alula iy foaYSh w.hlska

hq;= fujeks foa ms<sn| wjfndaOhla ;sîu

Tfí Ôú;hg m%fhdackj;a jkq we;'

2012 j¾Ifha EDEX iÕrdfõ ckjdß

- ud¾;= l,dmh i|yd ‛w,s jiqrej,ska

lvodis" uqo,a iy /lshd’ hkqfjka

fld<U úYajúoHd,fha N+f.da, úoHd

wOHhkdxYfha fcHaIaG lÓldpd¾h

idú;s% rKisxy úiska imhk ,o ,smsh

fï mdvug wdY%h lr .eks‚'

15


Tn ,sùug .kakd

lvodis ksIamdokh

flfrk l¾udka;h

mßirhg ydkslr

l¾udka;hla f,i

uq¿ f,dalh u

ms<sf.k we;s nj Tn

fkd okakd lreKla

úh yels h' f,dalfha

mßirhg ydkslr m%Odk;u lafIa;% my

w;r tla lafIa;%hla jkafka lvodis

l¾udka;h hs' Bg fya;= rdYshla mj;S'

fï l¾udka;hg wjYH wuqøjH imhd

.ekSug uyd mßudK jYfhka .ia

lemSu ksid isÿ jk jkdka;r úkdYh

Bg tla fya;=jls' tfuka u fï i|yd

Yla;sh iy úÿ,sh úYd, f,i jeh

lsÍug isÿ ùu ;j;a fya;=jla fõ' ;j o

fuu ksIamdokfha § ‘í,ela ,sl¾’ kï

úI ridhksl fldgia mßirhg ksl=;a

ùu ksid ksIamdok ls%hdj,sfha § úYd,

mßir ¥IKhla isÿ fõ'

lvodis l¾udka;h ksid fujeks

mdßißl .eg¨ rdYshla biau;= fjñka

mej;Su fya;=fjka f,dalfha ‘lvodis

rys; iudchla ^paperless society&’ hk ixl,amh ìys úh' fuys § úµq;a

,sms Ndú;fhka lvodis Ndú;h wju

lsÍu iy ´kE u jeo.;a wjia:djl

§ f,aLkhl uDÿldx. msgm;g

ms<s.ekSula ,nd §u jeks foa isÿ ù we;'

tfuka u fuu mßir ¥IK ;;a;ajh

wju lsÍu i|yd lvodis ksIamdokh

Wfoid úl,am ud¾. fidhd .ekSu fuys

jeo.;a mshjrla jYfhka y÷kajd Èh

yels h' kj;u wuqøjH fhdod .ksñka"

idïm%odhsl fkdjk wdldrhlska

lvodis ksIamdokhg ñksid fhduq ùu

tys we;s úfYaI;ajh hs'

w,s jiqre fyj;a w,s b,;a;s êlephant dung& fuu l¾udka;fha m%Odk wuqøjHh

jk w;r Bg wu;rj mdúÉÑ lrk ,o

lvodis" flfi,a mÜgd iy msÿre o

fuu ksIamdokfha wuqøjH f,i fhdod

.efka' fï kj lvodis l¾udka;h yia;

lvodis l¾udka;h kñka ye¢kafõ'

fuu yia; lvodis wdYs%; ksñ NdKav

jYfhka fmd;a" lvodis" u¨" fmÜá"

iqn me;=ï m;a ljr iy mska;+r we,anï

hkdÈh fjf<|fmd<g y÷kajd § ;sfí'

lE.,a, Èia;s%lalfha ysßjvqkak

rkafo‚h" iS.sßfha rx.sß.u wdÈ

m%foaYj, fï l¾udka;h jHdma;j

mj;S'

yia; lvodis l¾udka;hg jeä

jYfhka Ndú; flfrk wuqøjH

jkafka w,s jiqre hs' w,shl= wdydrhg

.kakd Ydl m;%j, ;ka;=uh fldgia

jeä ksid tajd lvodis ksIamdokhg

jvd;a fhda.H fõ' l¾udka;hg wjYH

w,s jiqre ,nd .efkkafka mskakj,

w,s wkd:d.drfhks' fyd¢ka jevqKq

w,shl=f.ka Èklg idudkHfhka

w,s jiqre lsf,da.a?ï 180-200 olajd

m%udKhla ,nd .; yels neúka

fuu l¾udka;h wdYs%;j wuqøjH

,nd .ekSfï .eg¨ mek fkd k.S'


lvodis ksIamdokfha m<uq mshjr jkqfha

/ia lr .;a w,s jiqre iQ¾hdf,dalfhka

úh<d .ekSu hs' ,xldjg jir mqrd

ukd iQ¾hdf,dalhla ,efnk neúka

fuu lghq;a; fyd¢ka isÿ lr .;

yels h' fuys fojk mshjr w,s jiqre

Èkla mqrd WKqiqï c,fhka ;eïîu

hs' m<uq jk iy fojk mshjrj,ska

isÿ flfrkqfha úIîc úkdY lsÍu hs'

;ïnd .;a w,s jiqre weUreï hka;%hl

wdOdrfhka wUrd .ekSu ;=kajk mshjr

fõ' fuf,i wUrd f.k m,am idod .kq

,nk w;r miqj tu m,am wÉpqjlg

oud th c,h iys; ;gdlhl .s,ajkq

,efí' ó<Õ mshjr jkafka bial=remamq

mSvlhlska m,amj, /¢ c,h bj;a

lr .ekSu hs' wk;=rej ;=kS lvodis

ks¾udKh lr .efka' fuu iïmQ¾K

ls%hdj,sh i|yd Èk oy;=kla .; fjhs'

w,s jiqre lsf,da.a?ï oyhlska A4

m%udKfha lvodis yhish yegla

ksIamdokh l< yels h' Èklg wÕ,a

28«32 m%udKfha lvodis 1000la muK

ksIamdokh flf¾' fuf,i ksIamdÈ;

lvodisj, Yla;su;a nj jeä w;r b;d

w,xldr f,i j¾K .ekaùug yels ùu

fya;=fjka fuu lvodisj, jákdlu

by< f.dia we;' laf,daÍka" weisâ

iy úrxclj,ska f;dr ksIamdok jk

fïjdfhys j¾Kh yd jhkh úúO;ajhla

.kS' ksIamdokhg wjYH j¾K imhd

.efkkafka msÕka ueá" ÿïu, jeks

isrerg yd mßirhg wys;lr fkd

jk øjHj,sks' YS% ,xldfõ úoHd iy

l¾udka; lghq;= m¾fhaIK wdh;kfha

jd¾;dj wkqj fuu l¾udka;h i|yd

Ndú; flfrk øjH úI rys; nj

;yjqre lr ;sîu o úfYaI;ajhls'

foaYSh fj<|fmdf<ys fuu lvodis

ksIamdokh i|yd jeä b,aüla

mj;skafka ixpdrl fydag,aj,sks' flala

weiqreï fmÜá" fmd;a j¾." nE.a j¾.

iy ljr fuu lvodis wdY%s; m%Odk

ksmehqï fõ' cmdkh" wfußld tlai;a

ckmoh" tlai;a rdcOdksh" m%xih"

c¾uksh" isx.mamQrej" TiafÜ%,shdj"


ud,Èjhsk" fko¾,ka;h" b;d,sh iy

Tiaá%hdj hk rgj, yia; lvodis i|yd

mq¿,a fj<|fmd< wjia:d ilia ù we;'

óg wu;rj bkaÈhdj" iy fldßhdj

jeks rgj,ska o fï i|yd b,a¨ï mj;S'

fuu l¾udka;h wdYs%; ksIamdokj,ska

70]la muK úfoaY fjf<|fmd< flakaø

lr f.k ;sfí' mska;+r we,anï" fmÜá"

ljr iy fmd;a wdYs%; úúO j¾.fha

ksIamdok 48la Bg we;=<;a h' l¾udka;h

wka;¾cd;sl jYfhka jHdma; lsÍug YS%

,xld wmkhk ixj¾Ok uKav,fha

iyfhda.h o ,eî we;' tu ksid u

fuu yia; lvodis ksIamdokfha jeo.;a

u ,laIKh jkafka mßir ys;ldñ

l¾udka;hla jYfhka w.h l< yels

ùu hs' iajdNdúlj wuqøjH wdY%fhka

lvodis ilia lr .ekSu thg fya;= ù

we;'

j¾;udkfha uyd mßudK ksIamdokhla

njg m;aj we;s fuu l¾udka;h wdYs%;j

/lshd wjia:d rdYshla Wod ùu fuys

we;s ;j;a jdishls' wu;r wodhï ud¾.

hla fuka u ixpdrl wjOdkh ,nd .;

yels ùu yd úfoaY fjf<|dmdf<ys fuu

ksIamdokj,g we;s b,aü fya;=fjka

YS% ,xldjg ysñ jqKq wd¾Ól m%;s,dNh

;j;a jdisodhl ;;a;ajhls' w,s

wkd:d.drhl Èklg /ia jk wmøjH

m%udKh w;s úYd, h' w,s jiqre fujeks

ksIamdok l¾udka;hlg fhdod .ekSu

tla;rd wdldrhl wmøjH l<ukdlrK

l%ufõohla jYfhka o w.h l< yels

h' w,s ñksia .egqula ks¾udKh ù we;s

wµ;k iudcfha w,shd ñksidf.a i;=rl=

fkd j ys;j;l= jYfhka ms<s.ekSug

fï l¾udka;h ksid wjia:dj ie,fia'

lvodis ksIamdokfha uqLH;u wruqK

f,aLk ld¾hfhys ksr; ùug wuqøjH

ks¾udKh lr §u jqj;a fujka m%;s,dN

/ila w;a lr fok yia; lvodis

ksIamdokh l¾udka;hla jYfhka by;

i|yka wxY iuqodfhka u w.h l< yels

mßir ys;ldñ foaYSh l¾udka;hls'


wjfndaOh

1' yia; lvodis l¾udka;hg Ndú; flfrk m%Odk wuqøjHh l=ula o@

2' tu lvodis wdYs%; ksñ NdKav kï lrkak'

3' lvodis ksIamdokhg wod< mshjr wkqms<sfj<ska olajkak'

4' yia; lvodis ñ,g .kakd m%Odk úfoaY rgj,a fudkjd o@

5' l¾udka;hla jYfhka fuu ksIamdok l¾udka;fha jeo.;a ,laIK y÷kajd

fokak'

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' my; i|yka f;audj,g wod<j iÕrd ,sms ilia lrkak'

w' ,xldj uqyqK § we;s úÿ,s w¾nqoh wju lr .kafka flfia o@

wd' ji úi ke;s foaYSh wdydr mßfNdackfha jeo.;alu

2' mka;s ldurfha ì;a;s mqj;amf;ys m< lsÍu i|yd Tn leu;s lafIa;%hla

w,<d ,smshla ks¾udKh lrkak'

m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' mdif,a ì;a;s mqj;am;a ,smshla iy <ud iÕrdjl m< jQ ,smshla lshjd tu

,sms foflys fjkialï j.=jl igyka lrkak'

2' i;sm;d" udislj" ff;%udislj yd jd¾Islj m< jk iÕrd lsysmhla y÷kd

f.k tajdfhys m< jQ ld,Sk jeo.;alulska hq;= ,smsj,ska ,sms tl;=jla

ilikak' tu ,sms tlsfkld w;r yqjudre lr f.k lshjkak'

3' kqjK iÕrdj jeks Tn leu;s iÕrdjl fyda <ud mqj;am;l ,sms fm<la

f;dard f.k tajd lshjd mka;sh lKavdhï follg fn§ .=re;=ñhf.a

fufyhùu hgf;a m%Yak úpdrd;aul jevigykla iQodkï lrkak'

4' .=re;=ñh ,jd ud;Dld imhd f.k tla tla isiqjd tla tla ,smsh ne.ska ,shd

ì;a;s mqj;am;la ks¾udKh lrkak'


wo neß kï fyg f;dardmka hd¿

isxy, ckY%e;s wx.hla jk f;arú,s

lú" cklú úfYaIhls' úúO bÕs Tiafia

wkqudkfhka wre;a imhk f;arú,s lú

Ñka;k Yla;sh mqnqÿ lsÍu i|yd wmQre

wNHdihla f,i ye¢kaúh yels h' NdId

{dkh o w¾:l:k yelshdj o ÈhqKq

lrk fuh" nqoaê mÍlaIK úêl%uhla

f,i o ie,lsh yels h' tfuka u

f;arú,s lÈu úfkdaodxYhls' iqyo;dj

j¾Okhg bjy,a jk f;arú,s .eñhdf.a

lúlu o m%lg lrhs' f;arú,s lúj, §

fndfyda úg ms<s;=r wfmalaId flrefKa

o lúhlsks' f;arú,sj,g ksjerÈj

ms<s;=re §u mdKaä;Hh m%lg lrk

lreKla fldg ie,l=K nj fmfka'

tl È.g ;d,hlg .oHfhka lshdf.k

f.dia moHfhka wjidk lrk .oH

moH ñY%Kh àld iSmo kñka y÷kajhs'

WodiSk nj" ksÈnr .;sh ÿre lr

Ôjfkdamdh lghq;=j, id¾:l;ajhg

wjYH ldhsl udkisl ieye,a¨j

,eîug .eñhd fun÷ udOHj,ska iydh

,nd .;a nj fmfka' NdId l=i,;d

ÈhqKqjg fuu àld iSmo Wmfhda.s lr

.ekSug yels h'

f;arú,s lú iy àld iSmo lsysmhla

we;=<;a fï mdvu f;arú,sj,g iy

àld iSmoj,g ijka § ri ú£fï

ls%hdldrlïj, kshe,Sug Tng u.

mdohs'

16


f;arú,s lú ²

1' fldKafâ ke;sj ks;r u f;,a ..d h;s

lkafka ke;sj ieuf.ka úhoï .ks;s

fkd ÿgq flfkla ÿgqj u is; leu;s fj;s

fu;=ka mfoa f;arefjd;ska kqjK we;s

2' fldhs me;af;ka ne¨j;a wei fmakafka

fldhsld wiq jqK;a folghs lefvkafka

w;a fol ke;s jqK;a md fol ;sfhkafka

uQ ke;s jqfKd;a fï uÕ=,;a lefvkafka

3' .ul kuls wg wl=frka fhfokafka

fu,l ;ekls mo ;=klska yefokafka

uq,g rfcls w. ksjils iÕ=kafka

lsful fuils lsj yels oehs n,kafka

4' jfka Wmkafka WK u hs lshkafka

jfka bmÈ,d oi w; jefkkafka

cf,a j;=r î ks;r u isákafka

.f,a T¿j .y ks;r u w~kafka

5' trka l=fò msg bkak hs lshd f.k

Wkd ks,ajr, msg È. fy<df.k

lsß we;s fo;k i¿ i;lska jidf.k

f;dardmka hd¿ kqj‚ka n,df.k

6' wkak n,dmka w;a;l b|f,da¨

mmqj m<d f.k w`.kla uo ld¨

lld .sh f,,a, ri lr WhdÆ


7' lgqjdfkka flgqjd jeks fldf<a ieá

r;= kQf,ka f.;=jd jeks uf,a ieá

;=ka ui msfrk úg l=l=f<l= ú;r we;s

idruig mefikd f.ä lshka ils

8' w;a; w.ska iQúis u, msfmkafka

keÜg <Õska lsß jeÈ,d mefikafka

weg;a fmd;=;a ke;s f.ähls fnd,kafka

f;dardmka hd¿ kqj‚ka lshkafka

9' fmd;a; Wäka iqÿmdgg Èf,kafka

wekak úg È irnr y~ k.kafka

tA we;=f<a msßmqka i| Èf,kafka

keÜg ke;s f.äh f;dard tjkafka

àld iSmo²

neoafoa .shd je,la fidhd .kag lshd boaoje,a ;sfnkakd fmdagje,a ;sfnkakd

fkdfhla je,a ;sfnkakd thska tlla f.ke,a,d fj¿jd fia u

fj<s fj<s fj<S bi isg fom;=,g fj<S

lkafoa .shd u,la fidhd .kag lshd kdu,a ;sfnkakd imqu,a ;sfnkakd msÉp u,a

;sfnkakd thska tlla f.ke,a,d me,ekaod fia u

u,s u,s u,S kqfU fldKafâ ;sfnk u,S

j;==f¾ .shd /<la n,d .kag lshd uqyqÿ /< ;sfnkakd .x.d /< ;sfnkakd jeõ /<

;sfnkakd thska tlla ßiafika ne¨jd fia u

/<s /<s /<S kqfU kremg ;sfnk /<S

fjk rfÜ .Ekq fld,af,da y;r mia fokd kdjd ljd fmdjd f.k bkakjd fï

kEïìg w;fld¿jla ú;r ke;s fld¨jd n,d .ekSug nE lshkakd fia u

f,d,s f,d,s f,d,S ndf,d,s f,d,s nd,f,d,S


f;arú,s lú ²

1' fldKafâ ke;sj ks;r u f;,a ..d h;s

lkafka ke;sj ieuf.ka úhoï .ks;s

fkd ÿgq flfkla ÿgqj u is; leu;s fj;s

fu;=ka mfoa f;arefjd;ska kqjK we;s

2' fldhs me;af;ka ne¨j;a wei fmakafka

fldhsld wiq jqK;a folghs lefvkafka

w;a fol ke;s jqK;a md fol ;sfhkafka

uQ ke;s jqfKd;a fï uÕ=,;a lefvkafka

3' .ul kuls wg wl=frka fhfokafka

fu,l ;ekls mo ;=klska yefokafka

uq,g rfcls w. ksjils iÕ=kafka

lsful fuils lsj yels oehs n,kafka

4' jfka Wmkafka WK u hs lshkafka

jfka bmÈ,d oi w; jefkkafka

cf,a j;=r î ks;r u isákafka

.f,a T¿j .y ks;r u w~kafka

5' trka l=fò msg bkak hs lshd f.k

Wkd ks,ajr, msg È. fy<df.k

lsß we;s fo;k i¿ i;lska jidf.k

f;dardmka hd¿ kqj‚ka n,df.k

6' wkak n,dmka w;a;l b|f,da¨

mmqj m<d f.k w`.kla uo ld¨

lld .sh f,,a, ri lr WhdÆ


7' lgqjdfkka flgqjd jeks fldf<a ieá

r;= kQf,ka f.;=jd jeks uf,a ieá

;=ka ui msfrk úg l=l=f<l= ú;r we;s

idruig mefikd f.ä lshka ils

8' w;a; w.ska iQúis u, msfmkafka

keÜg <Õska lsß jeÈ,d mefikafka

weg;a fmd;=;a ke;s f.ähls fnd,kafka

f;dardmka hd¿ kqj‚ka lshkafka

9' fmd;a; Wäka iqÿmdgg Èf,kafka

wekak úg È irnr y~ k.kafka

tA we;=f<a msßmqka i| Èf,kafka

keÜg ke;s f.äh f;dard tjkafka

àld iSmo²

neoafoa .shd je,la fidhd .kag lshd boaoje,a ;sfnkakd fmdagje,a ;sfnkakd

fkdfhla je,a ;sfnkakd thska tlla f.ke,a,d fj¿jd fia u

fj<s fj<s fj<S bi isg fom;=,g fj<S

lkafoa .shd u,la fidhd .kag lshd kdu,a ;sfnkakd imqu,a ;sfnkakd msÉp u,a

;sfnkakd thska tlla f.ke,a,d me,ekaod fia u

u,s u,s u,S kqfU fldKafâ ;sfnk u,S

j;==f¾ .shd /<la n,d .kag lshd uqyqÿ /< ;sfnkakd .x.d /< ;sfnkakd jeõ /<

;sfnkakd thska tlla ßiafika ne¨jd fia u

/<s /<s /<S kqfU kremg ;sfnk /<S

fjk rfÜ .Ekq fld,af,da y;r mia fokd kdjd ljd fmdjd f.k bkakjd fï

kEïìg w;fld¿jla ú;r ke;s fld¨jd n,d .ekSug nE lshkakd fia u

f,d,s f,d,s f,d,S ndf,d,s f,d,s nd,f,d,S


lcq jdrhla o fldia jdrhla o fo,a jdrhla o wU rUqgka jdrhla o fudk y;aj,dul

jdrhla o lshkak uu okafka kE

jdf¾ l=re÷ wrf.k uu hk l,g

w,ska .sh mdrla o fldáka .sh mdrla o uqjka .sh mdrla o f.dakqka .sh mdrla o

khska fmd<`.=ka msUqrka .sh mdrla o fudk úÈfha mdrla o uu lshkak okafka kE

mdf¾ jerÈ,d .sfha lgq.iaf;dgg

r;a;rka ud,hla o ß§ ud,hla o ;U ud,hla o ms;a;, ud,hla o uq;= ue‚la

ffjfrdaä ne|mq ud,hla o fudk flfy,au,a ud,hla o lshkak uu okafka keye

udf,a ne|mq w`.kla ths tf.dv isg

;d;a;f.ka wd kElula o uq;a;f.ka wd kElula o k;a;f.ka wd kElula o

mk;a;f.ka wd kElula o ls;a;f.ka lsßls;a;f.ka lsßlE uq;a;f.ka wd kElula

o lshkak uu okafka kE

yQf¾ Trej meomka lSh fuf.dvg

whkq wdhkq wd tu jij;=f. uk rf`.a

bhkq Bhkq bIag lr .kag nqÿ nj isáh rf`.a

Whkq W!hkq Wrefj,a okjqfõ fndai;a isáh rf`.a

thkq tahkq whsrdjK we;= msg ke.S tk rf`.a

;jo whkq wdhkq lS fyhska wdj jij¾;s udrhd mrdch fldg fnda uq, jev ys| nqÿ

jQ fyhska

whkq wdhkq tu jij;=f.a uk rf`.a

;jo bhkq Bhkq lS fyhska bIag lr .kakd woyiska wm uyd fndai;dKka jykafia

WmkQmka cd;sfhys is,a /l isá fyhska

bhkq Bhkq bIag lr .kak nqÿ nj isáh rf`.a

;j o Whkq W!hkq lS fyhska Wrefj,a okjqfõ ih wjqreoaola ÿIalr ls%hd l<

fyhska

Whkq W!hkq Wrefj,a okjqfõ fndai;a isáh rf`.a

;j o thkq tahkq lS fyhska kd,d.sß yia;s rdchd rd fidf<dia l<hla fmdjd tjq

;efka § tu we;a rdchd uqks÷ oel oK Tnd isá fyhska

thkq tahkq whsrdjK we;= msg ke.S tk rf`.a


<kaolg je§ ydjqkag f.dakqkag uqjkag b;a;Ejqkag Wre,Ejqkag w,skag fldákag

j,iaiqkag khskag fmd<`.=kag msUqrkag fjä ;shkak hkakd jdf.a

fyñka fyñka uu fyakg hk l,g

uy Wia lKdgq fmd,a .ilska fmd,a f.ä ;=kaydrodyla tljr ìug lvd oeïud

jdf.a

tflla weú;a .eyqjd uf. msg ueog

kekaod ududf.a ¥ jk wejeiai kEkd lekaod f.k ú;a y;r jßf.a kEhska bÈßmsg

u`.=,a fïfia lEula ld mS%;s fjkakd jdf.a

t.=á lld uu mskñka hk l,g

fldia jdf¾ fyr<s ld,d we`. m; oeä jQ <ñiaishka úiaila ;syla tl;=j fldla

y`v ;< ;<d yskd jkakd jdf.a

uf. u ug u b, levqKd yskdjg

wjfndaOh

1' by; oelafjk f;arú,sj,g .e<fmk ms<s;=re jryka ;=< we;s mo w;ßka

f;darkak' ^.srh" Èhfyd,auk" wkakdis" bßÕ= lr,a" f.drld" ì;a;rh"

