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The following PowerPoint presentation is a self extracting stand-alone slide show. To move forward or backward through the show
simply use the arrow keys on your keyboard.
Some of the slides contain animation, so to appreciate the full content, make sure you view the presentation in “Presentation
Mode” (press F5 key) then on each slide, wait a few seconds for the motion to stop before advancing to the next slide.
P&I Technologies
2
P&I Technologies
LECTURE SERIES
Protection, Control & Metering
of an
Electrical Grid
P&I Technologies
3
On-site Training
Flexible
Cost-effective (one fixed cost)
Allows as many or as few employees as you need
No travel expenses
Delivered when/where you want
Realize the value of bringing training on-site
4
On-site Training
Real-world training & solutions customized to your business
Lower training costs
A consistent learning experience
Training courses can be delivered “off-the-shelf”
Slightly modified or completely customized to your needs
Designed for immediate, measurable results
Realize the value of bringing training on-site
5
On-site Training
Courses are planned around individual/department schedules
Delivered in any format
Teams learn with real-world, mission-specific examples
Productivity maintain with flexible course scheduling
Train groups of employees to significantly reduce expenses
Tailor the course material to fulfill corporate needs/expectations
Benefits
6
On-site Training
1 Assess Client’s Needs
2 Design Course Around Assessment
3 Collaborate on Delivery Dates, Time & Duration
4 Program Delivery
5 Follow-up
Methodology
7
Core P&I Courses
Basic Electrical Theory
Digital – Electric Circuits
Basic Power Metering
Basic Power System Protection & Control
Advanced Protection & Control
Transformer Fundamentals
Safety Awareness & Arc Flash
8
Basic Electrical Theory
Digital – Electric Circuits
Basic Power Metering
Basic Power System Protection & Control
Advanced Protection & Control
Transformer Fundamentals
Safety Awareness & Arc Flash
Core P&I Courses
Basic Electrical Theory
9
Basic Electrical Theory
Introduces the fundamental concepts of AC/DC electrical circuits, which form the basis to all electrical/electronic systems
Upon completion participants will be familiar with:• Ohm's Law, Series and Parallel Circuits• Kirchhoff's Laws• DC Network Analysis & Metering Circuits• Conductors and Insulators• Capacitors, Inductors and Electromagnetism• Complex Numbers, Reactance and Impedance• Transformers• Polyphase AC Circuits• Power Factor• AC Metering• AC Motors• Transmission Lines
10
SERIES AND PARALLEL CIRCUITS
Parallel
IR1 IR2 IR3IT
IT
RT
VT = I1R1 = I2R2 = I3R3
VT
VT = ITRT orIT = I1 + I2 + I3 or
IT =VT
RT
VT
R1
VT
RT=
VT
R2
VT
R3+ + or
1R1
1RT
=1R2
1R3
+ +Sample Slid
e from C
ourse
11
Basic Electrical Theory
Digital – Electric Circuits
Basic Power Metering
Basic Power System Protection & Control
Advanced Protection & Control
Transformer Fundamentals
Safety Awareness & Arc Flash
Core P&I Courses
Digital – Electric Circuits
12
Digital – Electric Circuits
Introduces binary logic concepts fundamental to understanding modern digital systems
Upon completion participants will be familiar with:
• Binary Arithmetic• Logic Gates & Switches• Electromechanical Relays• Boolean Algebra & Karnaugh Mapping• Combinational Logic Functions• Sequential Circuits, Shift Registers• Digital-Analog Conversion• Digital Communication• Digital Storage (Memory)• Principles of Digital Computing
13
Basic Electrical Theory
Digital – Electric Circuits
Basic Power Metering
Basic Power System Protection & Control
Advanced Protection & Control
Transformer Fundamentals
Safety Awareness & Arc Flash
Core P&I Courses
Basic Power Metering
14
Introduces the fundamentals of instrument and revenue metering in utilities and industry
Upon completion participants will be familiar with:
• The operation and components of polyphase watthour meters• Various Metering Standards, Instrument Transformer connections• Blondel’s Theorem• 120/240 single phase connections and metering• 3 Phase 3 Wire metering• 3 Phase 4 Wire metering• Phasor Diagrams• How to take Cross Wattmeter Readings• How to calculate metering quantities using various formulas
Basic Power Metering
15
Basic Power Metering
Circuit: 1-Phase, 3-Wire
Meter: 1-Phase, 3-Wire
“A”-Base, CT’s
Aux Transformers: 2 2-Wire CT’s
WT = (V1 x I1) + (-V2 x I2)
