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Thinking About Change
Transforming insights, data and requirements into tangible products, services and experiences that create real value for a consumer or user and create a positive impact on the organization.
“Design” involves the people who need something and the people who can make stuff.
Designv.
is evolving and there are many views……………..Design thinking?
“Design skills and business skills are converging. To be successful in the future, business people will have to become more like designers …more 'masters of heuristics' than 'managers of algorithms.”
Roger Martin, Dean of Rotman School of Business, Author of The Design of Business
“…design thinking (or whatever we wind up calling this new field) is being created at the borders of design, business, engineering and even marketing.”
Bruce Nussbaum, Business Week
“It is about understanding culture and context before we even start on ideas.”
Tim Brown, IDEO
“Part of my job is to move [a good idea] around, just see what different people think, get people talking about it, argue with people about it, get ideas moving among that group of 100 people … get different people together to explore different aspects of it …”
Steve Jobs, ApplePhoto: whatcounts
“So why collaboration now?.... on the one hand, problems, opportunities, and the environments in which they appear are becoming more complex, on the other hand, to survive this explosion of complexity, people cultivate specialties…. The age of complexity confronts the era of specialization.”
Michael Schrage, No More Teams! Mastering the Dynamics of Creative Collaboration
“Design mindfulness is a cultural imperative… it’s a habit of highly successful design-driven companies.”
Tom Peters, Design
More recently, design thinking has gained attention in business as a possible new and improved way to increase the speed and impact of innovation initiatives
it’s the domain of creative people
Images courtesy of IDEO
Creative people, in creative spaces, doing creative things
it’s an innovation discipline
Doblin’s Innovation Discipline Model 2006
The right mix of process and activities “to do things differently and do different things”
and a mental stance.
It’s how a team thinks and works
It’s guided with deep understanding
It’s driven by modes of thinking
It’s enabled with diversity
It’s an emergent thinking style
It’s success requires commitment, collaboration as well as a willingness to experiment and assume risk
Design thinking has many attributes
CollaborativeInclusiveHolisticCreativeInsightfulProvocativeIterativeNon-linearFastInnovativeCustomer-centeredOutcome-oriented
Design thinking is less about the steps…
Process helps make order out of chaos, but design thinking is more dynamic than any step-wise approach
Research Insights Frameworks ConceptsOpportunities Solutions
and more about different modes of thinking
abstract
concrete
to maketo know
AnalysisWhat does it mean?
ImmersionWhat is the landscape?
SynthesisWhat could we/ would we /should we do?
ActionHow should we do it?
Adapted from Vijay Kumar on “Innovation Planning” Presented at 2003 HITS Conference
abstract
concrete
to maketo know
Insights
Frameworks
Opportunities
Prototypes
SolutionsResearch
Adapted from Vijay Kumar on “Innovation Planning” Presented at 2003 HITS Conference
and the places where they are needed.
Concepts
Ideas
some call it
360°Thinking
abstract
concrete
AnalysisWhat does it mean?
ImmersionWhat is the landscape?
to know
Adapted from Vijay Kumar on “Innovation Planning” Presented at 2003 HITS Conference
it strives to understand the current situation
This image of a simple chalk message scribed on a sidewalk outside an un-employment office inspires us to think of high impact, low cost and environmentally friendly ways to bring important messages to the people who need it most.
and create passion around insight
it seeks to find meaning
Know, Feel + Dream
Do, Use
Say, Think Explicit
Tacit and Latent
Observable
Un
-co
ns
cio
us
Co
ns
cio
us
Traditional research approaches are often blunt tools for examining human behavior.
Why does a couple go out to dinner and a movie one night … and then eat popcorn and watch a DVD at home the next night?
it seeks to uncover actual behavior
When you understand the experience,you can own it
When you understand the experience,then you can own it.
abstract
concrete
to maketo know
SynthesisWhat could we/ would we/ should we do?
Adapted from Vijay Kumar on “Innovation Planning” Presented at 2003 HITS Conference
to frame new problems, create new stories
The process is comprised of two parts; the cycle and the context. The context is the situation that informs the cycle. Users bring an understanding of standards , modes and places to each moment of the cycle.
Most will change their choice of places and modes when their standards change.
Standards
ActivitiesEnvironments
Event
Setting Goals
Decision
Monitoring Evaluation
Design thinking visualizes complex information in a way that can inspire new thought
bring complex information to life
abstract
concrete
to know
ActionHow should we do it?
Adapted from Vijay Kumar on “Innovation Planning” Presented at 2003 HITS Conference
then drive new solutions.
to make
Adapted from Vijay Kumar on “Innovation Planning” Presented at 2003 HITS Conference
Design thinking is inclusive Providing roles for different personal preferences
abstract
concrete
to maketo know
“IMPLEMENTOR”
“IDEATOR”
“DEVELOPER”“CLARIFIER”
“RESEARCHER”
Deep involvement on the part of a team is a key factor in the successful transition of knowledge and insights into concepts and solutions
AnalysisWhat does it mean?
ImmersionWhat is the landscape?
Adapted from Vijay Kumar on “Innovation Planning” Presented at 2003 HITS Conference
SynthesisWhat could we/ would we /should we do?
ActionHow should we do it?