;siaiuydrduh" fo,a" fldKav lejqu&

2' f.dúlu yd iïnkaO WmlrKhla .ek lshfjk f;arú,s lúh olajkak'

3' “lld .sh f,,a, ri lr WhdÆ” hkafkka woyia lf<a l=ula o@

4' “ñ;=rd” hkakg fhfok mo folla mdvfuka Wmqgd olajkak'

5' àld iSmo lSfuka bgq lr .;a wruqKq ljf¾ o@


m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' mEk" l¿,E,a," ú,anefrdaj" jeiai" j,dl=¿ hk mo ms<s;=re jYfhka fhfok

mßÈ f;arú,s lú ks¾udKh lrkak'

2' tAjd mdi,a ì;a;s mqj;amf;a m%o¾Ykh lrkak'

3' isxy, idys;H iñ;sfha § f;arú,s lú jghla i|yd wjia:dj Wod lr

.kak'

4' Tn leu;s ud;Dldjla hgf;a àld isjqmohla ks¾udKh lrkak'

iudkd¾: mo ²

ljr NdIdjl jqj o iudkd¾:j;a mo olakg ,efí' m¾hdh mo f,i o fïjd

ye¢kafõ' iudkd¾:j;a moj,ska m%lg jkafka tu NdIdfõ m%ldYk Yla;sh hs' NdId

{dkh ÈhqKq lr .ekSug iudkd¾:j;a mo ms<sn| wjfndaOh b;d jeo.;a h'

wkjr; ksrka;r" ks;r" i;;

wrúkao fk¨ï" mshqï" moau" mxlc" mf~re" ishm;" iyiam;" lu,a

wyi .=jk" kqn" wdldYh" isfhd;au." iqru." iy;reje,

´¨ weUq," Yd¨l

Wmq, udfk,a" b÷jr" W;am,

l=iqï u,a" mqIam" ñ‚uq;=

fldals, fldjq,a" mrmqgq" fldyd

lsrK /ia" rYañh" lr

.=re wdpd¾h" weÿre" YslaIl

f;d,a ,jka" ÍaG" Tg" wOr" wor

kqjK keK" {dkh" m%{dj" meK

kqjk weia" wlaIs" fk;a" fka;%" khk

fmdf<dj Or‚" forK" uyS" ñys" jiqkaOrd


m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' mEk" l¿,E,a," ú,anefrdaj" jeiai" j,dl=¿ hk mo ms<s;=re jYfhka fhfok

mßÈ f;arú,s lú ks¾udKh lrkak'

2' tAjd mdi,a ì;a;s mqj;amf;a m%o¾Ykh lrkak'

3' isxy, idys;H iñ;sfha § f;arú,s lú jghla i|yd wjia:dj Wod lr

.kak'


iudkd¾: mo ²

ljr NdIdjl jqj o iudkd¾:j;a mo olakg ,efí' m¾hdh mo f,i o fïjd

ye¢kafõ' iudkd¾:j;a moj,ska m%lg jkafka tu NdIdfõ m%ldYk Yla;sh hs' NdId

{dkh ÈhqKq lr .ekSug iudkd¾:j;a mo ms<sn| wjfndaOh b;d jeo.;a h'

wkjr; ksrka;r" ks;r" i;;

wrúkao fk¨ï" mshqï" moau" mxlc" mf~re" ishm;" iyiam;" lu,a

wyi .=jk" kqn" wdldYh" isfhd;au." iqru." iy;reje,

´¨ weUq," Yd¨l

Wmq, udfk,a" b÷jr" W;am,

l=iqï u,a" mqIam" ñ‚uq;=

fldals, fldjq,a" mrmqgq" fldyd

lsrK /ia" rYañh" lr

.=re wdpd¾h" weÿre" YslaIl

f;d,a ,jka" ÍaG" Tg" wOr" wor

kqjK keK" {dkh" m%{dj" meK

kqjk weia" wlaIs" fk;a" fka;%" khk

fmdf<dj Or‚" forK" uyS" ñys" jiqkaOrd

uj wïud" ud;d" ud;D" ckkS" Èks;s

ñ;=re ñ;%" ils" in|

jgdm; ;,ajeg" úðksm;

i;=re remq" ms<su,a' m%;su,a,j" wß" Y;%e" miñ;=re

ihqr id.rh" iskaOq" is÷" r;akdlr" uqyqo" c,ksê" rejkdr

Yafõ; iqÿ" Oj," we<s" fy<" fia

ysre Èklr" Èjhqre" Èkm;s" ÈkñK" Èksiqre" ßú" iQ¾hhd"

iyilr" ievlr

wjfndaOh

1' iudkd¾: mo we;=<;a fmd;a msxpla ms<sfh, lrkak'

2' my; oelafjk jdlHj, bß we¢ mo fjkqjg WÑ; iudkd¾: mo fhdod

kej; ,shkak'

WodyrKh( rela uqÿkays isfhd;a le, ko fo;s'

;=re isrfiys l=re¨ rxpq y`v kÕ;s'

¸' wrefKdaofha moaufhda msìfo;s'

¸¸' ie|Efõ moaufhda mr fj;s'

¸¸¸' oo fm< mqrh irihs'

¸¹' wms ;=re,sh isgqjd ñys,sh iriuq'

¹' .=jk wrd mqrdy| Èf,hs'

¹¸' ihqre Èh u; iqÿ fmK leá w,xldr rgd ujhs'

¹¸¸' ;d;a;d fifkyiska wm /l .;af;a h'

¹¸¸¸' wkqjK ok fokqjk ,;a M, lsu@

¸º' nv.sks fj,d ud .sh l, mq;=f. f.g

º' YS% ,xldj wisßu;a Èjhskls'


3' iudkd¾: mo weiqre lr .ksñka m%fya,sld iïmQ¾K lrkak'

yryg my<g

1' ms<s;=r 1' udfk,a

3' mxp;+¾h 2' /,s

6' ,dlaId 4' remq

7' id.rh 5' f,a

1' 2'

3' 4' 5'

6'

7'

yryg my<g

1' w÷r 1' wYajdfrdaylhd

4' iq<Õ 2' jia;=

5' oreKq 3' fõ,dj

8' ;¾lh 6' ÿ¾ck

9' ijka 7' fm<

10' rcq 9' l,amh

1' 2' 3'

4'

5' 6'

7'

8' 9'

10'

4' my; oelafjk f;arú,sj,ska lshfjk f;dr;=re bka woyia jk ms<s;=r iu.

.e<fmkafka ljr ,laIK ksid oehs mka;shg úia;r lrkak'

w;a;la Wv nqïud f.k

lgq froaola fmdrjd f.k

nfâ megjq mqrjd f.k

^fldia f.äh&

odr folhs tl ku uq,a lr ;ekqjd

mdr ;syla ;e¿jg nhl=;a ke;sjd

fldka i;rhs lKq i;rhs f.g we;=jd

f;dardmka Bfha u. § ÿgqjd

^bínd&


jlal jlhs jl fojlhs

j;af;u fmd,a Tlafldu lhs

^ysruKh&

Wäkq;a .skaor

hákq;a .skaor

ueoafo ijqkaor

lkafk mdkaor

^wdmam&

Èla È.g fld< we;s

lkakkag ri we;s

fokakkag wlue;s

^Wla&

Wia .iaj, ,e. bkafka

ni ni .d b.sf<kafka

me‚ î ym ìug oukafka

yels kï fï mo f;dardmkafka

^jjq,d&



mrdiai

idys;H ks¾udK mßYS,kfhka Ôú;j,g

tl;= jk udkj w;aoelSï wmf.a Ôú;

yev .iajd .ekSug msájy,la fjhs'

;ekg iqÿiq f,i lghq;= lsÍfuka

jdisodhl ;;a;ajhka w;am;a lr .kakd

wdldrh fï kdgH fldgiska meyeÈ,s

flfrhs'

ta' mS' .=Kr;ak uy;df.a ‘rka lelsr

yd ;j;a l;d’ kï lD;sfhys we;=<;a

‘.urd, iy hld’ kï jQ l;dj weiqfrka

‘mrdiai’ kdgHh ksIamdokh flß‚'

fuu kdgHh rpkd lf<a cd;sl wOHdmk

wdh;kfha jHdmD;s ks,Odßhl= iy

wOHlaIjrhl= f,i fiajh l< frdayK

okafo‚h uy;d hs' 1980 § rkuhqr

iïudkh iy ;j;a iïudk myla Èkd

.;a fuu kdgHh wOHlaIKh lf<a

úu,r;ak wÈldß uy;d h' ix.S;fhka

odhl jQfha úYdro frdayK neoaof.a

uy;d h' fuu kdgHfhka lshfjkafka

hl=ka ne| f.k jev .;a .eñhl=f.a

l;djls' fuu l;dj ‘rdiaihka lk

mrdiaihd’ hkqfjka o ye¢kafjhs'

‘mrdiai’ kdgHfha miajk wxlh fuu

mdvug we;=<;a lr we;'

17


ld<NSIKg fmdf;a lú

ifí úodfka # rl=iq uqj we;s ld<NSIK fmk ;=kla ysi ord,d

ol=Kq w;skq;a /f.k uq.=rla uy;a weia bia rjd,d

wl=Kq y`v fia .ik fnr mo ;d,hg md ;nd,d

úiqKq lrkg krx fj; hhs fyk yQ y`äka lshd,d

^hlam;s yd mQ¾Kl .uka ;d,hlska fõÈldfõ ol=Kq fl<jrg meñfK;s' mQ¾Kl

.uf.or foig we`.s,a, È.= fldg my;a iajrfhka&

mQ¾Kl # wdkak wrl ;uhs .u Wkakefyaf. f.or'

ld<NSIK # ^wähla miaig wjq;a pls; iajrfhka& wE fnd, mQ¾Klfhd" .uh

.ek f;da lshdmq l;d we;a; o@ ^l,amkdldÍj& fldhs tlg;a f;da;a

jr ux tlalu'

mQ¾Kl # ux jf.a ksjgfhl=;a ´k o yduqÿrejfka Th jf.a kr mKqfjla nre

.ykav' ;uqkakdkafiA wr hla iNdfõ lsõj tajdhska tlla folla

fu;k § u weonEjd kï .uhd f.a;a ì|f.k fkdysg u ÿjdú fka'

ld<NSIK # uf.a we`.;a álla yS;, lr f.k tkj jf.a fnd,' Bfha ?;a l=vq

fmdolg wyq jqKq yskao o okafk kE' fldhs tlg;a f;da;a uka <`.ska

u jrflda' nhlg fkdfjhs fnd, f;dg fmkakkav ux W! nre .yk

yeá' ^hlam;s pls; njla w`.jhs&

mQ¾Kl # ;uqkakdkafia wehs fudl o fï fjjq,kj fkao@

l<NSIK # ^rjd n,d ksYaYío jk f,i ix{d fldg wähla folla bÈßhg

f.dia kej;S miq mi yeÍ n,d& jr" jr" f;da fudl o T;k .,a.eys,d

jf.a@

mQ¾Kl # ^w;ska bÈßhg hk f,i ix{d lrhs&

mqrxiskd # ^f.a we;=f<a isg& br uqÿka fjkav;a wdjd' ^fõÈldj bÈßhg tñka& wo

fï ñksyd fudk hld fydhkav .shd o ukao@ ^wdmiq hñka& br uqÿka

cdfug ths lg f.dkakla îf.k' ^f.g hhs hlal= ìh ù msgq mig

h;s'&

ld<NSIK # ljqo fnd, ta@

mQ¾Kl # ^ryiska& .u udhshd


ld<NSIK # ^fõÈldj bÈßhg wjq;a fm%alaIlhkag& .uhdf. udhsh fufyu kï

.uh fldfydug weoao@ ug kx fmakafk mQ¾Klhd lshmq foaj,a

iy;sl we;a; jf.a' fïl kï udr jij¾;sfhla fjkav ´kE' ug

oeka biairyg hd.kav;a nE' miaig hd .kav;a nE' uf.a yelr

lg yskao ;uhs fï Tlafldu kiame;a;sh' ux jf.a ;l;Srefjla'

fï mQ¾Klhd tlal wdfõ ke;akï mK flkao fír f.k .syska

mrïmrdfõ kïnqj;a /l f.k uf.a ;dkdka;f¾;a /l .kav ;sín'

^l,amkdldß ú,dihla mdñka ysi jkhs'& lula keye' wdmq tl Tfy

biairygu hkjd' ke;akï NSIK mrïmrdjg u kj ks.a.sryhla'

wfka yenEg u' uu ld<NSIK nj ug u wu;l jqKd fka fudkjd

jqK;a mQ¾Klhd biair lrka hk tl kqjKg yqrehs' neß fj,dj;a

.uhd fndgqjg mekafkd;a mQ¾Klhd ì,a,g §,d mK flkao

fírf.k Èõjels' ^mQ¾Kl foig yeÍ& fnd," mQ¾Klfhd f;da nh

ke;=j ud;a tlal jr' uu ld<NSIK fnd, ld<NSIK' wms jf.a

f;dafcdan, mrdl%ufhka hqla; kdhlfhd ìys fj,d bkafka f;dms

jf.a .e;af;d rlskav fnd,'

mQ¾Kl # tfyuhs yduqÿrejfka" tfyuhs' ux fkdokakjhe' wms jf.a .e;af;d

yeuodu;a b;sx ;uqkakdkafia,df.a msysfgka u fka Ôj;a fjkafka'

ld<NSIK # Tõ" Tõ" f;dg kï fnd, fyd| ;SlaIK nqoaêhla ;sfhk nj fmakj'

f;da biair fj,d .syska n, wr leKys,a .uhd bkakj o lsh,d'

mQ¾Kl # uf. wïfuda yduqÿrejfka" ug kï tal lrkav nE' ux fï weÜfÜßh

.yuq,g fj,d bkakx' ;uqkakdkafia mrïmrdfõ f;aci;a byg

wrka nh ke;sj biairyg hkav'

ld<NSIK # ^mQ¾Kl foig rjd n,d& tfyu kï f;da Th weÜfÜßhd .y uq,g

fj,d ysgq' T;kska fy,af,kafk tfyu kE' yÈiaishla tfyu

jqfKd;a f;da ÿjka jr' ^msg;ska fnr ud;%hla wefia' hlam;s ìh

m;aj ta fï w; n,hs&

mQ¾Kl # Tkak yduqÿrejfka wr jij¾ ;S udrh tkj' ^hlam;s ie`.ùug

;ekla fidhñka uq¿ fõÈldj mqrd u ÿjf.dia wjidkfha § we| hgg

ßx.hs' mQ¾Kl weÜfÜßhd .ig uqjd fjhs' mqxÑrd, .uka ;d,hlska

fõÈldjg msúfia&


mqxÑrd, # wo kï hfllA lkav nv.skshs' .sks .yk wõldiafg yQ lShl kka

ÿr wdjd o@ fnd,x fhdaÈfha" WUeyef. wvqlal=j ;du;a yokjd o@

br;a yeß, fydard folla u .syska'

^mqrxiskd l=iaisfha jevm< lrñka isá whqre y`.jñka .uka ;d,hlg

fõÈldjg ths'&

mqrxiskd # wd WUefy wdjd o@

mqxÑrd, # wdjd'

mqrxiskd # ux ys;=jd lSrd,,df.a Èyd me< jqKd lsh,d'

mqxÑrd,( WUyef. Th gfla kj;a;,d yomq b,õjla we;a;x fuydg

.ks,a,fld'

mqrxiskd # WUeyef. ys;=jd o Whk tl;a f,ais jevla lsh,d' .sks lld fï ;ks

w;a foflka Tlafldu lrkav tmd he' wfkla Wkaoe kï fudl o@

Woeyekelafla b|,d uy nv f.ähg rd mqrj mqrjd bkak tlu fka

jefâ'

mqxÑrd, # wfka nx'''' WUefyf. Th bú,a," ´l;a uy lÊcla o fnd,x@

mqrxiskd # wfmdhs uf.a lg' WUefyf. Th rd nvg Th yeá nv.sks kx ´x

we| hg' le;a; wdx w;k'

^.uka ;d,hlska fõ.fhkA f.a we;=<g hhs'&

mqxÑrd, # fï fhdaÈf. wvqlal=j kï fldgd ndkav fjkafka wo yekaoE cdfug

;uhs' t;l,a ug bji;Elshe ^fodr uq,af,ka le;a; .kS' by<g

w,a,d uqjy; mÍlaId lr n,hs'&

fï flfy,auf,ka mq¿jkE hfll=f.a kyhla j;a lmkav' u,lv;a

ld,d ^mqxÑrd, le;af;a uqjy; n,hs' Tyq le;a;;a /f.k ke.sg

f.dia th we| hgg ouhs' hlam;s há .sßfhka lE.iñka ke.sáhs'&

wfkaæ nqÿ .uyduqÿrejfka" udj urkav tmd' ^hld fõÈldfõ jghla

lerfla' mqxÑrd, ìhm;aj msgqmig mek jyd lsisjla wjfndaO jQ

ú,difhka ysi jkhs' ìhm;a .;sh hgm;a lr f.k ;udgu l;d

lrhs'&


mqxÑrd, # fudld o fnd, uQ@ uQ kka wr kqf.a hld fkfuhs' ̂ hld me;a;g tî&

uqf.a yeáfhka kx uqx hlal=xf. kdhlh fjkav ́ kE' fïld fudlg

o fuydg wdfõ' ^l,amkdldß ú,dihla uQfKka fmkajhs'& yß yß

ug f;areKd' tl;a tlg u uQ wdfõ udj urkav fjkav ´k' hlal=

ys;kj we;s ñksiaiqkag l=rlalx wÈk tl kskaodjla lsh,d' wo kï

uQg wïu uq;a; ldf,a b.ekakqfõ ke;s mdvula W.kakkj' wfma

Wkaoe;a oek .kSú uf.a ;ru' ^f.a me;a;g yeÍ m%S;su;a ú,difhka&

fnd,x fhdaÈfha''' fnd,x fhdaÈfha''' fï u< hiaikS fldydg ulnE

fj,d o ukao@ fnd,x .Eksfh" fuydg jfr,a,fld'

mqrxiskd # ^wE; isg& WUeyeg ;du;a neß jqKd o ´l lmd .kav@ ´lg ud;a

´kE o@ ^fõ.fhka fõosldjg msúfihs'& lE fudr fokafka ke;=j

fuydg Èhka Th le;a;'

ld<NSIK # wfka udj urkav tmd' ^mqrxiskd ld<NSIKf.a y`äka ;s.eiaiS Tyq

foi n,d úiañ; fjhs'&

mqrxiskd # uQ fudl o@ fïld o wo l=rlalx u,a, f.kdfõ@

mqxÑrd, # fufyg jr" fuydg tkavhs lsõfj' ^ld<NSIK fjjq,ñka isà'& f;da

;du;a .dgkjd' uf. nv.skak oeka byjy .syska' f;dg uu wo''''''

^fufia lshñka le;a; W¨la lrhs'& hld wE; isg u je| jefÜ'

mqqxÑrd, .u uyf.a iy fm%alaIld.drh foi wdvïnrfhka n,hs'

mqrxiskd uqyqK bj;g .kS'&

mqxÑrd, # f;da fldfya b|,d wdmq hflla o@

ld<NSIK # wfka .u yduqqÿrejfka" uu ;uhs ld<NSIK' uu wdfj Tn;=udg

wk;=rla lrkav fkdfjhs' ;uqkakdkafif. f;afcdan, mrdl%uh

.ek wy, ;uqkakdkafia jf. W;a;ufhla neye oel,d uf.ka

flfrkav ´kE rdcldß oek .kavhs wdfõ'

^mqxÑrd, wdvïnrfhka yd;ami n,hs& ;uqkakefyg l=rlalx fïjr

lrk mQ¾Klhd ;uqkakefyf. mqrdfÊrej lSjdu ug ;uqkakefyj

oel .kav f,dl= fod< ÿlla we;s jqKd'

mqxÑrd, # fod<ÿla .dhj,a yefokafka .Ekqkag fk fnd,æ ^mqrxiskd foig

yeÍ& fkao@ ^hldg& f;dfma jßf. kï msßñkag;a fod<ÿla .dhj,a

yefok mdghs' yd yd taflka lula kE' flda fnd, mQ¾Klhd@


ld<NSIK # yduqÿrejfka wdka wr weÜfÜßhd .yg uqjd fj,d bkAkjd' ^mqrxiskd

jvd;a Wkkaÿ fjhs' weh m%S;su;a .uka ;d,hlska bÈßhg f.dia tî

n,hs&

mqrxiskd # we;a; ;uhs' wr n,y,a,fld n¨ l=laflla jf.a yex.s,d bkak

yeá' tl;a tlg u fï uy tld tkag we;af; fudlla yß f,dl=

uf.daählg'

mqxÑrd, # tahs" mQ¾Klh fufyg jr" fufyg jr''''' ^mQ¾Kl yelsf<ñka

fõÈldjg ths'&

mQ¾Kl # wfka nqÿ .u yduqÿrejfka" uf.a wf;a kï fodaihla kE' ^ld<NSIK

foi ìfhka fuka n,d& ux we;a; u lshkakx' uf. mK flkao

hka;x fírefjd;a we;s'

mqrxiskd # mQ¾Klg fï jyf, hg nhfjkav lsis u fya;=jla kE' ^.uhd

mqrxiskd foi;a mQ¾Kl foi;a n,hs'&

mqxÑrd, # ux okakj f;dms fokak u weú;a ;sfhkafk f,dl= wxÑhla wÈkav

nj' f;dms okakj o fnd,õ ux ljqo lsh,d@ f;dfma bfya b|ka mÜg

.ykjd' lshdmshjq we;a;'

mQ¾Kl # wfka nqÿ .u yduqÿrejfka' uu fï lsis foalg iïnkao kE'

mqxÑrd, # iïnkao kE' uka okakj f;df. iïnkaohla ke;s yeá' lshdmsh'

lshdmsh f;dg lshkav ;sfhk foaj,a'

mQ¾Kl # fïka fï ld<NSIK Wkakdkafia ;uhs fï Tlafldgu jerÈldrhd'

ux ;uqkakefyg l=rlalx rdcldßh lrk tl uqq¿ hla jßf.g u

kskaodjla lsh, uqkakdkafia ;uhs kslx ksialdrfKa f.darKdvq

lf<a' ;uqkakefya bkak biõj fmkakqfõ ke;akï udj;a urkjd

lsh,d fu;kav weof.k wdfõ fï ld<NSIK Wkakdkafia ;uhs'

mqrxiskd # ux lsõfj" ux lsõfj yQkd lshkak jf.a uQ weú;a ;sfhkafk kï

f,dl= uf.daählg nj'

mqxÑrd, # yenEo fnd," f;da udj urkav o wdfõ@ ̂ mQ¾Klg ld<NSIK fmkajd&

w,a,msh" w,a,msh fïld" ux wo uQ lE,s lE,sj,g fm;s .ykjd'

^hlam;s yQjla lshd f.k jeò jefÜ'&


ld<NSIK # wfka nqÿ .u yduqÿrejfka" udj urkav tmd' uf.a mK flkao /l

f.k hkav bv wßkav' fjiuq‚ Wkakdkafi m,a, ux yeu fmdahg

u ù u¨ my .dfk f.k;a fokakx'

mqxÑrd, # ^fm%alaIlhkag& ux lsõfõ" lsß.yg wekakd jf." uqx weú;a ;sfhkafk

udj urkav lsh,d' uf.a wïfuda u;la fjk fldg;a" wef`.a f,a

j;=r fjkjd" udrhf. láka fíß,d ;sfhkafka wkQkjfhka'

whshkdhl fohsfhd ne¨jd' uqf.a fhdackdj kï krl kE' yeu

fmdahlg u ù u¨ myla' ughs" mqrxiskdghs rc f.or mrúfhd jf.

ysáhels uefrklka' ^fm%alaIlhkag hl=ka fmkajd& uqx ys;kafka

ñksiaiq lshkafka uy fkdaxc,a¨ lsh,d' uqx okafka kE krhkaf.

