Upload
amice-brown
View
216
Download
1
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
1
The NationalAids to
NavigationTeam presents
ATONDISCREPANC
YREVIEW
Presentation Presentation ObjectivesObjectives
To acquire a general knowledge of the responsibilities of the Auxiliary for performing discrepancies and verification checks.
To review the three categories of ATON discrepancies.
To help you recognize a discrepancy on an aid to navigation.
Discrepancy Discrepancy CategoriesCategories
CriticalCritical UrgentUrgent RoutineRoutine
Definition of CriticalDefinition of Critical
This term is used for those
discrepancies where failure
to report by the most
expeditious means may
result in loss of life or
damage to a vessel.
Critical DiscrepanciesCritical Discrepancies
a. Aid totally covered or shrouded in ice.
b. Light signal showing improper characteristics or rhythm.
c. Light signal obscured or extinguished.
d. Sinking or submerged buoy.
e. Buoy off station, adrift, missing, capsized or stranded.
f. Radio beacon off the air or giving improper characteristics.
g. Vandalism of aids.
h. Aids damaged by vessel collision.
i. Collapsed bridge structures.
j. RACON not operating.
k. Lantern damaged
If a Federal Aid or a PATON is listed in the
Light List (Class II), report at once to the C.G. ANT by
the most expeditious means.
Definition of UrgentDefinition of UrgentThis term is used forthose discrepancieswhere failure to reportwill result in no danger of loss of life or vesseldamage, but maycontribute to a groundingor a stranding.
Urgent DiscrepanciesUrgent Discrepanciesa. Daymark(s) missing
or damaged by causes other than vandalism.
b. Sound signal failure.Bell, Gong, Horn, etc.
c. Radio beacon timing sequence incorrect.
d. Light burning dim or showing reduced intensity.
e. Lights partly or totally obscured by dayboards.
f. Bridge light outages.
g. Inoperative draw on swing, lift or retractable bridges.
If a Federal Aid or a PATON is listed in the
Light List (Class II), report at once to the C.G. ANT by
the most expeditious means.
Definition of RoutineDefinition of Routine
Term is used for those
discrepancies where failure to
report will result in very low
likelihood of grounding or
stranding, but corrective
maintenance is necessary.
Routine DiscrepanciesRoutine Discrepancies a. Aid obscured by
foliage or other objects that need to be removed.
b. Faded daymarks, located on floating aids or fixed on a shore site.
c. Extensive bird fowling obscure the purpose of aid.
d. Delaminating of dayboards.
e. Dayboards missing.
f. Improper dayboards per reference to the Light List.
g. Extensive deterioration or rotting of supports.
h. Aid structures leaning more than 15 degrees.
And there’s more. . .
Routine DiscrepanciesRoutine Discrepancies
i. Vent valve is missing.
j. A bird nest on the aid is obstructing the light or panels.
k. Retroreflective material is peeling, missing or not adequate.
l. Numbers on aid are obliterated or not easily read or identified.
m.Peeling paint is interfering with the ability to see the aid or recognize its proper color.
n. Whistle, tapper, or bell is missing.
Forward to the C.G. UNIT through your
Auxiliary Unit Coordinator by mail.
AID
DEFECTS
Lantern Lantern GuardRing
RadarReflectors
Tower Braces
Tower LegsBattery Pockets
Lifting Padeye
Buoy Body
Mooring PadeyeGussets
Chafe BlockBuoy Tube
Counterweight
Buoy Top Head
Bottom Head
Counterweight Seat
MORE
ISSUES
Battery Pockets Battery Pockets:
Hollow watertight tubes built into the buoy body that hold the batteries.
Not a concern when the new LED light fixtures are used.
The reason for the venting system on Lighted Buoys
The batteries used in lighted buoys require a continuous means of airflow.
Primary batteries require oxygen from the air to operate.
While secondary (solar) batteries must vent flammable hydrogen gasses.
Vent System Vent Valve
Vent Line
Cross OverTube
Vent Valve
Reducer
Valve Body
Upper ValveBall
Lower Valve Ball
Designed to seal when the buoy heels over 30 degrees or is submerged.
Battery Box
There are single and double battery boxes.
A vent valve must be installed.
Box may be painted the color of the buoy.
Sound Systems
There are three main types of wave actuated sound signals:
WhistleBell
Gong
Whistle Whistle is made
of cast bronze and is mounted inside the cage.
As air is forced through the whistle, the familiar drone sound is made.
BELLS Bells used on
lighted and unlighted buoys and are made of a copper-silicon alloy.
External tappers impact the fixed bell when wave motion causes the buoy to roll.