Sample Slid
e from C
ourse
16
Basic Power Metering
Circuit: 1-Phase, 3-Wire
Meter: 1-Phase, 3-Wire
“A”-Base, CT’s
Aux Transformers: 2 2-Wire CT’s
WT = (V1 x I1) + (-V2 x I2)
17
Basic Power Metering
Circuit: 1-Phase, 3-Wire
Meter: 1-Phase, 3-Wire
“A”-Base, CT’s
Aux Transformers: 2 2-Wire CT’s
WT = (V1 x I1) + (-V2 x I2)
Sample Slid
e from C
ourse
18
Basic Electrical Theory
Digital – Electric Circuits
Basic Power Metering
Basic Power System Protection & Control
Advanced Protection & Control
Transformer Fundamentals
Safety Awareness & Arc Flash
Core P&I Courses
Basic Power System Protection & Control
19
Introduces concepts which are common to P&I and basic principles of protective relaying
Upon completion participants will be able to:
• Verify feeder protection settings/co‐ordination • Calibrate, function test, test trip, take and analyze cross readings • Identify common types of faults & their effect on the power system• Calibrate various type relays (over current, voltage and timing)• Perform function tests on feeder protections• Take a set of cross readings and plot the results• Determine if the input quantities are correct
Basic Power System Protection & Control
20
3 Ph Step-down Wye - Delta Transformer
Single Line Schematic
H1 H2 H3
H1
H2H3
Vrw-sec
VWB-sec
VBR-sec
Basic Power System Protection & Control
Sample Slid
e from C
ourse
21
Basic Electrical Theory
Digital – Electric Circuits
Basic Power Metering
Basic Power System Protection & Control
Advanced Protection & Control
Transformer Fundamentals
Safety Awareness & Arc Flash
Core P&I Courses
Advanced Protection & Control
22
The protection & control principles of High Voltage Stations
Upon completion participants will be:
• Familiar with calibration and functional test of line relays
• Trip testing
• Analyze current versus phase angle readings
• Familiar with typical relaying philosophy at high voltage stations
• Current Procedures and Practices related to modern P&C discipline
• Microprocessor Based relaying
• The IEC61850 standard and SCADA Based Telemetering
• The Smart Grid
Advanced Protection & Control
23
Instantaneous Tripping
Instantaneous Tripping
Remote Trip Protection
Advanced Protection & Control
Sample Slid
e from C
ourse
24
Basic Electrical Theory
Digital – Electric Circuits
Basic Power Metering
Basic Power System Protection & Control
Advanced Protection & Control
Transformer Fundamentals
Safety Awareness & Arc Flash
Core P&I Courses
Transformer Fundamentals
25
The basic principles of all types of transformers that can be found in most High Voltage Stations and industry
Upon completion participants will be familiar with:
• Mutual inductance and basic operation• Phasing & Winding configurations• Voltage regulation• Potential & Current transformers• Air core transformers• Power capacity, Energy losses• Stray capacitance and inductance• Core saturation• Inrush current• Oil Insulation & degasification
Transformer Fundamentals
26
Basic Electrical Theory
Digital – Electric Circuits
Basic Power Metering
Basic Power System Protection & Control
Advanced Protection & Control
Transformer Fundamentals
Safety Awareness & Arc Flash
Core P&I Courses
Safety Awareness & Arc Flash
27
Safety Awareness & Arc Flash
The fundamental concepts of electricity
The effects of electricity on the human body
Recognizing common electrical hazards
Electrical Protective Devices
Safety Orientation
Hazard Assessment
Lockout/Tagout
28
Arc FlashIdentify Hazards
Busway Surveying of undocumented areasObtaining up to date One-Line and Short Circuit Studies
Reduce HazardsPurge ALL Non-Current Limiting FusesInstall RK5 Fuses in bus plugs up to 200 AmpInstall RK1 Fuses in bus plugs above 200 Amp
ProtectUsing the Arc Flash Calculator to Identify Arc Flash Energy and Hazard CategoryPrinting and Appling Labels to ALL panels identifying Hazard Class and Appropriate PPE
Safety Awareness & Arc Flash
29
How Arc Flash Incidents Occur
Phase to ground or multi-phase short circuit by:
Conductive tool during maintenance or other work activity
Mechanical failure of non-current carrying parts
Mechanical failure of current carrying parts
Loose connection in current carrying parts
Dirt, moisture, insects, or animals
Safety Awareness & Arc Flash
30
Safety Awareness & Arc Flash
Sample Slid
e from C
ourse
31
Safety Awareness & Arc Flash
Racking 480 volt circuit breakers on and off the bus require at least this level of PPE!