;ru' ^mqxÑrd, hl=ka wu;d& uu f;dms fokakd urkakE' wog iudj

fokjd' ^ld<NSIKg& yeu fmdahlg u ierhla f;da ù u¨ myhs'

^mQ¾Kl <`.g f.dia rjd n,d& f;da" f;da l=rlalx u¨ myhs' f;dms,d

uf. jpfk je/oaÿfjd;a oek .kshjq' f;dms,g lrk foa' wfma

f.daGhsïnr fhdaOhd Wv mek,d jï mfha iq<e`.s,af,ka .ymq mdr

f;dfma uyfidakf. T¿ f.äh wg bianla ÿr .syska jegqKd f;dmsg

u;l o@ fï mqxÑrd, f.daGhsïnrg;a jeäh f,dlaflla' f;dfma

l| nv uy;a WKdg f;dms oek .kshjq f;dmsg jeäh ukqiaihd

n,.;=hs lsh,d' ÿjmshjq hkav uf. oEyeg fkd fmkS'

^hl=ka ìhm;aj fõ.j;a úiq`M .uklska rx. N+ñfhka nei ÿj;s' ta

foi n,d iskd my< fldg" mqrxiskd yd mqxÑrd, m%S;su;a kegqulska

rx. N+ñfhka msg fj;s'&

mqxúrd, yd mqrxiskd kgd lshk lú

mqrxiskd # tf.dv fuf.dv .u jg l< mÜgkaor kej;=Kd

by< my< is; jg fldg u,a hdhla mSÿKd

msßi # f;k k`. f;k f;k '''''''$$

mqxÑrd, # w;k fu;k lskao ukao rKavq onr lïuq;=hs

wyl fy<k wd,jka; w`.r o`.r W,am;hs

msßi # f;k k`. f;k f;k '''''''$$

mqrxiskd # ùhs l=rykqhs wgqjg fldfyka ,efnkafka

wmg ne÷K ksjg hl=ka f.keú;A fokafka

ñx u;a;g keye ldg;a T`Mj kukafka

ñx u;a;g keye ldg;a T`Mj kukafka


msßi # f;k k`. f;k f;k '''''''$$

mqxÑrd, # uy ks,fuhs uy ue‚flhs tlg .e<fm;d

wfma f.g;a lsß b;sfrhs fodka; ;lsg;d

fodka; ;lsg fodka; ;lsg fodka; ;lsg;d

fodka; ;lsg fodka; ;lsg fodka; ;lsg;d

msßi # fodka; ;lsg fodka; ;lsg fodka; ;lsg;d

fodka; ;lsg fodka; ;lsg fodka; ;lsg;d ''''''' $$

kdglh wjika lrk lú

ifí úodfka # br i| ;drld .iaje,a woykafka

hl= nQ mshia .y n, fodia úuikafka

kel;ska f;drj kE lsisjla wrUkafka

ñiÈgq fodiska is; mqrjd f.k bkafka

^wkx. flda,u iïnkaO fjhs&

keK n, Wmd tä is;a ,;a ñksiqkaf.a

f;o n, tflla bò ysg f,dj u;= fjkAfka

fjr we;s ñksia is; ;=ka f,dj ch.kafka

;ek iß kqjK w`ÿrg mykla jekafka

îsh,af,da u lshd wjika lrk fi;a lúh&

oyiA fodiska msreKq okf.

is;a fodïkia úk lmkak

tmiajd" fumiajd - oyia l,a rls;ajd

fukak wfma fi;a Ydka;s$$

frdayK okafo‚h


wjfndaOh

1' fï kdgHfha oelafjk pß; kï lrkak'

2' ld<NSIK .u f.org meñfKkafka wehs@

3' mqxÑrd, yuq ùu i|yd ld<NSIK meñ‚h o Tyqf.a isf;ys ìhla" pls;hla

mj;sk nj fy<s jk wjia:d fudkjd o@

4' mqrxiskd mqxÑrd,f.a nv.skak ksjkakg hula iÕjd ;snqfKa fldfya o@

5' mqxÑrd,g;a mqrxiskdg;a w;a jQ jdisodhl ;;a;ajh meyeÈ,s lrkak'

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' kdgHfha we;=<;aj we;s my; i|yka fhÿïj, w¾:h ,shkak'

² kr mKqfjla ² weo nEjd

² nre .ykjd ² kiame;a;sh

² .u udhshd ² ;l;Srefjla

² ;dkdka;f¾ ² ks.a.sryhla

² fndgqj ² ì,a,g §,d

² wõ ldiafg ² br;a yeß,d

² me< jqKd ² uy lÊcla o@

² wvqlal=j ² fldgd ndkav

² ulnE fj,d ² fudr fokjd

² .dgkjd ² neye oel,d

² mqrdfÊrej ² fod< ÿla .dh

² jßf. ² uqjd fj,d

² uf.daäh ² fodaihla

² mK flkao ² wxÑhla

² ksialdrfKa ² f.darkdvq

² biõj ² fkdaxc,a¨

2' mdvu weiqfrka ms<s;=re ,shkak'

¸' l=ulska l=ula fõ foda hs Tfí is; l=;+y,fhka msreKq wjia:d fudkjd

oehs meyeÈ,s lrkak'

¸¸' tla tla pß;hg ,nd § we;s rx. úOdk tl ne.ska ,shd olajkak'

¸¸¸' t<suyka mka;shla bÈßfha kshñ; fldgi rÕ olajkak'

wms;a kdgHhla rpkd lruq ²

Tn l=vd ld,fha l< rÕmEula isyshg k.d .kak' fi,a,ï f.hla idod tys

uj fyda mshd fyda Tn jkakg we;¦ w;a;ïud fyda w;a;d fyda ù ta pß;j,g

mK fmdjkakg we;¦ ffjµjßhl ù frda.Ska iqjm;a lrkakg we;¦ .=re;=ñhl

ù isiqkag wl=re W.kajkakg we;' fï lS%vd wdY%fhka f.dvke.=Kq kdgHj, rÕ

mEug ta ta pß;j,g wod< fonia" ixjdo Tn u ks¾udKh lr .kakg we;'

fõÈld kdgH" ùÈ kdgH" .=jkaúÿ,s kdgH" rEmjdyskS kdgH wdÈ jYfhka úúO

kdgH ri ú¢kakg wmg wjia:dj ,efí' kdgHhl § úúO fjia .ekaùï úfYaI

we÷ï me,÷ï Ndú; flfrhs¦ úúO ix.S; NdKav fhdod.ksñka ix.S;h yd .dhkd

bÈßm;a flfrhs¦ fõÈldj wjYH f,i ierfihs¦ jpk WÉpdrKh lsÍfï § úfYaI

f,i y`v md,kh lsÍï olakg ,efnhs¦ uqyqfKka yd YÍr wjhj u.ska yeÕSï

m%ldY flfrhs' fï ish,a, tla;eka jQ úg fõÈldj u; kdgHhla rx.kh fjhs'

isÿ jQ foa wms oksuq' th isÿ jQfha flfia oehs oek .ekSug wms kdgHh n,kakg huq'

.urd, iy hld fyj;a rdiaihka lk mrdiaihd ck l;dj ckhd w;r m%p,s; h'

mrdiai kdgHh n,kakg hkafka fï isÿùu isÿ jQ wdldrh oel .ekSu i|yd h'

kdgHhla rpkd lsÍu i|yd f;dard .kakd l;dj iïmQ¾Kfhka u fõÈldfõ rÕ

oelaúh fkd yels h¦ ish¨ isÿùï kdgHfha msgm;g we;=<;a l< fkd yels h' ta

l;dj ;=< we;s kdgHhg WÑ; wjia:d f;dard .; hq;= h' fma%laIlhdf.a fyj;a

krUkakdf.a is; l=;+y,fhka msfrk wjia:d f;dard .; hq;= h' l=ulska l=ula fõ

foda’ hs is;d .; fkdyels jk wjia:d krUkakdf.a is; l=;+y,fhka mqrjhs' tjeks

wjia:d tla ;eka fldg kdgHhla rpkd l< hq;= hs'

kdgHfha tk pß;j,g .e<fmk jpk fh§ug Tn ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= h' mrdiai

kdgHfha ta ta pß; f.dv k.d we;af;a kqjr l,dúh m%foaYfha .eñ jyr weiqre

lr f.k hs' ta ta pß;j,g WÑ; f,i NdIdj Ndú; lr ;sîu ksid kdgHh rij;a

fjhs' Tn kdgHhla rpkd lrk úg NdIdj .ek ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= hs'

ixjdo ,sùfï § wod< úrdu ,l=Kq ksjerÈj fh§u o w;HjYH h' fonia WÉpdrKfha

§ y`v md,kh l< hq;= wdldrh yd k¿jd fyda ks<sh fyda lrk m%ldY krUkakdg

wjOdrKh lrk wdldrh ms<sn|j wjfndaOh ,nd fokafka ‘úrdu ,l=Kq’ u.sks'


wms;a kdgHhla rpkd lruq ²

Tn l=vd ld,fha l< rÕmEula isyshg k.d .kak' fi,a,ï f.hla idod tys

uj fyda mshd fyda Tn jkakg we;¦ w;a;ïud fyda w;a;d fyda ù ta pß;j,g

mK fmdjkakg we;¦ ffjµjßhl ù frda.Ska iqjm;a lrkakg we;¦ .=re;=ñhl

ù isiqkag wl=re W.kajkakg we;' fï lS%vd wdY%fhka f.dvke.=Kq kdgHj, rÕ

mEug ta ta pß;j,g wod< fonia" ixjdo Tn u ks¾udKh lr .kakg we;'

fõÈld kdgH" ùÈ kdgH" .=jkaúÿ,s kdgH" rEmjdyskS kdgH wdÈ jYfhka úúO

kdgH ri ú¢kakg wmg wjia:dj ,efí' kdgHhl § úúO fjia .ekaùï úfYaI

we÷ï me,÷ï Ndú; flfrhs¦ úúO ix.S; NdKav fhdod.ksñka ix.S;h yd .dhkd

bÈßm;a flfrhs¦ fõÈldj wjYH f,i ierfihs¦ jpk WÉpdrKh lsÍfï § úfYaI

f,i y`v md,kh lsÍï olakg ,efnhs¦ uqyqfKka yd YÍr wjhj u.ska yeÕSï

m%ldY flfrhs' fï ish,a, tla;eka jQ úg fõÈldj u; kdgHhla rx.kh fjhs'

isÿ jQ foa wms oksuq' th isÿ jQfha flfia oehs oek .ekSug wms kdgHh n,kakg huq'

.urd, iy hld fyj;a rdiaihka lk mrdiaihd ck l;dj ckhd w;r m%p,s; h'

mrdiai kdgHh n,kakg hkafka fï isÿùu isÿ jQ wdldrh oel .ekSu i|yd h'

kdgHhla rpkd lsÍu i|yd f;dard .kakd l;dj iïmQ¾Kfhka u fõÈldfõ rÕ

oelaúh fkd yels h¦ ish¨ isÿùï kdgHfha msgm;g we;=<;a l< fkd yels h' ta

l;dj ;=< we;s kdgHhg WÑ; wjia:d f;dard .; hq;= h' fma%laIlhdf.a fyj;a

krUkakdf.a is; l=;+y,fhka msfrk wjia:d f;dard .; hq;= h' l=ulska l=ula fõ

foda’ hs is;d .; fkdyels jk wjia:d krUkakdf.a is; l=;+y,fhka mqrjhs' tjeks

wjia:d tla ;eka fldg kdgHhla rpkd l< hq;= hs'

kdgHfha tk pß;j,g .e<fmk jpk fh§ug Tn ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= h' mrdiai

kdgHfha ta ta pß; f.dv k.d we;af;a kqjr l,dúh m%foaYfha .eñ jyr weiqre

lr f.k hs' ta ta pß;j,g WÑ; f,i NdIdj Ndú; lr ;sîu ksid kdgHh rij;a

fjhs' Tn kdgHhla rpkd lrk úg NdIdj .ek ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= hs'

ixjdo ,sùfï § wod< úrdu ,l=Kq ksjerÈj fh§u o w;HjYH h' fonia WÉpdrKfha

§ y`v md,kh l< hq;= wdldrh yd k¿jd fyda ks<sh fyda lrk m%ldY krUkakdg

wjOdrKh lrk wdldrh ms<sn|j wjfndaOh ,nd fokafka ‘úrdu ,l=Kq’ u.sks'


tfuka u k¿ks<shkag rx.kfha § wjYH Wmfoia fyj;a ‘rx. úOdk’ ta ta

wjia:dfõ ta ta ixjdo háka jryka ;=< igyka l< hq;=hs' mrdiai kdgHfha o

fuf,i rx. úOdk igyka lr we;s wdldrh n,kak' kdgHhla rpkd lsÍfï § b;d

jeo.;a lreKla f,i fï rx. úOdk .ek u;lfha ;nd .; hq;= hs'

kdgHhl msgm; y÷kajkafka ‘kdgH fm<’ hkqfjks' kdgH fm< rpkd lsÍug

fnfyda foa oek .; hq;= nj Tng meyeÈ,s jkq we;' kdgH rplhd kdgH rpkh

i|yd iqÿiq l;djla f;dard .kshs' ta i|yd fmd;m; lshúh hq;= hs' ck l;d" cd;l

l;d" iqrdx.kd l;d" Wmud l;d weiqfrka ,sh jqKq kdgH fndfyda h' tn÷ l;d

fuka u kdgH rplhdf.a mßl,amkh fufyhjd ks¾udKh l< l;djla o kdgHhg

mokï lr .; yels h' ck l;d" cd;l l;d fyda iqrx.kd l;d mokï lr .;a kß

nEkd" tf,dj .syska fuf,dj wdjd" r;a;rka" ld,f.da," ysu l=udß jeks kdgH Tn

krUd fyda lshjd fyda we;' Tng;a tjeks l;djla weiqfrka kdgHhla rpkd l<

yels hs' ta i|yd W;aidy lrkak' Tn ,shk kdgHfha rij;a nj;a cSú;hg jeo.;a

jk WmfoaYhl=;a we;=<;a lrkakg j. n,d .kak' idys;H ks¾udKhlska fï ld¾h

fol u isÿ úh hq;= hs' ta nj is;ays ;nd f.k kdgH msgm;a rpkd lr tajd wka

whf.a úkaokh ms‚i rÕ olajkak'


,sÅ; wNHdi

1' my; i|yka jkafka uqksodi l=udr;=x. uy;df.a mµ ks¾udKhls' ta

weiqfrka rij;a kdgHhla rpkd lrkak'

ojila rd álla

,en î u;a j ófhla

n<,d ù u;la

fufia lSfha WvÕ= jokla

—n<,l= b;ska ug

wiq jqK fyd;ska ú.ig

lvd W! follg

ouñ weo,d ly< f.dvlg˜

—<ufhla ta foid

ye`ã n<,l= ú,id

óhd ta wid

jid f.k weia lSh funid˜

—mska isÿ fjhs wfka

uf.a yduqÿrejfka

ud fkduerej uefka

j¢ñ w;a fol ;nd uqÿfka˜

;u ;ru oek f.k

fkd mej;=K fyd;a ieu ;ek

óhdg jQ fuk

ìhhs jkafka fkd is;= ú,isk

YslaId ud¾.h

m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' Tn okakd ck l;djla weiqfrka kdgH msgm;la rpkd lrkak'

2' úúO kdgH msgm;a lshjd ri ú| tajd f.dkq lr fmd;la ilia lrkak'

3' idys;H iñ;sh bÈßfha Tn ks¾udKh lrk kdgHhla rÕ olajkak'


jdlH Í;s II

kdu mohla jdlHhl § Wla; mohla

fyda wkqla; mohla fyda f,i fmkS isà'

tu Wla; wkqla; fNaoh o Wla; wdLHd;

moj, mqreI fNaoh o jdlH hgf;a y÷kd

.; hq;= ;j;a ,laIK folls' jdlHhl

Wla; mofha mqreIhg wkqj wdLHd;h

fh§u ksjerÈ jdlH ks¾udKh ùu i|yd

fya;= fjhs'

18

mdif,a jd¾Isl wOHdmk pdßldjg kshñ; Èkh t<fUk f;la wms uy;a

Wkkaÿfjka n,d isáfhuq' ta Èkh Wod úh' wïud ud Wfoka u wjÈ l<d h'

wE .ukg wjYH ish¨ oE ms<sfh, lr ÿkakd h'

nia r:h fj; ud meñfKk úg;a mka;sfha fndfyda hy¿fjda isáh y' uu o

Tjqka iu. nia r:hg ke. wiqkl jdä jQfhñ' ud wi,ska u isáfha liqka h'

Tyq uf.a fyd| u hy¿jd h' bÈßmi yd miqmi wiqka foflys fiks;a" ;sks,"

u,s;a yd ifoõ wiqka .;ay' Tjqyq o uf.a ñ;=frda fj;s'

‘ijka fokak'''’

ksYdka; .=re;=ud wm weu;S h'

‘wm oeka fï wdrïN lrkafka wkqrdOmqrh n,d hk wOHdmk pdßldj hs'

Tng fï .ukska fndfyda oekqu" úfkdaoh yd w;aoelSï /ila ,nd .kak

mq¿jka' tajd mka;s ldurhg fnfyúka Wmldr fõú' ta ksid fï .ukska

Wmßu m%fhdack .ekSug Tn ie,ls,su;a jkak'’

nia r:h mK .ekaù bÈßhg .sfha wfma n,dfmdfrd;a;= o mK .kajñks'

fï fþoh weiqfrka jdlH ksjerÈj ,sùfï § oek .; hq;= ;j;a ,laIK folla wms

y÷kd .ksuq'

mqreI fNaoh ²

mqreI fyaoh kdu moj, fuka u ls%hd moj, o oelsh yels ,laIKhls' ish¨ i¾j

kdu mo W;a;u mqreI" uOHu mqreI" m%:u mqreI" mqreI" ;=kska tllg wh;a fjhs'

² ;ud .ek fyda ;uka .ek lshefjk kdu mo W;a;u mqreI fjhs'

uu o nia r:hg ke. wiqkl ys| .;af;ñ'

wms uy;a Wkkaÿfjka n,d isáfhuq

fï jdlH foflys uu" wms hk mo W;a;u mqreI tal jpk yd nyq jpkhg wh;a h'


mdif,a jd¾Isl wOHdmk pdßldjg kshñ; Èkh t<fUk f;la wms uy;a

Wkkaÿfjka n,d isáfhuq' ta Èkh Wod úh' wïud ud Wfoka u wjÈ l<d h'

wE .ukg wjYH ish¨ oE ms<sfh, lr ÿkakd h'

nia r:h fj; ud meñfKk úg;a mka;sfha fndfyda hy¿fjda isáh y' uu o

Tjqka iu. nia r:hg ke. wiqkl jdä jQfhñ' ud wi,ska u isáfha liqka h'

Tyq uf.a fyd| u hy¿jd h' bÈßmi yd miqmi wiqka foflys fiks;a" ;sks,"

u,s;a yd ifoõ wiqka .;ay' Tjqyq o uf.a ñ;=frda fj;s'

‘ijka fokak'''’

ksYdka; .=re;=ud wm weu;S h'

‘wm oeka fï wdrïN lrkafka wkqrdOmqrh n,d hk wOHdmk pdßldj hs'

Tng fï .ukska fndfyda oekqu" úfkdaoh yd w;aoelSï /ila ,nd .kak

mq¿jka' tajd mka;s ldurhg fnfyúka Wmldr fõú' ta ksid fï .ukska

Wmßu m%fhdack .ekSug Tn ie,ls,su;a jkak'’

nia r:h mK .ekaù bÈßhg .sfha wfma n,dfmdfrd;a;= o mK .kajñks'

fï fþoh weiqfrka jdlH ksjerÈj ,sùfï § oek .; hq;= ;j;a ,laIK folla wms

y÷kd .ksuq'

mqreI fNaoh ²

mqreI fyaoh kdu moj, fuka u ls%hd moj, o oelsh yels ,laIKhls' ish¨ i¾j

kdu mo W;a;u mqreI" uOHu mqreI" m%:u mqreI" mqreI" ;=kska tllg wh;a fjhs'

² ;ud .ek fyda ;uka .ek lshefjk kdu mo W;a;u mqreI fjhs'

uu o nia r:hg ke. wiqkl ys| .;af;ñ'

wms uy;a Wkkaÿfjka n,d isáfhuq

fï jdlH foflys uu" wms hk mo W;a;u mqreI tal jpk yd nyq jpkhg wh;a h'


bÈßfha isák úg muKla weu;Su ,nk wh yeÕfjk kdu mo uOHu mqreI fjhs'

Tn ie,ls,su;a jkak'

fï jelsfhys fh§ we;s ‘Tn’ hk moh fuka u merKs jyfrys fh§ we;s f;da" kqU

hk tal jpk kdu mo o f;dms" kqU,d hk nyq jpk kdu mo o uOHu mqreIh

ksfhdackh lrhs'