1975 Type Tapper
This type tapper is a modification of the 1962 type. The tapper balls come in various sizes and have been designed to minimize vibration. (Standard)
LED LANTERN
(Light Emitting Diode)
25
Introduction MFG by Carmanah of Canada. Approved as a replacement for the 155
mm. Used with a 5NFR/5CFR to replace old
style TRLB. Cost $749.00. Programmable flash rhythm (TV
remote).
26
Model 701 Self-powered. Omni-directional. Single Unit-Solar
panels, flasher, battery, DLC and lantern housed together.
3 mile range.
27
Model 701 Available in RED,
GREEN, YELLOW, and WHITE.
Programmable flash characteristic.
FIXED characteristic has 2 mile range.
28
Model 702 Larger battery. More Solar Panels. Designed for use in
limited sunlight. Same features as
701.
29
Model 702-5 Same as 702. Extra solar panel on
top. Designed for
extremely limited sunlight (less than 1.5 hrs a day).
30
Model 601
Not approved for use by USCG.
2 NM range. Self-contained. May be used on
private aids. Small, lightweight,
easy to install,inexpensive.
31
Charging (700 series) Charged prior to shipment. MUST be recharged if not installed
within 2 months of receipt. Charge by placing in direct sunlight for
60 hours. 60 hours does not include nighttime.
32
Charging With External Charger
Cell Phone type charger available from mfg.
Open Lantern, disconnect battery and SP.
Measure battery voltage. Plug charger into battery and charge in
accordance with battery voltage. DO NOT OVERCHARGE.
33
Charging (con’t) 701 Lantern
(15 ahs) 4.14 volts- 5 hours 3.98-4.14 volts- 15 hrs 3.86 or less- 20 hrs
702 & 702-5
( 24 ahs) 7 hours 18 hours 27 hours
34
Programming Lantern color determined by colored dot near
serial number. Any flash characteristic can be programmed
using a Universal TV remote control. Security code must be entered to prevent
accidentally changing characteristic. Follow instructions supplied with lantern.
35
Installation Install with three bolts similar to a 155. Use leveling bolts on a structure. Bolts can obstruct solar panels, make
sure they protrude only as much as necessary.
Install nylon insulating spacer on buoys to minimize corrosion.
36
Service Life LED lanterns do not burn out. Light output degrades over time. Replace lanterns according to Duty
Cycle. 10-29% duty cycle replace every 12 yrs. 30-100% replace every 8 years. Replace battery every 4 years.
37
Servicing Service according to standard interval
cycle established for the aid. Clean lens with mild soap and water. Cover lantern with shroud and time
flash characteristic. Observe LEDs through lens. Replace optic if Dark Sectors are
observed.
Coast Guard
servicing an Aid
Maneuvering into position near the aid.
Pulling the buoy.
Placing the buoy on deck.
43
?
Servicing the harness.
Inspecting the chain and anchor
Servicing the lantern.
Faking out the chain in preparation to resetting the buoy.
Aid is put back on station
Small Lights Small Lights and Daymarksand Daymarks
Don’t
get
too
close
to this
ATON!
Stay
in the
channel.
Check after storms.
Panels are designed to
break away so that high winds or
waves will not destroy the
support pile.
Single Pile Structure Used in protected or
semi-exposed locations where fixity can be attained.
2
Multiple Pile Structures Used when fixity can not be
achieved with single pile. Two categories:
Dolphin
Platform Structure
Dolphin
Battered pileThree to seven piles driven at an angle with the bottoms spread and the tops secured with wire rope or bolts and shear connectors.
13
Dolphin
Cluster pile Three or more piles
driven vertically with their surfaces in contact with each other and wrapped tightly at various heights.
1
55
#7, a small light, off Castle Island in Boston Harbor.
Platform Structure Three or more separate
piles driven vertically, connected at the top by a platform that spreads the load over all the piles. Usually is the foundation for skeleton towers.
Lantern
Battery Box
Tower
Platform Structure
Things to check on this aid.
Battery Box Large box is designed to hold up to 4
secondary batteries. Small box is designed to hold up to 2
secondary batteries. Single battery boxes are available
commercially and are acceptable as long as they are white in color.
Radar Reflectors Installed when the
reflectivity of the structure doesn’t meet operational requirements.
A standard radar set should detect it at 1.5 to 2 NM when mounted 10 ft above the water.
Must be properly oriented to the channel.
CH
AN
NE
L
Dayboards A dayboard shall always be
installed for maximum utility.
The dayboard should be the dominant component of the silhouette with the battery box hidden behind it.
On what side should you pass
this mark?
It is a little easier to make the decision in the daylight!
Raising the dayboard makes it more obvious.
2
What’s wrong with this daymark? 2
Mounting Dayboards
Dayboards should be fastened so the dayboard becomes sacrificial in high winds.
Dayboards shall be fastened to meet or exceed a lifetime of 5 years.