What is wrong with this picture?Sample S
lide fr
om Cours
e
32
Samples of Courses
Basic Concepts of Electricity
Ohm's
Law
Electrical Safety
Scientific Notation and
Metric Prefixes
Series and Parallel Circuits
Kirchhoff's Laws
33
Samples of Courses (cont’d)
Basic Concepts of Electricity
Ohm's
Law
Electrical Safety
Scientific Notation and
Metric Prefixes
Series and Parallel Circuits
Kirchhoff's Laws
Electrical Instrumentation
34
Samples of Courses (cont’d)
Basic Concepts of Electricity
Ohm's
Law
Electrical Safety
Scientific Notation and
Metric Prefixes
Series and Parallel Circuits
Kirchhoff's Laws
Electrical Instrumentation
Capacitors & Inductors
RC and L/R Time Constants
Reactance and Impedance
Transformers
Polyphase AC Circuits
Transmission Lines
35
Samples of Courses (cont’d)
AND Gates
OR Gates
NOT Gates
J-K Flip Flops
Buffers
A to D Conversion
Decoders
Adders
36
Samples of Courses (cont’d)
Bus Main Protection
Fuses
Sectionalizers
37
Samples of Courses (cont’d)
Circuit Breakers
Basic Anti-Pump Logic
38
Samples of Courses (cont’d)
Typical Electro-Mechanical Time
Overcurrent Relay
Instantaneous Overcurrent RelaySolid State
Relays
39
Samples of Courses (cont’d)
High Impedance Differential Protection
40
Samples of Courses (cont’d)
Pilot Wire Protection
41
Samples of Courses (cont’d)
Z (load)
Z (op)=Z(relay)=Z (line)+Z (load)
Z(line)=R(L)+jX(L) (line end with 3ph short cct applied)
X
R
Z' (op)
Z' (op)=Z(relay)=Z (line)+Z(load')(where load' > load)
Z (op)
Load
stn A stn B
stn A
stn B
Z(load')
X
X X
X
R(fault)
R(fault)
Z(relay)=R(fault)+Z(line partial)
Zone IIrelay charateristic
The effect of Z(load) is much more significant compared to Z(line), here we show the vector summation of Z(relay)=Z(line)+Z(load). The true system operating point is outside the zone II
relay charateristic and near the "R" axis.
system operating point
Impedance Relaying
42
Samples of Courses (cont’d)
Smart Grids
Microprocessor Based relayingSmart M
eters
Communication
Requirements
IEC61850
Electricity Markets
Energy Storage
PLC’s
43
Design Course Around Assessment
Determining the content of the course(s)
1) Basic Electrical Theory
2) Digital – Electric Circuits
3) Basic Power Metering
4) Basic Power System Protection & Control
5) Advanced Protection & Control
6) Transformer Fundamentals
Determining the content of the course(s) is based on the assessment of the clients’ Requirements
44
Design Course Around Assessment
Determining the client’s equipment/infrastructure
Fuses
Sectionalizers
Bus Main Protection
Circuit Breakers
High Impedance Differential ProtectionImpedance Relaying
Electrical Safety
Electrical Instrumentation
Transformers
Transmission Lines
45
Design Course Around Assessment
Determining the client’s equipment/infrastructure
The Client’s
Equipment is In
corporated in th
e
Lessons
46
Assessing Client’s Needs
Who are the target learners?• Evaluate what is required to bring them up to
the same level as a starting point for the P&I training sessions
What is the system’s infrastructure?• Determine what electrical equipment the client
is looking to maintain
47
On-site Training
48
Dates and Time dependent on the Client and Attendees
Duration dependent on:
Assessment of the attendees skill level
How much the client wants added to the sessions
49
On-site Training
50
At a location of the clients choice
Laptop computer (PowerPoint) generated format
Projection equipment supplied by client or instructor
Tour of clients facilities to point out lesson examples
Logistical breaks (coffee, lunch etc.) provided by the client
51
On-site Training
52
P&I Technologies will stay in touch for new training updates
Repeat session for new employees can be arranged
Small training modules can be designed around new equipment Client can request other lessons for development by vendor (P&I
Technologies)
P&I Technologies will be looking to partner with manufactures of protection and control equipment to provide specific product sessions in the future
53
Instructor
Professional Experience
Siemens - Business Development Manager T&D
AECON Industrial - Business Development Manager – Nuclear
Wardrop Engineering - Divisional Manager Business Development – Power Sector
CFLCO. (Churchill Falls Labrador Corp.) – Director Operations & Maintenance of the Power facility comprised of 11 hydraulic generators; output 5,400 MW over multiple EHV lines
Graham Van BruntB. Sc.; P. Eng.
DST Consulting Engineers (Marketing) - Corporate Marketing Manager
Ontario Hydro (Marketing) - Energy Service Manager, Customer Energy Manager, Sr. Marketing Supervisor
Ontario Hydro (Engineering) - Sr. Protection & Instrumentation Instructor Pakistan, Sr. Protection & Control Engineer
Confederation College (Thunder Bay) - Instructor - Electrical
Education
Queen’s University – Kingston, Ontario B. Sc. Electrical EngineeringWilfrid Laurier University – Waterloo, Ontario – School of Business
54
Contact us at:
Graham Van BruntB. Sc.; P. Eng.
P&I Technologies
55
End
P&I Technologies