;ud;a fkd jk" bÈßfha;a ke;s fiiq wh .ek lshefjk kdu mo wh;a jkafka

m%:u mqreIhg h'

Tyq uf.a fyd| u hy¿jd h'

wE .ukg wjYH oE ms<sfh, lr ÿkakd h'

Tjqyq o uf.a ñ;=frda fj;s'

ta wkqj by; jdlHj, fh§ we;s Tyq" wE hk kdu mo m%:u mqreI tal jpkhg o

Tjqyq hk mo m%:u mqreI nyq jpkhg o wh;a fjhs'

fï jdlHj, ;o l¿ wl=ßka fhÿKq mo ish¨ kdu mo ksfhdackh lsÍu i|yd

fhfok mo neúka tajd i¾j kdu mo hkqfjka ye¢kafjhs' mqreI ;=kg wh;a tu

i¾j kdu mo my; j.=j wdY%fhka y÷kd .kak'

mqreIh kdu moh ^tal jpk& kdu moh ^nyq jpk&

W;a;u mqreI uu wms

uOHu mqreI Tn

kqU*f;da*

Tn

kqU,d* f;dms*

m%:u mqreI Tyq

wE

Tjqyq

m%:u mqreI tal jpkhg wh;a Tyq" wE fjkqjg ñksid" .eyeksh wdÈ fjk;a kdu

mo o m%:u mqreI ls%hd mo iu. fhÈh yels h'

my; § we;s j.=j weiqfrka wjidk ls%hd mo o mqreI ;=kg we;=<;a jk whqre y÷kd

.; yels h'

*merKs jyf¾ fh§ we;'


wjidk ls%hd mo

wk;S; ld,h w;S; ld,h

mqreIh tal jpk nyq jpk tal jpk nyq jpk

W;a;u mqreI krUñ

krUkafkñ

krUuq

krUkafkuq

keröñ

kerUqfjñ

keröuq

kerUqfjñ

uOHu mqreI krUys

krUkafkys

krUyq

krUkafkyq

keröys

kerUqfjys

keröyq

kerUqfjuq

m%:u mqreI krUhs krU;s kerö h

kerUqfõ h

kerUqjd h

kerUQy

kerUqfjda h

uu" wms" Tn" kqU,d" Tyq" wE" Tjqyq wdÈ Wla; moj,g wkqj ls%hd moh fjkia jk

nj by; j.=j,ska y÷kd .; yels h'

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' by; j.= foflys tla tla wxl hgf;a we;s kdu mo yd ls%hd mo .<mñka

ysia;ekg .e<fmk ls%hd mo fhdokak'

¸' uu m%o¾Ykh ''''''''''''''''''''''''' ¸¸' wms m%o¾Ykh ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

¸¸¸' Tn m%o¾Ykh ''''''''''''''''''''''''' ¸¹' kqU,d m%o¾Ykh ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

¹' Tyq m%o¾Ykh ''''''''''''''''''''''''' ¹¸' wE m%o¾Ykh ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

¹¸¸' ñ;=rd m%o¾Ykh ''''''''''''''''''''' ¹¸¸¸' Tjqyq m%o¾Ykh ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

2' my; § we;s jdlHj, ysia;ekg iqÿiq ls%hd moh jryka ;=<ska f;dard ,shkak'

¸' wms fmd;a '''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ^lshjñ$lshjuq&'

¸¸' ñksiaiq l=Uqr '''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ^jmqryq$jmqr;s&'

¸¸¸' <uhs fi,a,ï '''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ^lr;s$lrhs&'

¸¹' wE .Shla '''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ^.ehqfõ h$.ehqjd h&'

¹' Tjqyq ;r.fhka ch '''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ,eîuq$,enQy&'

¹¸' ñ;=frda ug Wojq '''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ^lruq$lr;s&'

¹¸¸' wïud wdydr '''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ^msiqjd h$msis;s&'

¹¸¸¸' Tn olaIfhla '''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ^jkafkys$jkafka h&'

*merKs jyf¾ fh§ we;'


Wla;h" l¾uh yd ls%hd moh hkqfjka jdlHhl m%Odk wx. ;=kls'

ñksiaiq i;=ka we;s lr;s'

fï jdlHfhys wjidk ls%hdj ‘we;s lr;s’ hk moh hs' thska lshfjk moh ‘ñksiaiq’ h' tneúka ‘ñksiaiq’ hk moh Wla; ù we;' fuys ‘i;=ka’ hk moh ‘l¾uh’ hkqfjka ye¢kafõ' fï jdlHhg wh;a mo ;=k fufia y÷kd .; yels h'

Wla; moh - ñksiaiq

ls%hd moh - we;s lr;s

l¾u moh - i;=ka

Wla; mofhka ls%hdj lrkakd fyj;a l¾;D lshfjk neúka fï jdlHh l¾;D

ldrl jdlHhls' l¾u moh ls%hdfjka fkd lshfjhs' ta moh wkqla; moh hs'

jdlH ks¾udKfha § kdu mohl Wla; - wkqla; fNaoh y÷kd .ekSu fnfyúka

jeo.;a fjhs' fï ta i|yd ksoiqka lSmhls'

1 l%uh - i¾j kdu mo

Wla; moh wkqla; moh Wla; moh wkqla; moh

uu

wms

Tn

f;dms

ud

wm

Tn

f;dm

Tyq

´$wE$weh

Tjqyq

fudjqyq

Tyq

wE$weh

Tjqka

fudjqka

Wla; - wkqla; fNaoh ²


2 l%uh - m%dKjdÑ nyq jpk kdu mo

3 l%uh - wkshud¾: kdu mo


ñksfila

wef;la

isiqfjla

jjqf,la

ñksil=

we;l=

isiqjl=

jjq,l=

.eyekshla

YsIHdjla

f,aÅldjla

l;la

.eyekshl

YsIHdjl

f,aÅldjl

l;l

1" 2" 3 hgf;a § we;s i¾j kdu moj, m%dKjdÑ nyq jpk kdu moj, yd wkshud¾:

kdu moj, Wla; - wkqla; rEm fNaofhys meyeÈ,s fjkila we;s nj y÷kd .;

yels h'

my; oelafjk jels weiqfrka th ;jÿrg;a ;yjqre lr .kak' tla tla jdlHfha

háka bß we¢ moh Wla;hla o wkqla;hla o hk nj jryka ;=< oelafõ'

1' wms Tjqka y÷kuq ^Wla; mo&

.=re;=ñh wm le|jQjd h' ^wkqla; mo&

2' ñ;=frda wmg Wojq l<y' ^Wla; mo&

Tn hym;a ñ;=rka weiqre lrkak' ^wkqla; mo&

3' YsIHdfjda rx.khla bÈßm;a lr;s' ^Wla; mo&

úÿy,am;s;=ñh YsIHdjka wu;kakS h' ^wkqla; mo&


YsIHfhda

mq;a;=

f.dúfhda

n,af,da

.eyekq

uE‚fhda

YsIHhka

mq;=ka

f.dúhka

n,a,ka

.eyekqka

uE‚hka

YsIHdfjda

ñ;=frda

f,akakq

úµd{fhda

;re‚fhda

f;rKqfjda

YsIHdjka

ñ;=rka

f,akqka

úoHd{hka

;re‚hka

f;rKqjka


4' uqfjla Èh fidhd jejg meñ‚fha h' ^Wla; mo&

fldáhd uqjl= ÿgqfõ h' ^wkqla; mo&

5' oeßhla .S;h .dhkd l<d h' ^Wla; mo&

uj l=vd oeßhl jvd .;a;d h' ^wkqla; mo&

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' ysia;ekg iqÿiq Wla; mo fyda wkqla; mo fyda fhdokak'

2' my; i|yka jdlHj, ysia;ekg iqÿiq Wla; mo fyda wkqla; moh fyda

jrykska f;dard ,shkak'

¸' lsß,a,sfhda '''''''''''''''''''''''''''' rls;s' ^megjq$megjqka&

¸¸' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''' fmryef¾ h;s' ^we;a;=$we;=ka&

¸¸¸' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''' u,a me‚ fnd;s' îuk,hka$iuk,fhda&

¸¹' ne;su;ayq '''''''''''''''''''''''''''' mqo;s' ^foúhka$foúfhda&

¹' wms '''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ÿgqfjuq' îsxyhl=$isxyfhla&

¹¸' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''' rislhka mskj;s' ^.dhlhka$.dhlfhda&

¹¸¸' uu '''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ms%h lrñ' ^ñ;=frda$ñ;=rka&

¹¸¸¸' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''' .=rejreka yuq jQy' îsiqyq$isiqka&

¸º' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''' nvq úl=K;s' ^fjf<kafoda$fjf<kaoka&

º' Tjqyq '''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ÿgqfjda h' ^wms$wm&


.jfhda

''''''''''''''''''''''''

YsIHdjla

''''''''''''''''''''''''

f,aÅldfjda

''''''''''''''''''''''''

msUqrka

''''''''''''''''''''''''

l=re,a,ka

''''''''''''''''''''''''

''''''''''''''''''''''''

.=rejre

''''''''''''''''''''''''

''''''''''''''''''''''''

<ufhla

olaIhka

''''''''''''''''''''''''

lS%vlhka

fyÈhka

''''''''''''''''''''''''


m%jD;a;s

rEmjdysksh" .=jkaúÿ,sh" mqj;am;a

iy wka;¾cd,h ck udOH f,i

ye¢kafjhs' ta w;ßka .=jkaúÿ,sh

Y%jH udOHhls' tkï¦ weiSu fyj;a

Y%jKh i|yd ilia ù we;s udOHhls'

tneúka .=jkaúÿ,sfha § wka ish,a,

wNsNjd uQ,sl jkafka y`v hs' tla

jrl § Y%djlhdg .%yKh lr .ekSug

yels jk mßÈ tu y`v fyj;a Yíoh

meyeÈ,s yd ksrjq,a úh hq;= h' ta

fya;=j ksid u .=jkaúÿ,s ksfõolhd

ksjerÈ Yío WÉpdrKfhka" Yío

WÉpdjpkfhka iy iqÿiq úrduh

iys;j wod< jevigyk bÈßm;a lsÍu

wjYH h'

.=jkaúÿ,s jevigyka w;ßka m%jD;a;s

i|yd ysñ jkafka jeo.;a ia:dkhls'

m%jD;a;s m%ldYhl § uq,ska u bÈßm;a

flfrkafka isria;, hs' wk;=rej

foaYSh yd úfoaYSh m%jD;a;s;a" lS%vd

m%jD;a;s;a ld,.=K jd¾;dj;a úldYh

fjhs' fuu mdvfï wka;¾.; jkafka

YS% ,xld .=jkaúÿ,s ixia:dfjka úldYh

jQ úúO m%jD;a;s ;=kls' tA m%jD;a;sj,

we;s úúO;ajh fuka u m%jD;a;s m%ldY

jYfhka tajd w;r ;sfnk iudk;d o

Tng wjfndaO lr .; yels h'

l:k udOHfhka bÈßm;a lrk

kuq;a m%jD;a;sh ,shd we;af;a f,aLk

jHjydrhg wkqj ùu ie,lsh hq;= h'

19


2016'02'16 m'j 12'45 m%jD;a;s m%ldYh

ixialrKh( fyauka; fyÜáf.a

m%ldYh( iqÔj yßYapkaø

cmka ñ;%;ajfha ixfla;h ksfmdka udre fk!ldj wo Èjhskg'''

cmka ñ;%;ajfha ixfla;h ksfmdka udre ;reK fk!ldfjka Èjhskg meñK isák

;reK msßi wo leianEj m%foaYhg meñK isá;s' tys ksjdi 125l wo oji mqrd /£

isáñka Tjqka foaYSh wdydr mdk N=la;s ú¢k w;r foaYSh ixialD;sl w;aoelSï ,nd

.kq we;' wo miajrefõ Tjqka uvmd; ffY,drdu úydria:dkh" udl÷r ixl,am

úydria:dkh yd fndal=kaor mru ksfla;kdrdu úydria:dkh hk úydria:dkj,

meje;afjk Y%uodk yd ixialD;sl jevigykaj,g tla ùug kshñ; h' miq.sh

bßod fld<U jrdhg <Õd jQ tu fk!ldfjka rgj,a fod<yla ksfhdackh lrñka

;reK ;re‚fhda foish y;<sia ;=ka fofkla furgg meñ‚hy' ta w;r YS% ,xldj

ksfhdackh lrk ixLHdj fod<yls' ksfmdka udre fk!ldj fyg Èjhsfkka msg;aj

hEug kshñ; h'

2016'02'28 m'j' 12'45 m%jD;a;s m%ldYh

ixialrKh( fudydka fmf¾rd

m%ldYh( Ñ;%d l=udß m;a;mafmreu

f,dalfha ó ueiaika yd mrd. fmdaIKfha fhfok i;=ka

j| ù hEfï wjodkula'''

f,dalfha ó ueiaika yd mrd. fmdaIKfha fhfok i;=ka j|ù hEfï ;¾ckhla

mj;sk nj tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ixúOdkfha w¨;a u jd¾;djla i|yka lrhs' fï ksid

fNda. j.dj iy iajdNdúl mßirfhka wdydr ksIamdok lr .ekSug fkd yels

;;a;ajhla wkd.;fha § Wod úh yels nj tu jd¾;dj fmkajd fohs' tys i|yka mßÈ

fï jk úg iuk, yd ó ueis úfYaI .Kkdjla j| ù hdug ,laj ;sfí' hqfrdamfha

u,a me‚ fndk l=vd l=re¨ úfYaI" l=reñ‚ úfYaI iy jjq,a j¾. lsysmhla o

úYd, f,i j| ù f.dia ;sfí' lDñkdYl Ndú;h jeä ùu" ñksia ls%hdldrlï ksid

ñys;,h Èfkka Èk WKqiqï ùu fuu ;;a;ajhg fya;=j nj ie,fla' mDÓúfha

ffcj úúO;ajh fidhd ne,Su i|yd úoHd{hka úiska lrk ,o m¾fhaIK u; fï

jd¾;dj ksl=;a lr ;sfí'


2016'02'16 m'j' 6'00 m%jD;a;s m%ldYh

ixialrKh( fudydka fmf¾rd

m%ldYh( fykaß fifkúr;ak

ol=Kq wdishdkq lS%vd Wf,f<a rka molalï ÈkQ ysudI taIdkag

Wmka .fuka yd mdif,ka Wmydr'''

ol=Kq wdishd;sl u,, lS%vd Wf,f<ys § ol=Kq wdishdfõ fõ.j;a u ñksid fjñka"

óg¾ 100 biõfjka rka molalu ÈkQ ví' fla' ysudI taIdka ms<s.ekSfï W;aijhla

wo miajrefõ Tyqf.a Wmka.u jk l¿;r fodvkaf.dv ;=vq., § meje;ajq‚' wo

oyj,a fodvkaf.dv fldiaj;a; úoHd,h wi, isg ßh fmryerlska Tyq wl=re lrjQ

ñßiaj;a; cd;sl mdi,g le|jd f.k tkq ,eî h' tys § úÿy,am;s;=ñh we;=¿ wdpd¾h

uKav,h" YsIH YsIHdjka úiska Tyqj ms<s.kq ,eì‚' fodvkaf.dv k.rfha mej;s

ms<s.ekSfï W;aijh fodvkaf.dv m%dfoaYSh f,alï ;s,xld fj;a;isxy uy;añhf.a

m%Odk;ajfhka meje;ajq‚' tys § ysudI taIdkag iure ;s<sKhla o msßkeuq‚'

wjfndaOh

1' m<uq jeks m%jD;a;sfhka lshfjkafka l=ula ms<sn|j o@

2' ta m%jD;a;sh l=uk j¾.hlg wh;a fõ o@

3' fojeks m%jD;a;sfhka lshfjk mdßißl .eg¨j l=ula o@

4' ta .eg¨jg uQ,sl jQ lreKq fudkjd o@

5' lS%vd mqj;g f;aud jQ úfYaI isoaêh l=ula o@


úrdu ,l=Kq²

l:kfha § y`v ksis mßÈ Wia my;a lsÍfuka" wx. p,kfhka iy uqyqfKa bßhjq

u.ska woyia jvd meyeÈ,sj yd w¾:j;a f,i bÈßm;a l< yels h' f,aLkfha § fï

i|yd wdOdr jkafka úrdu ,l=Kq hs'

;s;a fm<" jryka yd ldl mdoh hk úrdu ,l=Kq fhÈh hq;= wjia:d fuys § y÷kajd

fokq ,efí'

;s;a fm< ²

;s;a ;=k ^'''&

hïlsis WoaOD; mdGhl uq,ska fyda ueÈka fyda w.ska fyda fldgila w;a yßk ,o nj

yeÕùug ;s;a ;=k fhfoa'

WodyrK( ''' lvjr foú flkl= ù jeõ wdrlaId lrk nj ck;djf.a

úYajdih hs'

tla tla foúhkaf.a Wm;''' ms<sn| .efhk ldjHdj,s úfYaIh

flda,auqr lú kñka ye¢kafõ'

f.dúhd iqn Èkhl f;dard .;a le,hg msúi'''

m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' mdvfuys i|yka m%jD;a;sj,g wkqj m%jD;a;s m%ldYhl wka;¾.; jk" Tn

y÷kd .;a úfYaI;d fudkjd o@

2' Tn f;dard .;a .=jkaúÿ,s kd,sldjl" f;dard .;a fõ,djl i;shla mqrd

úldYh jk m%jD;a;sj,g ijka § tu m%jD;a;sj,ska lshfjk jeo.;a hehs

yefÕk m%jD;a;sj,g wod< lreKq f,aLk.; lrkak'

3' my; i|yka isoaêj,g wod< .=jkaúÿ,s m%jD;a;s m%ldY ks¾udKh lrkak'

¸' ñksid m%:u jrg i| u; md ;enQ Èk úldYh jQ m%jD;a;sh

¸¸' YS% ,xldj fï Èkj, uqyqKmdñka issák W.% kshÕh

¸¸¸' YS% ,xld ls%lÜ lKavdhfï f,dal l=i,dk ch.%yKh

4' by; ks¾udKh l< m%jD;a;s mka;sh bÈßfha bÈßm;a lr .=jkaúÿ,s m%jD;a;s

bÈßm;a lsÍfï § Tn ;=< ;jÿrg;a ÈhqKq lr .; hq;= olaI;d fudkjd oehs

.=re;=ñh iu. idlÉPd lrkak'

5' Èkm;d m%Odk m%jD;a;s m%pdrh jk fõ,dj,ska Tng myiq fõ,djla f;dard

f.k i;shla we;=<; m%pdrh jk m%jD;a;sj,ska Tfí wjOdkh Èkd .;a

m%jD;a;shla u;lfhka ,shd f.k meñfKkak'

isxy, NdIdfõ ,sùfï rgdfõ iy l;d lsÍfï rgdfõ fjkialï

mj;S' tkï¦ f,aLk yd NdIK jYfhka jHjydr folla mj;S'

tn÷ jHjydr folla mj;sk NdIdj,ska m%jD;a;s bÈßm;a lsÍfï

§ ta i|yd fhda.H;u jHjydrh jkafka f,aLk jHjydrh fyj;a

,shk ni nj NdIdj ms<sn| úoaj;=ka nyq;rhlf.a u;h hs' Tn

ijka fok m%jD;a;s m%pdrhkays fï ,laIKh fldf;la ÿrg

wkq.ukh lrkafka o hkak úuid ne,Su iqÿiq h'


úrdu ,l=Kq²

l:kfha § y`v ksis mßÈ Wia my;a lsÍfuka" wx. p,kfhka iy uqyqfKa bßhjq

u.ska woyia jvd meyeÈ,sj yd w¾:j;a f,i bÈßm;a l< yels h' f,aLkfha § fï

i|yd wdOdr jkafka úrdu ,l=Kq hs'

;s;a fm<" jryka yd ldl mdoh hk úrdu ,l=Kq fhÈh hq;= wjia:d fuys § y÷kajd

fokq ,efí'

;s;a fm< ²

;s;a ;=k ^'''&

hïlsis WoaOD; mdGhl uq,ska fyda ueÈka fyda w.ska fyda fldgila w;a yßk ,o nj

yeÕùug ;s;a ;=k fhfoa'

WodyrK( ''' lvjr foú flkl= ù jeõ wdrlaId lrk nj ck;djf.a

úYajdih hs'

tla tla foúhkaf.a Wm;''' ms<sn| .efhk ldjHdj,s úfYaIh

flda,auqr lú kñka ye¢kafõ'

f.dúhd iqn Èkhl f;dard .;a le,hg msúi'''


jryka ²

úl,am jHjydrh oelaùu i|yd jryka fhdod .efka'

ir, jryka ^ &

² hï m%ldYhla jeäÿrg;a meyeÈ,s lsÍfï § ir, jryka Ndú; fjhs'

WodyrK( bka miq fyaka f.dúhd lef,a nKavdr foúhka isys fldg

;=ka h,la ^;=ka j;djla& m÷r jgd meol=Kq lrhs'

² wlaIr" wxl wdÈh wdY%fhka wkqms<sfj< fyda fldgia oelaùfï § o ir, jryka

fhfoa'

WodyrK( idys;H ks¾udKhl rih m%Odk jYfhka fohdldr h'

^w& w¾: rih

^wd& Yío rih

² lsishï ld, iSudjla ±laùfï § ir, jryka fhfoa'

WodyrK( rîkaøkd;a ;df.da¾ ^1861 - 1941& fkdfn,a ;Hd.h Èkd .;a

m%:u wdishd;slhd h'

iÕ< jryka ™ š

jryka ;=< oelaúh hq;= m%ldYkhl u ir, jryk fhfok mdGhla we;a kï uq¿

m%ldYkh u iÕ< jryka ;=< fhdokq ,efí'

WodyrK( ™miqj mka;sh lKavdhï y;rlg fn§ ks¾udKh lr

.kakd ,o l;dj mdol lr f.k kdgH msgm;a y;rla rpkd

lrkak' ^úkdä 15la i|yd&š


ldl mdoh ^ ^ &

mdGhlska u. yereKq wl=rla" mohla" mo iuQyhla kej; ,shd oelaùug ldl mdoh

Ndú; fjhs' fuh w;ska ,shk ,o f,aLkj,g muKla iSud fjhs'

WodyrK( uyje,s" le,‚"ˆ j,fõ hkq uOHu l÷lrfhka wdrïN jk

m%Odk .x.d i;rls'

,sÅ; wNHdi

my; i|yka mdGj,g iqÿiq úrdu ,laIK fhdod kej; ,shkak'

1' Y%S ,xldfõ m%Odk rdcOdks y;ls tajd kï

wkqrdOmqrh fmdf,dkakrej

oUfo‚h l=reKE.,

.ïfmd< fldaÜfÜ

uykqjr

2' ta ùÓh foiska uyd f>daIdjla fkd ikaiqkalula l,n,hla we;s úh

3' f;dg.uqfõ YS% rdyq, ysñ úYsIag mµ lD;s rdYshla mfrú ikafoaYh

ie<,sys‚ ikafoaYh ldjHfYaLrh rpkd lf<a h

4' Ô' î' fiakdkdhl uy;d 1913 1985 ksoyia mµ iïm%odh isxy,

mµhg y÷kajd §fï mqfrda.dñhd h'