The fasteners shall not pierce the retro-reflective border or characters.
Mounting
Dayboard may be installed approximately 5 degrees from vertical.
5o
WHY?
Mounting Whenever possible,
dayboards shall be mounted on an angle to the channel.
The angle will vary to best suit the channel.
In a straight channel, about 30 degrees.
3 0o
CH
AN
NE
L
This makes the number easier to read when abeam of the aid.
Dayboards Dayboards differ in size and shape
depending on the marking system and their specific function.
Each dayboard has a designator composed of a number followed by a group of letters.
Dayboards
The first number indicates the width of the dayboard in feet.
3’ 4’
Dayboards
The next letter refers to the shape or purpose of the dayboard.
S-Square T-Triangle J-Junction
M-Mid-Channel K-Range N-No Lateral Significance
DayboardsThe second letter represents the key or
background color.
R- Red
G- Green
W- White
B- Black
DayboardsAdditional information is shown by letters placed
after a dash (-)I - IntracoastalSY - yellow squareTY - yellow triangle
Dayboards
4JR-SY
4’(4)Aid has 4 foot base – (J)is used for channel junction – (R)functions as a nun in main channel – (SY)is used as a “Dual Purpose” aid (can) on the ICW.
Detection Range As a mariner approaches a
dayboard from a distance it is first detected as an object apart from its surroundings.
This is the detection range
Recognition Range
Upon coming closer to the dayboard, it can be recognized as an aid to navigation.
This is the recognition range
Identification RangeFinally the aid can be identified when the
mariner is close enough to read the numbers and letters.
This is the identification range
Nominal Range The nominal range
rating is used to classify dayboards.
3SG and 4TR – nominal range 1NM
4SG and 6TR – nominal range 2NM
6SG and 8TR– nominal range 3NM
FilmsRetroreflective tape
Vinyl Film
Retroreflective material Commonly called Retro. Two manufacturers:
Reflexite has a smooth appearance
3M has a honeycomb appearance
3M and Reflexite materials may be used together on the same aid.
Front Panel
Symbol
KWRMain panel is white.
Center stripe is red.
K - range dayboards Range boards are always twice as tall as they are
wide.
W
2W
Dayboards The third letter indicates the color of stripe (range dayboards only).
R- Fluorescent red G- Fluorescent green W- White B- Black
Dayboards
6’
6KR W -1
Operational Requirements
ContrastVegetation
Background
lights
Inspection and Maintenance Dayboard surface and backing
materials will deteriorate due to the effects of weathering by: wind, rain, freezing temperatures, and sunlight.
Inspection and Maintenance Types of delamination are:
Cracking,
Peeling. and
Fading.
Backing Material Delamination should not have
progressed over more than 25 percent of the backing material.
Material should not be sufficiently warped to visibly detract from the signal.
Mounting points should not be softened or deteriorated to the degree that the board may come loose during a storm.
Films, Numbers, Letters, and Borders. Delamination of the film should not
progress over 10% of the surface area.
Material should not be cracked, checked or abraded so as to provide a dull or roughened top surface.
Attached material should not have peeled more than 10% of the surface area.
Fading. . . There is no practical way to measure
fading.
Replacement is based on the judgment of servicing personnel.
Aid must be able to display the intended signal until its next scheduled service date.
. . . more FADING
1 53NEW FADED REPLACE
A Major Light
“Boston Light”
All light houses are now unmanned, except for Boston Light—the oldest, continuous operating lighthouse in America.
Check each lighthouse for proper operation.
Refer to your chart or Light List for the proper characteristics.
Do you have any questions about
ATON discrepancies?
HOW to make ROUTINE and follow up reports to the
Coast Guard Unit.
“ANSC 7054 Aid to Navigation Form”
available on the
“National Forms Web Site”
ANSC 7054 Aid to Navigation Form
Has four sections:
Section I - Member’s Information.
Section II - Coast Guard Notification.
Section III – Aid Owner, Identification, and Characteristics.
Section IV – Discrepancies.
ANSC 7054 Aid to Navigation Form
Section I – Members Information.
Fill out your personal data on the ANSC 7054 Aid to Navigation Form that was handed out.
It should only take a minute.
ANSC 7054 - Aid to Navigation Form
Section II - Coast Guard Notification
Only used for Critical or Urgent discrepancy reporting when you have already communicated with a C.G Unit or other C.G. agency.
Indicate the means used.
This section is never used for Routine Routine discrepancy reports.
ANSC 7054 - Aid to Navigation Form
Section II - Coast Guard NotificationThis is a critical report. ANT Bristol was phoned with the report on Aug. 8 from the OPFAC.
Fill out the C.G. Notification data on the ANSC 7054 Aid to Navigation Form that was handed out.It should only take a minute.