It’s a dynamic and emergent process that often seeks opportunity by entering through the end users world to craft and shape, problems, opportunities, strategies, ideas and solutions
Design thinking is emergent
The team that is involved in the act of creation is more likely to implement it
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Design thinking…Seeks to bring creativity and informed intuition back into management practice
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Analytical thinking Intuitive thinking
Design thinking
“to create better business leaders”Roger Martin,
Dean of Rotman School of Business
Design thinking…Seeks to moderate many roles
“If I had asked people what they wanted, they would have said faster horses."
Henry Ford
Photo: Whitby Archives
one for the innovator
Photo: Whitby Archives
“Why do you want a faster horse?”
“So I can get to the store in less time.”
“Why do you want to get to the store in less time?”
“So I can get more work done at the farm.”
“Why do you want to get more work done on the farm?”
“So I can have more time to spend with…
and one for the end user
If someone had explored the end user there may have been many opportunities to see
Photo: whatcounts
one for technology
Photo: Alaska-in-Pictures.com
and one for human desire
one for business and one for society
one for us and one for our future.
Photo: China-pix
Design thinking…Questions orthodoxies
What is tangible? What is intangible? What is the “product”?
“The bottle is just the visible tip of a much deeper system of drug delivery.”
Brandon Schauer, Adaptive Path
Design thinking creates new and unexpected ways to solve problems….
“A home owner and avid do-it-yourselfer was observed trying to use both hands to do a repair task. He stuck the flashlight under his collar to free up his hands.”
This observation inspired the Black & Decker design team to think about the idea of wearing a flashlight.
Design thinking works with many principlesvisualize to collaborate build to think prototype to learn
“Prototypes are the essential medium for information, interaction, integration, and collaboration.” Michael Schrage
The faster you put your ideas into the world the faster you learn about their strengths and weaknesses
Design thinking embraces many collaborative “technologies”
Prototyping utilizes story telling, improvisation, sketches, models, illustrations, storyboarding, videos, environments, and animations. They all have a role in conveying the intent, the potential, and the emotional experience of an idea.
Image courtesy of Second City Innovation
Design thinking creates change.Created an entirely new “hands-free” lighting category
Transformed Black & Decker from marginal player to the category leader in lighting
Highest profitability return in history of the Black & Decker houseware’s business
The most successful new product launch in Black & Decker’s History
Garnered a dozen industry honors. Permanent collection of the Cooper-Hewitt
IDEO selected the SnakeLight as one of 25 items from the Cooper-Hewitt permanent collection that best represents “Design-Thinking”
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Sources: Adapted from models created by Doblin & Eames
Innovation can be found at the intersection of an evolving need and a technology
User + SocietyShould we?
TechnologyCould we?
Embracing design thinking will help identify and create an attractive opportunity, but it is the organization’s ability to deliver that ensures innovation will get implemented.
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Sources: Adapted from models created by Doblin & Eames
User + SocietyShould we?
CapabilityCould we?
innovation is moderated by the ability of the organization to deliver it.
Would we?Organization
The biggest obstacle to change is not your competition, it’s the way you currently do things.
Vision + Mission
Leadership
Communication
Behavior
Willingness
Competencies
Work processes
Legacy systems
Barriers or drivers of change?
One often over-looked success factor is the even distribution of commitment around innovation among all stakeholders in an organization
“Is your entire organization really on board? When you make breakfast, do you know what the difference is between the chicken and the pig?”
Watts Wacker
‘The 500 Year Delta: What Happens After What Comes Next ’
Everyone has a role in change.They all need to have “skin in the game”.
level
challenge
Line workers
Project Management
Middle Management
Senior Management
In times of rapid and profound change we need new choices because existing systems are rapidly becoming obsolete.
Why change?
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The data-driven revolution has made business more reliable, but it has also driven courage and intuition out of management.
Bridging design thinking with management science will create better leadership.
Why design thinking?
How can design thinking help business?Design thinking can help prepare the conditions for innovation to occur and help enable innovation to make it to market.
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Shared commitment through collaboration
Deep meaning through empathic research
Deeply felt insight through visualization
Unexpected opportunities by asking new questions
Powerful new ideas through the use of intuition
Fast thinking and learning through prototyping
How can design help create change?
IMHODesign thinking is a dialogue that needs to be painted across a broad canvas within the consultant and client relationship. In other words, design thinking is an innovation practice that can be understood and embraced by everyone involved in helping to prepare the conditions for innovation to happen as well as in helping to bring innovation to market.
Any attempt to drive innovation with design needs to acknowledge that there are many factors within the client organization that can affect the ability to deliver innovation.
Bibliography
We have incorporated the best thinking and practices that have been developed over the years by practitioners and academics associated with product development management, creative problem solving, and design research and planning. We would like to give special credit to the following sources for this presentation:
The Product Development Management Association the PDMA body of knowledge
The Doblin Group
IDEO
Vijay Kumar, Associate Professor | Institute of Design, Illinois Institute of Technology.
Matt Benson Founder of PD3 and an Innovation Focus faculty partner
The Second City Innovation an innovation partner of Innovation Focus Inc.
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DESIGN
If you would like to discuss a design-driven innovation program
Bryan deBlois, Director Discovery & DevelopmentInnovation Focus Inc.
717.394 2500 Ext 35
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