5' kshÕh ksid isÿ jQ úm;l uy;

6' mqf;a wo mdvï lrkafka keoao wïudf.a y`v

7' .=re is; fkd ßojd fõ,dj fkd jrojd

ne;s fmï Wmojd wl=re W.kS l=ure fid|jd

8' uj mshd Ndrlref.a wkque;sh okajd ,smshla /f.k tkak hehs

.=re;=ñh oekqï ÿkakd h'

l¿

jryka ²

úl,am jHjydrh oelaùu i|yd jryka fhdod .efka'

ir, jryka ^ &

² hï m%ldYhla jeäÿrg;a meyeÈ,s lsÍfï § ir, jryka Ndú; fjhs'

WodyrK( bka miq fyaka f.dúhd lef,a nKavdr foúhka isys fldg

;=ka h,la ^;=ka j;djla& m÷r jgd meol=Kq lrhs'

² wlaIr" wxl wdÈh wdY%fhka wkqms<sfj< fyda fldgia oelaùfï § o ir, jryka

fhfoa'

WodyrK( idys;H ks¾udKhl rih m%Odk jYfhka fohdldr h'

^w& w¾: rih

^wd& Yío rih

² lsishï ld, iSudjla ±laùfï § ir, jryka fhfoa'

WodyrK( rîkaøkd;a ;df.da¾ ^1861 - 1941& fkdfn,a ;Hd.h Èkd .;a

m%:u wdishd;slhd h'

iÕ< jryka ™ š

jryka ;=< oelaúh hq;= m%ldYkhl u ir, jryk fhfok mdGhla we;a kï uq¿

m%ldYkh u iÕ< jryka ;=< fhdokq ,efí'

WodyrK( ™miqj mka;sh lKavdhï y;rlg fn§ ks¾udKh lr

.kakd ,o l;dj mdol lr f.k kdgH msgm;a y;rla rpkd

lrkak' ^úkdä 15la i|yd&š


m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' fm< fmdf;a Tn leu;s mdvula f;dard f.k ;s;a fm< fhfok mßÈ wjia:d

yhla ,shkak'

2' iÕ< jryk fhfok mßÈ jdlH lsysmhla ks¾udKh lrkak'

3' my; i|yka kdgH mdG wod< úrdu ,l=Kq iys;j kej; ,shkak'

¸' uf.a wmafmda l+vh ysia

¸¸' WoEik u jkhg msg;aj .sh Tn;=uka yg fndfyda fõ,d .; úh

mshdfKks

Tn;=ud fmr<d meñfKk ;=re uu ìfhka isáfhñ Tn;=udg lsis

ÿlla fkd ù o

¸¸¸' udf.a ku OkqoaOr nj wu;l fkdlrkq fid÷r

¸¹' ysáyeáfha u Wia y`äka uu fokafka kE uf.a ore meáhj uuhs W!

yeÿfõ

W! udj w÷kkjd'

¹' wjir uy rc;=uks uq¿ rg u wjodkï ;SrKd;aul wjia:djlhs miq

jkafka

tn÷ fõ,djl

¹¸' uu leu;s kE tajd .ek l;d lrkav fï orejkaf. ys;a ßfoaú

¹¸¸' wfka ÿfõ Tkak ´l ug Èhx Th uy;a;eka,d tlal iKavq fkdlr

¹¸¸¸' wfka iud fjkak uu fï weyqjduhs Tfydu wdrxÑhla wehs l=§ WU

ug fkd lsõfõ l=i rÊcqrefjd ljod o wdfj fldfya o bkafka


fndÿ mqkreofha fikam;shdfKda20

19 jk ishji w. Nd.fha furg we;s

jQ cd;sl mqkreohg odhl jQ msßi

w;r NslaIQka jykafia m%uqL jQy' úúO

fjkialïj,g n÷ka fjñka mej;s iudc

miqìul nqoaO Ydikfha meje;au yd

fn!oaO wOHdmkh k.d isgqùu Wfoid

Wka jykafia l< lem ùu buy;a h'

tfia lem jQ .=K keK fnf,ka hq;=

W;=ukaf.a pß; yeoEÍfuka wmg rij;a

Ôjk w;aoelSï fuka u yrj;a Ôjk

wdo¾Y o ,nd .; yels h'


mgq mdr Èf.a fõ.fhka .uka lrk wYaj lr;a;hls' wYaj l=r kdoh yd;ami

me;sfrhs' bÈßfhka tk f.dka lr;a;h .dgñka bÈßhg wefohs' wYaj lr;a;hg

.uka lsÍug f.dka lr;a;h mdfrka bj;g .; hq;= h' tjka iQodkula ke;s nj

wYaj lr;a;fha isá ñf.,a kï n,j;a ls%ia;shdks uqo,s;=udg yeÕS .sfha h' fldamh

o udkh o we;s j" Tyq “ljqo fï uy c.;d” hs ;udg u lshd .;af;a lr;a;fhka

nisñks' f.dka lr;a;h olalkakd ìfhka fjjq,hs' l=ulska l=ula fõ foda hs Tyq

úms<sir fjhs' lr;a;fha isáfha oyï foiqulg jäñka isá yduqÿrekuls'

“okakj o" uu ljqo lsh,d@ uu ;ud ñf.,a” hehs oeä iajrfhka lshd isáfha

uqo,s;=ud h' túg ;udf.a .sys l, ku isys l< yduqÿrejka jykafia iskd my<

lrñka"

“okakj o" uu ljqo lsh,d@ uu;a ñf.,a” hs b;d oeä iajrfhka mejiQy' yduqÿrejka

jykafia ;ukag iuÉp,a lrkjd oehs uqo,s;=udg is;=‚' uqo,s;=ud fldamfhka

msmsfrkakg úh' túg yduqÿrejka jykafia b;d Ydka;j uDÿ iajrfhka"

“flaka;s .kak tmd Wmdil Wkakefya” hs mjid ;ud ljfrla oe hs uDÿ iajrfhka

fy<s l< fial'

tA ysñhka ljfrla oe hs Tng wkqudk l< yels o@ tA wka lsisjl= fkd j hg;aúð;

iufha nqÿ iiqfka meje;au Wfoid Wod jQ fndÿ mqkreofha mykageUla jQ jd§Nisxy

fudfydÜáj;af;a .=Kdkkao ysñmdfKda h'

uqo,s;=ud Wka jykafia .ek f;dr;=re wid ;snqKq neúka jeä ÿr l;d lf<a ke;'

myka is;ska Wka jykafiag buy;a .reire we;sj .ukdka;h f;la ;kshg o

.sfha h' fofokd w;r jpkfhka fyda .egqula úh yels wjia:djla ;ekg iqÿiq mßÈ

ls%hd lsÍu ksid iqyo wjia:djla njg m;a whqre wmQre h'

fudfydÜáj;af;a .=Kdkkao ysñhka Wm; ,enQfõ 1823 fmnrjdß ui kj jeks Èk

n,msáfha fudfydÜáj;af;a § h' Wka jykafiaf.a .sys l, ku jQfha .sx.u ,oaÿ

ñf.,a uekaÈia h' .sx.u ,oaÿ wifkaßia uekaÈia uy;d mshd h' uj ñ,afvda o is,ajd

ue;sksh hs' l=vd ñf.,a bf.kSfuys olaI jQ w;r l;dfjys p;=r nj úfYaI pß;

,laIKhla úh'

tl, fudfydÜáj;a; .ï mshfia fyda tA wdikakfha fyda rcfha mdi,la fkd ;sì‚'

tfyhska l=vd ñf.,a wl=re lrkakg .sfha .fï msysá ls%ia;shdks foajia:dkhg h'

tys § mQcljrhl=f.a u. fmkaùu hgf;a fï orejdg b;d fyd¢ka isxy, fuka


u bx.sßis NdId oekqu o ,nd .kakg yels úh' Ôjk .ufka úis ji msfroa§ fï

;reKhdg wjeis jQfha m,a,sfha mQcljrhla ,nd .kakg h' tAn%yï o w,aúia kue;s

n,msáfha uyuqo,s÷f.a wdOdr Wmldr we;sj fld<U fjia,s úÿy,g we;=<;aj

jeäÿrg;a bx.sßis NdIdj yeoEÍug o ñf.,a ;reKhdg wjia:dj ie,iq‚' oekqï

msmdifhka fm¿Kq Tyqg fjia,s úÿy, oekqï ihqqf¾ msyskkakg ukd iúhla úh'

n,msáfha iqO¾udrdujdiS Y%S .=Kr;k f;reka jykafia hgf;a Ydia;% yeoErE ;reK

ñf.,a isxy," md,s" ixialD; yd nqoaO O¾uh uekúka m%.=K lrñka tl, fn!oaO

NslaIQka jykafia,dg muKla ;snQ ÿ¾,N yelshdjla jQ mqiafld< .%ka: iïmdokfha

yelshdj o ,nd .;af;a h'

ñf.,a ;reKhd g fodvka¥j l=udr uyd úydria:dkfha meje;s mskalula oel n,d

.kakg wjia:djla ,eì‚' Tyq mkaif,a lsysm Èkla k;rj mskalfï lghq;=j,g

iyfhda.h ÿkafka h' tys § ñf.,a ;reKhdg nqÿ oyu ms<sn| we;s meye§u jeäÈhqKq

úh' tys wjika m%;sM,h jQfha Tyq l=udr uyd úydrfha wêm;s .re f;,slv

yduqÿrejka jykafia hgf;a fudfydÜáj;af;a .=Kdkkao kñka meúÈ Èúhg we;=<;a

ùu h' meúÈ jQ Èkfha § u tA ysñfhda ;=kahï ? mqrd udyeÕs oyï foiqula meje;ajQy'

tu oyï foiqu fndÿ ok myka is;a jvkakg fya;= úh'

“fudlla o fmdä ku Th lshjk fmd;@” Èkla f,dl= yduqÿrejka úuiqfõ

.=Kdkkao fmdä yduqÿrejkaf.ks'

“ls%ia;shdks O¾uh” hs fmdä yduqÿrejka ms<s;=re ÿkafka b;d ikaiqka f,isks'

“fmdä kug msiaiq o@”

“wehs" f,dl= yduqÿrejfka@”

“wms nqoaOmq;%fhda" b;ska fudlg o Th wkHd.ñl fmd;a lshjkafka@”

“f,dl= yduqÿrejfka" wjirhs' ux fï yokafka ls%ia;shdks wd.u woykak fkd fjhs'

fï wd.u fudloao lsh,d oek .kak hs" tfyu oek f.k bkak tl fyd|hs fkao@”

f,dl= yduqÿrejka jykafia ksy~ jQfha ;u f.da, ysñf.a keKj;a nj ms<sn| ;=gq

is;sks'

ÿr olakd kqj‚ka hq;=j iuh iuhdka;r oekqu mq¿,a lr .ekSug Wka jykafia


lem jQ wdldrh w.fka h' fndfyda weiQ msrE ;eka we;a;l= ùfï fmr u. ,l=Kq

ieneúka u .=Kdkkao ysñhka fj;ska uq, isg u Èia úh'

1832 ìys jQ fldgfyafka §mÿ;a;udrduhg jevu l< .=Kdkkao ysñfhda O¾u foaYk

meje;aùu" fmryer ixúOdkh wdÈh u.ska fn!oaO mqk¾Ôjkhg wjYH u. ie,iQy'

jir 1844 § Wmiïmodj ,enQ Wka jykafia tA jk úg md,s" ixialD;" isxy," bx.sßis

hk NdId uekúka m%.=K fldg ;snq‚' .=Kdkkao ysñhkaf.a m%uqL;ajfhka 1848 §

msysg jQ fndaêrdc iñ;sh u.ska fndaê jDlaI frdamKh fldg fn!oaO ckhdg je÷ï

msÿï i|yd wjYH mßirh Wod lr Èks' fld<U yd ;odikak fmfoiaj, fn!oaO

fjfyr úydr fkd;snQ wjêhla neúka fndaêrdc iñ;sfhka isÿ jQ fufyjr fn!oaO

wd.ñl m%fndaOhg fya;= úh' ´kE u lghq;a;la ie,iqï iy.;j ixúOdkh lsÍug

.=Kdkkao ysñhkag ;snQ yelshdj ish¨ fokdf.a we.hSug ,la úh' nqÿ oyu ms<sn|

ck;dj oekqj;a lsÍug lem jQ Wka jykafia ls%ia;shdks jdo ú>d;ksh" i;H ud¾.h"

ßú/i" nqoaO weoys,a, jeks fmd;a m;a o rpkd l<y'

nqÿ oyug t,a, jQ wNsfhda.j,g uqyqK §u i|yd m%isoaO jdo ud,djla meje;aùug o

.=Kdkkao ysñmdfKda ls%hd l<y' jd§Nisxy hk kduh Wka jykafiag ,enqfKa tA

tu jdo ch.%yKh lsÍfuys,d oelajQ olaI;d fya;= fldg f.k h' 1865 noafoa.u §

o 1865 le,‚fha jrdf.dv § o 1866 Woïñg § o 1871 .ïfmd< § o 1873 mdkÿf¾

§ o fn!oaO - ls%ia;shdks fomsßi w;r m%isoaO jdo we;s úh' mxpuydjdo hkqfjka

ye¢kafjk fï jdo ud,dfõ ieu jdohl u m%Odk lÓlhd jQ .=Kdkkao ysñmdKka

i;= iuhdka;r oekqu;a ;¾l {dkh;a jd.apd;=¾hh;a m%lg úh' tu jdo w;ßka

mdkÿrd jdoh nqÿ oyu úfoaYj, mjd m%p,s; ùug fya;= úh' nqÿ iuh fjkqfjka

wmßñ; fufyjrl fhÿKq wfußldkq cd;sl l¾k,a fykaß iaà,a ´,alÜ uy;d

YS% ,xldjg meñŒug fya;= jQfha mdkÿrd jdoh hs' m%;sjd§kaf.a m%n,;ajh ms<sn|

wjfndaOfhka isá odhl uyf;la .=Kdkkao ysñhka mdkÿrd jdohg iQodkï fjoa§

fufia mejiS h'

“yduqÿrejfka" wjir hs' fï ;SrKh .;af;a fyd|g ys;,d u;,d fkao@”

“wehs" Wmdil uy;a;fhda tfyu weyqfõ@” .=Kdkkao ysñfhda iskd my< lrñka

weiQy'

“tA whg bx.sßis wdKavqfõ wkq.%yh;a ;sfhkjd fkao@'”

“b;ska" wms lrkafka újdohla fkd je" w;ska mhska lrk igkla he" láka lrk

igkla fkd je'”


Wka jykafia fl;rï ixhuhlska ;u u;h ;yjqre lrkakg W;aidy l<d o hkak

ñka meyeÈ,s h' ;u woyia ikd: lsÍug Wka jykafia Ndú; lf<a nqoaêh uq,a fldg

.;a jevms<sfj<ls'

tlsfkldf.a woyiaj,g idjOdkj weyqïlka fok yd .re lrk fmdÿ ck;djla

ìys ùu fuu jdoj,ska isÿ jQ jeo.;a iudc fufyjrls' lshùu" ,sùu jeks lghq;=

flfrys fmdÿ ck;dj fhduq ùug o fï ;;a;ajh úfYaIfhka fya;= úh' 1865

noafoa.u § we;s jQ jdoh uq¿ukska u ,sms yqjudrejlska isÿ jQjls' bx.sßis wdKavqj ;u

wruqKq idlaId;a lr .ekSu Wfoid Ndú; l< uqøK Ys,amh fn!oaO m%pdrl lghq;=

i|yd fhdod .kakg .=Kdkkao ysñhka m%uqL msßi iu;a ùu Èjhsfka ixialD;sl

b;sydifha b;d jeo.;a mshjrls' lshùu t;rï ckms%h fkdjQ iuhl .=Kdkkao

ysñhkaf.a woyia oek .ekSug fn!oaO - wfn!oaO fndfyda fokd fhduq jQy' furg

kj Ydia;S%h mßirhlg wjYH moku o fï u.ska Yla;su;a úh'

.=Kdkkao ysñhka fn!oaO wOHdmkhg l< fufyh wmuK h' fn!oaO mdi,a

msysgqùug fmruqK .;af;a Wka jykafia h' fï ysñhkaf.a o WmfoaYl;ajh hgf;a

´,alÜ ;=ud we;=¿ msßi úiska msysgqjQ mru ú{dkd¾: fn!oaO iud.u" ud,s.dlkao

úfoHdaoh msßfjK wdÈh tys,d b;d jeo.;a h' fld<U msysgqjk ,o m%:u fn!oaO

mdi,g iqÿiq kula fh§u iïnkaOfhka ́ ,alÜ ;=ud we;=¿ msßi .=Kdkkao ysñhkag

fhdackd lf<a tu mdi, YS% .=Kdkkao f,i kï lsÍug Bg iyfhda.h ÿka ish¨

fokd leue;a; m%ldY l< nj hs'

“uu fï ;rï fiajdjla lf<a uf.a kï .ï ;ek ;ek wgjd .kak fkd fjhs'

lreKdlr,d Th woyi w;ayer .ksuq' ug lS¾;s m%Yxid ´kE kE' ux tAjd n,d

f.k jev lrkafk;a kE” hs Wka jykafia b;d ikaiqkaj mejiQy' ñka .=Kdkkao

ysñhka wd;aud¾:fhka f;drj isÿ l< iudc fufyjr yd wk;sudkS nj ms<sìUq fõ'

ish iem; fkd ;ld wka iem; fjkqfjka Èú lem l< Wka jykafia nqÿ oyfï

ÈhqKqj u tl is;ska me;+y' flfia jqj o Wka jykafiaf.a kfï w. fldgi fhdod

wod< úÿy, kï lsÍug lghq;= fhÈ‚' ta úÿy, kï fld<U wdkkao úÿy, hs'

fuf,iska iajlSh pß; Yla;sfhka O¾u {dkfhka yd jd.a pd;=¾hfhka ksis M,

,nd buy;a Ydiksl yd iudc fufyjrl ksr; jQ fï fY%aIaG nqoaO mq;%hdKka

jykafia 1890 iema;eïn¾ 21 Èk il, fn!oaO ck;dj u fida ihqf¾ .s,ajñka

wmj;a ù jod<y' tA jk úg fndÿ mqkreoh Wfoid Wka jykafiaf.a m%;sm;a;s

wkq.ukh lrk iqúi,a .sys-meúÈ msßila ìys ù isàu u.ska idOkh jkafka Wka

jykafiaf.a mrd¾: p¾hdfõ iM, Ndjh hs'


m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' jd§Nisxy fudfydÜáj;af;a .=Kdkkao ysñhka ms<sn| Ôjo;a; m;s%ldjla

ms<sfh, lrkak'

2' fndÿ mqkreofha fikam;shdfKda hk ud;Dldj hgf;a idys;H iñ;sfha §

l;djla bÈßm;a lrkak'

3' iudc fjkiaùïj,g wkqrEmj fn!oaO NslaIQka jykafia fjkia úh hq;= h$

fjkia fkd úh hq;= h hkak ud;Dld fldg f.k újdohla iQodkï lrkak'

4' fudfydÜáj;af;a .=Kdkkao ysñhkaf.a pß;h ms<sn| ,shù we;s fmd; m;

lshjkak'

rpkd ,sùu²

pß; l;d mokï fldg rpkd ,sùfï § ksYaÑ;j lreKq oelaùu w;HjYH h' iudc

hym; Wfoid lem jqKq Wodr pß; ud;Dld lr .ekSu WÑ; h' tjeks pß; ms<sn|

rpkd ,sùfï § fm!oa.,sl;ajhg jvd cd;sl" wd.ñl yd iudÔh fufyjr we.hsh

hq;= h' fm!oa.,sl Ôjk f;dr;=re úfYaIfhka u;= l< hq;af;a iudc fufyjr

i|yd tAjd fya;= jkafka kï mu‚' ud;Dld.; pß;h ks¾udKYS,s f,i j¾Kkd

lroa§ w;sYfhdala;shg fkd kexùug j. n,d .; hq;= h'

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' my; oelafjk ud;Dldj,ska tlla f;dard f.k jpk 200la muK jk fia

rpkdjla ,shkak'

yslalvqfõ YS% iqux., ysñ ÿgq.euqKq rc;=ud

fykaß iaà,a ´,alÜ ;=ud wk.dßl O¾umd, ;=ud

Y%Su;a wd;¾ iS la,dla uy;d

.=Kdkkao ysñfhda ;¾l {dkfhka ;SlaIK y¦ ia:dfkdaÑ; m%{d we;sj wpls;j

m%;sjd§kag uqyqK ÿkay' fkd ief,k .=Kfhka bkaøÇ,hla jekshy' mlaI úmlaI

ish¨ fokd wNsuqj Wka jykafiaf.a .ïNSr jd.aOdrdj rdj m%;srdj ÿkafka wNS; isxy

kdohla f,isks' fudfydÜáj;af;a .=Kdkkao ysñhkaf.a Wodr .=Kdx. wkq.ukh

lsÍug wêIaGdk lr .ekSu;a ;ukag iycfhka ,efnk l=i,;d Tma kxjd .ksñka

iudc fufyjrl fh§ug ls%hd lsÍu;a Wka jykafia fjkqfjka oelaúh yels

fY%aIaG;u Wmydrh hs'


wpls; - pls;hlska f;drj$ksiel

wNS; - ìh ke;s

wk;sudks - w;sudks fkdjk$ksryxldr

mrd¾: p¾hdj - wkqkaf.a hym; msKsi yeisÍu

bkaøÇ,hla - fkd fi,afjk Yla;su;a lKqjla

;SlaIaK - ;shqKq

m%§mia;ïNhla - mykageUla

ia:dfkdaÑ; m%{dj - ;ekg iqÿiq kqjK

iuhdka;r oekqfuka - wkH wd.ï ms<sn| oekqfuka

wjfndaOh

1' fudydÜáj;af;a .=Kdkkao ysñhka ;=< iycfhka msysá úfYaI l=i,;dj

l=ula o@

2' ´,alÜ;=udf.a ,xld.ukhg fya;= jQ jdoh kï lrkak'

3' fndaêrdc iñ;sfhka isÿ jQ iqúfYaI fiajdj meyeÈ,s lrkak'

4' .=Kdkkao ysñhkaf.a m%Odk;ajfhka isÿ flreKq mxp uyd jdo kï lrkak'

5' .=Kdkkao ysñhkaf.a pß;fhka .; yels wdo¾Y ,ehsia;=.; lrkak'


m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' jd§Nisxy fudfydÜáj;af;a .=Kdkkao ysñhka ms<sn| Ôjo;a; m;s%ldjla

ms<sfh, lrkak'