ANSC 7054 - Aid to Navigation Form
Section III – Aid Owner, Identification, and Characteristics.Enter the Aid Name and LLNR.Show the Chart Number.Enter the Latitude and Longitude.
LAT = dd-mm-ss.ss NLON = ddd-mm-ss.ss W
Enter the Depth alongside the aid. (Other)Correct for: Position of transducer.
Height of Tide.Compare to charted depth at the aid.
ANSC 7054 - Aid to Navigation Form
Observed depth = 23 feet
Position of transducer = 2 feet
Height of Tide = 3.8 feet.
FORMULA
Observed Depth plus Position of transducer minus Height of Tide equals Corrected Depth
23 + 2 – 3.8 = 21.2 feet
The charted depth is 21 feet
ANSC 7054 - Aid to Navigation Form
Section III – Aid Owner, Identification, and Characteristics.This is the Channel Buoy #5 in Dorchester Bay, LLNR 23455, a lighted buoy, flashing every six seconds. It was observed at 23-34-56.500 N / 070-34-44.786 W. Depth was observed at 23 feet. The transducer is 2 feet below the water and the Height of Tide is 3.8 feet at 1945.
Fill out the Section III data on the ANSC 7054 Aid to Navigation Form that was handed out.
ANSC 7054 - Aid to Navigation Form
Section III – Aid Owner, Identification, and Characteristics - continuedSelect the Ownership of the aid.
Coast Guard, State, Private, other.
Select the Type of Aid.Buoy, Structure, Lighted, Sound, Electronic, Single pile marker, Mile marker.
If aid is a Structure, select:Wood, Metal, Other.
If the aid has a Sound Signal, select:Bell, Gong, Horn, Whistle.
If aid is lighted, indicate the Light Color:Red, Green, White, Yellow
Complete Section III on the ANSC 7054 ATON form.
ANSC 7054 - Aid to Navigation Form
Section IV – Discrepancies.The Channel Buoy #5 in Dorchester Bay, was observed as extinguished and the lantern was damaged.
Fill out the Section IV data on the ANSC 7054 Aid to Navigation Form that was handed out.
Enter any comments you think may be appropriate.
How does the Aid look?
Does the observed aid comply with the IALA-B
Aids to Navigation System?
If not, explain in the comments section.
How does the Aid look?
Does the observed aid match the entry for this
aid in the Light List?If not, explain in the comments
section.
How does the Aid look?
Does the observed aid match the abbreviations and symbols for this aid on the Nautical Chart?If not, explain in the comments
section. May also be a Chart Update Report.
Discrepancy reports may be reflected in the LNM - Local Notice to
MarinersThe Local Notice to
Mariner is generated using the ATONIS
Database
• Chart Corrections
• Discrepancies
• Light List Changes
What is meant by the term “verification” of an aid?
A verification of an aid means that you have applied all of your acquired knowledge of
discrepancies on aids to navigation to your observation of the aid, and you did not find
any problem(s).
Furthermore, you have observed that the aid conforms to the IALA-B Aid to Navigation System.
And, you have checked that your observations of the aid matches the symbols and abbreviations as printed for the aid on the latest nautical chart and as published in the Light List.
When the aid is private, it is assumed that you have confirmed that the aid conforms to the specifications as listed on the aid’s “Private Aid Verification Form,” provided from ATONIS.
A lot of knowledge, integrity, credibility and training is
assumed and expected when you use of the term “Watching
Properly” on a verification report for a (P)ATON.
What is meant by the term “verification” of an aid?
A verification of an aid means that you have applied all of your acquired knowledge of
discrepancies on aids to navigation to your observation of the aid, and you did not find
any problem(s).
You took a fix alongside the aid using a GPS with DGPS or WAAS and reviewed the EPE or HDOP. You also confirmed that the GPS was reading 4 or more satellites—3D Operation.
You checked the observed LAT/LON to the aid’s assigned position.“Assigned position” is available in the
Light List. If not listed, take the LAT/LON from the nautical chart.
You took a depth alongside the aid.
You corrected the depth for:
The location of the transducer.
The Height of Tide.“Observed depth + Transducer corr. – Height of Tide = Estimated Depth corrected to datum”
You checked the Estimated Depth to the Charted Depth.
AND YOU DIDN’T FIND ANY
PROBLEMS!
DO NOT REPORT the verification of a Federal aid to
the Coast Guard.
DO REPORT verifications of Federal Aids to AUXDATA on an
ANSC 7030 Activity Report – Mission Individual form.
Take credit in AUXDATA for every Federal Aid
that your verify as “watching properly” or
report as being discrepant.
Take credit in AUXDATA for every Private Aid
(PATON) that you verify.
Annual Verifications of PATONs are always
reported to the CG ANT.
Any questions about reporting discrepancies
found onAids to Navigation?