1 The West: Miners, Ranchers, Farmers, and Native Americans,
1865-1914 Chapter 5 Slide 2 2 The Plains Indians The Great Plains:
region between Mississippi River and Rocky Mountains. Spanish
introduction of horses in the 1600s changed way of life for Indian
nations Plains region: area reserved for Indians in the early 1834
There was great diversity in the region, although most tribes
relied upon the buffalo Slide 3
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iJ4T9CQA0UM Slide 4 Family Life
Lived in small tribes Moved around (nomadic) Men hunted, dealt with
horses, played games and relaxed Women did everything else
Religions Polytheistic Powerful spirits controlled events in
natural world Slide 5 Thars gold in them there hills! 1848 Sutters
Mill, CA 1858 Colorado 1874 Black Hills of South Dakota 1850s
Government rescinded on the Great Plains as area reserved for
Indians and started placing them in specific locations across west
Manifest Destiny at its finest! 5 Slide 6 Clashes on the Prairie
Settlers Cattle industry Miners Railroad Indians placed on
reservations across west Treaties defined specific boundaries for
each tribe Indians continued to hunt on their traditional lands
Slide 7 7 Sand Creek Massacre, November 29, 1864 *Cheyenne return
to Colorados Sand Creek Reservation for winter *Colonel Chivington
ordered an attack on the camp. His troops murdered men, women,
children, and the elderly killing over 150 Cheyenne. Slide 8 Treaty
of Fort Laramie Bozeman Trail Trail that ran through Sioux hunting
grounds in the Bighorn Mountains Sioux attack troops and settlers
1868 - Treaty said Sioux would agree to live on reservation along
the Missouri River Sitting Bull never signed it Slide 9 9 Battle of
Little Bighorn, 1876 Thousands of miners head to Black Hills of
Montana in search for gold The Lakota Sioux chiefs Sitting Bull and
Crazy Horse attack settlers. Sitting Bull has vision Colonel George
A. Custer and 250 of his soldiers were attacked on June 25 at the
Little Bighorn River. Custer and his men were all killed in what is
known as Custers Last Stand. Custer Crazy Horse Slide 10 10 Slide
11 11 Dawes Act of 1887 Assimilation plan under which Indians would
give up their beliefs and way of life and become a part of white
culture Wanted to end traditional Native American way of life 160
acres given to head of households Senator Henry L. Dawes Slide 12
12 Several attempts were made to assimilate Indians into the
American way of life during the mid-1800s. Indian school, Pine
Ridge, SD Slide 13 13 Schools opened across the nation and were
used to strip Native Americans of their traditional culture.
Curriculum focused on manual labor skills. School at Pima
reservation, AZ Making tin utensils at Carlisle, PA Cantonment, OK
Art class at Carlisle, PA Slide 14 14 Wounded Knee Massacre Winter,
1890 Army troops followed the Indians to the Wounded Knee Creek. As
the Lakota prepared to turn over their weapons, a shot was fired.
Army troops shot and killed nearly 300 men, women, children and the
elderly. last major violent clash between government and Native
Americans. Slide 15 End of Buffalo Shot for sport Shot because they
got in the way of the railroad Used bones for ash 1800 65,000 000
roamed the plains 1890 1000 remained 1900 wild herd sheltered at
Yellowstone https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZkDqzpNsg6U Slide 16 16
Growth of the cattle industry As the population of the U.S.
increased, a greater demand for meat led to growth in the cattle
industry. Huge profits could be made if the cattle could be driven
overland to be transported to the east. Slide 17 17 Cowboys Diverse
group of men including Americans, Mexicans, African Americans,
Native Americans, as well as various European immigrants Extremely
demanding job, often requiring 18 hours a day in the saddle, harsh
weather conditions, loneliness, low pay, and possibility of
stampede or death by dragging or disease Cowboys earned
approximately $570 a month in 2006 dollars Slide 18 18 Cattle
drives In order to get live cows to the east, ranchers needed to
move them to the railroad. Major trails were blazed between grazing
land and cow towns. Chisholm Trail: San Antonio to Abilene, KS
Slide 19 19 Decline of the Cattle Kingdom In the mid-1880s, the
cattle ranching business was devastated by several factors,
including: Overexpansion Lowered prices due to overproduction
Battles over land usage with farmers who used barbed wire Bad
weather Cattle diseases Slide 20 20 Winter of 1887-1888 One of
coldest recorded winters on the Great Plains. In Lincoln, NE, for
example, 36 days of the winter were 0 or below. Thousands of cattle
died as a result of the freezing temperatures as well as starvation
from lack of food. This effectively ended the Cattle Kingdom. Slide
21 Farmers and the Populist Problems: U.S. issues greenbacks during
Civil War Worth less than coins or yellow money farmers paying back
loans with money that has a higher value than the money they
borrowed o Railroads have no competition charged farmers inflated
prices to ship and store goods Reform Movement begins: GRANGE :
est. by Oliver Hudson Kelley in 1867 fight railroads, organized
co-ops, sponsored state legislation gave rise to other farm
alliances in West and South 4 million members strong Slide 22
Populism-1892 Populist Party 1 st reform movement Movement of the
people-give people a greater voice Gives country a third party
Supported bi-metallism and free coinage of silver William Jennings
Bryan Becomes candidate of Populist Party Ran for president in 1896
Loses to Republican William McKinley Slide 23 Populisms two lasting
legacies Downtrodden could organize and have a strong political
impact Create and utilize an agenda of reforms