2' fndÿ mqkreofha fikam;shdfKda hk ud;Dldj hgf;a idys;H iñ;sfha §

l;djla bÈßm;a lrkak'

3' iudc fjkiaùïj,g wkqrEmj fn!oaO NslaIQka jykafia fjkia úh hq;= h$

fjkia fkd úh hq;= h hkak ud;Dld fldg f.k újdohla iQodkï lrkak'

4' fudfydÜáj;af;a .=Kdkkao ysñhkaf.a pß;h ms<sn| ,shù we;s fmd; m;

lshjkak'

rpkd ,sùu²

pß; l;d mokï fldg rpkd ,sùfï § ksYaÑ;j lreKq oelaùu w;HjYH h' iudc

hym; Wfoid lem jqKq Wodr pß; ud;Dld lr .ekSu WÑ; h' tjeks pß; ms<sn|

rpkd ,sùfï § fm!oa.,sl;ajhg jvd cd;sl" wd.ñl yd iudÔh fufyjr we.hsh

hq;= h' fm!oa.,sl Ôjk f;dr;=re úfYaIfhka u;= l< hq;af;a iudc fufyjr

i|yd tAjd fya;= jkafka kï mu‚' ud;Dld.; pß;h ks¾udKYS,s f,i j¾Kkd

lroa§ w;sYfhdala;shg fkd kexùug j. n,d .; hq;= h'

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' my; oelafjk ud;Dldj,ska tlla f;dard f.k jpk 200la muK jk fia

rpkdjla ,shkak'

yslalvqfõ YS% iqux., ysñ ÿgq.euqKq rc;=ud

fykaß iaà,a ´,alÜ ;=ud wk.dßl O¾umd, ;=ud

Y%Su;a wd;¾ iS la,dla uy;d


mo fn§u²

,shd oelaùfï § ksjerÈj w¾: m%lg jk mßÈ mo fjka l< hq;= h' my; oelafjkqfha

ixLHdjdÑ mo ,shd oelaùfï iïu; ms<sfj< hs'

ixLHd jpkfhka ,sùu

ishfhka my< ixLHd tla fldg fyda fjka fldg fyda iurEm;dfjka ̂ tla f,aLkhl

§ ieu ;ekays u tla l%uhla wkqj& ,sùu'

oywg" oy wg úismy" úis my

ishfhka by< ixLHd ,sùfï § ish" oyia" ,laI" fldaá" ñ,shk" ì,shk" Üß,shk

wdÈ ixLHd¾:j;a jpkhla Bg mQ¾jfhka fhfok ishhg wvq ixLHd jpkhg tla

fldg fyda fjka fldg fyda iurEm;dfjka ,sùu'

wgoyia yhish úismy" wg oyia yh ish úis my

oywgoyia yhish úismy" oy wg oyia yh ish úis my

tla,laI oywgoyia yhish úismy" tla ,laI oy wg oyia yh ish úis my

ixLHd b,lalfuka ,shd oelaùu

b,lalfuka ixLHd oelaùfï § úNla;sh oelaùu ms‚i fhdok wl=re tu ixLHdj

iu. tla fldg ,sùu

10la 49lg 75lska 100g 50ka

2' my; oelafjkqfha ud¾áka úl%uisxyhkaaf.a cSú;h yd .%ka:lrKh iïnkaO

f;dr;=re iaj,amhls' th weiqre lr .ksñka “fy<fha uyd .;alre” hk

ud;Dldj hgf;a rpkdjla ,shkak'

Ôjk f;dr;=re

1890 uehs 39 fld.a., u,,.u § Wm; isÿ ùu

mshd <udfyajdf.a fodka nia;shka úl%uisxy uy;d h

uj ,shkf.a fkdÉÑydñ ue;sksh hs

1900 .d,af,a fndkúiagd mdi,g we;=<;a ùu

1902 mshdf.a wNdjh ksid we;s jQ wd¾Ól wmyiq;d fya;=fjka mdif,ka

bj;a ùu

1903 fld.a., ërdkkao ysñhka fj;ska isxy," md,s" ixialD; W.ksñka

isáh § ndf,damfoaYh keu;s m%:u .%ka:h m< lsÍu

1904 wyx.u isxy, mdi,g we;=<;a ùu

1906 § mdif,ka bj;aj ,shkakl= jYfhka /lshdjg hEu

1914 § ;udf.a m%:u kjl;dj jYfhka ,S,d m< lsÍu

1920 ÈkñK mqj;amf;ys fiajhg tla ùu

1925 újdy ùu

1946 jD;a;Sh f,aLlhl= f,i lghq;= wdrïN lsÍu

1953 § fojk t,sifn;a uy/ck úiska tï' î' B' f.!rj kduh

msßkeóu

1956 § úrd.h kjl;djg fodka fmaøsla iïudkh ,eîu yd ,o ;E.s

uqo, YsIH;ajhla i|yd msßkuk ,È

1958 fidaúhÜ ix.ufha werhqu ms<sf.k reishdfõ ixpdrh lsÍu

1959 § uyck Ökfha oi jeks ixj;airhg wdrdê; wuq;a;l= f,i

iyNd.s ùu

1961 § ;df.da¾ Y;ixj;air Wf,<g werhqï ,nd bkaÈhdjg hEu

.%ka:lrKh

<ud idys;Hh - ndf,damfoaYh" o~qfudkrh" .,sjrdhkh" rc fjkag .sh

uykakd wdÈh

kjl;d - ,S,d" .ïfmr<sh" l,shq.h" hq.dka;h" úrd.h" nj ;rKh wdÈh

flál;d - .eyekshla" mõldrhdg .,a.eiSu" jy,a¨ wdÈh

úpdr .%ka: - .=;a;s, .S;h" idys;H l,dj" isxy, idys;Hfha ke.Su" isxy,

úpdr u.

Ôj úoHdj - l=reñ‚ i;a;=" l=rd l=yqUq i;a;=" fjia udre lrk i;a;=" úoHd

úfkdao l;d

w;sf¾l lshùï fmd;a - iodpdrh yd ksfrda.S iïm;" m<d;a wdKavqj"

m%cdmd,k YslaId

o¾Ykh yd fjk;a - isxy, ,l=K" nqÿiuh yd iudc o¾Ykh" oekqu yd

oel=u" fidaúhÜ foaYfha ke.Su wdÈ


mo fn§u²

,shd oelaùfï § ksjerÈj w¾: m%lg jk mßÈ mo fjka l< hq;= h' my; oelafjkqfha

ixLHdjdÑ mo ,shd oelaùfï iïu; ms<sfj< hs'

ixLHd jpkfhka ,sùu

ishfhka my< ixLHd tla fldg fyda fjka fldg fyda iurEm;dfjka ̂ tla f,aLkhl

§ ieu ;ekays u tla l%uhla wkqj& ,sùu'

oywg" oy wg úismy" úis my

ishfhka by< ixLHd ,sùfï § ish" oyia" ,laI" fldaá" ñ,shk" ì,shk" Üß,shk

wdÈ ixLHd¾:j;a jpkhla Bg mQ¾jfhka fhfok ishhg wvq ixLHd jpkhg tla

fldg fyda fjka fldg fyda iurEm;dfjka ,sùu'

wgoyia yhish úismy" wg oyia yh ish úis my

oywgoyia yhish úismy" oy wg oyia yh ish úis my

tla,laI oywgoyia yhish úismy" tla ,laI oy wg oyia yh ish úis my

ixLHd b,lalfuka ,shd oelaùu

b,lalfuka ixLHd oelaùfï § úNla;sh oelaùu ms‚i fhdok wl=re tu ixLHdj

iu. tla fldg ,sùu

10la 49lg 75lska 100g 50ka


fu;a is; iõ i; flfrys lrkafka

21

f,dajev ms‚i" tkï f,dalfhys

hym; wruqKq lr f.k rpkd lr

we;s f,dajev iÕrdj WmfoaY ldjHhls'

isxy, idys;Hfha iaj¾Kuh hq.h

f,i ie,flk fldaÜfÜ hq.fha § fï

lD;sh rpkd flß‚' lshjkakd ;=<

rihla ckkh lsÍfuka Tíng f.dia

lshjkakdf.a Ôú;h yev .eiaùug wod<

Wmfoia iemhSu fï lD;sfha wruqK

ù ;sfí' flfia jqj o ir, nia jyr

iy Wmud rEml Ndú;h u.ska ck

wdl¾IKh ysñ lr .ekSug l;=jrhd

iu;a ù we;' f,dajev iÕrdj isjq mo

lúfhka nK lshkakg ,shjqKls'

ùod.u YS% >kdkkao msßfjfKa úiQ

ùod.u ffu;%ah ysñ f,dajev iÕrdfõ

l;=jrhd f,i m%lg h' lõ ,l=Kq ñ‚

u," nqÿ .=K w,xldrh yd oyï .eg

ud,dj ùod.u ysñhka úiska rpkd lrk

,o ;j;a .%ka: ;=kls'

fuu mdvfï we;=<;a jkafka f,dajev

iÕrdfjka Wmqgd .;a lú lsysmhls'


1' w÷frys wia f,du úÈkg ÿr §

úÿ,sh meye je/ÿK fyd;a jr§

úÿ,sh jka fï lh ,;a ;ek §

isÿ fkd lf<d;a u;= i. fudla jr§

woyi(

w÷frys t,a,d ;nd we;s wYaj f,dauhlg ÿr isg úÈkakl= úÿ,s fldgoa§ we;s jk

wdf,dalh;a iu. u ú§u l< hq;= h' tu wdf,dalh u. yerefKd;a ú§u o jrÈkq

we;' fï ukqIH wd;auh ,eîu o úÿ,sfha wdf,dalh fuka wiaÓr h' laIKfhka

ke;s fjhs' ñksil= f,i bm§ we;s fï wjia:dfõ § u mska fkd lf<d;a wmg o

wkd.;fha foõ iem; yd ksjka iem; jrÈkq we;'

2' w ;a jev mr jev iu j is;kafka

fu ;a is; iõ i; flfrys lrkafka

t ;a neß kï f;dm ii/ f.jkafka

fi ;a mqr iem flf,il o ,nkafka

woyi(

wka wh fjkqfjka lrk lghq;= o ;uka fjkqfjka u lrkakdla fuka i,lkak'

ish¨ i;a;ajhkag lreKdj olajkak' ffu;%sh lrkak' tfia fkd l< fyd;a

bmfoñka uefrñka ixidrfha fndfyda ÿla ú¢kakg isÿ jkq we;' mska fkd l<

fyd;a iir ÿflka ñ§ Ydka; jQ ksjka mqrfhys iem ú¢kafka flfia o@

3' lrk l,g mõ óß h ó fia

ú¢k l,g ÿla oeä fjhs .sks fia

we¢k t mõ ÿr ,k Wmfoafia

kqÿk uekeú ;=ka fodr wjldfia

woyi(

mõldr ls%hdjla lroa§ ;udg ,efnk i;=g ó me‚ fuka b;d ñysß h' tfy;a

tajdfha úmdlh ú¢k úg .skaor fuka fõokdldÍ h' fï nj wjfndaO lr f.k

is;" lh yd jpkh hk ;=kafodßka mjla isÿ ùug bvla fkd ;nkak'


4' w o ñ ka Ôj;a fjkjd ú;rg

oe ye ñ ka ñh hkq fid| uehs ok yg

fu f, is ka joy< uqks nK isys fldg

ie ne ú ka mska fldg meñfKjq ksjkg

woyi(

O¾udkql+, fkd jk whym;a jQ ls%hdjla lrñka Ôj;a ùug jvd O¾udkql+, jQ;a

hym;a jQ;a hula lr ñh hEu jáhs' nqÿka jykafia foaYkd l< fï oyu wjfndaO

lr f.k mska oyï lrñka ksjka u. i,id .kak'

5' <s m .s ks fudf<djk f;la Èh ie<sfha

ie m h la hehs ll=¿j Èh fl<sfhaa

t m j ;a f;dm is;f;d;a fkd mels<sfha

ie m h la kï ke; lï ri fl<sfha

woyi(

wei" lk" kdih" Èj" YÍrh hk mxfÉkaøshhka jerÈ f,i mskùug hdu iemhla

f,i is;d isáh;a wjidkfha th uyd ÿlls¦ mdmhls' <sm u; ;enQ Èh msreKq

ye<shl" fndfyda i;=áka c, lS%vd lrñka ll=¿jd isákafka ta ye<shg .skaor ouk

f;la mu‚' iemla hehs is;d lrk lï iem ú£u o tfia u h'

6' w i ,a f.fhl fidrlï .sh ojfil

l= yq ,a is;ska bkafka ;u f.h /l

is h ,a i;=ka ure f.k hkq oel oel

l= i ,a fkd ler bkafka wehs fkd j iel

woyi(

fidreka wi, ksjilg mek tys ish¨ jia;=j /f.k .sh od isg ;u ksji /l

.kafka ;ukaf.a ksjig;a fidreka t;sZhs hk ielfhks' tfy;a ish¨ i;a;ajhka

udrhd úiska f.k hkq ,nk nj oel oel;a" lsisÿ ielhla ke;sj ;uka fj; o

udrhd tk nj oek oek;a l=i,a fkd lr isákafka wehs@

7' m r i;=rka t;s t;s hk nigd

ye r wUq orejka hk f;dm j,gd

f.dr cr ure tkq oel oel fj;gd

m r udo j bkafka wehs mskgd


woyi(

úfoaYhlska i;=rka tk nj wid orejka ìß| wd§ka mjd w;yer oud le,Ejg hk

Tn" b;d ÿIalr jQ uy¨ jhi;a" urKh;a <Õg tk wdldrh oel oel mska lsÍug

m%udo jkafka wehs@

8' . Õ j;=frys hk ñksil= ÿlsfka

< Õ l< Trejg fkd kefÕk f,isfka

i . fudla fok nK woyd fkdf.fka

ÿ . ;sfh jeo f;dm lsu ÿla ú¢fka

woyi(

.xj;=rg yiq ù .fÕys .id f.k hk ñksil= iómhg Trejla <x l< úg thg

f.dv fkd jqj fyd;a .Õg jeà úkdY ùug ta ñksidg isÿ fjhs' tfia u foõf,dj

iem; yd ksjka iem; ,nd fok nqÿ nK úYajdi fkd lr wmdfha jeà ÿla ú|

úkdY ùug W;aidy lrkafka wehs@

9' je kq jd kï nqÿ .=K jekqjd u h

;e kq jd kï ;u is; ;ekqjd u h

fo kq jd kï oka mska fokqjd u h

È kq jd kï mr f,dj Èkqjd u h

woyi(

j¾Kkd lrkafka kï nqÿka jykafiaf.a .=Kh u j¾Kkd l< hq;= h' ;kd .kafka

kï" ilia lr .kafka kï ;u is; u ;kd .; hq;= h¦ ilia lr .; hq;= u h'

fokjd kï odk udk yd mska u Èh hq;= h' Èkkafka kï mrf,dj u Èksh hq;= h'

10' fl<shg lvla iÕjd hy¿jl= f.fka

t<s fldg kej; ÿka ñksil=g tf;lsfka

ú<s jeiaula fkd u úh foú jqj;a wfka

fl<shg j;a fkd lrjq fidr lula oefka

woyi(

fi,a,ug yd úys¿jg fuka hy¿jl=f.a frÈ lvla fidrlï l< flkl= ;ud

úys¿jla l< nj mjiñka tu frÈ lv kej; wdmiq ÿkak;a thska mdmhla u isÿ

úh' tu mdmh ksid ta ;eke;a;d foúhl= ù bmÿK;a Tyqg ú<s jid .ekSug i¿jla

fkd ,eì‚' tneúka úys¿jgj;a fidrlula fkd lrkakg is;g .; hq;= h'


wjfndaOh

1' lúhd fï YÍrh iudk lr we;af;a l=ulg o@

2' úÿ,s t<sh u.yerefKd;a l< fkd yels jkafka l=ula o@

3' mõ ÿ/,Su i|yd fok WmfoaYh l=ula o@

4' isjqjeks lúfha we;=<;a WmfoaYh meyeÈ,s lrkak'

5' lï iemf;ys fhfokakd Wmud lr we;af;a ljrl=g o@

6' wgjeks lúfhys fh§ we;s Wmudj iy Wmfïh ,shd olajkak'

7' fuu mµ ks¾udKh rij;a lsÍug fhdod we;s ldjHd,xldr úia;r lrkak'

,sÅ; wNHdi

‘w’ ;Srefõ i|yka mdGhg .e<fmk fldgi ‘wd’ ;Srefjka f;dard ,shkak'

‘w’ ‘wd’1' úÿ,s t<sh jerÿfKd;a wYaj f,dauhg 1' ixidrfhys uekúka ú§ug fkd yels jkakd fia ießird ksjka mqrfhys iem ,eìh yels h'

2' ;udf.a fuka u wkqkaf.a;a hym; .ek 2' foúhl= ù bmÿK;a ú<s is;kafka kï" jeiaula fkd ,enqfKa h'

3' mõ lroa§ th b;d ñysrleZhs is;=K;a 3' <sm .sks fud<jk f;la Èh ie<sfha mS%;sfhka kgk ll=¿jl= jeks h'

4' wOd¾ñlj Ôj;a fjkjdg jvd" 4' nqÿ oyu ms<smÈñka iq.;shg fkd jÈkaf.a wehs@

5' ldufhys we,S .e,S fjfikakd 5' úmdl ,efnoa§ ,efnk ÿl b;d oeä h

6' wi, ksjil nvq ndysrdÈh fydreka 6' wiaÓr lh ,o úg § mska f.k hkq oel ;u ksji /l fkd lf<d;a ksjka wjfndaO .kafka kï" lr .; fkd yels h'

7' .fÕys .id f.k hk ñksil= 7' Od¾ñlj ñh hEu jáhs' fj; Trejla f.k .sh;a 8' ish¨ i;=ka udrhd f.k hkq thg f.dv fkd jkakd fia" oel oel mska fkd lrkafka

8' fi,a,ug fuka hy¿jl=f.a we÷ula wehs@ fydrlï lsÍfuka isÿ jQ mdmh ksid

m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' isß;au,aou" iqNdIs;h" f,dafldamldrh jeks WmfoaY .%ka: yd WmfoaYd;aul

ck lú weiqfrka hym;a Ôú;hlg hk uefhka ì;a;s mqj;am;la ks¾udKh

lrkak'

2' mka;sh bÈßfha §" idys;H iñ;sfha §" WoEik /iaùfï § WmfoaYd;aul lú"

.dhkd lrkak'

3' fuu lúj, we;=<;a WmfoaY hym;a Ôú;hlg u. fmkajhs hk lshuk

ikd: lrñka rpkhla ,shkak'

úreoaOd¾: mo ²

my; i|yka jdlH lshjkak'

1' whym;a foa w;yer hym;a foa f;dard .ekSu i|yd f,dajev iÕrdj Wmldß

fjhs'

2' wl=i,h w;yer l=i,h wjfndaO lr f.k ÿokkaf.ka ñ§ iqokkaf.ka .=re

yrelï .kakg ñksid fmd,Ujk f,dajev iÕrdj WmfoaY ldjHhls'

3' kej;=Kq nqÿka jykafia fkdkej;=Kq wx.=,sud, oukh l< fial'

4' w÷r ÿre fldg i| t<sh me;sfrhs'

by; i|yka jelsj, ;o meyefhka fh§ we;s mo úuid n,kak'

hym; whym;

l=i,h wl=i,h

iqokkaf.ka ÿokkaf.ka

kej;=Kq fkdkej;=Kq

w÷r t<sh


m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' isß;au,aou" iqNdIs;h" f,dafldamldrh jeks WmfoaY .%ka: yd WmfoaYd;aul

ck lú weiqfrka hym;a Ôú;hlg hk uefhka ì;a;s mqj;am;la ks¾udKh

lrkak'

2' mka;sh bÈßfha §" idys;H iñ;sfha §" WoEik /iaùfï § WmfoaYd;aul lú"

.dhkd lrkak'

3' fuu lúj, we;=<;a WmfoaY hym;a Ôú;hlg u. fmkajhs hk lshuk

ikd: lrñka rpkhla ,shkak'

úreoaOd¾: mo ²

my; i|yka jdlH lshjkak'

1' whym;a foa w;yer hym;a foa f;dard .ekSu i|yd f,dajev iÕrdj Wmldß

fjhs'

2' wl=i,h w;yer l=i,h wjfndaO lr f.k ÿokkaf.ka ñ§ iqokkaf.ka .=re

yrelï .kakg ñksid fmd,Ujk f,dajev iÕrdj WmfoaY ldjHhls'

3' kej;=Kq nqÿka jykafia fkdkej;=Kq wx.=,sud, oukh l< fial'

4' w÷r ÿre fldg i| t<sh me;sfrhs'

by; i|yka jelsj, ;o meyefhka fh§ we;s mo úuid n,kak'

hym; whym;

l=i,h wl=i,h

iqokkaf.ka ÿokkaf.ka

kej;=Kq fkdkej;=Kq

w÷r t<sh


mohl w¾:hg úreoaO w¾:hla fok mo úreoaOd¾: mo hkqfjka ye¢kafõ' úreoaOd¾:

mohla ilia lr .kakd úê lSmhla we;s nj by; i|yka WodyrKh u.ska meyeÈ,s

fjhs'

hym;a - whym;a ^w¬hym;a&

l=i,h - wl=i,h ^w¬l=i,h&

iqokkaf.ka - ÿokkaf.ka ^ÿ¬okkaf.ka&

fuys § úreoaOd¾:j;a moh ilia lr f.k we;af;a ‘Wmi¾.’ fh§fuks'

‘fkd’ ksmd;h fh§fuka o úreoaOd¾:j;a mo ielfihs'

fyd| - fkd fyd| ^fkd ¬ fyd|&

kej;=Kq - fkd kej;=Kq ^fkd ¬ kej;=Kq&

levqKq - fkd levqKq ^fkd ¬ levqKq&

§ we;s mohg úreoaO woyila fok mohla fhdod .ekSfuka o úreoaOd¾: mo ielish

yels h'

Wv - ìu wyi - fmdf<dj

Wia - ñá fyd| - krl

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' my; i|yka mo Wmi¾. fhdod úreoaOd¾: mo f,i ilia lrkak'

¸' meye - ¸¸' jro -

¸¸¸' l,g - ¸¹' wjq,a -

¹' l=i,a - ¹¸' iu -

¹¸¸' flf,ia - ¹¸¸¸' le,e,a -

2' my; i|yka moj, úreoaOd¾: moh ,shkak'

¸' ú¢k - ¸¸' lrk -

¸¸¸' ,;a - ¸¹' ÿka -

¹' lf<d;a - ¹¸' is;f;d;a -

¹¸¸' ;ek - ¹¸¸¸' n,k -


fndrej" iqyo" mßydksh" wdOqksl"

myiq" flaj," mer‚" wOu" y`v" W!k

iuQy" ÿyo" Wkak;sh" m%ùK" we;a;"

kj" ksy`v" W;a;u" wkQk" ÿIalr

3' my; i|yka moj, úreoaOd¾: moh ,shkak'

¸' w÷r - ¸¸' neß -

¸¸¸' ÿr - ¸¹' mska -

¹' tyd - ¹¸' iem -

¹¸¸' w;ajev - ¹¸¸¸' t;s -

4' wod< ;Srej, úreoaOd¾: mo ,shd" my; i|yka j.=j iïmQ¾K lrkak'

moh Wmi¾.hla fhdod

.ksñka

ksmd;hla fhdod

.ksñka

úreoaOd¾:j;a mohla

fhdod .ksñka

.=K

wkqf,dau

ñksia

w,am

m%n,

5' m<uq fldgqfõ oelafjk jpkj,g úreoaOd¾:hla fok jpk fojk fldgqfjka

f;dard ,shkak'

6' uq,ska § we;s mohg úreoaOd¾:hla fok moh jryka ;=<ska f;dard ,shkak'

¸' jdikdj - ^Nd.Hh" iïm;" wjdikdj" fidïki&

¸¸' msreKq - ^fkdu|" wk,am" nyq," Y+kH&

¸¸¸' wdf,dalh - ^w¨" m%Nd;h" ;sñr" t<sh&

¸¹' Ydka;sh - ^m%Yxidj" i;=g" m%y¾Ih" Ydmh&

¹' uDÿ - ûgis,sgq" ishque,s" r¿" isks÷&

m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' úreoaOd¾:j;a mo yd úreoaOd¾:j;a hq., mo we;=<;a l=vd fmd;la ks¾udKh

lrkak'


ihqre .efnka u;= jQ kej

w;S; frdayK rdcOdksfha j<fõ .x.d

ñáhdjf;a msysá ßÈh.u k.rh iy

rïnd úydrh wdÈ m%foaYj, isg Tre mdre

Tiafia f.k tk foaYSh ksIamdok rg

megjQfha f.dvjdh jrdfhks' ta ls%ia;=

mQ¾j hq.fha isg ls%'j' wdrïNl ld,fha

§ h' ls%'j' fojk ishjfia §" jrdfhka

,efnk nÿ uqo,a ta wdikakfha msysá

f.dvjdh úydria:dkfha ÈhqKqj i|yd

fhoúh hq;= njg .cndyq rcq úiska

msysgqjd we;s fi,a,smsh fuhg idlaIs

imhhs'

ta ld,fha fï jrdh wdikakfha .s,S

.sh kejl ;;= iuqø .fõIKhla u.ska

fidhd .;a wdldrh fï mdvug úIh

fjhs'

.d,a, iuqø mqrdúoHd tallfha ia:dk

Ndr ks,Odß ví' tï' pkaør;ak" ta'

tï' ta' ohdkkao" risl uq;==l=udrK" tia'

tï' kkaoodi" fla' ã' md,s; ùrisxy" ví'

fla' ik;a yd ÿ,sma wixl hk uy;ajreka

.fõIK lghq;= i|yd iyNd.s ù we;'

22


wE; Èhfò ylafn,a,ka fidhd lsñÿKq ;reKfhda fofofkla lUhl .eg .id .;a

hula /f.k b;d wmyiqfjka f.dvìug meñ‚hy' fudjqka fofokdg uqyqÿ m;=f,a

;snq wmQre jia;=jla yuq ù ;sì‚'

l=vd m%udKfha .,a wdikhla jQ th mqrdúoHd fomd¾;fïka;=fõ ia:dk Ndr

ks,Odßhd w;g m;a úh' ks,Odßhd Tjqkaf.ka ta ms<sn| ;;= úuiS h'

“fldhs yßfh o ;snqfK@”

“f.dvla wE;" wä ishhg jvd

.eUqf¾'”

“j<x lgq lE,s f.dvla ;sfhkjd jf.a

fmakjd' ,S len,s jf.a;a fmakjd'”

.,a wdikfha ne£ ;snqKq ismams yd fldr,a mßiaiñka bj;a l< ks,Odßhd th msßisÿ

lf<a h'

fujeks .,a wdikhla uqyqfoa ;sî yuq jQ m%:u wjia:dj fuh hs' tys kkaÈmdo

i,l=Kla o ta iu. ;s%Y+,hl i,l=Kla o igyka fldg ;sìK' fï i,l=K Ndú;hg

f.k we;af;a ls%ia;= mQ¾j ;=kajeks ishjfia isg ls%ia;= j¾I y;r jeks ishji olajd

ld,fha § h' mqrdúoHd{hka mjikafka fujeks .,a wdik w;S;fha fn!oaO NslaIQka

jykafia wiqka .ekSu i|yd mdúÉÑ lr we;s nj hs'

mqrdúoHd{fhda .,a wdikh yuq jQ ;ek fidhd .fõIKh l<y'

tu .fõIKhg iïnkaO jQ risl uq;=l=udrK uy;d fï wmQre mqrdúoHd;aul

jákdlula we;s ia:dkh .ek fufia úia;r lf<a h'

“t;ek .s,S f.dia ;sfnkafka mer‚ oejuh fk!ldjla nj fmkS .shd' tys ueá

n÷ka iy fjk;a wjfYaI yuq fjkjd' oej fldgia kï b;d oeä fia Èrd .syska'

uqyqÿ m;af,a fldr,a yd ismams ne£u ksid tla;rd uÜgulska tajd wdrlaId fjkjd'”

t;ek ;snqKq .,a wdikh wh;a hehs wkqudk lrk hq.hg u wh;a l¿ r;= ueá n÷ka

o fidhd .ekSug mqrdúoHd{fhda iu;a jQy' fï fidhd .ekSu;a iu. f.dvjdfhka

fidhd f.k we;af;a mqrdK isxy, rdcOdks iuhg wh;a jQ fk!ldjla he hs hk

u;h iaÓr úh'

f.dvjdfha uqyqÿ m;af,ka yuq jQ .,a wdikh


fjrf<a isg lsf,daóg¾ ;=kla muK wE; uqyqfoa wä 110la muK .eUqßka fï ia:dkh

msysgd ;sì‚' .eUqr jeä ùu fya;=fjka tys .fõIK lghq;= lsÍu fjfyilr

ld¾hhla úh' 2010 foieïn¾ udifha wdrïNh;a iu. .fõIK lghq;= h<s wdrïN

flß‚' tu.ska jvd;a meyeÈ,s ks.ukhkag t<öug Tjqkag yelshdj ,eì‚'

“wmg ,enqKq fï n÷ka b;d jeo.;a fjkjd' tajd yevh wkqj bkaÈhdfõ ie¥ l¿

r;= ueá n÷ka wkqlrKh lrk ,o ksIamdokhla nj meyeÈ,s hs' ldnka 14 ld,

ks¾Kh l%uhg wkqj fïjd ls%ia;= mQ¾j fojeks ishji yd ls%ia;= j¾I ;=kajeks

ishji w;r ld,hg whs;s hs' ueá n÷ka iu. u w;S;fha tajd Tm oeóug Ndú;

l< ‘.af,aia’ kï øjH l=Üá lSmhla o yuq jqKd' fï foaj,a iy l,ska yuq jqKq .,a

wdikh ie,ls,a,g f.k wmg lshkak mq¿jka fï fk!ldj ls%ia;= j¾I uq,a ishjia

fol ;=k ;=< .s,S .sh tlla nj'”

mqrdjia;+kaf.a ;;a;ajh yd tajdfha úisr hEu fuka u

mer‚ hd;%dfõ hehs ie,flk fldgia iys; m%foaYh

úêu;aj mÍlaId lsÍfuka wod< .Kkh lsÍu yd úYd,;ajh

wkqudk lsÍu isÿ flß‚'

fuys jeämqr u olakg ,enqfKa ueá n÷ka iuQyhl wjfYaI

f;d.hls' ta len,s mÍlaId lsÍfï § úYd, nr‚" wdydr

msisk we;s<s iy uqj l=vd uqÜá úfYaIhkaf.a fldgia

y÷kd .eks‚' we;eï nr‚ ógr 1'3la muK Wie;s" óg¾

0'8la ;rï úYd, jk nj o ks.ukh flß‚'

u;=msg ;snqKq ueá n÷ka len,sj,ska úYd, m%udKhla ;=kS

je,s ;Ügqjlska jeiS f.dia ;sfí' fndfyda ia:dk w;ska

l,;d je,s bj;a l< miq ueá n÷ka b;d myiqfjka oel

.; yels úh' kefõ uOHh f,i ie,flk fldgfia

b;d ÿ¾j, yd mer‚ oejuh fldgia iys; f.dve,a,

b;d jeo.;a ia:dkhls' fï ia:dkh .fõIKfhka ;j;a .,a wdik folla

mqrdúµd{hkag yuq úh' ;j;a jeo.;a fidhd .ekSula jQfha Èrdm;a jQ oej fldgiaj,

wjfYaI yd Èrd hñka ;snQ f,dayuh fldgia iuQyhls' ta w;r ;U fldgia lsysmhla

o ;sì‚'

fï .fõIKfha § ;j;a .,a wdik ;=kla tlsfkl wdikakfha ;sfnk wdldrh

o mqrdúµd{hkaf.a ksÍlaIKhg n÷ka úh' Tjqkaf.a u;h jQfha fï fk!ldj

wkqrdOmqr rdcOdks iufha uq,a hq.fha § .s,S .sh rej,a kejla úh hq;= nj hs'


úfoaY rgj,a i;=j uqyqfoa

mqrdúoHd;aul jia;= .fõIKh lsÍfï

yd tajdfha ld,h ;yjqre lsÍfï kùk

;dlaI‚l l%fudamdhhka mj;sk

neúka fï ms<sn| jeämqr mÍlaIK

i|yd úfoia iydh ,nd .ekSu .d,a,

iuqø mqrdúoHd tallfha ;SrKh úh'

ta wkqj kefjka yuq jQ oej fldgia

bkaÈhdfõ § ishqï mÍlaIKhlg

Ndckh lrk ,È' tys § l< ld,

ks¾Kh wkqj fï oejuh fk!ldj

ls%ia;= mQ¾j fojeks fyda m<uq jeks

ishjig wh;a tlla hehs ;yjqre úh'

.,a wdikhla Tiafia ,enqKq f;dr;=re

miqmi .sh mqrdúµd{hka fidhd f.k

we;af;a f,dj bmer‚;u fk!ldjls'

fuys bÈß .fõIK yd ixrlaIK

lghq;= h<s wdrïN flfrkq we;'

túg w;S; YS% ,xldfõ uqyqÿ .uka yd keõ iE§fï ;dlaIKh ms<sn| wmQre jeo.;a

f;dr;=re /ila wkdjrKh lr .; yels fõ h hkak mqrdúoHd{hkaf.a wfmalaIdjhs'

.fõIKhg ,la jQ hd;%dfõ ;snQ oej wjfYaI



kkaÈmdo i,l=K - Y=N i,l=Kls' Od¾ñlNdjh ksfhdackh lrk

ixfla;hla fia ie,fla'

;s%Y+,h - W,a ;=kla we;s wdhqOh

ldnka 14 ld, ks¾Kh - ldnka kue;s uQ, øjHfha úlsrKYS,S

iuia:dkslhls' ldnksl øjHhla iys; mqrd

jia;=jl ld,h uekSug ldnka uQ, øjHfha

fjkia ùu mokï lr .kq ,efí'

wjfYaI - b;sßh" fYaIh

nr‚ - ueá" f,day" úÿrej,ska ieÿ f,dl= Ndckhla

wjfndaOh

1' uqyqÿ m;af,a ;sî uq,ska u yuq jQ wmQ¾j jia;=j l=ula o@

2' fujeks .,a wdik m%fhdackhg f.k we;af;a ljr ld¾hhla i|yd o@

3' fuys § yuq jQ ueá n÷ka j¾. fudkjd o@

4' .,a nxl= yd ueá n÷ka whs;s hehs ks¾Kh l< ld, jljdkq i|yka lrkak'

5' ld, ks¾Kh wkqj f.dvjdfha uqyqfoys .s,S .sh kej l=uk ld,hlg wh;a o@

;ks mo ²

my; oelafjk mo foi n,kak'

c,fha .eUqre ia:dkh - ÈhU

mer‚ jia;= .ek yodrk úoHdj - mqrdúoHdj

jpk lsysmhlska lshfjk woyila i|yd fhfok mo ‘;ks mo’ hkqfjka ye¢kafõ'

ta wkqj ‘ÈhU’ yd ‘mqrdúoHdj’ hkq ;ks mo hs'

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' my; § we;s tla tla woyi §u i|yd fhÈh yels ;ks mo jryka ;=<ska

f;dard" bÈßfha we;s ysia;efkys ,shkak'

¸' hlvfhka lrk ,o - ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

¸¸' fndfyda l,l isg mejf;k - ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

¸¸¸' fya;= wkqj hula is;d .ekSu - ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

¸¹' ukd fia /l .ekSu - ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

¹' Èh f.dv foflys jik - ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

¹¸' w¨;ska hula fiùu - ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

¹¸¸' iqmÍlaIdldÍj ne,Su - ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

¹¸¸¸' ,Sfhka ;ekQ - ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

^wkqudkh" ksÍlaIKh" oejuh" Ñrd.;" f,dayuh" .fõIKh" WNhÔú"

ixrlaIKh&


;ks mo ²

my; oelafjk mo foi n,kak'

c,fha .eUqre ia:dkh - ÈhU

mer‚ jia;= .ek yodrk úoHdj - mqrdúoHdj

jpk lsysmhlska lshfjk woyila i|yd fhfok mo ‘;ks mo’ hkqfjka ye¢kafõ'

ta wkqj ‘ÈhU’ yd ‘mqrdúoHdj’ hkq ;ks mo hs'

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' my; § we;s tla tla woyi §u i|yd fhÈh yels ;ks mo jryka ;=<ska

f;dard" bÈßfha we;s ysia;efkys ,shkak'

¸' hlvfhka lrk ,o - ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

¸¸' fndfyda l,l isg mejf;k - ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

¸¸¸' fya;= wkqj hula is;d .ekSu - ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

¸¹' ukd fia /l .ekSu - ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

¹' Èh f.dv foflys jik - ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

¹¸' w¨;ska hula fiùu - ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

¹¸¸' iqmÍlaIdldÍj ne,Su - ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

¹¸¸¸' ,Sfhka ;ekQ - ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

^wkqudkh" ksÍlaIKh" oejuh" Ñrd.;" f,dayuh" .fõIKh" WNhÔú"

ixrlaIKh&


`

rpkd ,sùfï yelshdj Wiia f,aLk l=i,;djls' § we;s ud;Dldj hgf;a lreKq

l%udkql+,j fm<.iajd bÈßm;a lsÍu rpkdjlska wfmalaId flf¾' rpkd ,sùfï §

ksjerÈ jdlH Í;s wkq.ukh lsÍu;a" wlaIr úkHdih" mo fn§u yd úrdu ,laIK

ksjerÈj Ndú; lsÍu;a wjYH fõ' meyeÈ,s w;a wl=re o rpkdj flfrys wdl¾IKh

fhduq ùu i|yd fya;= fjhs'

rpkdj ,sùug fmr ud;Dldj fyd¢ka lshjd ta i|yd iels,a,la ks¾udKh lr .ekSu

b;d m%fhdackj;a fjhs' tu.ska ud;Dldjg wod< lreKq jvd;a ixúOdkd;aulj

bÈßm;a l< yels h' rpkd iels,a,la m%fõYh ^wdrïNh&" we;=<;a úh hq;= lreKq

^wka;¾.;h&" wjidkh ^ks.ukh& hk fldgia ;=fkka hqla; úh yels h'

‘lDIsl¾udka;h kxjuq’ hk ud;Dldj hgf;a rpkd iels,a,la ilid .kafka

fufia h'

1' m%fõYh

2' lDIsl¾udka;fha w.h

3' wfma rcjreka lDIsl¾udka;hg l< fufyh

4' rgg wdydr iemhSug f.dùka .kakd ;e;

5' lDIsl¾udka;h flfrys we;s .eg¨

6' lDIsl¾udka;h kexùug fhdackd

7' wjidkh

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' my; § we;s rpkd ud;Dld i|yd rpkd iels,s ks¾udKh lrkak'

¸' mßirh /l .ksuq

¸¸' ure le|jk ßh wk;=re

¸¸¸' uqyqÿ m;=f,a lsñÿfKñ

¸¹' jk fm;l wisßh

¹' kejlska ijdßhla

2' tla ud;Dldjla hgf;a ieliQ iels,a,lg wkqj rpkhla ,shkak'

rpkd ,sùu²


ijka fhduuq" l;d lruq" ,shqï ,shuq

23

wms tÈfkod Ôú;fha § úúO foag ijka

fouq' tlsfkldf.a l;d nyg" .=jka

úÿ,shg" úúO Yíoj,g wdÈ jYfhka

ijka fok wms tajdg fkdfhla m%;spdr

o olajuq' YsIHhka fyda Y%djlhka

jYfhka foaYkhlg ijka §u fmr

i|yka lrk ,o Y%jKh lsÍïj,g jvd

u|la fjkia fjhs' fmr iQodkulska

hq;=j" Wkkaÿfjka" úpdrYS,sj iy

wjfndaOfhka hï foaYkhlg ijka §

oekqu j¾Okh lr .ekSug fuys § u.

fmkajkq ,efí'

fï mdvfuka bÈßm;a flfrkafka

fi!LH úIh lafIa;%hg wod<

foaYkhls' ksjerÈ bßhjq mj;ajd f.k

hEfuka fld÷ weg fmf<a kSfrda.sNdjh

we;s lr .ekSug wod< f;dr;=re fï

mdvfuys we;=<;a h' ta lreKq Tfí

ffoksl lghq;=j, § m%dfhda.slj

w;ayod ne,sh yels h'


ksjerÈ bßhjq iy fi!LHiïmkak fld÷ weg fm< ²

wdhqfndajka'''

iqn WoEikla fõjd wdorŒh ÿfõ" mqf;a"

uu wo Tn oekqj;a lsÍug iQodkï jkafka Tn ish¨ fokdg u jeo.;a jk" tfy;a

wfma wjOdkh yßyeá fhduq fkd jQ lafIa;%hla .ek' ta ;uhs Tfí YdÍßl bßhjq

ksjerÈj mj;ajd f.k hEu iy ta wkqj fi!LHiïmkak fld÷ weg fm<la mj;ajd

.ekSu'

wfma YÍrfha m%Odk u wdOdrlh jkafka wmf.a Yla;su;a fld÷ weg fm<' fld÷

weg fmf<a lfYareld" wiaÓ" nkaOks" fmaYs iy wka;¾ lfYarel u`v, tl;= ùfuka

YÍrfha ia:dhS;dj mj;ajd f.k hkjd' tfuka u tu.ska YÍrfha p,k i|yd bv

yeÍu;a bßhjq i|yd fhdod .ekSu;a isÿ fjkjd'

<ud iy kj fh!jk wjê wiaÓ j¾Okfha jeo.;a u ld,mßÉfþo hs' ksjerÈj

bßhjq mj;ajd .ekSfuka Tng ,iaik fmkqula ,nd fokjd muKla fkdj fld÷

weg fm<g isÿ jk wk;=re yd frda. j<lajd .ekSug;a Wmldß jk nj u;l ;nd

.kak'

ksjerÈ bßhjq mj;ajd .ekSu

fuys § wfma wjOdkh fhduq jkafka m%Odk lafIa;% y;rla fj; hs'

1' isg f.k isák úg iy weúÈk úg

2' jdä ù isák úg

3' mdi,a nE.h /f.k hk úg

4' úYd, NdKav tyd fuyd lsÍu$udre lsÍu

isg f.k isák úg iy weúÈk úg wkq.ukh l< hq;= ksjerÈ bßhjq fudkjd

oehs wms n,uq' Tn nia kej;=ïmf<a isg f.k isákjd' mdif,a Wfoa /iaùfï

isg f.k bkakjd' fï wdÈ fndfyda wjia:dj, Tn ysg f.k bkakjd' Tn ;rul


fyda wjOdkhla fhduq l<d o Tn fï isg f.k isák bßhõj .ek@ th ksjerÈ o

hkak ms<sn|j@

ta .ek wjOdkh fhduq lsÍu we;a; jYfhka u jeo.;a' Tfí fld÷ weg fmf<ys

kSfrda.s;dj iy YÍrfha Rcq nj fyd¢ka mj;ajd f.k hEu flfrys Tn isg .kakd

wdldrh n,mdkjd' oeka wms n,uq ksjerÈj ysg.kafka flfia o lshd'

Tn fl<ska isg .kak' th lrkafka fufyu hs' Tfí ysi bÈßhg uqyqK,d .kak'

kslg kjd .kak' Wrysia fol tl iudk uÜgulska ;nd .kak' ta jf.a u Wrysia

,sys,aj ;nd .ekSu;a jeo.;a' nv Wvg ;o lr f.k bkak' Wl=< m%foaYfhka iq¿

fyda we, njla ;sfhkak neye' oeka Tn fï lshQ wdldrhg fl<ska isg .kak'

isg .ekSfï § Tn ;j;a fohla

u;l ;nd .; hq;= u hs' tys §

Tn ll=,a foflka u tl iudkj

YÍrfha nr ord .ekSu wjYH hs'

tl ll=,lg jeä nrla § wfklg

wvq nrla § isg f.k isák wh ud

fldf;l=;a oel ;sfnkjd' fuh

Tfí fld÷ weg fm<g ydkslr

ls%hdjla nj wu;l lrkak tmd'

fuys § ;j;a jeo.;a ldrKhla

isysm;a l< hq;= hs' Tn isg f.k

isák úg fyda weúÈk úg Tn

m,¢k im;a;=j .ek is;=jd o@

keye fkao@ wo fndfyda fofkla

ú,dis;djla úÈyg;a mqreoaola

yeáhg;a wä Wi im;a;= m,¢kjd'

th Tfí fld÷ weg fm<g jf.a

u mdoj,g;a wys;lr n,mEï we;s

lrkjd' ta ksid yels ;rï iudk Wilska hq;a wä iys;" fndfyda fihska Wia fkd

jk mdjyka yd im;a;= me,£ug mqreÿ jkak'

isg f.k isák úg yd weúÈk úg

Wrysia ksoyiaj tl uÜgula" ,sys,aj

fl,ska

nv Wvg ;o lr f.k

bÈßhg uqyqK ,d

kslg kjd f.k

isg f.k isák úg Tfí im;a;=j

ksjerÈ bßhjq iy fi!LHiïmkak fld÷ weg fm< ²

wdhqfndajka'''

iqn WoEikla fõjd wdorŒh ÿfõ" mqf;a"

uu wo Tn oekqj;a lsÍug iQodkï jkafka Tn ish¨ fokdg u jeo.;a jk" tfy;a

wfma wjOdkh yßyeá fhduq fkd jQ lafIa;%hla .ek' ta ;uhs Tfí YdÍßl bßhjq

ksjerÈj mj;ajd f.k hEu iy ta wkqj fi!LHiïmkak fld÷ weg fm<la mj;ajd

.ekSu'

wfma YÍrfha m%Odk u wdOdrlh jkafka wmf.a Yla;su;a fld÷ weg fm<' fld÷

weg fmf<a lfYareld" wiaÓ" nkaOks" fmaYs iy wka;¾ lfYarel u`v, tl;= ùfuka

YÍrfha ia:dhS;dj mj;ajd f.k hkjd' tfuka u tu.ska YÍrfha p,k i|yd bv

yeÍu;a bßhjq i|yd fhdod .ekSu;a isÿ fjkjd'

<ud iy kj fh!jk wjê wiaÓ j¾Okfha jeo.;a u ld,mßÉfþo hs' ksjerÈj

bßhjq mj;ajd .ekSfuka Tng ,iaik fmkqula ,nd fokjd muKla fkdj fld÷

weg fm<g isÿ jk wk;=re yd frda. j<lajd .ekSug;a Wmldß jk nj u;l ;nd

.kak'

ksjerÈ bßhjq mj;ajd .ekSu

fuys § wfma wjOdkh fhduq jkafka m%Odk lafIa;% y;rla fj; hs'

1' isg f.k isák úg iy weúÈk úg

2' jdä ù isák úg

3' mdi,a nE.h /f.k hk úg

4' úYd, NdKav tyd fuyd lsÍu$udre lsÍu

isg f.k isák úg iy weúÈk úg wkq.ukh l< hq;= ksjerÈ bßhjq fudkjd

oehs wms n,uq' Tn nia kej;=ïmf<a isg f.k isákjd' mdif,a Wfoa /iaùfï

isg f.k bkakjd' fï wdÈ fndfyda wjia:dj, Tn ysg f.k bkakjd' Tn ;rul


Tn isg f.k isák bßhõj ksjerÈ

oehs Tng u mÍlaId lr .kak;a

mq¿jka' ir, mÍlaIKhla u.ska

wms th lr,d n,uq' Tn idudkH

mßÈ" ksi,j ysi iy fldkao

ì;a;shg úreoaOj ;nd f.k isg

.kak' bßhõj ksjerÈ kï fn,a,

iy msgqmi w;r b;d iSñ; ysveila

;sìh hq;= hs' th idudkHfhka w;l >klug iudk ùu jeo.;a' tu ysvei b;d

úYd, fyda l=vd kï Tfí bßhõj ksjerÈ keye'

jdã ù iy úfõlSj b|f.k isák úg wm mj;ajd .; hq;= ksjerÈ bßhjq fufia

ilia lr .ekSu jeo.;a'

Tn ojfia jeä fõ,djla mj;ajd f.k hk bßhõjla ;sfnkjd' ta ;uhs jdä ù

isàu' YsIHhl= jYfhka Tn mdif,a mka;s ldurfha §" Wmldrl mka;sfha § jf.a

u ksjfia mdvï lsÍfï §;a fï b| f.k isàfï bßhõj mj;ajd f.k hkjd' fï

bßhõj Tfí fld÷ weg fmf<a kSfrda.sNdjh i|yd b;d jeo.;a bßhõjla' Tn

ksjerÈ l%uhg jdã ú isáfhd;a Tfí fld÷ weg fm< ksishdldrj mj;ajd f.k

hdug mq¿jka' ta jf.a u ;uhs Tn jerÈ l%uhla wkq.ukh lf<d;a Tfí fldkao

m%foaYhg oeä ydkshla isÿ úh yels hs' oeka wms wjOdkh fhduq lruq ksjerÈ f,i

jdä jk wdldrh ms<sn|'

fï rEmh foi n,kak' Tfí

fn,a,;a msgqmi m%foaY;a Rcqj

;sîu b;d jeo.;a' ta jf.a u ;uhs

Tn jdã ù isák bßhõj ksjerÈ

kï Tfí ll=,a fol u fmdf<dfõ

iam¾Y úh hq;= hs'

ó<Õg Tfí wjOdkh yßyeá fhduq fkdjk fohla ms<sn|j Tn oekqj;a lrkakhs

uu iQodkï jkafka' wms ys;uq Tn fïihla iy mqgqjla ;nd f.k mdvï lrkjd

lshd' tys § Tfí b| .ekSfï bßhõj ksjerÈ ùug fïih iy mqgqj ;sfnk wdldrh;a

n,mdkjd' fïih iy mqgqj .e<fmk Wilska ;sîu wjYHhs' jvd Wia fïihla yd

mqgqjla jf.a u fïihg jvd fndfyda fihska Wia mqgqjl ys| .ekSu Tfí fld÷

jdä ù isák úg yd úfõlSj isák úg


weg fmf<ys fi!LH iïmkakNdjhg ydkslr fjkjd' ta jf.a u fïih;a mqgqj;a

tlsfklg <x ù ;sìh hq;= hs'

fïihg jvd fndfyda wE;ska mqgqj

;snqK fyd;a Tn fïihg lsÜgq

ù ,sùug hEfï § Tfí fldkao

Rcqj ;nd .; fkd yels hs' túg

fldkao jl% jkjd' fï ksid

mqgqj iy fïih .e<fmk ÿrlska

;sîu;a Tnf.a b| .ekSfï bßhõj

ksjerÈj mj;ajd .ekSug fya;=jla

fjhs'

Tn úfõlSj ys| f.k isàfï § iqj myiq mqgqjl jdä jkjd úh yels hs' Tn

ys| .kakd mqgqfõ iajNdjh;a Tfí fld÷ weg fmf<a fi!LHiïmkakNdjh mj;ajd

f.k hdug n,mEï lrk nj Tn okakjd o@

Tn úfõl .ekSug ys| .kakd

fndfyda mqgqj, ksis m%ñ;shla

keye' Tn ys| .kakd mqgqfõ

fldkaog iy msgqmig iudka;rj

;sfnk m%foaY wxYl wkQjla ùu

wksjd¾h hs' rEmigyk foi

neÆ úg Tng th jvd;a fyd¢ka

meyeÈ,s fõú'

mqgqj tfia wxYl wkQjg fkdue;s úg Tn wdOdrlhla fhdod wxYl wkQjla jk

mßÈ mqgqj ilia lr .; hq;= hs' Tn jdã ùfï § fï lreKq wkq.ukh l< fyd;a

Tfí fld÷ weg fm< wdndOhlg ,la ùfï wjodku wvq ùug th úYd, msgqn,hla

imhk nj u;l ;nd .kak'

ó<Õg Tn YsIHhl= jYfhka ks;r u lrk fohla" tfyu;a ke;akï Tng ks;r u

lsÍug isÿ ù we;s fohla ;uhs mdi,a nE.h /f.k hdu' nE.h /f.k hdu;a Tfí

fld÷ weg fmf<a fi!LHhg n,mdkjd' Tfí mdi,a nE.h l=uk wdldrfha tlla

o hkak fuys § b;d jeo.;a idOlhla fjkjd' wms n,uq Tfí nE.fha ksis m%ñ;sh

flfia o lshd'

.suka yßk úg


rEmfha oelafjk mßÈ m<,a"

uDÿ" l=Ika lrk ,o má iys;

nE.hla úh hq;= hs' ta jf.a u

Tfí YÍrfha m%udKhg .e<fmk

mßÈ tu máj, È. fjkia lsÍfï

yelshdjla ;sîu o wjYH hs'

Tn mdi,a nE.h /f.k hk úg Wrysia foflau oud f.k /f.k hkak' thska

Tfí fld÷ weg fm<g ydkshla isÿ fkd fõú' ta jf.au Tfí mdi,a nE.h msgg

iudka;rj ;sîu fi!LHdrlaIs; hs' ;j;a lreKla ;uhs Tfí nE.fha nr' fmd;am;a

iy wjYH øjH oeuQ úg Tfí nE.h nßka jeä úh yels hs' tjeks nE.hla /f.k

hdu lsis úfgl;a fkd l< hq;=hs' fuys § ks¾foaY lr we;af;a mdi,a nE.fha nr

YÍrfha nßka ishhg oyhlg jvd jeä fkd úh hq;= njhs'

Tn mdúÉÑhg .kakd ;j;a nE.a

j¾.hla ;uhs ;ks máh iys;

nE.h tjeks nE.hla /f.k

hkjd kï tu nE.h tla Wrysil

oud f.k hEu fyda tla w;lska

/f.k hEug jvd ks;r ks;r

me;s udre lsÍfuka Tfí YÍr

fi!LHh ksis f,i mj;ajd f.k

hd yels fõú' Tn mdi,a nE.hla /f.k hk úg ks;r u fï lreKq flfrys

wjOdkh fhduq lsÍug wu;l lrkak tmd'

Tng hï wjYH;d fjkqfjka úYd, NdKav tyd fuyd lsÍug" tfia;a ke;s kï

udre lsÍug isÿ jk wjia:d fhfokq

we;s' úfYaIfhka u by<ska ;sfnk

fohla .kakd úg Tn fï wdldrhg

lghq;= lsÍug mqreÿ jkak'

fld÷ weg fm<g ydkshla fkd

jk wdldrhg úYd, NdKav tyd

fuyd lsÍu$udre lsÍu lrkafka

fufyu hs' rEmh Èyd n,kak'

by< ;sfnk fohla .ekSfï §


me;,s u;=msgla iys; wdOdrlhla fhdod .kak' muK blaujd w;a wefok bßhõj,ska

j<lskak'

my<ska ;sfnk fohla .ekSfï

§ uq,ska u oKysia kjd .kak'

tfia;a ke;s kï wek ;nd .kak'

NdKavh .ekSug YÍrh kjkak

tmd'

úYd, foaj,a f.k hk úg

l=vd fldgia jYfhka fjka lr

f.k hkak' úYd, foaj,a tla jr

tl u fj,djl /f.k hkak

tmd' ta jf.a u nßka jeä foaj,a

w;a foflka u /f.k hkak'

NdKav nßka jeä kï ieu

úg u ;j flkl=f.a iydh ,nd

.kak' úYd," nßka jeä fohla

f.k hEfï § Tng m%fhdackhg

.; yels fohla ;uhs fg%d,sh'

tjeks wjia:dj, § fg%d,sh Ndú;

lrkak'

úYd, foaj,a f.k hEfï §

my<ska ;sfnk fohla .ekSfï §


ìu ;sfnk NdKavhla ksjerÈj

Tijkafka fufyu hs' uq,ska

u oKysi kjd f.k wek ;nd

.kak' fldkao fl<ska ;nd .kak

wu;l lrkak tmd' Tfí isrer

NdKavhg iómj ;sfnk mßÈ

;nd .ksñka l<jd fmaYS Wmfhda.s

lr .ksñka NdKavh Tijkak'

wm fuf;la idlÉPd l< foaj,a idrdxY.; lf<d;a fï foaYkh u.ska m%Odk

jYfhka wjOdkh fhduq lf<a Tfí YÍrfha bßhjq ksjerÈj mj;ajd .ekSu iy ta

wkqj fi!LHiïmkak$kSfrda.S fld÷ weg fm<la mj;ajd .ekSu iïnkaOfhkq hs'

tys § isg f.k isák úg" weúÈk úg" jdä ù isák úg" úfõlSj isák úg" Tfí

mdi,a nE.h /f.k hk úg iy úYd, NdKav tyd fuyd lsÍfï § bßhjq ksjerÈj

mj;ajd .kakd wdldrh ms<sn|j Tn oekqj;a l<d' ta jf.a u jHdhduj, ksr; ùu

iy iun, wdydr fõ,la .ekSu Tfí fld÷ weg fmf<a fi!LHiïmkakNdjh

mj;ajd .ekSug b;d u jeo.;a fjkjd'

b;ska wdorŒh ÿfõ" mqf;a Tfí Ôú;h jvd;a kSfrda.s lr .ekSug fï lreKq odhl

lr .kakd f,i uu fhdackd lrkjd'

ia;=;shs'

ìu ;sfnk fohla Tijk úg

ìu ;sfnk fohla Tijk úg


wjfndaOh

1' foaYlhd i|yka lrk wdldrhg ñksia YÍrfha m%Odk;u wdOdrlh l=ula

o@

2' bßhjq ksjerÈj mj;ajd .ekSfï jeo.;alï fudkjd o@

3' mdi,a nE.h /f.k hEfï § ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= lreKq kï lrkak'

4' Tn jdä jk mqgqj l=uk wdldrfha tlla úh hq;= o@

5' úYd, NdKav tyd fuyd lsÍfï § wkq.ukh l< hq;= ksjerÈ bßhjq lsysmhla

kï lrkak'

m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' fï foaYkfhys wka;¾.; f;dr;=re m%dfhda.slj wkq.ukh lrk wdldrh

meyeÈ,s lrkak'

2 .=re;=ñh$;=udf.a Wmfoia mßÈ m%foaYfha mjq,a fi!LH ks,Odßksh

mj;ajk fi!LH foaYkhlg ijka § tys jeo.;a f;dr;=re we;=<;a lrñka

w;am;s%ldjla ks¾udKh lrkak'

3' ta foaYkhg ijka §fuka Tn w¨;ska oek .;a lreKq fudkjd o@

4' f;dard .;a úIh lafIa;%j,g wod<j foaYkj,g ijka § tu.ska lshjqKq

jeo.;a lreKq fjka fjka jYfhka i|yka lrkak'


wmg úúO wjia:dj, § úúO wdldrfha l;d meje;aùug isÿfjhs' mdif,a Woh

/iaùfï §" iñ;s iNdfõ §" oyï mdif,a §" W;aijj, § Tng fï ld¾hh bgq lsÍug

kshu jkq we;' Woh /iaùu" iñ;s iNd jdrh fyda lÓl ;r.j, § hï ud;Dldjlg

wkqj l;d lsÍug isÿ fjhs' fuys § Tfí wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;= lafIa;% lsysmhls'

^w& fok ,o ud;Dldjg wkql+, ùu

^wd& uq," ueo" w. ukd f,i .e<mSu

^we& meyeÈ,sj woyia m%ldY lsÍu

^wE& ksjerÈ wx. p,k Ndú;h

^b& y`v md,kh

fufia ixúOdkh jQ l;djla b;d fyd| Y%djl m%;spdr ,nhs'

tÈfkod lghq;= lsÍfï § wms úúO ,sms ,shuq' wfma {d;Skag yd ys;j;=kag fm!oa.,sl

f;dr;=re okajñka ,shkq ,nk ,sms fm!oa.,sl ,sms f,i ye¢kafõ' tfuka u

wdh;khl fiajh lrk úg" rdcldß lghq;= i|yd muKla fkd j iñ;shl fyda

ixúOdkhl ks,Odßhl= f,i YsIHhl=" .ïjeishl=" rgjeishl= f,i úúO

wdh;kj,ska ;udg fiajh ,nd .ekSug;a ;u .eg¨ úi|d .ekSug;a hï hï

fhdackd bÈßm;a lsÍug;a ,sms ,sùug isÿ fjhs' tfia ,shkq ,nk ,sms rdcldß ,sms

f,i ye¢kafjhs' rdcldß ,sms ,sùu ms<sn| 7 fYa%‚fha § W.;a lreKqj,g wu;rj

;j ÿrg;a f;dr;=re fuys § bÈßm;a flf¾'

ud;Dldkql+, l;d²

rdcldß ,sms²


rdcldß ,smshl uQ,sldx.

fm!oa.,sl ,smshl § hjkakdf.a ku iy ;k;=r we;=<;a fkdjk w;r hjkakdf.a

,smskh muKla we;=<;a fõ'

Èkh iy wduka;%Kh idudkH mßÈ wka;¾.; fjhs'

fï ,smsj, § ,nkakdf.a ,smskh iy ;k;=r wjYH fkd fõ'

rdcldß ,smsfha fhfok ud;Dldj fjkqjg fm!oa.,sl ,smsfha § ,smsh ,nkakdg

flfrk wdYS¾jdoh we;=<;a fõ'

wk;=rej ,smsfha wka;¾.;h hs'

wjidkfha § ia;=;s lsÍu wjYH fkdjk w;r ,smsh ,nkakdg Y=N m%d¾:kd flf¾'

rdcldß ,smshla ,sùfï § ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= m%Odk lreKq

lshjkakdg fyd¢ka wjfndaO jk f,i meyeÈ,sj lreKq bÈßm;a l< hq;= h'

tla m%Odk lreKla i|yd tla fþohla fjka l< hq;=h'

túg ,smsfha meyeÈ,s nj yd úêu;a nj wdrlaId fjhs'

,smsh u.ska úúO lreKq bÈßm;a lsÍug wjYH kï wxl hgf;a lreKq

bÈßm;a lsÍu jvd;a iqÿiq h' lshjkakdg f;dr;=re meyeÈ,s yd ksrjq,a f,i .%yKh

lr .ekSug th fya;=jla jkq we;'

.eg¨jlg úi÷ula ,nd .ekSug ,smshla ,shkafka kï ta .eg¨fõ b;sydih"

.eg¨j úi|d .ekSug f.k we;s mshjr" tys j¾;udk ;;a;ajh" .eg¨j úi£u

i|yd .; hq;= mshjr hk lreKq we;=<;a ùu wksjd¾h fõ' túg wod< wdh;khg ta

fjkqfjka ls%hd;aul ùu jvd myiq fjhs'

hjkakdf.a ku" ;k;=r" ,smskh" ¥rl:k wxlh yd Èkh

,nkakdf.a ;k;=r yd ,smskh

wduka;%Kh

ud;Dldj

wod< lreKq$wka;¾.;h

wmg úúO wjia:dj, § úúO wdldrfha l;d meje;aùug isÿfjhs' mdif,a Woh

/iaùfï §" iñ;s iNdfõ §" oyï mdif,a §" W;aijj, § Tng fï ld¾hh bgq lsÍug

kshu jkq we;' Woh /iaùu" iñ;s iNd jdrh fyda lÓl ;r.j, § hï ud;Dldjlg

wkqj l;d lsÍug isÿ fjhs' fuys § Tfí wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;= lafIa;% lsysmhls'

^w& fok ,o ud;Dldjg wkql+, ùu

^wd& uq," ueo" w. ukd f,i .e<mSu

^we& meyeÈ,sj woyia m%ldY lsÍu

^wE& ksjerÈ wx. p,k Ndú;h

^b& y`v md,kh

fufia ixúOdkh jQ l;djla b;d fyd| Y%djl m%;spdr ,nhs'

tÈfkod lghq;= lsÍfï § wms úúO ,sms ,shuq' wfma {d;Skag yd ys;j;=kag fm!oa.,sl

f;dr;=re okajñka ,shkq ,nk ,sms fm!oa.,sl ,sms f,i ye¢kafõ' tfuka u

wdh;khl fiajh lrk úg" rdcldß lghq;= i|yd muKla fkd j iñ;shl fyda

ixúOdkhl ks,Odßhl= f,i YsIHhl=" .ïjeishl=" rgjeishl= f,i úúO

wdh;kj,ska ;udg fiajh ,nd .ekSug;a ;u .eg¨ úi|d .ekSug;a hï hï

fhdackd bÈßm;a lsÍug;a ,sms ,sùug isÿ fjhs' tfia ,shkq ,nk ,sms rdcldß ,sms

f,i ye¢kafjhs' rdcldß ,sms ,sùu ms<sn| 7 fYa%‚fha § W.;a lreKqj,g wu;rj

;j ÿrg;a f;dr;=re fuys § bÈßm;a flf¾'

ud;Dldkql+, l;d²

rdcldß ,sms²


rdcldß ,smshl wdlD;sl ,laIK

rdcldß ,sms ,sùug m%Odk wdlD;s folla Ndú; l< yels h'

1' idïm%odhsl wdlD;sh

2' mß.Kl wdY%fhka ,sms ,sùfï wdlD;sh

1' idïm%odhsl wdlD;sh

fuys we;s m%Odk u fjki kï ol=Kq mi by< fldgiska ,smsh wdrïN lr ol=Kq

mi my<ska wjika lsÍuhs'

hjkakdf.a ku iy ,smskh

Èkh

,nkakdf.a ku ^ks, kduh&

,smskh

ud;Dldj

,smsfha wka;¾.;h

ia;=;sh

w;aik

;k;=rla ;sfí kï th

ku

2' mß.Kl wdY%fhka rdcldß ,sms ,sùfï wdlD;sh

fujeks ,smsj, idïm%odhsl ,smsj,g jvd wdlD;sluh jYfhka fjkila oelsh

yels h'

² fï ,sms ish,a, u wdrïN flfrkafka jï misks'

² fþo fjka lsÍfï § fþoh jï mi fl<jßka wdrïN flf¾'

² ,smsh wjidkfha w;aik fhdokqfha o jï misks'

1' hjkakdf.a ,smskh 6' wka;¾.;h

2' Èkh 7' ia;=;sh

3' ,nkakdf.a ,smskh 8' w;aik

4' wduka;%Kh

5' ud;Dldj


hjkakdf.a ku iy

,smskh

Èkh

,nkakdf.a ;k;=r yd ,smskh

ud;Dldj

wka;¾.;h

ia;=;sh

hjkakdf.a w;aik

ku

;k;=r

m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' mdif,a tla iñ;s iNd jdrhla f;dard .kak' .=re;=ñh ,nd fok ud;Dldj,ska

tlla f;dard f.k tla isiqjl= úkdä ;=kl ld,hla i|yd l;djla lrkak'

2' Tn mdif,a m%Odk YsIH kdhlhd$kdhsldj f,i is;d" mdi, bÈßmsg ud¾.fha

mdi, wdrïN jk fõ,djg iy wjika flfrk fõ,djg we;s jk ud¾.

;onoh wvq lr .ekSu i|yd fmd,sia r:jdyk wxYfha kshduljrhl=f.a iydh

b,a,ñka úÿy,am;s;=ud u.ska m%foaYfha fmd,sia ia:dkdêm;s;=udg hjk

rdcldß ,smsh ,shkak'

3' Tn .fï <ud iudcfha f,alï hehs is;d tu.ska isÿ flfrk fvx.= u¾ok

jHdmdrhg iu.dój .ïjdiSka oekqj;a lsÍfï foaYkhla meje;aùug wdrdOkd

lrñka m%foaYfha frdayf,a ffjµ wêldß;=ud fj; hjk rdcldß ,smsh

,shkak'

4' by; i|yka fvx.= u¾ok jHdmdrh isÿ l< wdldrh úia;r lrñka fjk;a

m<d;l isák Tfí ñ;=rl=g hefjk ,smsh ,shkak'

5' mß.Kl wdY%fhka ,shjqKq rdcldß ,sms lsysmhla fidhd tajdfha iudk

wiudk;d mÍlaId lrkak'

Documents

1 t;kydñ - Educational Publications Department G-8 S...fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h ' PB 1 t;kydñ ck l;dj yd ck lúh hkq ,shd ;eîulska f;drj mrïmrdfjka mrïmrdjg f.k tafuka ckhd